1
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Dembitsky VM. Fascinating Furanosteroids and Their Pharmacological Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:5669. [PMID: 37570639 PMCID: PMC10419491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article delves into the realm of furanosteroids and related isoprenoid lipids derived from diverse terrestrial and marine sources, exploring their wide array of biological activities and potential pharmacological applications. Fungi, fungal endophytes, plants, and various marine organisms, including sponges, corals, molluscs, and other invertebrates, have proven to be abundant reservoirs of these compounds. The biological activities exhibited by furanosteroids and related lipids encompass anticancer, cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines, antiviral, and antifungal effects. Notably, the discovery of exceptional compounds such as nakiterpiosin, malabaricol, dysideasterols, and cortistatins has revealed their potent anti-tuberculosis, antibacterial, and anti-hepatitis C attributes. These compounds also exhibit activity in inhibiting protein kinase C, phospholipase A2, and eliciting cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This comprehensive study emphasizes the significance of furanosteroids and related lipids as valuable natural products with promising therapeutic potential. The remarkable biodiversity found in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems offers an extensive resource for unearthing novel biologically active compounds, paving the way for future drug development and advancements in biomedical research. This review presents a compilation of data obtained from various studies conducted by different authors who employed the PASS software 9.1 to evaluate the biological activity of natural furanosteroids and compounds closely related to them. The utilization of the PASS software in this context offers valuable advantages, such as screening large chemical libraries, identifying compounds for subsequent experimental investigations, and gaining insights into potential biological activities based on their structural features. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that experimental validation remains indispensable for confirming the predicted activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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Elfstrand M, Chen J, Cleary M, Halecker S, Ihrmark K, Karlsson M, Davydenko K, Stenlid J, Stadler M, Durling MB. Comparative analyses of the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Hymenoscyphus albidus genomes reveals potentially adaptive differences in secondary metabolite and transposable element repertoires. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:503. [PMID: 34217229 PMCID: PMC8254937 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dieback epidemic decimating common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe is caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In this study we analyzed the genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus, its native but, now essentially displaced, non-pathogenic sister species, and compared them with several other members of Helotiales. The focus of the analyses was to identify signals in the genome that may explain the rapid establishment of H. fraxineus and displacement of H. albidus. Results The genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus showed a high level of synteny and identity. The assembly of H. fraxineus is 13 Mb longer than that of H. albidus’, most of this difference can be attributed to higher dispersed repeat content (i.e. transposable elements [TEs]) in H. fraxineus. In general, TE families in H. fraxineus showed more signals of repeat-induced point mutations (RIP) than in H. albidus, especially in Long-terminal repeat (LTR)/Copia and LTR/Gypsy elements. Comparing gene family expansions and 1:1 orthologs, relatively few genes show signs of positive selection between species. However, several of those did appeared to be associated with secondary metabolite genes families, including gene families containing two of the genes in the H. fraxineus-specific, hymenosetin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Conclusion The genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus show a high degree of synteny, and are rich in both TEs and BGCs, but the genomic signatures also indicated that H. albidus may be less well equipped to adapt and maintain its ecological niche in a rapidly changing environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07837-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Elfstrand
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity group, MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sandra Halecker
- Dept. Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katarina Ihrmark
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ukrainian research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, 62458, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc Stadler
- Dept. Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Six new degraded steroids including an unprecedented 4-methyl-androstane with oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety from Nodulisporium sp. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Senapati BK. Recent progress in the synthesis of the furanosteroid family of natural products. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01454k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on an overview of recent advances in the synthesis of furanosteroids and illustrates their applications in medicinal chemistry over the period of 2005–present.
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5
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Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-nodulisporiviridin E was achieved in 16 steps. This convergent approach provides an advanced Michael acceptor, which might facilitate the preparation of various analogues and derivatives for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Yingbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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6
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Masi M, Di Lecce R, Tuzi A, Linaldeddu BT, Montecchio L, Maddau L, Evidente A. Hyfraxinic Acid, a Phytotoxic Tetrasubstituted Octanoic Acid, Produced by the Ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) Pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Together with Viridiol and Some of Its Analogues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13617-13623. [PMID: 31661270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new tetrasubstituted octanoic acid, named hyfraxinic acid (1), was isolated together with known 1-deoxyviridiol (2), viridiol (3), nodulisporiviridin M (4), and demethoxyviridiol (5) from the organic extract of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus responsible for ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback in Europe. Hyfraxinic acid (1) was characterized, using spectroscopic methods, as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-methyleneoctanoic acid. Furthermore, the advanced Mosher method was used to determine the absolute configuration (3R) of 1-deoxyviridiol. Nodulisporiviridin M (4) was isolated for the first time from H. fraxineus. The phytotoxicity of each compound was tested by a leaf puncture assay on Celtis australis L., Quercus suber L., Hedera elix L., Juglans regia L., and Fraxinus angustifolia L. leaves. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited remarkable phytotoxicity on all plants tested, inducing necrotic lesions at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 mg/mL, while compounds 2 and 4 were found to be inactive in this bioassay. These results could contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenicity of H. fraxineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Roberta Di Lecce
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Benedetto Teodoro Linaldeddu
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali , Università di Padova , Viale dell'Università 16 , 35020 Legnaro , Italy
| | - Lucio Montecchio
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali , Università di Padova , Viale dell'Università 16 , 35020 Legnaro , Italy
| | - Lucia Maddau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , Viale Italia 39 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
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7
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Surup F, Halecker S, Nimtz M, Rodrigo S, Schulz B, Steinert M, Stadler M. Hyfraxins A and B, cytotoxic ergostane-type steroid and lanostane triterpenoid glycosides from the invasive ash dieback ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Steroids 2018; 135:92-97. [PMID: 29580870 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A virulent culture of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback, was investigated for its production of secondary metabolites in a 70 L batch fermentation. Chemical analysis of the mycelial extract by means of flash chromatography and preparative HPLC led to the isolation of a new ergostane-type steroid (1) and a new related lanostane triterpenoid (2), both revealing the same glycosylation pattern. While their planar structures were elucidated by HR-ESIMS and NMR data, relative stereochemistry was assigned by ROESY correlations in conjunction with H,H and C,H coupling constants. Absolute configuration was determined based on ROESY correlations between the aglycons and the sugar moieties, which were identified in both cases as d-mannose by GC/MS analysis of the trimethylsilylated derivatives. The isolated compounds, for which we propose the trivial names hyfraxins A (1) and B (2), were found to be cytotoxic against the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and exhibited moderate to weak activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Halecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Cellular Proteome Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Rodrigo
- Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Barbara Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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8
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Biosynthetic pathway for furanosteroid demethoxyviridin and identification of an unusual pregnane side-chain cleavage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1838. [PMID: 29743477 PMCID: PMC5943271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Furanosteroids, represented by wortmannin, viridin, and demethoxyviridin, are a special group of fungal-derived, highly oxygenated steroids featured by an extra furan ring. They are well-known nanomolar-potency inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and widely used in biological studies. Despite their importance, the biosyntheses of these molecules are poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for demethoxyviridin, consisting of 19 genes, and among them 15 biosynthetic genes, including six cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes, are deleted. As a result, 14 biosynthetic intermediates are isolated, and the biosynthetic pathway for demethoxyviridin is elucidated. Notably, the pregnane side-chain cleavage requires three enzymes: flavin-dependent Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, esterase, and dehydrogenase, in sharp contrast to the single cytochrome P450-mediated process in mammalian cells. Structure–activity analyses of these obtained biosynthetic intermediates reveal that the 3-keto group, the C1β–OH, and the aromatic ring C are important for the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Demethoxyviridin is a fungal steroid that inhibits a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, an enzyme contributing to tumor progression. Here, the authors elucidate the biosynthetic route that leads to the formation of demethoxyviridin in fungi.
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9
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Secovironolide, a novel furanosteroid scaffold with a five-membered B ring from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces wortmannii LGT-4. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Kowalski T, Bilański P, Holdenrieder O. Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141592. [PMID: 26517266 PMCID: PMC4627758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is currently battling an onslaught of ash dieback, a disease emerging in the greater part of its native area, brought about by the introduction of the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus). The closely-related fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus, which is indigenous to Europe, is non-pathogenic when in contact with F. excelsior, but could pose a potential risk to exotic Fraxinus species. The North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is planted widely throughout Europe and regenerates naturally within this environment but little is known about the susceptibility of this species to ash dieback. We performed wound inoculations with both fungi (nine strains of H. fraxineus and three strains of H. albidus) on rachises and stems of F. excelsior and F. pennsylvanica under field conditions in Southern Poland. Necrosis formation was evaluated after two months on the rachises and after 12 months on the stems. After inoculation of H. albidus, only small lesions (of up to 1.3 cm in length) developed on the F. excelsior and F. pennsylvanica rachises, but with no significant distinction from the controls. Hymenoscyphus albidus did not cause necrotic lesions on the stems of either Fraxinus species. In contrast, H. fraxineus induced necroses on all inoculated rachises of both ash species with mean lengths of 8.4 cm (F. excelsior) and 1.9 cm (F. pennsylvanica). Necroses also developed on all of the inoculated F. excelsior stems (mean length 18.0 cm), whereas on F. pennsylvanica such lesions only occurred on about 5% of the stems (mean length 1.9 cm). The differences between strains were negligible. No necroses were observed on the control plants. Reisolations of H. albidus were only successful in around 8–11% of the cases, while H. fraxineus was reisolated from 50–70% of the inoculated organs showing necrotic lesions. None of the Hymenoscyphus species were isolated from the control plants. Our data confirm H. fraxineus’ high virulence with regards to F. excelsior and demonstrate a low virulence in relation to F. pennsylvanica under field conditions in Poland. Hymenoscyphus albidus did not express any perceivable pathogenicity on both host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Kowalski
- Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Entomology and Climatology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ottmar Holdenrieder
- Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Zhao Q, Chen GD, Feng XL, Yu Y, He RR, Li XX, Huang Y, Zhou WX, Guo LD, Zheng YZ, Yao XS, Gao H. Nodulisporiviridins A-H, Bioactive Viridins from Nodulisporium sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1221-1230. [PMID: 25978520 DOI: 10.1021/np500912t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eight new viridins, nodulisporiviridins A-H (1-8), were isolated from the extract of an endolichenic fungal strain Nodulisporium sp. (No. 65-17-2-1) that was fermented with potato-dextrose broth. The structures were determined using spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Nodulisporiviridins A-D (1-4) are unique viridins with an opened ring A. The Aβ42 aggregation inhibitory activities of 1-8 were evaluated using a thioflavin T (ThT) assay with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control (EGCG IC50 of 0.5 μM). Nodulisporiviridin G (7) displayed potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM, and the preliminary trend of activity of these viridins as Aβ42 aggregation inhibitors was proposed. The short-term memory assay on an Aβ transgenic drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease showed that all eight compounds improved the short-term memory capacity, with potencies close to that of the positive control (memantine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Feng
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xia Zhou
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- §State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zheng
- ⊥Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- †Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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Cleary MR, Andersson PF, Broberg A, Elfstrand M, Daniel G, Stenlid J. Genotypes of Fraxinus excelsior with different susceptibility to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus and their response to the phytotoxin viridiol - a metabolomic and microscopic study. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:115-25. [PMID: 24709032 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Eight European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) genotypes with different known susceptibility to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus were tested against the phytotoxin viridiol and their response described at the microscopic and metabolomic level. All ash genotypes were sensitive to the toxin and necrosis was detectable after 24h. Among the three viridiol concentrations used in the experiment, the lowest concentration (14.7μM) yielded markedly lower mean damage scores compared to those resulting from seedlings tested at higher dosages. The highest damage scores were associated with the susceptible ash clones S-101, S-106 and S-125, but also with resistant clone R-104. Three resistant clones (R-131, R-121, and R-118) had lower mean damage scores compared to susceptible clones. Wilting of leaves was more common 48h after treatment and more pronounced on seedlings with high damage scores. The resulting lesions generally lacked browning of tissue and displayed only surface disruption of cells in direct contact with the toxin. A delay in symptom development was evident on all five resistant clones tested with the two higher concentrations of viridiol. LC-HRMS and MS/MS analyses of ash seedling extracts suggest several secoiridoid compounds as well as compounds related to abscisic acid (ABA) to be produced in response to viridiol. ABA-cysteine and xanthoxin were found at significantly higher concentrations in susceptible clones compared to resistant clones after treatment with viridiol, suggesting a primary role of ABA in response to stress. The results observed in this study suggest that genetic resistance to H. pseudoalbidus among ash genotypes may be explained, in part, by the varied response to phytotoxins produced by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Cleary
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, PO Box 7026, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P F Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, PO Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Broberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, PO Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Elfstrand
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, PO Box 7026, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Daniel
- Department of Forest Products, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9C, PO Box 7008, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, PO Box 7026, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Citron CA, Junker C, Schulz B, Dickschat JS. Ein flüchtiges Lacton ausHymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, dem Pathogen der Europäischen Esche, inhibiert die Keimung seines Wirtes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Citron CA, Junker C, Schulz B, Dickschat JS. A volatile lactone of Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, pathogen of European ash dieback, inhibits host germination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4346-9. [PMID: 24644234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The largely unknown secondary metabolism of the plant pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus was investigated by use of the CLSA method. A set of volatile lactones was identified by GC/MS. The lactones were synthesized and used in bioassays in which one of the compounds was found to be a strong germination inhibitor for ash seeds, causing necroses in the plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Citron
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universtität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany)
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Gross A, Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M, Queloz V, Sieber TN. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, the causal agent of European ash dieback. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:5-21. [PMID: 24118686 PMCID: PMC6638674 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ascomycete Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) causes a lethal disease known as ash dieback on Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus angustifolia in Europe. The pathogen was probably introduced from East Asia and the disease emerged in Poland in the early 1990s; the subsequent epidemic is spreading to the entire native distribution range of the host trees. This pathogen profile represents a comprehensive review of the state of research from the discovery of the pathogen and points out knowledge gaps and research needs. TAXONOMY Members of the genus Hymenoscyphus (Helotiales, Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) are small discomycetes which form their ascomata on dead plant material. A phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of the rDNA indicated the avirulent Hymenoscyphus albidus, a species native to Europe, as the closest relative of H. pseudoalbidus. SYMPTOMS Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus causes necrotic lesions on leaves, twigs and stems, eventually leading to wilting and dieback of girdled shoots. Bark lesions are characterized by a typical dark- to cinnamon-brown discoloration. LIFE CYCLE Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus is heterothallic and reproduces sexually on ash petioles in the litter once a year. Ascospores are wind dispersed and infect ash leaves during the summer. The asexual spores only serve as spermatia. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES The most important techniques for fungal handling, such as detection, isolation, culturing, storage, crossing and ascocarp production, are briefly described. MANAGEMENT Once the disease is established, management is hardly possible. The occurrence of a small fraction of partially tolerant trees constitutes hope for resistance breeding in the future. Healthy-looking trees should be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrin Gross
- Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Andersson PF, Broberg A, Lundberg D. The furan-osteroid viridiol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o467-8. [PMID: 23634026 PMCID: PMC3629508 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813005606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C20H18O6 (systematic name: 1β,3β-dihy-droxy-2β-meth-oxyfuro[4',3',2':4,5,6]-18-norandrosta-8,11,13-triene-7,17-dione), a dihydro derivative of the fungal steroid viridin, contains two mol-ecules with similar conformations. The rings bearing the hy-droxy groups adopt boat conformations. The absolute structure was assigned based on the known chirality of a precursor compound. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network and weak C-H⋯O inter-actions consolidate the packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre F. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala BioCenter, P.O. Box 7015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala BioCenter, P.O. Box 7015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala BioCenter, P.O. Box 7015, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden,Correspondence e-mail:
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