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Quan Y, Li J, Cai J, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Lu F. Transplantation of beige adipose organoids fabricated using adipose acellular matrix hydrogel improves metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mice. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31191. [PMID: 38219044 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising approach for treating obesity and metabolic disorders. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of functional BAT or brown adipocytes for transplantation remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a hydrogel that combining adipose acellular matrix (AAM) and GelMA and HAMA that can be adjusted for stiffness by modulating the duration of light-crosslinking. We used human white adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments to create beige adipose organoids (BAO) that were encapsulated in either a soft or stiff AAM hydrogel. We found that BAOs cultivated in AAM hydrogels with high stiffness demonstrated increased metabolic activity and upregulation of thermogenesis-related genes. When transplanted into obese and type 2 diabetes mice, the HFD + BAO group showed sustained improvements in metabolic rate, resulting in significant weight loss and decreased blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the mice showed a marked reduction in nonalcoholic liver steatosis, indicating improved liver function. In contrast, transplantation of 2D-cultured beige adipocytes failed to produce these beneficial effects. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating beige adipose organoids in vitro and administering them by injection, which may represent a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Quan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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2
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Quan Y, Lu F, Zhang Y. Use of brown adipose tissue transplantation and engineering as a thermogenic therapy in obesity and metabolic disease. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13677. [PMID: 38114233 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is emerging as an attractive therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of clinical pharmaceutical agents have yet to be fully characterized. The transplantation of brown adipose tissue represents an alternative approach that might have a therapeutic effect by inducing a long-term increase in energy expenditure. However, limited tissue resources hinder the development of transplantation. Stem cell-based therapy and brown adipose tissue engineering, in addition to transplantation, represent alternative approaches that might resolve this problem. In this article, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and applications of brown adipose tissue transplantation in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Specifically, the induction of brown adipocytes and the fabrication of engineered brown adipose tissue as novel transplantation resources have long-term effects on ameliorating metabolic defects in rodent models. Additionally, we explore future prospects regarding the development of three-dimensional engineered brown adipose tissue and the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Quan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Dewal RS, Yang FT, Baer LA, Vidal P, Hernandez-Saavedra D, Seculov NP, Ghosh A, Noé F, Togliatti O, Hughes L, DeBari MK, West MD, Soroko R, Sternberg H, Malik NN, Puchulu-Campanella E, Wang H, Yan P, Wolfrum C, Abbott RD, Stanford KI. Transplantation of committed pre-adipocytes from brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. iScience 2024; 27:108927. [PMID: 38327776 PMCID: PMC10847743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes are increasing at epidemic rates in the U.S. and worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential therapeutic to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increasing BAT mass by transplantation improves metabolic health in rodents, but its clinical translation remains a challenge. Here, we investigated if transplantation of 2-4 million differentiated brown pre-adipocytes from mouse BAT stromal fraction (SVF) or human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) could improve metabolic health. Transplantation of differentiated brown pre-adipocytes, termed "committed pre-adipocytes" from BAT SVF from mice or derived from hPSCs improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in recipient mice under conditions of diet-induced obesity, and this improvement is mediated through the collaborative actions of the liver transcriptome, tissue AKT signaling, and FGF21. These data demonstrate that transplantation of a small number of brown adipocytes has significant long-term translational and therapeutic potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati S. Dewal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Felix T. Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diego Hernandez-Saavedra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nickolai P. Seculov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Togliatti
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lexis Hughes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Richard Soroko
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Nafees N. Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Estella Puchulu-Campanella
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huabao Wang
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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4
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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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5
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Ruocco C, Malavazos AE, Ragni M, Carruba MO, Valerio A, Iacobellis G, Nisoli E. Amino acids contribute to adaptive thermogenesis. New insights into the mechanisms of action of recent drugs for metabolic disorders are emerging. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106892. [PMID: 37619907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is the heat production by muscle contractions (shivering thermogenesis) or brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat (non-shivering thermogenesis) in response to external stimuli, including cold exposure. BAT and beige fat communicate with peripheral organs and the brain through a variegate secretory and absorption processes - controlling adipokines, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites - and have received much attention as potential therapeutic targets for managing obesity-related disorders. The sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine-releasing adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) activate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), expressed explicitly in brown and beige adipocytes, dissolving the electrochemical gradient and uncoupling tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain from ATP production. Mounting evidence has attracted attention to the multiple effects of dietary and endogenously synthesised amino acids in BAT thermogenesis and metabolic phenotype in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms implicated in these processes have yet to be conclusively characterized. In the present review article, we aim to define the principal investigation areas in this context, including intestinal microbiota constitution, adipose autophagy modulation, and secretome and metabolic fluxes control, which lead to increased brown/beige thermogenesis. Finally, also based on our recent epicardial adipose tissue results, we summarise the evidence supporting the notion that the new dual and triple agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon (GCG) receptor - with never before seen weight loss and insulin-sensitizing efficacy - promote thermogenic-like amino acid profiles in BAT with robust heat production and likely trigger sympathetic activation and adaptive thermogenesis by controlling amino acid metabolism and ATM expansion in BAT and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via della Commenda, 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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6
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Soler-Vázquez MC, Romero MDM, Todorcevic M, Delgado K, Calatayud C, Benitez-Amaro A, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Mera P, Zagmutt S, Bastías-Pérez M, Ibeas K, Casals N, Escolà-Gil JC, Llorente-Cortés V, Consiglio A, Serra D, Herrero L. Implantation of CPT1AM-expressing adipocytes reduces obesity and glucose intolerance in mice. Metab Eng 2023; 77:256-272. [PMID: 37088334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities are a rising global health and social issue, with novel therapeutic approaches urgently needed. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) have gained great interest in cell therapy. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the gatekeeper enzyme for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Here, we aimed to generate adipocytes expressing a constitutively active CPT1A form (CPT1AM) that can improve the obese phenotype in mice after their implantation. AT-MSCs were differentiated into mature adipocytes, subjected to lentivirus-mediated expression of CPT1AM or the GFP control, and subcutaneously implanted into mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CPT1AM-implanted mice showed lower body weight, hepatic steatosis and serum insulin and cholesterol levels alongside improved glucose tolerance. HFD-induced increases in adipose tissue hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis were reduced in CPT1AM-implanted mice. In addition, the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of CPT1AM-implanted mice. Our results demonstrate that implantation of CPT1AM-expressing AT-MSC-derived adipocytes into HFD-fed mice improves the obese metabolic phenotype, supporting the future clinical use of this ex vivo gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marijana Todorcevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Bastías-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), E-08195, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital- IDIBELL, E-08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Gunawardana S. Brown Adipose Tissue Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:193-202. [PMID: 37076682 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic benefits of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are well known. Increasing the BAT content and/or activity is a proposed therapeutic approach to combat metabolic disease. Activation and induction of endogenous BAT have achieved varying degrees of success in correcting obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, with some limitations. Transplantation of BAT from healthy donors is another approach proven safe and effective in rodent models. In diet-induced models of obesity and insulin resistance, BAT transplants prevent obesity, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy metabolism. In mouse models of insulin-dependent diabetes, subcutaneous transplantation of healthy BAT produces long-term euglycemia without the need for insulin or immunosuppression. Considering the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of healthy BAT, transplantation may be a more effective approach to combat metabolic disease in the long term. Here we describe in detail the technique for subcutaneous BAT transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Gunawardana
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Davis S, Hocking S, Watt MJ, Gunton JE. Metabolic effects of lipectomy and of adipose tissue transplantation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:7-19. [PMID: 36479639 PMCID: PMC10946570 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to review the metabolic effects of fat transplantation. METHODS Fat (adipose tissue [AT]) transplantation has been performed extensively for many years in the cosmetic reconstruction industry. However, not all fats are equal. White, brown, and beige AT differ in energy storage and use. Brown and beige AT consume glucose and lipids for thermogenesis and, theoretically, may provide greater metabolic benefit in transplantation. Here, the authors review the metabolic effects of AT transplantation. RESULTS Removal of subcutaneous human AT does not have beneficial metabolic effects. Most studies find no benefit from visceral AT transplantation and some studies report harmful effects. In contrast, transplantation of inguinal or subcutaneous AT in mice has positive effects. Brown AT transplant studies have variable results depending on the model but most show benefit. CONCLUSIONS Many technical improvements have optimized fat grafting and transplantation in cosmetic surgery. Transplantation of subcutaneous AT has the potential for significant metabolic benefits, although there are few studies in humans or using human AT. Brown AT transplantation is beneficial but not readily feasible in humans thus ex vivo "beiging" may be a useful strategy. AT transplantation may provide clinical benefits in metabolic disorders, especially in the setting of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology ResearchThe Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samantha Hocking
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology ResearchThe Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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9
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Corral A, Alcala M, Carmen Duran-Ruiz M, Arroba AI, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Todorčević M, Serra D, Calderon-Dominguez M, Herrero L. Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue metabolism and associated pathologies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Dani V, Yao X, Dani C. Transplantation of fat tissues and iPSC-derived energy expenditure adipocytes to counteract obesity-driven metabolic disorders: Current strategies and future perspectives. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:103-110. [PMID: 33751363 PMCID: PMC7982512 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several therapeutic options have been developed to address the obesity epidemic and treat associated metabolic diseases. Despite the beneficial effects of surgery and drugs, effective therapeutic solutions have been held back by the poor long-term efficiency and detrimental side effects. The development of alternative approaches is thus urgently required. Fat transplantation is common practice in many surgical procedures, including aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, and is a budding future direction for treating obesity-related metabolic defects. This review focuses on adipose tissue transplantation and the recent development of cell-based therapies to boost the mass of energy-expenditure cells. Brown adipocyte transplantation is a promising novel therapy to manage obesity and associated metabolic disorders, but the need to have an abundant and relevant source of brown fat tissue or brown adipocytes for transplantation is a major hurdle to overcome. Current studies have focused on the rodent model to obtain a proof of concept of a tissue-transplantation strategy able to achieve effective long-term effects to reverse metabolic defects in obese patients. Future perspectives and opportunities to develop innovative human fat tissue models and 3D engineered hiPSC-adipocytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, iBV, France
| | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, iBV, France
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, iBV, France.
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11
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Song Y, Xie H, Dong M. An update on brown adipose tissue and obesity intervention: Function, regulation and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1065263. [PMID: 36714578 PMCID: PMC9874101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a world-wide problem. However, effective intervention approaches are limited. Brown adipose tissue, which helps maintain body temperature and contributes to thermogenesis, is dependent on uncoupling protein1. Over the last decade, an in-creasing number of studies have found that activating brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose tissue can protect against obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease. Brown adipose tissue has gradually become an appealing therapeutic target for the prevention and re-versal of obesity. However, some important issues remain unresolved. It is not certain whether increasing brown adipose tissue activity is the cause or effect of body weight loss or what the risks might be for sympathetic nervous system-dependent non-shivering thermogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize approaches to activating brown adipose tissue and/or browning white adipose tissue, such as cold exposure, exercise, and small-molecule treatment. We highlight the functional mechanisms of small-molecule treatment and brown adipose tissue transplantation using batokine, sympathetic nervous system and/or gut microbiome. Finally, we discuss the causality between body weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, exercise, and brown adipose tissue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Hengchang Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
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12
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Weinzierl A, Harder Y, Schmauss D, Ampofo E, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Improved Vascularization and Survival of White Compared to Brown Adipose Tissue Grafts in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010023. [PMID: 35052704 PMCID: PMC8772698 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting is a frequently applied procedure in plastic surgery for volume reconstruction. Moreover, the transplantation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) increasingly gains interest in preclinical research for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic defects. Therefore, we herein directly compared the vascularization capacity and survival of WAT and BAT grafts. For this purpose, size-matched grafts isolated from the inguinal WAT pad and the interscapular BAT depot of C57BL/6N donor mice were syngeneically transplanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of recipient animals. The vascularization and survival of the grafts were analyzed by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry over an observation period of 14 days. WAT grafts showed an identical microvascular architecture and functional microvessel density as native WAT. In contrast, BAT grafts developed an erratic microvasculature with a significantly lower functional microvessel density when compared to native BAT. Accordingly, they also contained a markedly lower number of CD31-positive microvessels, which was associated with a massive loss of perilipin-positive adipocytes. These findings indicate that in contrast to WAT grafts, BAT grafts exhibit an impaired vascularization capacity and survival, which may be due to their higher metabolic demand. Hence, future studies should focus on the establishment of strategies to improve the engraftment of transplanted BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.A.); (M.D.M.); (M.W.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmauss
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (Y.H.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.A.); (M.D.M.); (M.W.L.)
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.A.); (M.D.M.); (M.W.L.)
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.A.); (M.D.M.); (M.W.L.)
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13
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Picatoste B, Yammine L, Leahey RA, Soares D, Johnson EF, Cohen P, McGraw TE. Defective insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in brown adipocytes induces systemic glucose homeostasis dysregulation independent of thermogenesis in female mice. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101305. [PMID: 34303022 PMCID: PMC8363886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that brown adipose tissue, in addition to its role in thermogenesis, has a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Here we characterize the metabolic effects of deleting Rab10, a protein key for insulin stimulation of glucose uptake into white adipocytes, solely from brown adipocytes. METHODS We used a murine brown adipocyte cell line and stromal vascular fraction-derived in vitro differentiated brown adipocytes to study the role of Rab10 in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We generated a brown adipocyte-specific Rab10 knockout for in vivo studies of metabolism and thermoregulation. RESULTS We demonstrate that deletion of Rab10 from brown adipocytes results in a two-fold reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by reducing translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane, an effect linked to whole-body glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in female mice. This effect on metabolism is independent of the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes, thereby revealing a metabolism-specific role for brown adipocytes in female mice. The reduced glucose uptake induced by Rab10 deletion disrupts ChREBP regulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) genes, providing a potential link between DNL in brown adipocytes and whole-body metabolic regulation in female mice. However, deletion of Rab10 from male mice does not induce systemic insulin resistance, although ChREBP regulation is disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Our studies of Rab10 reveal the role of insulin-regulated glucose transport into brown adipocytes in whole-body metabolic homeostasis of female mice. Importantly, the contribution of brown adipocytes to whole-body metabolic regulation is independent of its role in thermogenesis. It is unclear whether the whole-body metabolic sexual dimorphism is because female mice are permissive to the effects of Rab10 deletion from brown adipocytes or because male mice are resistant to the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Picatoste
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lucie Yammine
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rosemary A. Leahey
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emma F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Brown preadipocyte transplantation locally ameliorates obesity. Arch Plast Surg 2021; 48:440-447. [PMID: 34352958 PMCID: PMC8342257 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2020.02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for anti-obesity treatments. Previous studies have shown that BAT activation causes an acute metabolic boost and reduces adiposity. Furthermore, BAT and BAT-derived cell transplantation reportedly help treat obesity by regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism. However, since BAT transplantation leads to whole-body weight loss, we speculated that earlier approaches cause a generalized and unnecessary fat tissue loss, including in breast and hip tissues. METHODS We transplanted white adipose tissue-derived or BAT-derived preadipocytes prepared from C57BL/6 mice into one side of the inguinal fat pads of an obese mouse model (db/ db mice) to examine whether it would cause fat loss at the peri-transplant site (n=5 each). The same volume of phosphate-buffered saline was injected as a control on the other side. Six weeks after transplantation, the inguinal fat pad was excised and weighed. We also measured the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids, and total cholesterol in the peripheral blood. RESULTS BAT-derived preadipocytes showed abundant mitochondria and high levels of mitochondrial membrane uncoupling protein 1 expression, both in vivo and in vitro, with a remarkable reduction in weight of the inguinal fat pad after transplantation (0.17±0.12 g, P=0.043). Only free fatty acid levels tended to decrease in the BAT-transplanted group, but the difference was not significant (P=0.11). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that brown adipocytes drive fat degradation around the transplantation site. Thus, local transplantation of BAT-derived preadipocytes may be useful for treating obesity, as well as in cosmetic treatments.
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15
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Therapeutic Perspectives of Thermogenic Adipocytes in Obesity and Related Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137177. [PMID: 34281227 PMCID: PMC8267903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes worldwide. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess energy, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues consume energy to generate heat in the process of thermogenesis. Adaptive thermogenesis occurs in response to environmental cues as a means of generating heat by dissipating stored chemical energy. Due to its cumulative nature, very small differences in energy expenditure from adaptive thermogenesis can have a significant impact on systemic metabolism over time. Targeting brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and converting WAT to beige fat as a method to increase energy expenditure is one of the promising strategies to combat obesity. In this review, we discuss the activation of the thermogenic process in response to physiological conditions. We highlight recent advances in harnessing the therapeutic potential of thermogenic adipocytes by genetic, pharmacological and cell-based approaches in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders in mice and the human.
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16
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Raiko JRH, Saari T, Orava J, Savisto N, Parkkola R, Haaparanta-Solin M, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA. Changes in electrocardiogram parameters during acute nonshivering cold exposure and associations with brown adipose tissue activity, plasma catecholamine levels, and brachial blood pressure in healthy adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14718. [PMID: 33580902 PMCID: PMC7881801 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic activity causes changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) during cold exposure and the changes have been studied mostly during hypothermia and less during mild acute nonshivering cold exposure. Cold-induced sympathetic activity also activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases arterial blood pressure (BP) and plasma catecholamine levels. We examined changes in ECG parameters during acute nonshivering cold exposure and their associations with markers of sympathetic activity during cold exposure: brachial blood pressure (BP), plasma catecholamine levels, and BAT activity measured by positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy subjects (M/F = 13/24, aged 20-55 years) were imaged with [15 O]H2 O (perfusion, N = 37) and [18 F]FTHA to measure plasma nonesterified fatty acid uptake (NEFA uptake, N = 37) during 2-h nonshivering cold exposure. 12-lead ECG (N = 37), plasma catecholamine levels (N = 17), and brachial BP (N = 31) were measured at rest in room temperature (RT) and re-measured after a 2-h nonshivering cold exposure. There were significant differences between RT and cold exposure in P axis (35.6 ± 26.4 vs. 50.8 ± 22.7 degrees, p = 0.005), PR interval (177.7 ± 24.6 ms vs.163.0 ± 28.7 ms, p = 0.001), QRS axis (42.1 ± 31.3 vs. 56.9 ± 24.1, p = 0.003), and QT (411.7 ± 25.5 ms vs. 434.5 ± 39.3 ms, p = 0.001). There was no significant change in HR, QRS duration, QTc, JTc, and T axis during cold exposure. Systolic BP (127.2 ± 15.7 vs. 131.8 ± 17.9 mmHg, p = 0.008), diastolic BP (81.7 ± 12.0 vs. 85.4 ± 13.0 mmHg, p = 0.02), and plasma noradrenaline level increased during cold exposure (1.97 ± 0.61 vs. 5.07 ± 1.32 µmol/L, p = 0.001). Cold-induced changes in ECG parameters did not correlate with changes in BAT activity, brachial BP, plasma catecholamines, or skin temperature. CONCLUSIONS During short-term nonshivering cold exposure, there were increases in P axis, PR interval, QRS axis, and QT compared to RT in healthy adults. Cold-induced changes in ECG parameters did not correlate with BAT activity, brachial BP, or plasma catecholamine levels which were used as markers of cold-induced sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho R H Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Orava
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Central Apolipoprotein A-IV Stimulates Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031221. [PMID: 33513710 PMCID: PMC7865537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) could have far-reaching health benefits in combatting obesity and obesity-related complications. Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), produced by the gut and the brain in the presence of dietary lipids, is a well-known short-term satiating protein. While our previous studies have demonstrated reduced diet-induced thermogenesis in ApoA-IV-deficient mice, it is unclear whether this reduction is due to a loss of peripheral or central effects of ApoA-IV. We hypothesized that central administration of ApoA-IV stimulates BAT thermogenesis and that sympathetic and sensory innervation is necessary for this action. To test this hypothesis, mice with unilateral denervation of interscapular BAT received central injections of recombinant ApoA-IV protein or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The effects of central ApoA-IV on BAT temperature and thermogenesis in mice with unilateral denervation of the intrascapular BAT were monitored using transponder probe implantation, qPCR, and immunoblots. Relative to CSF, central administration of ApoA-IV significantly increased temperature and UCP expression in BAT. However, all of these effects were significantly attenuated or prevented in mice with unilateral denervation. Together, these results clearly demonstrate that ApoA-IV regulates BAT thermogenesis centrally, and this effect is mediated through sympathetic and sensory nerves.
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18
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Shinde AB, Song A, Wang QA. Brown Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity, Energy Metabolism, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651763. [PMID: 33953697 PMCID: PMC8092391 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte in brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in expending energy through non-shivering thermogenesis, a process that produces heat either by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) dependent uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration or by UCP1 independent mechanisms. Apart from this, there is ample evidence suggesting that BAT has an endocrine function. Studies in rodents point toward its vital roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis, making it an important therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders related to morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rediscovery of thermogenically active BAT depots in humans by several independent research groups in the last decade has revitalized interest in BAT as an even more promising therapeutic intervention. Over the last few years, there has been overwhelming interest in understanding brown adipocyte's developmental lineages and how brown adipocyte uniquely utilizes energy beyond UCP1 mediated uncoupling respiration. These new discoveries would be leveraged for designing novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiong A. Wang,
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19
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Zhang L, Avery J, Yin A, Singh AM, Cliff TS, Yin H, Dalton S. Generation of Functional Brown Adipocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via Progression through a Paraxial Mesoderm State. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:784-797.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Payab M, Abedi M, Foroughi Heravani N, Hadavandkhani M, Arabi M, Tayanloo-Beik A, Sheikh Hosseini M, Gerami H, Khatami F, Larijani B, Abdollahi M, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue transplantation as a novel alternative to obesity treatment: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:109-121. [PMID: 32499525 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a global challenge, is a complex disorder linked to various diseases. Different kinds of treatments are currently used to treat or control this pandemic. Despite their positive effects on controlling obesity, they still have limitations and side effects including digestive problems, difficulties of daily infusion of some drugs, surgical complications, and weight regain. All these issues cause these conventional methods not to have desirable efficacy. In this regard, brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation as a new investigational treatment is proposed, which has beneficial effects with no documented side effect in studies up to now. METHODS This systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration Number: CRD42018110045). The systematical search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest databases. The quality assessments in the included studies and data gathering were conducted independently by two authors. The main variables were anthropometric indices including body weight, levels of leptin, IGF-1, glucagon, adiponectin, fasting blood glucose, and UCP-1. RESULTS Following the search in mentioned databases, ten articles were entered into this systematic review. In most studies, weight gain and white adipocyte size were reduced in the BAT transplant group. It seems that the transplantation leads to the regeneration of healthy adipose tissue by activating the endogenous BAT. CONCLUSIONS Since BAT transplantation is one of the possible future treatments of obesity, many studies are conducted to evaluate the outcomes and related procedures precisely, so it can finally step into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Abedi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Foroughi Heravani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Sheikh Hosseini
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Gerami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Zhu Q, Weng J, Shen M, Fish J, Shen Z, Coschigano KT, Davidson WS, Tso P, Shi H, Lo CC. Apolipoprotein A-IV Enhances Fatty Acid Uptake by Adipose Tissues of Male Mice via Sympathetic Activation. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5802681. [PMID: 32157301 PMCID: PMC7100924 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) synthesized by the gut regulates lipid metabolism. Sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues also controls lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that ApoA-IV required sympathetic innervation to increase fatty acid (FA) uptake by adipose tissues and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. After 3 weeks feeding of either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), mice with unilateral denervation of adipose tissues received intraperitoneal administration of recombinant ApoA-IV protein and intravenous infusion of lipid mixture with radioactive triolein. In chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV administration increased FA uptake by intact BAT but not the contralateral denervated BAT or intact white adipose tissue (WAT). Immunoblots showed that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV increased expression of lipoprotein lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase in both intact BAT and inguinal WAT (IWAT), while ApoA-IV enhanced protein levels of β3 adrenergic receptor, adipose triglyceride lipase, and uncoupling protein 1 in the intact BAT only. In HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV elevated FA uptake by intact epididymal WAT (EWAT) but not intact BAT or IWAT. ApoA-IV increased sympathetic activity assessed by norepinephrine turnover (NETO) rate in BAT and EWAT of chow-fed mice, whereas it elevated NETO only in EWAT of HFD-fed mice. These observations suggest that, in chow-fed mice, ApoA-IV activates sympathetic activity of BAT and increases FA uptake by BAT via innervation, while in HFD-fed mice, ApoA-IV stimulates sympathetic activity of EWAT to shunt FAs into the EWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Jonathan Weng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Jace Fish
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - Zhujun Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - Karen T Coschigano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Chunmin C Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
- Correspondence: Chunmin C Lo, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine Hall 228, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979. E-mail:
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Glazier BJ, Krolick KN, Yang S, He J, Lo CC, Shi H. Differential Sympathetic Activation of Adipose Tissues by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090452. [PMID: 31492038 PMCID: PMC6769916 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrally administered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreases body adiposity beyond what can be accounted for by decreased food intake, implying enhanced lipid metabolism by BDNF. Consistent with this notion, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of BDNF in rats increased the expression of lipolytic enzymes in white adipose tissues (WAT) and increased circulating concentrations of lipolytic products without changing the levels of adrenal gland hormones. This suggests that central BDNF-induced lipid mobilization is likely due to sympathetic neural activation, rather than activation of the adrenocortical or adrenomedullary system. We hypothesized that BDNF activated sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues to regulate lipolysis. Rats with unilateral denervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and different WAT depots received icv injections of saline or BDNF. Both intact and denervated adipose tissues were exposed to the same circulating factors, but denervated adipose tissues did not receive neural signals. Norepinephrine (NE) turnover (NETO) of BAT and WAT was assessed as a measure of sympathetic activity. Findings revealed that central BDNF treatment induced a change in NETO in some but not all the adipose tissues tested. Specifically, greater NETO rates were found in BAT and gonadal epididymal WAT (EWAT), but not in inguinal WAT (IWAT) or retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), of BDNF-treated rats compared to saline-treated rats. Furthermore, intact innervation was necessary for BDNF-induced NETO in BAT and EWAT. In addition, BDNF increased the expression of lipolytic enzymes in both intact and denervated EWAT and IWAT, suggesting that BDNF-induced WAT lipolysis was independent of intact innervation. To summarize, centrally administered BDNF selectively provoked sympathetic drives to BAT and EWAT that was dependent on intact innervation, while BDNF also increased lipolysis in a manner independent of intact innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | | | | | - Shangyuwen Yang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jingyan He
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Chunmin C Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Fifty shades of brown: The functions, diverse regulation and evolution of brown adipose tissue. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:1-5. [PMID: 31325457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Pence S, Zhu Q, Binne E, Liu M, Shi H, Lo CC. Reduced Diet-induced Thermogenesis in Apolipoprotein A-IV Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3176. [PMID: 31261740 PMCID: PMC6651278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of dietary lipids, both apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) production and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis are increased. The effect of dietary lipid-induced AproA-IV on BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure remains unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that ApoA-IV knockout (ApoA-IV-KO) mice exhibited decreased BAT thermogenesis to affect energy homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, BAT thermogenesis in wildtype (WT) and ApoA-IV-KO mice fed either a standard low-fat chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. When fed a chow diet, energy expenditure and food intake were comparable between WT and ApoA-IV-KO mice. After 1 week of HFD consumption, ApoA-IV-KO mice had comparable energy intake but produced lower energy expenditure relative to their WT controls in the dark phase. After an acute feeding of dietary lipids or 1-week HFD feeding, ApoA-IV-KO mice produced lower levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and exhibited reduced expression of thermogenic genes in the BAT compared with WT controls. In response to cold exposure, however, ApoA-IV-KO mice had comparable energy expenditure and BAT temperature relative to WT mice. Thus, ApoA-IV-KO mice exhibited reduced diet-induced BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Pence
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute and Honor Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Erin Binne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute and Honor Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Chunmin C Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute and Honor Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Darcy J, Tseng YH. ComBATing aging-does increased brown adipose tissue activity confer longevity? GeroScience 2019; 41:285-296. [PMID: 31230192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and its related beige adipose tissue (BAT) play a definitive role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which acts by dissociating oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production, resulting in the release of heat. Therefore, in order to maintain high thermogenic capacity, BAT must act as a metabolic sink by taking up vast amounts of circulating glucose and lipids for oxidation. This, along with the rediscovery of BAT in adult humans, has fueled the study of BAT as a putative therapeutic approach to manage the growing rates of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Notably, many of the beneficial consequences of BAT activity overlap with metabolic biomarkers of extended lifespan and healthspan. In this review, we provide background about BAT including the thermogenic program, BAT's role as a secretory organ, and differences between BAT in mice and humans. We also provide details on BAT during aging, and perspectives on the potential of targeting BAT to promote lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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White JD, Dewal RS, Stanford KI. The beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue transplantation. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:74-81. [PMID: 31228478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease that results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential therapeutic target to improve the comorbidities associated with obesity due to its inherent thermogenic capacity and its ability to improve glucose metabolism. Multiple studies have shown that activation of BAT using either pharmacological treatments or cold exposure had an acute effect to increase metabolic function and reduce adiposity. Recent preclinical investigations have explored whether increasing BAT mass or activation through transplantation models could improve glucose metabolism and metabolic health. Successful BAT transplantation models have shown improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, as well as reductions in body mass and decreased adiposity in recipients. BAT transplantation may confer its beneficial effects through several different mechanisms, including endocrine effects via the release of 'batokines'. More recent studies have demonstrated that beige and brown adipocytes isolated from human progenitor cells and transplanted into mouse models result in metabolic improvements similar to transplantation of whole BAT; this could represent a clinically translatable model. In this review we will discuss the impetus for both early and recent investigations utilizing BAT transplantation models, the outcomes of these studies, and review the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of BAT transplant to confer improvements in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D White
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Revati S Dewal
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Zhu Q, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Cao J, Liu L, Liang C, Shi H. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism Involving Different Types of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2707. [PMID: 31159462 PMCID: PMC6600468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts to identify regulatory factors that control energy metabolism, the prevalence of obesity has been continuously rising, with nearly 40% of US adults being obese. Interactions between secretory factors from adipose tissues and the nervous system innervating adipose tissues play key roles in maintaining energy metabolism and promoting survival in response to metabolic challenges. It is currently accepted that there are three types of adipose tissues, white (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige (BeAT), all of which play essential roles in maintaining energy homeostasis. WAT mainly stores energy under positive energy balance, while it releases fuels under negative energy balance. Thermogenic BAT and BeAT dissipate energy as heat under cold exposure to maintain body temperature. Adipose tissues require neural and endocrine communication with the brain. A number of WAT adipokines and BAT batokines interact with the neural circuits extending from the brain to cooperatively regulate whole-body lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. We review neuroanatomical, histological, genetic, and pharmacological studies in neuroendocrine regulation of adipose function, including lipid storage and mobilization of WAT, non-shivering thermogenesis of BAT, and browning of BeAT. Recent whole-tissue imaging and transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression in WAT and BAT yield promising findings to better understand the interaction between secretory factors and neural circuits, which represents a novel opportunity to tackle obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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30
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Where Is Dopamine and how do Immune Cells See it?: Dopamine-Mediated Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:114-164. [PMID: 31077015 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that dopamine acts as an important regulator of immune function. Many immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopamine related proteins, enabling them to actively respond to dopamine and suggesting that dopaminergic immunoregulation is an important part of proper immune function. A detailed understanding of the physiological concentrations of dopamine in specific regions of the human body, particularly in peripheral systems, is critical to the development of hypotheses and experiments examining the effects of physiologically relevant dopamine concentrations on immune cells. Unfortunately, the dopamine concentrations to which these immune cells would be exposed in different anatomical regions are not clear. To address this issue, this comprehensive review details the current information regarding concentrations of dopamine found in both the central nervous system and in many regions of the periphery. In addition, we discuss the immune cells present in each region, and how these could interact with dopamine in each compartment described. Finally, the review briefly addresses how changes in these dopamine concentrations could influence immune cell dysfunction in several disease states including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the collection of pathologies, cognitive and motor symptoms associated with HIV infection in the central nervous system, known as NeuroHIV. These data will improve our understanding of the interactions between the dopaminergic and immune systems during both homeostatic function and in disease, clarify the effects of existing dopaminergic drugs and promote the creation of new therapeutic strategies based on manipulating immune function through dopaminergic signaling. Graphical Abstract.
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Liu Y, Fu W, Seese K, Yin A, Yin H. Ectopic brown adipose tissue formation within skeletal muscle after brown adipose progenitor cell transplant augments energy expenditure. FASEB J 2019; 33:8822-8835. [PMID: 31059287 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802162rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis increases energy expenditure (EE). Expanding the volume of active BAT via transplantation holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for morbid obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose progenitor cells (BAPCs) can be isolated and expanded to generate autologous brown adipocyte implants. However, the transplantation of brown adipocytes is currently impeded by poor efficiency of BAT tissue formation in vivo and undesirably short engraftment time. In this study, we demonstrated that transplanting BAPCs into limb skeletal muscles consistently led to the ectopic formation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)+pos adipose tissue with long-term engraftment (>4 mo). Combining VEGF with the BAPC transplant further improved BAT formation in muscle. Ectopic engraftment of BAPC-derived BAT in skeletal muscle augmented the EE of recipient mice. Although UCP1 expression declined in long-term BAT grafts, this deterioration can be reversed by swimming exercise because of sympathetic activation. This study suggests that intramuscular transplantation of BAPCs represents a promising approach to deriving functional BAT engraftment, which may be applied to therapeutic BAT transplantation and tissue engineering.-Liu, Y., Fu, W., Seese, K., Yin, A., Yin, H. Ectopic brown adipose tissue formation within skeletal muscle after brown adipose progenitor cell transplant augments energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenyan Fu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kendall Seese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Conte M, Martucci M, Sandri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. The Dual Role of the Pervasive "Fattish" Tissue Remodeling With Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30863366 PMCID: PMC6400104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by dramatic changes in body mass composition that include a general increase of the total fat mass. Within the fat mass, a change in the proportions of adipose tissues also occurs with aging, affecting body metabolism, and playing a central role in many chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. In mammals, fat accumulates as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which differ both in morphology and function. While WAT is involved in lipid storage and immuno-endocrine responses, BAT is aimed at generating heat. With advancing age BAT declines, while WAT increases reaching the maximum peak by early old age and changes its distribution toward a higher proportion of visceral WAT. However, lipids tend to accumulate also within lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose tissues, including muscle, liver, and heart. The excess of such ectopic lipid deposition and the alteration of LD homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related diseases. It is not clear why age-associated tissue remodeling seems to lean toward lipid deposition as a "default program." However, it can be noted that such remodeling is not inevitably detrimental. In fact, such a programmed redistribution of fat throughout life could be considered physiological and even protective, in particular at extreme old age. In this regard, it has to be considered that an excessive decrease of subcutaneous peripheral fat is associated with a pro-inflammatory status, and a decrease of LD is associated with lipotoxicity leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. At variance, a balanced rate of fat content and distribution has beneficial effects for health and metabolic homeostasis, positively affecting longevity. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge on the mechanisms of the age-related changes in lipid distribution and we will discuss how fat mass negatively or positively impacts on human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Conte
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Soler-Vázquez MC, Mera P, Zagmutt S, Serra D, Herrero L. New approaches targeting brown adipose tissue transplantation as a therapy in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:346-355. [PMID: 30030977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is raising high expectations as a potential target in the fight against metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. BAT utilizes fuels such as fatty acids to maintain body temperature by uncoupling mitochondrial electron transport to produce heat instead of ATP. This process is called thermogenesis. BAT was considered to be exclusive to rodents and human neonates. However, in the last decade several studies have demonstrated that BAT is not only present but also active in adult humans and that its activity is reduced in several pathological conditions, such as aging, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, tremendous efforts are being made by the scientific community to enhance either BAT mass or activity. Several activators of thermogenesis have been described, such as natriuretic peptides, bone morphogenic proteins, or fibroblast growth factor 21. Furthermore, recent studies have tested a therapeutic approach to directly increase BAT mass by the implantation of either adipocytes or fat tissue. This approach might have an important future in regenerative medicine and in the fight against metabolic disorders. Here, we review the emerging field of BAT transplantation including the various sources of mesenchymal stem cell isolation in rodents and humans and the described metabolic outcomes of adipocyte cell transplantation and BAT transplantation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Cao J, Zhu Q, Liu L, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Liang C, Shi H. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041095. [PMID: 29642370 PMCID: PMC5979511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of obesity, a disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has thermogenic capacity that burns calories to produce heat, and it is a potential target for the treatment and prevention of obesity. There is limited information regarding the impact of HFD on the BAT transcriptome. We hypothesized that HFD-induced obesity would lead to transcriptional regulation of BAT genes. RNA sequencing was used to generate global transcriptome profiles from BAT of lean mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) and obese mice fed with a HFD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in biological processes (BP) related to immune responses, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in chemokine activity; decreased expression of genes involved in BP related to ion transport and muscle structure development, which reduced MF in channel and transporter activity and structural binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated that pathways associated with innate immunity were enhanced by HFD, while pathways associated with muscle contraction and calcium signaling were suppressed by HFD. Collectively, these results suggest that diet-induced obesity changes transcriptomic signatures of BAT, leading to dysfunction involving inflammation, calcium signaling, ion transport, and cell structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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35
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Adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of FGF-21-adiponectin axis exerts atheroprotective effects in brown adipose tissue-transplanted apoE −/− mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1097-1103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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37
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Dong M, Lin J, Lim W, Jin W, Lee HJ. Role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome, aging, and cancer cachexia. Front Med 2017; 12:130-138. [PMID: 29119382 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a fundamental role in maintaining body temperature by producing heat. BAT that had been know to exist only in mammals and the human neonate has received great attention for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to its important function in energy metabolism, ever since it is recently reported that human adults have functional BAT. In addition, beige adipocytes, brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), have also been shown to take part in whole body metabolism. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that transplantation or activation of BAT or/and beige adipocytes reversed obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, many genes involved in BATactivation and/or the recruitment of beige cells have been found, thereby providing new promising strategies for future clinical application of BAT activation to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances of BAT function in the metabolic aspect and the relationship between BAT and cancer cachexia, a pathological process accompanied with decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure in cancer patients. The underlying possible mechanisms to reduce BAT mass and its activity in the elderly are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wonchung Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 363-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Kikai M, Yamada H, Wakana N, Terada K, Yamamoto K, Wada N, Motoyama S, Saburi M, Sugimoto T, Irie D, Kato T, Kawahito H, Ogata T, Matoba S. Retracted: Transplantation of brown adipose tissue inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice: contribution of the activated FGF-21-adiponectin axis. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:i1-i13. [PMID: 29106496 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kikai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Kensuke Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Keita Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Naotoshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Makoto Saburi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Daisuke Irie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566 Japan
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39
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Almundarij TI, Gavini CK, Novak CM. Suppressed sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle, muscle thermogenesis, and activity energy expenditure with calorie restriction. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/4/e13171. [PMID: 28242830 PMCID: PMC5328781 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During weight loss, adaptive thermogenesis occurs where energy expenditure (EE) is suppressed beyond that predicted for the smaller body size. Here, we investigated the contributions of resting and nonresting EE to the reduced total EE seen after 3 weeks of 50% calorie restriction (CR) in rats, focusing on activity‐associated EE, muscle thermogenesis, and sympathetic outflow. Prolonged food restriction resulted in a 42% reduction in daily EE, through a 40% decrease in resting EE, and a 48% decline in nonresting EE. These decreases in EE were significant even when the reductions in body weight and lean mass were taken into account. Along with a decreased caloric need for low‐to‐moderate‐intensity treadmill activity with 50% CR, baseline and activity‐related muscle thermogenesis were also suppressed, though the ability to increase muscle thermogenesis above baseline levels was not compromised. When sympathetic drive was measured by assessing norepinephrine turnover (NETO), 50% CR was found to decrease NETO in three of the four muscle groups examined, whereas elevated NETO was found in white adipose tissue of food‐restricted rats. Central activation of melanocortin 4 receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulated this pathway, enhancing activity EE; this was not compromised by 50% CR. These data suggest that suppressed activity EE contributes to adaptive thermogenesis during energy restriction. This may stem from decreased sympathetic drive to skeletal muscle, increasing locomotor efficiency and reducing skeletal muscle thermogenesis. The capacity to increase activity EE in response to central stimuli is retained, however, presenting a potential target for preventing weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq I Almundarij
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al Qassim University, Buraydah, Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Chaitanya K Gavini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Colleen M Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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40
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van den Berg SM, van Dam AD, Rensen PCN, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Immune Modulation of Brown(ing) Adipose Tissue in Obesity. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:46-68. [PMID: 27849358 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a variety of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and is therefore responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Increasing energy expenditure by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a current novel strategy to reduce the excessive energy stores in obesity. Brown adipocytes burn energy to generate heat and are mainly activated upon cold exposure. As prolonged cold exposure is not a realistic therapy, researchers worldwide are searching for novel ways to activate BAT and/or induce beiging of white adipose tissue. Recently, the contribution of immune cells in the regulation of brown adipocyte activity and beiging of white adipose tissue has gained increased attention, with a prominent role for eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. This review discusses the rediscovery of BAT, presents an overview of modes of activation and differentiation of beige and brown adipocytes, and describes the recently discovered immunological pathways that are key in mediating brown/beige adipocyte development and function. Interventions in immunological pathways harbor the potential to provide novel strategies to increase beige and brown adipose tissue activity as a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis and experimental studies have associated BAT activity with protection against obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Active BAT is present in adult humans and its activity is impaired in patients with obesity. The ability of BAT to protect against chronic metabolic disease has traditionally been attributed to its capacity to utilize glucose and lipids for thermogenesis. However, BAT might also have a secretory role, which could contribute to the systemic consequences of BAT activity. Several BAT-derived molecules that act in a paracrine or autocrine manner have been identified. Most of these factors promote hypertrophy and hyperplasia of BAT, vascularization, innervation and blood flow, processes that are all associated with BAT recruitment when thermogenic activity is enhanced. Additionally, BAT can release regulatory molecules that act on other tissues and organs. This secretory capacity of BAT is thought to be involved in the beneficial effects of BAT transplantation in rodents. Fibroblast growth factor 21, IL-6 and neuregulin 4 are among the first BAT-derived endocrine factors to be identified. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the regulatory molecules (the so-called brown adipokines or batokines) that are released by BAT that influence systemic metabolism and convey the beneficial metabolic effects of BAT activation. The identification of such adipokines might also direct drug discovery approaches for managing obesity and its associated chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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42
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Darcy J, McFadden S, Fang Y, Huber JA, Zhang C, Sun LY, Bartke A. Brown Adipose Tissue Function Is Enhanced in Long-Lived, Male Ames Dwarf Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4744-4753. [PMID: 27740871 PMCID: PMC5133358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice (Prop1df/df) are long-lived due to a loss of function mutation, resulting in deficiency of GH, TSH, and prolactin. Along with a marked extension of longevity, Ames dwarf mice have improved energy metabolism as measured by an increase in their oxygen consumption and heat production, as well as a decrease in their respiratory quotient. Along with alterations in energy metabolism, Ames dwarf mice have a lower core body temperature. Moreover, Ames dwarf mice have functionally altered epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) that improves, rather than impairs, their insulin sensitivity due to a shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Given the unique phenotype of Ames dwarf epididymal WAT, their improved energy metabolism, and lower core body temperature, we hypothesized that Ames dwarf brown adipose tissue (BAT) may function differently from that of their normal littermates. Here we use histology and RT-PCR to demonstrate that Ames dwarf mice have enhanced BAT function. We also use interscapular BAT removal to demonstrate that BAT is necessary for Ames dwarf energy metabolism and thermogenesis, whereas it is less important for their normal littermates. Furthermore, we show that Ames dwarf mice are able to compensate for loss of interscapular BAT by using their WAT depots as an energy source. These findings demonstrate enhanced BAT function in animals with GH and thyroid hormone deficiencies, chronic reduction of body temperature, and remarkably extended longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Samuel McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Joshua A Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Liou Y Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.D., S.M., Y.F., J.A.H., C.Z., A.B.), Geriatric Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology (J.D., A.B.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (C.Z.), Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China; and Department of Biology (L.Y.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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43
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Thoonen R, Hindle AG, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Brown adipose tissue: The heat is on the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1592-605. [PMID: 27084389 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00698.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained significant scientific interest since the discovery of functional BAT in adult humans. The thermogenic properties of BAT are well recognized; however, data generated in the last decade in both rodents and humans reveal therapeutic potential for BAT against metabolic disorders and obesity. Here we review the current literature in light of a potential role for BAT in beneficially mediating cardiovascular health. We focus mainly on BAT's actions in obesity, vascular tone, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the recently discovered endocrine factors that have a potential beneficial role in cardiovascular health. These BAT-secreted factors may have a favorable effect against cardiovascular risk either through their metabolic role or by directly affecting the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Thoonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Calderon-Dominguez M, Mir JF, Fucho R, Weber M, Serra D, Herrero L. Fatty acid metabolism and the basis of brown adipose tissue function. Adipocyte 2016; 5:98-118. [PMID: 27386151 PMCID: PMC4916887 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, leading to severe associated pathologies such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue has become crucial due to its involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and traditionally white adipose tissue has captured the most attention. However in the last decade the presence and activity of heat-generating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has been rediscovered. BAT decreases with age and in obese and diabetic patients. It has thus attracted strong scientific interest, and any strategy to increase its mass or activity might lead to new therapeutic approaches to obesity and associated metabolic diseases. In this review we highlight the mechanisms of fatty acid uptake, trafficking and oxidation in brown fat thermogenesis. We focus on BAT's morphological and functional characteristics and fatty acid synthesis, storage, oxidation and use as a source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan F. Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fucho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minéia Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Tang M, Huang C, Wang YF, Ren PG, Chen L, Xiao TX, Wang BB, Pan YF, Tsang BK, Zabel BA, Ma BH, Zhao HY, Zhang JV. CMKLR1 deficiency maintains ovarian steroid production in mice treated chronically with dihydrotestosterone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21328. [PMID: 26893072 PMCID: PMC4759558 DOI: 10.1038/srep21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum chemerin levels correlate with increased severity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the role of CMKLR1 signaling in ovarian biology under conditions of excess DHT remains unclear. In this study we compared the effects of continuous 90-day high dose DHT exposure (83.3 □g/day) on wild type and CMKLR1-deficient mice. DHT induced PCOS-like clinical signs in wild type mice as well as significant changes in the expression of hormone receptors, steroid synthesis enzymes, and BMPs and their receptors. In contrast, CMKLR1-deficient mice significantly attenuated DHT-induced clinical signs of PCOS and alterations in ovarian gene expression. To determine whether the BMP4 signaling pathway was involved in the pathogenic effects of CMKLR1 signaling in DHT-induced ovarian steroidogenesis, antral follicles were isolated from wild type and CMKLR1 knockout (KO) mice and treated in vitro with combinations of hCG, DHT, and BMP4 inhibitors. BMP4 inhibition attenuated the induction effects of hCG and DHT on estrogen and progesterone secretion in CMKLR1 KO mice, but not in WT mice, implicating the BMP4 signaling pathway in the CMKLR1-dependent response to DHT. In conclusion, CMKLR1 gene deletion attenuates the effects of chronic DHT treatment on ovarian function in experimental PCOS, likely via BMP4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Sci-Tech University of A&F, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.,Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, An-Hui, He-Fei, 230026, China
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Chen
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Xia Xiao
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bao-Bei Wang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan-Fei Pan
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular &Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa; Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bao-Hua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Sci-Tech University of A&F, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Sci-Tech University of A&F, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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46
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Gunawardana SC, Piston DW. Insulin-independent reversal of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice with brown adipose tissue transplant. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E1043-55. [PMID: 25898954 PMCID: PMC4469812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00570.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) involve insulin replacement or islet/pancreas transplantation and have numerous limitations. Our previous work demonstrated the ability of embryonic brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplants to establish normoglycemia without insulin in chemically induced models of insulin-deficient diabetes. The current study sought to extend the technique to an autoimmune-mediated T1D model and document the underlying mechanisms. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, BAT transplants result in complete reversal of T1D associated with rapid and long-lasting euglycemia. In addition, BAT transplants placed prior to the onset of diabetes on NOD mice can prevent or significantly delay the onset of diabetes. As with streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic models, euglycemia is independent of insulin and strongly correlates with decrease of inflammation and increase of adipokines. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the first hormone to increase following BAT transplants. Adipose tissue of transplant recipients consistently express IGF-I compared with little or no expression in controls, and plasma IGF-I levels show a direct negative correlation with glucose, glucagon, and inflammatory cytokines. Adipogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of IGF-I may stimulate regeneration of new healthy white adipose tissue, which in turn secretes hypoglycemic adipokines that substitute for insulin. IGF-I can also directly decrease blood glucose through activating insulin receptor. These data demonstrate the potential for insulin-independent reversal of autoimmune-induced T1D with BAT transplants and implicate IGF-I as a likely mediator in the resulting equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra C Gunawardana
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Wang GX, Zhao XY, Lin JD. The brown fat secretome: metabolic functions beyond thermogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:231-7. [PMID: 25843910 PMCID: PMC4417028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown fat is highly active in fuel oxidation and dissipates chemical energy through uncoupling protein (UCP)1-mediated heat production. Activation of brown fat leads to increased energy expenditure, reduced adiposity, and lower plasma glucose and lipid levels, thus contributing to better homeostasis. Uncoupled respiration and thermogenesis have been considered to be responsible for the metabolic benefits of brown adipose tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated that brown adipocytes also secrete factors that act locally and systemically to influence fuel and energy metabolism. This review discusses the evidence supporting a thermogenesis-independent role of brown fat, particularly through its release of secreted factors, and their implications in physiology and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiao Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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48
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Models and mechanisms for hippocampal dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Neuroscience 2015; 309:125-39. [PMID: 25934036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that obesity and Type 2 (insulin-resistant) diabetes impair the structural integrity of medial temporal lobe regions involved in memory and confer greater vulnerability to neurological insults. While eliminating obesity and its endocrine comorbidities would be the most straightforward way to minimize cognitive risk, structural barriers to physical activity and the widespread availability of calorically dense, highly palatable foods will likely necessitate additional strategies to maintain brain health over the lifespan. Research in rodents has identified numerous correlates of hippocampal functional impairment in obesity and diabetes, with several studies demonstrating causality in subsequent mechanistic studies. This review highlights recent work on pathways and cell-cell interactions underlying the synaptic consequences of obesity, diabetes, or in models with both pathological conditions. Although the mechanisms vary across different animal models, immune activation has emerged as a shared feature of obesity and diabetes, with synergistic exacerbation of neuroinflammation in model systems with both conditions. This review discusses these findings with reference to the benefits of incorporating existing models from the fields of obesity and metabolic disease. Many transgenic lines with basal metabolic alterations or differential susceptibility to diet-induced obesity have yet to be characterized with respect to their cognitive and synaptic phenotype. Adopting these models, and building on the extensive knowledge base used to generate them, is a promising avenue for understanding interactions between peripheral disease states and neurodegenerative disorders.
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49
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the site of sympathetically activated adaptive thermogenesis during cold exposure and after hyperphagia, thereby controlling whole-body energy expenditure (EE) and body fat. BAT thermogenesis is primarily dependent on the energy-dissipating activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). There are two types of UCP1-expressing adipocyte, classical brown and beige/brite adipocytes. Recent radionuclide studies have demonstrated the existence of metabolically active BAT composed of mainly beige/brite adipocytes in adult humans. Human BAT is activated by acute cold exposure, being positively correlated to cold-induced increases in EE. The inverse relationship between the BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its energy-dissipating activity, is protective against body fat accumulation. In fact, either repeated cold exposure or daily ingestion of some food ingredients acting on transient receptor potential channels recruited BAT in association with increased EE and decreased body fat. Moreover, possible contribution of BAT to glucose tolerance has been suggested. In addition to the sympathetic nervous system, some endocrine factors also have potential for activation/recruitment of BAT. Thus, BAT is a promising therapeutic target for combating human obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
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Pfeifer A, Hoffmann LS. Brown, beige, and white: the new color code of fat and its pharmacological implications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:207-27. [PMID: 25149919 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was previously regarded as a special type of fat relevant only for defending hibernating animals and newborns against a cold environment. Recently, BAT has received considerable attention following its (re)discovery in humans. Using glucose tracers, multiple laboratories independently found metabolically active BAT in adults. The enormous metabolic powers of BAT in animal models could make it an attractive target for antiobesity therapies in humans. Here, we review the present knowledge on the role of BAT in energy homeostasis and metabolism, focusing on signaling pathways and potential targets for novel therapeutics. We also shine light on ongoing debates, including those about the true color of brown fat in adults, as well as on the requirements for translation of basic research on BAT into clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
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