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Ratchatasunthorn A, Sakagami H, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W, Chomphoo S. Temporal involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase γ in differentiation of Z-bands and myofilament bundles as well as intercalated discs in mouse heart at mid-gestation. J Anat 2024; 244:1030-1039. [PMID: 38275211 PMCID: PMC11095301 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the occurrence of serious heart failure in a gene knockout mouse of PIP5Kγ and in congenital abnormal cases in humans in which the gene was defective as reported by others, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kγ in the heart during prenatal stages. It was done on the basis of the supposition that phenotypes caused by gene mutation of a given molecule are owed to the functional deterioration of selective cellular sites normally expressing it at significantly higher levels in wild mice. PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was the highest in the heart at E10 in contrast to almost non-significant levels of the immunoreactivity in surrounding organs and tissues such as liver. The immunoreactivity gradually weakened in the heart with the prenatal age, and it was at non-significant levels at newborn and postnatal stages. Six patterns in localization of distinct immunoreactivity for PIP5Kγ were recognized in cardiomyocytes: (1) its localization on the plasma membranes and subjacent cytoplasm without association with short myofibrils and (2) its localization on them as well as short myofibrils in association with them in cardiomyocytes of early differentiation at E10; (3) its spot-like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10; (4) rare occurrences of such spot-like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E14; (5) its localization at Z-bands of long myofibrils; and (6) its localization at intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10 and E14, especially dominant at the latter stage. No distinct localization of PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity of any patterns was seen in the heart at E18 and P1D. The present finding suggests that sites of PIP5Kγ-appearance and probably of its high activity in cardiomyocytes are shifted from the plasma membranes through short myofibrils subjacent to the plasma membranes and long myofibrils, to Z-bands as well as to the intercalated discs during the mid-term gestation. It is further suggested that PIP5Kγ is involved in the differentiation of myofibrils as well as intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs at later stages of the mid-term gestation. Failures in its involvement in the differentiation of these structural components are thus likely to cause the mid-term gestation lethality of the mutant mice for PIP5Kγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ratchatasunthorn
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - H Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - H Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - W Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - S Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Hippo pathway regulation by phosphatidylinositol transfer protein and phosphoinositides. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1076-1086. [PMID: 35788180 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a key role in development, organ size control and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer. The LATS tumor suppressor kinases phosphorylate and inhibit the YAP/TAZ transcriptional co-activators to suppress gene expression and cell growth. Through a screen of marine natural products, we identified microcolin B (MCB) as a Hippo activator that preferentially kills YAP-dependent cancer cells. Structure-activity optimization yielded more potent MCB analogs, which led to the identification of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins α and β (PITPα/β) as the direct molecular targets. We established a critical role of PITPα/β in regulating LATS and YAP. Moreover, we showed that PITPα/β influence the Hippo pathway via plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of PITPα/β in Hippo pathway regulation and as potential cancer therapeutic targets.
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Transcriptome analysis of Kentucky bluegrass subject to drought and ethephon treatment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261472. [PMID: 34914788 PMCID: PMC8675742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an excellent cool-season turfgrass utilized widely in Northern China. However, turf quality of Kentucky bluegrass declines significantly due to drought. Ethephon seeds-soaking treatment has been proved to effectively improve the drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass seedlings. In order to investigate the effect of ethephon leaf-spraying method on drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass and understand the underlying mechanism, Kentucky bluegrass plants sprayed with and without ethephon are subjected to either drought or well watered treatments. The relative water content and malondialdehyde conent were measured. Meanwhile, samples were sequenced through Illumina. Results showed that ethephon could improve the drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass by elevating relative water content and decreasing malondialdehyde content under drought. Transcriptome analysis showed that 58.43% transcripts (254,331 out of 435,250) were detected as unigenes. A total of 9.69% (24,643 out of 254,331) unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes in one or more of the pairwise comparisons. Differentially expressed genes due to drought stress with or without ethephon pre-treatment showed that ethephon application affected genes associated with plant hormone, signal transduction pathway and plant defense, protein degradation and stabilization, transportation and osmosis, antioxidant system and the glyoxalase pathway, cell wall and cuticular wax, fatty acid unsaturation and photosynthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism for how ethephon regulates drought response and improves drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass.
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Chomphoo S, Sakagami H, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Localization of PIP5Kγ selectively in proprioceptive peripheral fields and also in sensory ganglionic satellite cells as well as neuronal cell membranes and their central terminals. J Anat 2021; 239:1196-1206. [PMID: 34151437 PMCID: PMC8546504 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a previous study by others reporting that PIP5Kγ (phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase γ) and its product, phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2 ), are involved in the regulation of nociception, the present immunohistochemical study examined the localization of PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their peripheral and central terminal fields. PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was localized for the first time in the muscle spindles, in which it was found in I-bands of polar regions of intrafusal muscle fibers and also in sensory nerve terminals abutting on equatorial regions of the muscle fibers. This finding indicates the involvement of PIP5Kγ in the proprioception and suggests somehow complicated mechanisms of its involvement because of its heterogeneous localization in intra-I-band structures. In DRG, on the other hand, PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was shown to be localized heterogeneously, but not evenly, over apposed plasma membranes of both neurons and ganglionic satellite cells in immune electron microscopy. In addition, no peripheral nerve terminals of DRG showing its distinct immunoreactivity were found in most peripheral fields of nociception and any other sensory perception except for the proprioception through muscle spindles. In contrast, numerous central terminals of DRG in the spinal posterior horn were immunoreactive for it. This finding leads us to consider the possibility that the regulation by PIP5Kγ of nociception is dominantly exerted in DRG and sensory neural tracts central, rather than peripheral, to DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy UnitDepartment of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of AnatomySchool of MedicineKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy UnitDepartment of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
- Department of AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy UnitDepartment of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
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Daear W, Mundle R, Sule K, Prenner EJ. The degree and position of phosphorylation determine the impact of toxic and trace metals on phosphoinositide containing model membranes. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100021. [PMID: 37082006 PMCID: PMC10074965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work assessed effects of metal binding on membrane fluidity, liposome size, and lateral organization in biomimetic membranes composed of 1 mol% of selected phosphorylated phosphoinositides in each system. Representative examples of phosphoinositide phosphate, bisphosphate and triphosphate were investigated. These include phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate, an important signaling lipid constituting a minor component in plasma membranes whereas phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate clusters support the propagation of secondary messengers in numerous signaling pathways. The high negative charge of phosphoinositides facilitates electrostatic interactions with metals. Lipids are increasingly identified as toxicological targets for divalent metals, which potentially alter lipid packing and domain formation. Exposure to heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium or elevated levels of essential metals, like cobalt, nickel, and manganese, implicated with various toxic effects were investigated. Phosphatidylinositol-(4)-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate containing membranes are rigidified by lead, cobalt, and manganese whilst cadmium and nickel enhanced fluidity of membranes containing phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate. Only cobalt induced liposome aggregation. All metals enhanced lipid clustering in phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate systems, cobalt in phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate systems, while all metals showed limited changes in lateral film organization in phosphatidylinositol-(4)-phosphate matrices. These observed changes are relevant from the biophysical perspective as interference with the spatiotemporal formation of intricate domains composed of important signaling lipids may contribute to metal toxicity.
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Liu A, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Lam HM, Chye ML. Galactolipid and Phospholipid Profile and Proteome Alterations in Soybean Leaves at the Onset of Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644408. [PMID: 33815451 PMCID: PMC8010258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major environmental factor that constrains soybean yield and grain quality. Given our past observations using the salt-sensitive soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) accession C08 on its early responses to salinity and salt-induced transcriptomic modifications, the aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile changes in this cultivar before and after short-term salt stress, and to explore the adaptive mechanisms underpinning lipid homeostasis. To this end, lipid profiling and proteomic analyses were performed on the leaves of soybean seedlings subjected to salt treatment for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h. Our results revealed that short-term salt stress caused dynamic lipid alterations resulting in recycling for both galactolipids and phospholipids. A comprehensive understanding of membrane lipid adaption following salt treatment was achieved by combining time-dependent lipidomic and proteomic data. Proteins involved in phosphoinositide synthesis and turnover were upregulated at the onset of salt treatment. Salinity-induced lipid recycling was shown to enhance jasmonic acid and phosphatidylinositol biosyntheses. Our study demonstrated that salt stress resulted in a remodeling of membrane lipid composition and an alteration in membrane lipids associated with lipid signaling and metabolism in C08 leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhixia Xiao
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Hon-Ming Lam,
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Mee-Len Chye,
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Sun A, Simsek Papur O, Dirkx E, Wong L, Sips T, Wang S, Strzelecka A, Nabben M, Glatz JFC, Neumann D, Luiken JJFP. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ mediates contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation and shows its anti-diabetic action in cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2839-2856. [PMID: 33090289 PMCID: PMC8004495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the diabetic heart, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake is increased at the expense of glucose uptake. This metabolic shift ultimately leads to insulin resistance and a reduced cardiac function. Therefore, signaling kinases that mediate glucose uptake without simultaneously stimulating LCFA uptake could be considered attractive anti-diabetic targets. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase-IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) is a lipid kinase downstream of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) that mediates Golgi-to-plasma membrane vesicular trafficking in HeLa-cells. In this study, we evaluated whether PI4KIIIβ is involved in myocellular GLUT4 translocation induced by contraction or oligomycin (an F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitor that activates contraction-like signaling). Pharmacological targeting, with compound MI14, or genetic silencing of PI4KIIIβ inhibited contraction/oligomycin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes but did not affect CD36 translocation nor LCFA uptake. Addition of the PI4KIIIβ enzymatic reaction product phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate restored oligomycin-stimulated glucose uptake in the presence of MI14. PI4KIIIβ activation by PKD1 involves Ser294 phosphorylation and altered its localization with unchanged enzymatic activity. Adenoviral PI4KIIIβ overexpression stimulated glucose uptake, but did not activate hypertrophic signaling, indicating that unlike PKD1, PI4KIIIβ is selectively involved in GLUT4 translocation. Finally, PI4KIIIβ overexpression prevented insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction in lipid-overexposed cardiomyocytes. Together, our studies identify PI4KIIIβ as positive and selective regulator of GLUT4 translocation in response to contraction-like signaling, suggesting PI4KIIIβ as a promising target to rescue defective glucose uptake in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - O Simsek Papur
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Dirkx
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Wong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Sips
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Strzelecka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nabben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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The type II phosphoinositide 4-kinase FgLsb6 is important for the development and virulence of Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103443. [PMID: 32800918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogenic fungus causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is a wheat disease with a worldwide prevalence. In eukaryotes, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), which participates in many physiological processes, is located primarily in different organelles, including the trans-Golgi network (TGN), plasma membrane and endosomes. Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are involved in regulating the production of PI4P in yeast, plants and mammalian cells. However, the role of these proteins in phytopathogenic fungi is not well understood. In this study, we characterized the type II PI4K protein FgLsb6 in F. graminearum, a homolog of Lsb6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike Lsb6, FgLsb6 localizes to the vacuoles and endosomes. The ΔFglsb6 mutant displayed defects in vegetative growth, deoxynivalenol (DON) production and pathogenicity. Furthermore, the ΔFglsb6 deletion mutant also exhibited increased resistance to osmotic, oxidative and cell wall stresses. Further analyses of the ΔFglsb6 mutant showed that it was defective in the generation of PI4P on endosomes and endocytosis. Collectively, our data suggest that the decreased vegetative growth and pathogenicity of ΔFglsb6 was due to the conservative roles of FgLsb6 in the generation of PI4P on endosomes and endocytosis.
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Mechanisms of Co, Ni, and Mn toxicity: From exposure and homeostasis to their interactions with and impact on lipids and biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Profilin is a ubiquitously expressed protein well known as a key regulator of actin polymerisation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in almost all cellular processes including motility, endocytosis, metabolism, signal transduction and gene transcription. Hence, profilin's role in the cell goes beyond its direct and essential function in regulating actin dynamics. This review will focus on the interactions of Profilin 1 and its ligands at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cells and the regulation of profilin activity within those cell compartments. We will discuss the interactions of profilin in cell signalling pathways and highlight the importance of the cell context in the multiple functions that this small essential protein has in conjunction with its role in cytoskeletal organisation and dynamics. We will review some of the mechanisms that control profilin expression and the implications of changed expression of profilin in the light of cancer biology and other pathologies.
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Xu C, Wan Z, Shaheen S, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu W. A PI(4,5)P2-derived "gasoline engine model" for the sustained B cell receptor activation. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:75-90. [PMID: 31402506 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently initiate activation responses against rare ligands in the microenvironment, lymphocytes employ sophisticated mechanisms involving signaling amplification. Recently, a signaling amplification mechanism initiated from phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4, 5-biphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] hydrolysis and synthesis for sustained B cell activation has been reported. Antigen and B cell receptor (BCR) recognition triggered the prompt reduction of PI(4,5)P2 density within the BCR microclusters, which led to the positive feedback for the synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 outside of the BCR microclusters. At single molecule level, the diffusion of PI(4,5)P2 was slow, allowing for the maintenance of a PI(4,5)P2 density gradient between the inside and outside of the BCR microclusters and the persistent supply of PI(4,5)P2 from outside to inside of the BCR microclusters. Here, we review studies that have contributed to uncovering the molecular mechanisms of PI(4,5)P2-derived signaling amplification model. Based on these studies, we proposed a "gasoline engine model" in which the activation of B cell signaling inside the microclusters is similar to the working principle of burning gasoline within the engine chamber of a gasoline engine. We also discuss the evidences showing the potential universality of this model and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Xu
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Samina Shaheen
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wanli Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Prieto JA, Estruch F, Córcoles-Sáez I, Del Poeta M, Rieger R, Stenzel I, Randez-Gil F. Pho85 and PI(4,5)P 2 regulate different lipid metabolic pathways in response to cold. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158557. [PMID: 31678512 PMCID: PMC7254492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis allows cells to adjust membrane biophysical properties in response to changes in environmental conditions. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a downward shift in temperature from an optimal reduces membrane fluidity, which triggers a lipid remodeling of the plasma membrane. How changes in membrane fluidity are perceived, and how the abundance and composition of different lipid classes is properly balanced, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], the most abundant plasma membrane phosphoinositide, drop rapidly in response to a downward shift in temperature. This change triggers a signaling cascade transmitted to cytosolic diphosphoinositol phosphate derivatives, among them 5-PP-IP4 and 1-IP7, that exert regulatory functions on genes involved in the inositol and phospholipids (PLs) metabolism, and inhibit the activity of the protein kinase Pho85. Consistent with this, cold exposure triggers a specific program of neutral lipids and PLs changes. Furthermore, we identified Pho85 as playing a key role in controlling the synthesis of long-chain bases (LCBs) via the Ypk1-Orm2 regulatory circuit. We conclude that Pho85 orchestrates a coordinated response of lipid metabolic pathways that ensure yeast thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Prieto
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Estruch
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Isaac Córcoles-Sáez
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert Rieger
- Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Francisca Randez-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Disruption of Membrane Integrity by the Bacterium-Derived Antifungal Jagaricin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00707-19. [PMID: 31235622 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00707-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Jagaricin is a lipopeptide produced by the bacterial mushroom pathogen Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum, the causative agent of mushroom soft rot disease. Apart from causing lesions in mushrooms, jagaricin is a potent antifungal active against human-pathogenic fungi. We show that jagaricin acts by impairing membrane integrity, resulting in a rapid flux of ions, including Ca2+, into susceptible target cells. Accordingly, the calcineurin pathway is required for jagaricin tolerance in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans Transcriptional profiling of pathogenic yeasts further revealed that jagaricin triggers cell wall strengthening, general shutdown of membrane potential-driven transport, and the upregulation of lipid transporters, linking cell envelope integrity to jagaricin action and resistance. Whereas jagaricin shows hemolytic effects, it exhibited either no or low plant toxicity at concentrations at which the growth of prevalent phytopathogenic fungi is inhibited. Therefore, jagaricin may have potential for agricultural applications. The action of jagaricin as a membrane-disrupting antifungal is promising but would require modifications for use in humans.
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Zahumensky J, Malinsky J. Role of MCC/Eisosome in Fungal Lipid Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E305. [PMID: 31349700 PMCID: PMC6723945 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the best characterized fungal membrane microdomains is the MCC/eisosome. The MCC (membrane compartment of Can1) is an evolutionarily conserved ergosterol-rich plasma membrane domain. It is stabilized on its cytosolic face by the eisosome, a hemitubular protein complex composed of Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain-containing Pil1 and Lsp1. These two proteins bind directly to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and promote the typical furrow-like shape of the microdomain, with highly curved edges and bottom. While some proteins display stable localization in the MCC/eisosome, others enter or leave it under particular conditions, such as misbalance in membrane lipid composition, changes in membrane tension, or availability of specific nutrients. These findings reveal that the MCC/eisosome, a plasma membrane microdomain with distinct morphology and lipid composition, acts as a multifaceted regulator of various cellular processes including metabolic pathways, cellular morphogenesis, signalling cascades, and mRNA decay. In this minireview, we focus on the MCC/eisosome's proposed role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. While the molecular mechanisms of the MCC/eisosome function are not completely understood, the idea of intracellular processes being regulated at the plasma membrane, the foremost barrier exposed to environmental challenges, is truly exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Zahumensky
- Department of Microscopy, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malinsky
- Department of Microscopy, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Maraldi NM. In search of a primitive signaling code. Biosystems 2019; 183:103984. [PMID: 31201829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells must have preceded by simpler chemical systems (protocells) that had the capacity of a spontaneous self-assembly process and the ability to confine chemical reaction networks together with a form of information. The presence of lipid molecules in the early Earth conditions is sufficient to ensure the occurrence of spontaneous self-assembly processes, not defined by genetic information, but related to their chemical amphiphilic nature. Ribozymes are plausible molecules for early life, being the first small polynucleotides made up of random oligomers or formed by non-enzymatic template copying. Compartmentalization represents a strategy for the evolution of ribozymes; the attachment of ribozymes to surfaces, such as formed by lipid micellar aggregates may be particular relevant if the surface itself catalyzes RNA polymerization.It is conceivable that the transition from pre-biotic molecular aggregates to cellular life required the coevolution of the RNA world, capable of synthesizing specific, instead of statistical proteins, and of the Lipid world, with a transition from micellar aggregates to semipermeable vesicles. Small molecules available in the prebiotic inventory might promote RNA stability and the evolution of hydrophobic micellar aggregates into membrane-delimited vesicles. The transition from ribozymes catalyzing the assembly of statistical polypeptides to the synthesis of proteins, required the appearance of the genetic code; the transition from hydrophobic platforms favoring the stability of ribozymes and of nascent polypeptides to the selective transport of reagents through a membrane, required the appearance of the signal transduction code.A further integration between the RNA and Lipid worlds can be advanced, taking into account the emerging roles of phospholipid aggregates not only in ensuring stability to ribozymes by compartmentalization, but also in a crucial step of evolution through natural selection mechanisms, based on signal transduction pathways that convert environmental changes into biochemical responses that could vary according to the context. Here I present evidences on the presence of traces of the evolution of a signal transduction system in extant cells, which utilize a phosphoinositide signaling system located both at nucleoplasmic level as well as at the plasma membrane, based on the very same molecules but responding to different rules. The model herewith proposed is based on the following assumptions on the biomolecules of extant organisms: i) amphiphils can be converted into structured aggregates by hydrophobic forces thus giving rise to functional platforms for the interaction of other biomolecules and to their compartmentalization; ii) fundamental biochemical pathways, including protein synthesis, can be sustained by natural ribozymes of ancient origin; iii) ribozymes and nucleotide-derived coenzymes could have existed long before protein enzymes emerged; iv) signaling molecules, both derived from phospholipids and from RNAs could have guided the evolution of complex metabolic processes before the emergence of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir M Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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16
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Zhou DR, Eid R, Miller KA, Boucher E, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Intracellular second messengers mediate stress inducible hormesis and Programmed Cell Death: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:773-792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Sharma S, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya A. PtdIns(4,5)P 2 is generated by a novel phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase in the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica. FEBS J 2019; 286:2216-2234. [PMID: 30843363 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protist parasite that causes amoebiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Phosphoinositides are involved in signalling systems that have a role in invasion and pathogenesis of this parasite. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) catalyses the generation of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 ), a key species of phosphoinositide that regulates various cellular processes. However, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) family of enzymes have not been characterized in E. histolytica. Here, we report the identification and characterization of type I PIPK (EhPIPKI) of E. histolytica. Computational analysis revealed homologs of type I and III PIPK family in E. histolytica and the absence of type II PIPK. In spite of low overall sequence identity, the kinase domain was found to be highly conserved. Interestingly, a unique insertion of a tandem repeat motif was observed in EhPIPKI distinguishing it from existing PIPKs of other organisms. Substrate profiling showed that EhPIPKI could phosphorylate at third and fifth hydroxyl positions of phosphatidylinositols, though the predominant substrate was phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P). Furthermore, EhPIPKI underwent intracellular cleavage close to the amino-terminal, generating two distinct fragments Nter-EhPIPKI (27p) and Cter-EhPIPKI (47p). Immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation revealed that the full-length EhPIPKI and the Cter-EhPIPKI containing carboxyl-terminal activation loop were present in the plasma membrane while the Nter-EhPIPKI was observed in the cytosolic region. In conclusion, E. histolytica has a single EhPIPKI gene that displays novel properties of post-translational processing, the presence of a repeat domain and substrate specificity not observed in any PIPK enzyme so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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18
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PRUCHA M, SEDIVY P, STADLER P, ZDRAHAL P, MATOSKA V, STRNAD H. Gene Expression in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – More Than Immunological Mechanisms Involved. Physiol Res 2019; 68:385-394. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious condition of unclear pathogenesis and progression. Two samples were collected from 48 patients during AAA surgery. One sample was collected from the aneurysm, the other from the aneurysm proximal neck where the tissue did not exhibit any aneurysmal changes. Subsequently, gene expression profiles using microarrays (Illumina) were compared in RNA extracted from the samples. Overall, 2,185 genes were found to be upregulated and 2,100 downregulated; from which 158 genes had a different expression with FDR<0.05 (False Discovery Rate) and FC≥2 (Fold Change). Of this number, 115 genes were over-expressed and 43 under-expressed. The analysis of the gene list based on their biological pathways revealed that the regulation of inflammation was mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, the integrin signaling pathway, and T and B cell activation. Moreover, a change was identified in the expression of genes involved in both intercellular and intracellular signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M PRUCHA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P SEDIVY
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P STADLER
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P ZDRAHAL
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V MATOSKA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H STRNAD
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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The investigation of allosteric regulation mechanism of analgesic effect using SD rat taste bud tissue biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:815-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Defense and Response Mechanisms of Jatropha Curcas Seedling under Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010208. [PMID: 30626061 PMCID: PMC6337099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a promising energy plant for biodiesel, Jatropha curcas is a tropical and subtropical shrub and its growth is affected by one of major abiotic stress, chilling. Therefore, we adopt the phosphoproteomic analysis, physiological measurement and ultrastructure observation to illustrate the responsive mechanism of J. curcas seedling under chilling (4 °C) stress. After chilling for 6 h, 308 significantly changed phosphoproteins were detected. Prolonged the chilling treatment for 24 h, obvious physiological injury can be observed and a total of 332 phosphoproteins were examined to be significantly changed. After recovery (28 °C) for 24 h, 291 phosphoproteins were varied at the phosphorylation level. GO analysis showed that significantly changed phosphoproteins were mainly responsible for cellular protein modification process, transport, cellular component organization and signal transduction at the chilling and recovery periods. On the basis of protein-protein interaction network analysis, phosphorylation of several protein kinases, such as SnRK2, MEKK1, EDR1, CDPK, EIN2, EIN4, PI4K and 14-3-3 were possibly responsible for cross-talk between ABA, Ca2+, ethylene and phosphoinositide mediated signaling pathways. We also highlighted the phosphorylation of HOS1, APX and PIP2 might be associated with response to chilling stress in J. curcas seedling. These results will be valuable for further study from the molecular breeding perspective.
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21
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Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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22
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Xu C, Xie H, Guo X, Gong H, Liu L, Qi H, Xu C, Liu W. A PIP 2-derived amplification loop fuels the sustained initiation of B cell activation. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/17/eaan0787. [PMID: 29150438 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes have evolved sophisticated signaling amplification mechanisms to efficiently activate downstream signaling after detection of rare ligands in their microenvironment. B cell receptor microscopic clusters (BCR microclusters) are assembled on the plasma membrane and recruit signaling molecules for the initiation of lymphocyte signaling after antigen binding. We identified a signaling amplification loop derived from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) for the sustained B cell activation. Upon antigen recognition, PIP2 was depleted by phospholipase C-γ2 (PLC-γ2) within the BCR microclusters and was regenerated by phosphatidic acid-dependent type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase outside the BCR microclusters. The hydrolysis of PIP2 inside the BCR microclusters induced a positive feedback mechanism for its synthesis outside the BCR microclusters. The falling gradient of PIP2 across the boundary of BCR microclusters was important for the efficient formation of BCR microclusters. Our results identified a PIP2-derived amplification loop that fuels the sustained initiation of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hengyi Xie
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingdong Guo
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haipeng Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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23
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Del Bel LM, Griffiths N, Wilk R, Wei HC, Blagoveshchenskaya A, Burgess J, Polevoy G, Price JV, Mayinger P, Brill JA. The phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1 regulates cell shape and microtubule stability in the developing Drosophila eye. Development 2018; 145:dev.151571. [PMID: 29752385 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial patterning in the developing Drosophila melanogaster eye requires the Neph1 homolog Roughest (Rst), an immunoglobulin family cell surface adhesion molecule expressed in interommatidial cells (IOCs). Here, using a novel temperature-sensitive (ts) allele, we show that the phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1 is also required for IOC patterning. Sac1ts mutants have rough eyes and retinal patterning defects that resemble rst mutants. Sac1ts retinas exhibit elevated levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), consistent with the role of Sac1 as a PI4P phosphatase. Indeed, genetic rescue and interaction experiments reveal that restriction of PI4P levels by Sac1 is crucial for normal eye development. Rst is delivered to the cell surface in Sac1ts mutants. However, Sac1ts mutant IOCs exhibit severe defects in microtubule organization, associated with accumulation of Rst and the exocyst subunit Sec8 in enlarged intracellular vesicles upon cold fixation ex vivo Together, our data reveal a novel requirement for Sac1 in promoting microtubule stability and suggest that Rst trafficking occurs in a microtubule- and exocyst-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Del Bel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nigel Griffiths
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ronit Wilk
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ho-Chun Wei
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building Room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Anastasia Blagoveshchenskaya
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Jason Burgess
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gordon Polevoy
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James V Price
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building Room 8166, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Peter Mayinger
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL Building, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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24
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Liu YN, Lu XX, Ren A, Shi L, Zhu J, Jiang AL, Yu HS, Zhao MW. Conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI4-phosphate (PI4P) and then to PI(4,5)P 2 is essential for the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration under heat stress in Ganoderma lucidum. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2456-2468. [PMID: 29697195 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
How cells drive the phospholipid signal response to heat stress (HS) to maintain cellular homeostasis is a fundamental issue in biology, but the regulatory mechanism of this fundamental process is unclear. Previous quantitative analyses of lipids showed that phosphatidylinositol (PI) accumulates after HS in Ganoderma lucidum, implying the inositol phospholipid signal may be associated with HS signal transduction. Here, we found that the PI-4-kinase and PI-4-phosphate-5-kinase activities are activated and that their lipid products PI-4-phosphate and PI-4,5-bisphosphate are increased under HS. Further experimental results showed that the cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]c ) and ganoderic acid (GA) contents induced by HS were decreased when cells were pretreated with Li+ , an inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase, and this decrease could be rescued by PI and PI-4-phosphate. Furthermore, inhibition of PI-4-kinases resulted in a decrease in the Ca2+ and GA contents under HS that could be rescued by PI-4-phosphate but not PI. However, the decrease in the Ca2+ and GA contents by silencing of PI-4-phosphate-5-kinase could not be rescued by PI-4-phosphate. Taken together, our study reveals the essential role of the step converting PI to PI-4-phosphate and then to PI-4,5-bisphosphate in [Ca2+ ]c signalling and GA biosynthesis under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Shou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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25
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Del Bel LM, Brill JA. Sac1, a lipid phosphatase at the interface of vesicular and nonvesicular transport. Traffic 2018; 19:301-318. [PMID: 29411923 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lipid phosphatase Sac1 dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), thereby holding levels of this crucial membrane signaling molecule in check. Sac1 regulates multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal organization, membrane trafficking and cell signaling. Here, we review the structure and regulation of Sac1, its roles in cell signaling and development and its links to health and disease. Remarkably, many of the diverse roles attributed to Sac1 can be explained by the recent discovery of its requirement at membrane contact sites, where its consumption of PI4P is proposed to drive interorganelle transfer of other cellular lipids, thereby promoting normal lipid homeostasis within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Del Bel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Olivença DV, Uliyakina I, Fonseca LL, Amaral MD, Voit EO, Pinto FR. A Mathematical Model of the Phosphoinositide Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3904. [PMID: 29500467 PMCID: PMC5834545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are signalling lipids that constitute a complex network regulating many cellular processes. We propose a computational model that accounts for all species of phosphoinositides in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. The model replicates the steady-state of the pathway and most known dynamic phenomena. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates model robustness to alterations in the parameters. Model analysis suggest that the greatest contributor to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) production is a flux representing the direct transformation of PI into PI(4,5)P2, also responsible for the maintenance of this pool when phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is decreased. PI(5)P is also shown to be a significant source for PI(4,5)P2 production. The model was validated with siRNA screens that knocked down the expression of enzymes in the pathway. The screen monitored the activity of the epithelium sodium channel (ENaC), which is activated by PI(4,5)P2. While the model may deepen our understanding of other physiological processes involving phosphoinositides, we highlight therapeutic effects of ENaC modulation in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The model suggests control strategies where the activities of the enzyme phosphoinositide 4-phosphate 5-kinase I (PIP5KI) or the PI4K + PIP5KI + DVL protein complex are decreased and cause an efficacious reduction in PI(4,5)P2 levels while avoiding undesirable alterations in other phosphoinositide pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Olivença
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI: Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute. Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inna Uliyakina
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI: Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute. Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis L Fonseca
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-2000, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI: Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute. Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-2000, USA
| | - Francisco R Pinto
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI: Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute. Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Marx B, Miller-Lazic D, Doorbar J, Majewski S, Hofmann K, Hufbauer M, Akgül B. HPV8-E6 Interferes with Syntenin-2 Expression through Deregulation of Differentiation, Methylation and Phosphatidylinositide-Kinase Dependent Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1724. [PMID: 28970821 PMCID: PMC5609557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The E6 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) of genus alpha contain a short peptide sequence at the carboxy-terminus, the PDZ binding domain, with which they interact with the corresponding PDZ domain of cellular proteins. Interestingly, E6 proteins from papillomaviruses of genus beta (betaPV) do not encode a comparable PDZ binding domain. Irrespective of this fact, we previously showed that the E6 protein of HPV8 (betaPV type) could circumvent this deficit by targeting the PDZ protein Syntenin-2 through transcriptional repression (Lazic et al., 2012). Despite its high binding affinity to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), very little is known about Syntenin-2. This study aimed to extend the knowledge on Syntenin-2 and how its expression is controlled. We now identified that Syntenin-2 is expressed at high levels in differentiating and in lower amounts in keratinocytes cultured in serum-free media containing low calcium concentration. HPV8-E6 led to a further reduction of Syntenin-2 expression only in cells cultured in low calcium. In the skin of patients suffering from Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, who are predisposed to betaPV infection, Syntenin-2 was expressed in differentiating keratinocytes of non-lesional skin, but was absent in virus positive squamous tumors. Using 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, which causes DNA demethylation, Syntenin-2 transcription was profoundly activated and fully restored in the absence and presence of HPV8-E6, implicating that E6 mediated repression of Syntenin-2 transcription is due to promoter hypermethylation. Since Syntenin-2 binds to PI(4,5)P2, we further tested whether the PI(4,5)P2 metabolic pathway might govern Syntenin-2 expression. PI(4,5)P2 is generated by the activity of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase type I (PIP5KI) or phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase type II (PIP4KII) isoforms α, β and γ. Phosphatidylinositide kinases have recently been identified as regulators of gene transcription. Surprisingly, transfection of siRNAs directed against PIP5KI and PIP4KII resulted in higher Syntenin-2 expression with the highest effect mediated by siPIP5KIα. HPV8-E6 was able to counteract siPIP4KIIα, siPIP4KIIβ and siPIP5KIγ mediated Syntenin-2 re-expression but not siPIP5KIα. Finally, we identified Syntenin-2 as a key factor regulating PIP5KIα expression. Collectively, our data demonstrates that Syntenin-2 is regulated through multiple mechanisms and that downregulation of Syntenin-2 expression may contribute to E6 mediated dedifferentiation of infected skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Marx
- Institute of Virology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | | | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Slawomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Kay Hofmann
- Institute for Genetics, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hufbauer
- Institute of Virology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
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Abstract
The membranes of eukaryotic cells create hydrophobic barriers that control substance and information exchange between the inside and outside of cells and between cellular compartments. Besides their roles as membrane building blocks, some membrane lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), also exert regulatory effects. Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that PIs play crucial roles in controlling polarity and growth in plants. Here, I highlight the key roles of PIs as important regulatory membrane lipids in plant development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale) 06114, Germany
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Li L, Wang F, Yan P, Jing W, Zhang C, Kudla J, Zhang W. A phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C pathway elicits stress-induced Ca 2+ signals and confers salt tolerance to rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1172-1187. [PMID: 28157263 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In animal cells, phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms predominantly hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphates [PtdIns(4,5)P2 ] into the second messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3 ] to regulate diverse biological processes. By contrast, the molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of PLC signaling in plants still awaits full elucidation. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa cv) PI-PLC, OsPLC1, which preferred to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and elicited stress-induced Ca2+ signals regulating salt tolerance. Analysis by ion chromatography revealed that the concentration of PtdIns4P was c. 28 times of that of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in shoots. OsPLC1 not only converted PtdIns(4,5)P2 but also - and even more efficiently - converted PtdIns4P into DAG and Ins(1,4,5)P3 in vitro and in vivo. Salt stress induced the recruitment of OsPLC1 from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, where it hydrolyzed PtdIns4P. The stress-induced Ca2+ signaling was dependent on OsPLC1, and the PLC-mediated Ca2+ signaling was essential for controlling Na+ accumulation in leaf blades, thus establishing whole plant salt tolerance. Our work identifies a conversion pathway and physiological function for PtdIns4P pools in rice and reveals the connection between phosphoinositides and Ca2+ signals mediated by PLC during salt stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peiwen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Jing
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Undurraga SF, Ibarra-Henríquez C, Fredes I, Álvarez JM, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate signaling and early responses in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2541-2551. [PMID: 28369507 PMCID: PMC5854014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that impacts many aspects of plant physiology, growth, and development. Besides its nutritional role, N nutrient and metabolites act as signaling molecules that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes and biological processes. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of components of the nitrate signaling pathway. Recent evidence posits that in one nitrate signaling pathway, nitrate sensed by NRT1.1 activates a phospholipase C activity that is necessary for increased cytosolic calcium levels. The nitrate-elicited calcium increase presumably activates calcium sensors, kinases, or phosphatases, resulting in changes in expression of primary nitrate response genes. Consistent with this model, nitrate treatments elicit proteome-wide changes in phosphorylation patterns in a wide range of proteins, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, kinases, phosphatases, and other regulatory proteins. Identifying and characterizing the function of the different players involved in this and other nitrate signaling pathways and their functional relationships is the next step to understand N responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad F Undurraga
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Ibarra-Henríquez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Fredes
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Miguel Álvarez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation. Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Knowles EEM, Meikle PJ, Huynh K, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Mathias SR, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Curran JE, Glahn DC. Serum phosphatidylinositol as a biomarker for bipolar disorder liability. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:107-115. [PMID: 28230325 PMCID: PMC5798864 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) exhibit alterations in their phospholipid levels. It is unclear whether these alterations are a secondary consequence of illness state, or if phospholipids and illness risk overlap genetically. If the latter were true, then phospholipids might provide key insights into the pathophysiology of the illness. Therefore, we rank-ordered phospholipid classes by their genetic overlap with BPD risk in order to establish which class might be most informative in terms of increasing our understanding of illness pathophysiology. METHODS Analyses were conducted in a sample of 558 individuals, unselected for BPD, from 38 extended pedigrees (average family size=14.79, range=2-82). We calculated a coefficient of relatedness for all family members of nine individuals with BPD in the sample (N=185); this coefficient was set to be zero in unrelated individuals (N=373). Then, under an endophenotype ranking value (ERV) approach, this scalar index was tested against 13 serum-based phospholipid concentrations in order to rank-order lipid classes by their respective overlap with BPD risk. RESULTS The phosphatidylinositol class was significantly heritable (h2 =0.26, P=6.71 × 10-05 ). It was the top-ranked class, and was significantly associated with BPD risk after correction for multiple testing (β=-1.18, P=2.10 × 10-03 , ERV=0.49). CONCLUSIONS We identified a peripheral biomarker, serum-based phosphatidylinositol, which exhibits a significant association with BPD risk. Therefore, given that phosphatidylinositol and BPD risk share partially common etiology, it seems that this lipid class warrants further investigation, not only in terms of treatment, but also as a promising diagnostic and risk marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma EM Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Correspondence: Emma E. M. Knowles, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Harald HH Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity, Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Meijer HJG, van Himbergen JAJ, Musgrave A, Munnik T. Acclimation to salt modifies the activation of several osmotic stress-activated lipid signalling pathways in Chlamydomonas. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:64-72. [PMID: 28017365 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress rapidly activates several phospholipid signalling pathways in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas. In this report, we have studied the effects of salt-acclimation on growth and phospholipid signalling. Growing cells on media containing 100 mM NaCl increased their salt-tolerance but did not affect the overall phospholipid content, except that levels of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] were reduced by one-third. When these NaCl-acclimated cells were treated with increasing concentrations of salt, the same lipid signalling pathways as in non-acclimated cells were activated. This was witnessed as increases in phosphatidic acid (PA), lyso-phosphatidic acid (L-PA), diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP), PI(4,5)P2 and its isomer PI(3,5)P2. However, all dose-dependent responses were shifted to higher osmotic-stress levels, and the responses were lower than in non-acclimated cells. When NaCl-acclimated cells were treated with other osmotica, such as KCl and sucrose, the same effects were found, illustrating that they were due to hyperosmotic rather than hyperionic acclimation. The results indicate that acclimation to moderate salt stress modifies stress perception and the activation of several downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold J G Meijer
- Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A J van Himbergen
- Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Musgrave
- Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cheng X, Tan X, Liu W, Li H, Yan L, Yang Y, Zeng X, Cao J. PI4Kβ, PIPs and BK Ca channel function. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Armengot L, Marquès-Bueno MM, Jaillais Y. Regulation of polar auxin transport by protein and lipid kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4015-4037. [PMID: 27242371 PMCID: PMC4968656 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The directional transport of auxin, known as polar auxin transport (PAT), allows asymmetric distribution of this hormone in different cells and tissues. This system creates local auxin maxima, minima, and gradients that are instrumental in both organ initiation and shape determination. As such, PAT is crucial for all aspects of plant development but also for environmental interaction, notably in shaping plant architecture to its environment. Cell to cell auxin transport is mediated by a network of auxin carriers that are regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Here we review our current knowledge on some aspects of the 'non-genomic' regulation of auxin transport, placing an emphasis on how phosphorylation by protein and lipid kinases controls the polarity, intracellular trafficking, stability, and activity of auxin carriers. We describe the role of several AGC kinases, including PINOID, D6PK, and the blue light photoreceptor phot1, in phosphorylating auxin carriers from the PIN and ABCB families. We also highlight the function of some receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and two-component histidine kinase receptors in PAT, noting that there are probably RLKs involved in co-ordinating auxin distribution yet to be discovered. In addition, we describe the emerging role of phospholipid phosphorylation in polarity establishment and intracellular trafficking of PIN proteins. We outline these various phosphorylation mechanisms in the context of primary and lateral root development, leaf cell shape acquisition, as well as root gravitropism and shoot phototropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
- Correspondence to:
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35
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Epand RM. Features of the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle and its Role in Signal Transduction. J Membr Biol 2016; 250:353-366. [PMID: 27278236 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol cycle (PI-cycle) has a central role in cell signaling. It is the major pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated forms. In addition, some lipid intermediates of the PI-cycle, including diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, are also important lipid signaling agents. The PI-cycle has some features that are important for the understanding of its role in the cell. As a cycle, the intermediates will be regenerated. The PI-cycle requires a large amount of metabolic energy. There are different steps of the cycle that occur in two different membranes, the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. In order to complete the PI-cycle lipid must be transferred between the two membranes. The role of the Nir proteins in the process has recently been elucidated. The lipid intermediates of the PI-cycle are normally highly enriched with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl molecular species in mammals. This enrichment will be retained as long as the intermediates are segregated from other lipids of the cell. However, there is a significant fraction (>15 %) of lipids in the PI-cycle of normal cells that have other acyl chains. Phosphatidylinositol largely devoid of arachidonoyl chains are found in cancer cells. Phosphatidylinositol species with less unsaturation will not be as readily converted to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, the lipid required for the activation of Akt with resulting effects on cell proliferation. Thus, the cyclical nature of the PI-cycle, its dependence on acyl chain composition and its requirement for lipid transfer between two membranes, explain many of the biological properties of this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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36
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Heilmann I, Ischebeck T. Male functions and malfunctions: the impact of phosphoinositides on pollen development and pollen tube growth. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:3-20. [PMID: 26676144 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides in pollen. In angiosperms, sexual reproduction is a series of complex biological events that facilitate the distribution of male generative cells for double fertilization. Angiosperms have no motile gametes, and the distribution units of generative cells are pollen grains, passively mobile desiccated structures, capable of delivering genetic material to compatible flowers over long distances and in an adverse environment. The development of pollen (male gametogenesis) and the formation of a pollen tube after a pollen grain has reached a compatible flower (pollen tube growth) are important aspects of plant developmental biology. In recent years, a wealth of information has been gathered about the molecular control of cell polarity, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying these developmental processes. In particular, it has been found that regulatory membrane phospholipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), are critical regulatory players, controlling key steps of trafficking and polarization. Characteristic features of PIs are the inositol phosphate headgroups of the lipids, which protrude from the cytosolic surfaces of membranes, enabling specific binding and recruitment of numerous protein partners containing specific PI-binding domains. Such recruitment is globally an early event in polarization processes of eukaryotic cells and also of key importance to pollen development and tube growth. Additionally, PIs serve as precursors of other signaling factors with importance to male gametogenesis. This review highlights the recent advances about the roles of PIs in pollen development and pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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TORC2 and eisosomes are spatially interdependent, requiring optimal level of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate for their integrity. J Biosci 2016; 40:299-311. [PMID: 25963258 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the organization and maintenance of the plasma membrane has been sought due to its numerous roles in cellular function. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a novel paradigm has begun to emerge in the understanding of the distribution of plasma membrane microdomains and how they are regulated. We aimed to investigate the dynamic interdependence between the protein complexes eisosome and TORC2, representing microdomains MCC and MCT, respectively. In this study, we reveal that the eisosome organizer Pil1 colocalizes with the MCT marker Avo2. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the formation of MCT is dependent on both eisosome integrity and adequate levels of the plasma membrane phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2. Taken together, our findings indicate that TORC2, eisosomes, and PI(4,5)P2 exist in an interconnected relationship, which supports the emerging model of the plasma membrane.
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38
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Herzog FA, Braun L, Schoen I, Vogel V. Improved Side Chain Dynamics in MARTINI Simulations of Protein–Lipid Interfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2446-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Herzog
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology,
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Braun
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology,
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology,
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology,
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Córcoles-Sáez I, Hernández ML, Martínez-Rivas JM, Prieto JA, Randez-Gil F. Characterization of the S. cerevisiae inp51 mutant links phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels with lipid content, membrane fluidity and cold growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:213-26. [PMID: 26724696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and its derivatives diphosphoinositol phosphates (DPIPs) play key signaling and regulatory roles. However, a direct function of these molecules in lipid and membrane homeostasis remains obscure. Here, we have studied the cold tolerance phenotype of yeast cells lacking the Inp51-mediated phosphoinositide-5-phosphatase. Genetic and biochemical approaches showed that increased metabolism of PI(4,5)P2 reduces the activity of the Pho85 kinase by increasing the levels of the DPIP isomer 1-IP7. This effect was key in the cold tolerance phenotype. Indeed, pho85 mutant cells grew better than the wild-type at 15 °C, and lack of this kinase abolished the inp51-mediated cold phenotype. Remarkably, reduced Pho85 function by loss of Inp51 affected the activity of the Pho85-regulated target Pah1, the yeast phosphatidate phosphatase. Cells lacking Inp51 showed reduced Pah1 abundance, derepression of an INO1-lacZ reporter, decreased content of triacylglycerides and elevated levels of phosphatidate, hallmarks of the pah1 mutant. However, the inp51 phenotype was not associated to low Pah1 activity since deletion of PAH1 caused cold sensitivity. In addition, the inp51 mutant exhibited features not shared by pah1, including a 40%-reduction in total lipid content and decreased membrane fluidity. These changes may influence the activity of membrane-anchored and/or associated proteins since deletion of INP51 slows down the transit to the vacuole of the fluorescent dye FM4-64. In conclusion, our work supports a model in which changes in the PI(4,5)P2 pool affect the 1-IP7 levels modulating the activity of Pho85, Pah1 and likely additional Pho85-controlled targets, and regulate lipid composition and membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Córcoles-Sáez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Hernández
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jose A Prieto
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Randez-Gil
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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41
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Boura E, Nencka R. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases: Function, structure, and inhibition. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yoo SH, Huh YH, Huh SK, Chu SY, Kim KD, Hur YS. Localization and projected role of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases IIα and IIβ in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ store vesicles. Nucleus 2015; 5:341-51. [PMID: 25482123 PMCID: PMC4152348 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.29776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases are key molecules that participate in the phosphoinositide signaling in the cytoplasm. Despite the accumulating evidence that supports the existence and operation of independent PI signaling system in the nucleus, the exact location of the PI kinases inside the nucleus is not well defined. Here we show that PI4-kinases IIα and IIβ, which play central roles in PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and PI signaling, are localized in numerous small nucleoplasmic vesicles that function as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3)-sensitive Ca(2+) stores. This is in accord with the past results that showed the localization of PI4(P)5-kinases that are essential in PI(4,5)P2 production and PI(4,5)P2 in nuclear matrix. Along with PI(4,5)P2 that also exists on the nucleoplasmic vesicle membranes, the localization of PI4-kinases IIα and IIβ in the nucleoplasmic vesicles strongly implicates the vesicles to the PI signaling as well as the Ins(1,4,5)P3-depenent Ca(2+) signaling in the nucleus. Accordingly, the nucleoplasmic vesicles indeed release Ca(2+) rapidly in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3. Further, the Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca(2+) release studies suggest that PI4KIIα and IIβ are localized near the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor (Ins(1,4,5)P3R)/Ca(2+) channels on the Ca(2+) store vesicle membranes. In view of the widespread presence of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent Ca(2+) store vesicles and the need to fine-control the nuclear Ca(2+) concentrations at multiple sites along the chromatin fibers in the nucleus, the existence of the key PI enzymes in the Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) store vesicles appears to be in perfect harmony with the physiological roles of the PI kinases in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- a Department of Biochemistry; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon, Korea
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43
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Singh A, Bhatnagar N, Pandey A, Pandey GK. Plant phospholipase C family: Regulation and functional role in lipid signaling. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Drücker P, Pejic M, Grill D, Galla HJ, Gerke V. Cooperative binding of annexin A2 to cholesterol- and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-containing bilayers. Biophys J 2015; 107:2070-81. [PMID: 25418092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are organized into dynamic microdomains that serve as sites for signal transduction and membrane trafficking. The formation and expansion of these microdomains are driven by intrinsic properties of membrane lipids and integral as well as membrane-associated proteins. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a peripherally associated membrane protein that can support microdomain formation in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and has been implicated in membrane transport processes. Here, we performed a quantitative analysis of the binding of AnxA2 to solid supported membranes containing the annexin binding lipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylserine in different compositions. We show that the binding is of high specificity and affinity with dissociation constants ranging between 22.1 and 32.2 nM. We also analyzed binding parameters of a heterotetrameric complex of AnxA2 with its S100A10 protein ligand and show that this complex has a higher affinity for the same membranes with Kd values of 12 to 16.4 nM. Interestingly, binding of the monomeric AnxA2 and the AnxA2-S100A10 complex are characterized by positive cooperativity. This cooperative binding is mediated by the conserved C-terminal annexin core domain of the protein and requires the presence of cholesterol. Together our results reveal for the first time, to our knowledge, that AnxA2 and its derivatives bind cooperatively to membranes containing cholesterol, phosphatidylserine, and/or phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, thus providing a mechanistic model for the lipid clustering activity of AnxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Milena Pejic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - David Grill
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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45
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Ruelland E, Kravets V, Derevyanchuk M, Martinec J, Zachowski A, Pokotylo I. Role of phospholipid signalling in plant environmental responses. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 114:129-143. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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46
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Di DW, Zhang C, Guo GQ. Involvement of secondary messengers and small organic molecules in auxin perception and signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:895-904. [PMID: 25693494 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a major phytohormone involved in most aspects of plant growth and development. Generally, auxin is perceived by three distinct receptors: TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT1-Auxin/INDOLE ACETIC ACID, S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2A and AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN1. The auxin perception is regulated by a variety of secondary messenger molecules, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, calcium, cyclic GMP, cyclic AMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol and by physiological pH. In addition, some small organic molecules, including inositol hexakisphosphate, yokonolide B, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, toyocamycin and terfestatin A, are involved in auxin signaling. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in understanding the functions of these secondary messengers and small organic molecules, which are now thoroughly demonstrated to be pervasive and important in auxin perception and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Di
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China,
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47
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Feng NY, Fergus DJ, Bass AH. Neural transcriptome reveals molecular mechanisms for temporal control of vocalization across multiple timescales. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:408. [PMID: 26014649 PMCID: PMC4446069 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vocalization is a prominent social behavior among vertebrates, including in the midshipman fish, an established model for elucidating the neural basis of acoustic communication. Courtship vocalizations produced by territorial males are essential for reproductive success, vary over daily and seasonal cycles, and last up to hours per call. Vocalizations rely upon extreme synchrony and millisecond precision in the firing of a homogeneous population of motoneurons, the vocal motor nucleus (VMN). Although studies have identified neural mechanisms driving rapid, precise, and stable neuronal firing over long periods of calling, little is known about underlying genetic/molecular mechanisms. Results We used RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analyses to compare patterns of gene expression in VMN to the surrounding hindbrain across three daily and seasonal time points of high and low sound production to identify candidate genes that underlie VMN’s intrinsic and network neuronal properties. Results from gene ontology enrichment, enzyme pathway mapping, and gene category-wide expression levels highlighted the importance of cellular respiration in VMN function, consistent with the high energetic demands of sustained vocal behavior. Functionally important candidate genes upregulated in the VMN, including at time points corresponding to high natural vocal activity, encode ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, hormone receptors and biosynthetic enzymes, neuromodulators, aerobic respiration enzymes, and antioxidants. Quantitative PCR and RNA-seq expression levels for 28 genes were significantly correlated. Many candidate gene products regulate mechanisms of neuronal excitability, including those previously identified in VMN motoneurons, as well as novel ones that remain to be investigated. Supporting evidence from previous studies in midshipman strongly validate the value of transcriptomic analyses for linking genes to neural characters that drive behavior. Conclusions Transcriptome analyses highlighted a suite of molecular mechanisms that regulate vocalization over behaviorally relevant timescales, spanning milliseconds to hours and seasons. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive characterization of gene expression in a dedicated vocal motor nucleus. Candidate genes identified here may belong to a conserved genetic toolkit for vocal motoneurons facing similar energetic and neurophysiological demands. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1577-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Y Feng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel J Fergus
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Current Address: North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Genomics and Microbiology, 27601, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Binder U, Benčina M, Fizil Á, Batta G, Chhillar AK, Marx F. Protein kinase A signaling and calcium ions are major players in PAF mediated toxicity against Aspergillus niger. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1266-71. [PMID: 25882631 PMCID: PMC4424949 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is highly susceptible to the antifungal protein PAF. Ca2+ and cAMP/PKA signalling are interconnected in response to PAF. PAF toxicity requires the activation of the cAMP/PkaA signaling cascade. PAF evokes a sustained increase in the [Ca2+]c resting level. Only a functional PAF protein interferes with the fungal Ca2+ homeostasis. PAF represents a promising molecule to develop new antifungal strategies.
The Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF is toxic against potentially pathogenic Ascomycetes. We used the highly sensitive aequorin-expressing model Aspergillus niger to identify a defined change in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ dynamics in response to PAF. This Ca2+ signature depended on an intact positively charged lysine-rich PAF motif. By combining Ca2+ measurements in A. niger mutants with deregulated cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, we proved the interconnection of Ca2+ perturbation and cAMP/PKA signaling in the mechanistic function of PAF. A deep understanding of the mode of action of PAF is an invaluable prerequisite for its future application as new antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Binder
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ádám Fizil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, IN-124001 Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Florentine Marx
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhao J. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant defence response: from protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions to hormone signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1721-36. [PMID: 25680793 PMCID: PMC4669553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) and PLD-derived phosphatidic acids (PAs) play vital roles in plant hormonal and environmental responses and various cellular dynamics. Recent studies have further expanded the functions of PLDs and PAs into plant-microbe interaction. The molecular diversities and redundant functions make PLD-PA an important signalling complex regulating lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling in plant defence through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions or hormone signalling. Different PLD-PA signalling complexes and their targets have emerged as fast-growing research topics for understanding their numerous but not yet established roles in modifying pathogen perception, signal transduction, and downstream defence responses. Meanwhile, advanced lipidomics tools have allowed researchers to reveal further the mechanisms of PLD-PA signalling complexes in regulating lipid metabolism and signalling, and their impacts on jasmonic acid/oxylipins, salicylic acid, and other hormone signalling pathways that essentially mediate plant defence responses. This review attempts to summarize the progress made in spatial and temporal PLD/PA signalling as well as PLD/PA-mediated modification of plant defence. It presents an in-depth discussion on the functions and potential mechanisms of PLD-PA complexes in regulating actin filament/microtubule cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and hormonal signalling, and in influencing lipid metabolism-derived metabolites as critical signalling components in plant defence responses. The discussion puts PLD-PA in a broader context in order to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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50
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Bryant KL, Baird B, Holowka D. A novel fluorescence-based biosynthetic trafficking method provides pharmacologic evidence that PI4-kinase IIIα is important for protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25886792 PMCID: PMC4355129 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biosynthetic trafficking of receptors and other membrane-associated proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM) underlies the capacity of these proteins to participate in crucial cellular roles. Phosphoinositides have been shown to mediate distinct biological functions in cells, and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), in particular, has emerged as a key regulator of biosynthetic trafficking. Results To investigate the source of PI4P that orchestrates trafficking events, we developed a novel flow cytometry based method to monitor biosynthetic trafficking of transiently transfected proteins. We demonstrated that our method can be used to assess the trafficking of both type-1 transmembrane and GPI-linked proteins, and that it can accurately monitor the pharmacological disruption of biosynthetic trafficking with brefeldin A, a well-documented inhibitor of early biosynthetic trafficking. Furthermore, utilizing our newly developed method, we applied pharmacological inhibition of different isoforms of PI 4-kinase to reveal a role for a distinct pool of PI4P, synthesized by PI4KIIIα, in ER-to-PM trafficking. Conclusions Taken together, these findings provide evidence that a specific pool of PI4P plays a role in biosynthetic trafficking of two different classes of proteins from the ER to the Golgi complex. Furthermore, our simple, flow cytometry-based biosynthetic trafficking assay can be widely applied to the study of multiple classes of proteins and varied pharmacological and genetic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Barbara Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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