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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Alkafaas SS, Dladla M, Ghosh S, Elkafas SS, Hafez W, Ezzat SM, Khedr SA, Hussien AM, Fahmy MA, Elesawi IE, Salem HM, Mohammed DM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, El-Tarabily MK, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA. Chitosan, derivatives, and its nanoparticles: Preparation, physicochemical properties, biological activities, and biomedical applications - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 313:142832. [PMID: 40187443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/07/2025]
Abstract
Chitosan, derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is the second most widely used natural polymer, valued for its nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. These attributes have driven extensive research into diverse applications of chitosan and various derivatives. The key characteristics of chitosan muco-adhesion, permeability enhancement, drug release modulation, and antimicrobial activity are primarily due to its amino and hydroxyl groups. However, the limited solubility of raw chitosan in water and most organic solvents has posed challenges for broader application. Numerous chemically modified derivatives have been developed to address these inadequacies with improved physical and chemical properties. Among these derivatives, chitosan nanoparticles have emerged as versatile drug carriers with precise release kinetics and the capacity for targeted delivery, greatly enhancing drug efficacy and safety profiles for therapeutic applications. Due to these unique physicochemical properties, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles are promising for improved drug delivery, vaccine administration, transplantation, gene therapy, and diagnostics. This review examines the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles, emphasizing their broad-ranging biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mthokozisi Dladla
- Human Molecular Biology Unit (School of Biomedical Sciences), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia 32511, Egypt; Faculty of Control System and Robotics, Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) University, Saint-Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Wael Hafez
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Salma Mohamed Ezzat
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sohila A Khedr
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aya Misbah Hussien
- Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Fahmy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Diseases of Birds, Rabbits, Fish & Their Care & Wildlife, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Dina Mostafa Mohammed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | | | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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Safari P, Rahimabadi EZ, Vaezi MR, Behnamghader A, Tahergorabi R. Development of ZnO-NPs reinforced chitosan nanofiber mats with improved antibacterial and biocompatibility properties. Sci Rep 2025; 15:16567. [PMID: 40360629 PMCID: PMC12075804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
This paper studied the possibility of fabricating a nano-composite based on chitosan incorporated with ZnO-NPs as a promising textile for wound dressing purposes. The nanofiber mat was obtained from dispersions of ZnO-NPs in chitosan-based solution blended with PVA (Cs/PVA/ZnO-NPs scaffold). The extracted chitosan was characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis. The electrospinning optimization process was successfully done for Cs and PVA mixture and a good combination of polymers, solvent, and the ratios developed through an optimization process (10wt.% PVA and 1wt.% CS in AcAcetic 80%). The nanofibers had an average diameter below 200 nm, while the incorporation of ZnO-NPs decreased their average diameter below 150 nm. FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD analysis were used to evaluate the scaffold structure. The FE-SEM analysis proved the smooth and bead-free morphology of the fibers. Elemental analysis of the mat revealed a good distribution of ZnO-NPs along nanofibers. Cell culture studies with L929 mouse fibroblast cells revealed good viability of the cell on the Cs/PVA/ZnO-NPs scaffold. The nanoparticles improved capability of the mat for growth inhibition rate of bacterial colonies and also its wettability. The results also showed the nontoxicity of CS/PVA/ZnO-NPs composite and its considerable potential for future application in wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parva Safari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, 1144, Iran
| | - Eshagh Zakipour Rahimabadi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, 1144, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Vaezi
- Research Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, , Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Research Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, , Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Tahergorabi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
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3
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Shetranjiwalla S, Ononiwu A. Identifying barriers to scaled-up production and commercialization of chitin and chitosan using green technologies: A review and quantitative green chemistry assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 305:141062. [PMID: 39971074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHT) production from Chitin (CH) is a billion-dollar industry but is constrained by multi-step chemical extractions that are energy and wastewater-intensive. Numerous green recovery technologies (GRT)s have paved the path for sustainable extraction, however, these have not been adopted for scale-up or mainstream commercialization. Therefore, this review critically evaluates the chemical, biological, combined biological-chemical and GRTs for CH/CHT recovery on commercially important criteria such as yields, molecular properties, cost/gram, water & energy use and wastewater & GHG emissions to identify barriers that hinder (i) the scaled-up, cost-effective commodity production of CH/CHT using GRTs (ii) the preparation of CH/CHT standards and (iii) the successful pathway from CH/CHT recovery to commercialization of chitosan-based products, supporting United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG)s, particularly SDG 12. To arrive at the data-driven assessment, techno-economic and green chemistry metrics such as PMI and E-factor were calculated. The industry-developed quantitative green chemistry evaluator DOZN™ was used to assess resource & energy efficiency and human & environmental health hazards for CHT production. Mechanochemistry was identified as a viable GRT based on the limited literature available for quantitative assessment, and increasing the yield from GRT processes was identified as key to improving economic performance while also reducing environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegufta Shetranjiwalla
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Arlene Ononiwu
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador A2H 5G4, Canada
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Sanjaykumar SG, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Uniyal P, Singh B, Nisar N. Chitosan-Peptide Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications: Advances in Treatment Strategies. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2025; 26:185-200. [PMID: 39350425 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037323136240910052119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
One of the most well-known instances of an interdisciplinary subject is tissue engineering, where experts from many backgrounds collaborate to address important health issues and improve people's quality of life. Many researchers are interested in using chitosan and its derivatives as an alternative to fabricating scaffold engineering and skin grafts in tissue because of its natural abundance, affordability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and wound healing properties. Nanomaterials based on peptides can provide cells with the essential biological cues required to promote cellular adhesion and are easily fabricated. Due to such worthy properties of chitosan and peptide, they find their application in tissue engineering and regeneration processes. The implementation of hybrids of chitosan and peptide is increasing in the field of tissue engineering and scaffolding for improved cellular adherence and bioactivity. This review covers the individual applications of peptide and chitosan in tissue engineering and further discusses the role of their conjugates in the same. Here, the recent findings are also discussed, along with studies involving the use of these hybrids in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta Sanjaykumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Law, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Nazima Nisar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Elbordiny MM, Ahmed SA, El-Sebaay AS, Attia Attia Y, Saudy HS, Abd-Elrahman SH. Potentiality of chitosan/titanium oxide nanocomposite for removing iron and chromium from hydrous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:66796-66807. [PMID: 39641843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study involved the preparation of a nano-polymer based on shrimp wastes as a biodegradable chitosan nanoparticle (Cs) incorporated into titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in an aqueous medium and carried on the specific polymer to form thin films. The spectroscopic properties of chitosan/TiO2/Polymer thin films were estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The fabricated films were then examined for their potential to eliminate iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) from solutions. The adsorption efficiency was also evaluated along various contact times. In general, the results illustrated that the heavy metals removal increases with increasing the different ratios of chitosan and TiO2 nanoparticles incorporated in polymer thin films. Removal efficiency increased with an increase in contact time. More than 70% of Fe and Cr ions were removed in the first 30 min of contact time using different thin films examined. The maximum removal for metal ions after 90 min for the pest thin film (0.08 TiO2) was 97.1 and 88.8% for Fe and Cr, whereas the lowest thin film removal efficiency (PVC) was 29.5 and 8.07% for Fe and Cr, respectively. In conclusion, the fabricated thin film composed of polyvinylidene chloride and chitosan plus 0.08 g titanium oxide nanoparticles had a heavy metal removal capacity three times greater than that of basic polyvinylidene chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamed Elbordiny
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | | | - Abdellatif Saleh El-Sebaay
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Yasser Attia Attia
- Department of Measurements, Photochemistry and Agriculture Applications, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber Saudy
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Hassan Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
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Vo TS, Chit PP, Nguyen VH, Hoang T, Lwin KM, Vo TTBC, Jeon B, Han S, Lee J, Park Y, Kim K. A comprehensive review of chitosan-based functional materials: From history to specific applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136243. [PMID: 39393718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS), a natural biopolymer derived from chitin, has garnered significant attention owing to its potential chemical, biological, and physical properties, such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biosafety. This comprehensive review traces the historical development of CTS-based materials and delves into their specific applications across various fields. The study highlights the evolution of CTS from its initial discovery to its current state, emphasizing key milestones and technological advancements that have expanded its utility. Despite the extensive research, the synthesis and functionalization of CTS to achieve desired properties for targeted applications remain a challenge. This review addresses current problems such as the scalability of production, consistency in quality, and the environmental impact of extraction and modification processes. Additionally, it explores the novel applications of CTS-based materials in biomedicine, agriculture, environmental protection, and food industry, showcasing innovative solutions and future potentials. By providing a detailed analysis of the current state of CTS research and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review offers a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals. The novelty of this work lies in its holistic approach, combining historical context with a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends and potential breakthroughs in the field of CTS-based functional materials. Therefore, this review will be helpful for readers by summarizing recent advances and discussing prospects in CTS-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Sinh Vo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Pyone Pyone Chit
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Vu Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Trung Hoang
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Khin Moe Lwin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Tran Thi Bich Chau Vo
- Faculty of Industrial Management, College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Viet Nam.
| | - Byounghyun Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Soobean Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jaehan Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Yunjeong Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94709, United States.
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Tiwari R, Parwati K, Verma DK, Kumar D, Yadav S, Rai R, Kumar K, Adhikary P, Krishnamoorthi S. Ionic liquid supported chitosan-g-SPA as a biopolymer-based single ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte for energy storage devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135872. [PMID: 39341322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This article discusses the preparation of different grades of single-ion conducting quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (q-SPE) material (Chit-g-SPA-IL) based on biopolymer (chitosan), polyacrylic acid and DBU-acetate (DBUH+ AcO-) ionic liquid. Chit-SPA-60 %-IL exhibited the highest conductivity within the range of 10-4 S/cm. TGA analysis demonstrated the stability of electrolytes up to a temperature of 120 °C. SEM-EDS analysis unveiled the porous nature of the electrolyte and even distribution of ions throughout the matrix. It exhibited an electrochemical stability window (EWS) of 2.53 V with significant current density and an ionic transference number (ITN) of ~99.9 %. The temperature-dependent conductivity established an Arrhenius-type conduction mechanism with an activation energy of 0.149 eV for ion movement within the electrolyte matrix. The AC conductivity analysis emphasized the time-temperature independence of the ionic conduction mechanism. Dielectric analysis highlighted the capacitive nature of the electrolyte, underlining its substantial capacitance, while modulus studies indicated minimal influence from the electrode-electrolyte interface. Chit-SPA-60 %-IL at 30 °C included a self-diffusion coefficient of 4.57 × 10-5 m2/s, ionic mobility of 1.75 × 10-3 m2/Vs, and drift ionic velocity of 0.44 m/s. These findings makes SPE as a promising candidate for sodium-ion-based energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudramani Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Chemistry, CCRAS-Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Aamkho, Gwalior 474009, India
| | - Km Parwati
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajshree Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Science, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pubali Adhikary
- Central Discovery Centre, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Azzi M, Elkadaoui S, Zim J, Desbrieres J, El Hachimi Y, Tolaimate A. Tenebrio Molitor breeding rejects as a high source of pure chitin and chitosan: Role of the processes, influence of the life cycle stages and comparison with Hermetia illucens. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134475. [PMID: 39102917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This work valorizes rejects from Tenebrio Molitor TM breeding through the production of chitin and chitosan. Two processes are proposed for extracting chitin from larval exuviae and adult. The first process P1 provides chitin with high contents compared to literature data but the characterization shows the presence of impurities in the exuviae chitin responsible for the shifts in the values of the physicochemical characteristics towards those presented by γ chitin. These impurities are removed by delipidation and pure α chitin is obtained. The effective delipidation of this chitin would be linked to its fibrous surface structure. The analysis of the results of P1 led us to develop a second extraction process P2 which provides pure chitin with improved yields using delipidation followed by deproteinization. The N-deacetylation of chitin according to Kurita or Broussignac process makes possible the preparation of pure, highly deacetylated chitosan samples (2 % < DA < 12 %) with high yields and controlled molar masses (Mv). A kinetic study of molecular degradation during deacetylation is carried out. A comparison with Hermetia illucens allows to extend the use of insects as a potential source of chitin and chitosan and confirms the role of the source and the processes in the determination of their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azzi
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Bioresource and food safety laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - S Elkadaoui
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Bioresource and food safety laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - J Zim
- Department of Plant Protection, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Agadir, Morocco; Medfly Sterile Insect Unit, Maroc Citrus, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - J Desbrieres
- University of Pau and Adour Countries (UPPA), IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, Pau, France.
| | - Y El Hachimi
- Bioresource and food safety laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - A Tolaimate
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
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Ait Hamdan Y, Oudadesse H, Elouali S, Eladlani N, Lefeuvre B, Rhazi M. Exploring the potential of chitosan from royal shrimp waste for elaboration of chitosan/bioglass biocomposite: Characterization and "in vitro" bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134909. [PMID: 39168220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Exploiting royal shrimp waste to produce value-added biocomposites offers environmental and therapeutic benefits. This study proposes biocomposites based on chitosan and bioglass, using shrimp waste as the chitosan source. Chitin extraction and chitosan preparation were characterized using various analytical techniques. The waste composition revealed 24 % chitin, convertible to chitosan, with shells containing 77.33-ppm calcium. (X-ray diffraction) XRD analysis showed crystallinity index of 54.71 % for chitin and 49.14 % for chitosan. Thermal analysis indicated degradation rates of 326 °C and 322 °C, respectively. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 97.08 % determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis, with an intrinsic viscosity of 498 mL.g-1 and molar mass of 101,720 g/mol, showing improved solubility in 0.3 % acetic acid. Royal chitosan (CHR) was combined with bioglass (BG) via freeze-drying to create a CHR/BG biocomposite for bone surgery applications. The bioactivity of the CHR/BG was tested in simulated body fluid (SBF), revealing a biologically active apatite layer on its surface. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis confirmed enhanced bioactivity of the CHR/BG compared to commercial chitosan. The CHR/BG biocomposite demonstrated excellent apatite formation, validated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), highlighting its potential in bone surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ait Hamdan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Samia Elouali
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco; University of Mons (UMONS) - Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nadia Eladlani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. New Insights into Sources, Bioavailability, Health-Promoting Effects, and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17138-17152. [PMID: 39042786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are mostly derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, and it is a fibrous polysaccharide which resists enzymatic degradation in the stomach but undergoes microbial fermentation in the colon, producing beneficial metabolites. Chitosan, which is more soluble in the alkaline small intestine, is more susceptible to enzymatic action. Both biopolymers show limited absorption into the bloodstream, with smaller particles exhibiting better bioavailability. The health effects include anti-inflammatory properties, potential in immune system modulation, impacts on cholesterol levels, and antimicrobial effects, with a specific focus on implications for gut health. Chitin and chitosan exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by interacting with immune cells, influencing cytokine production, and modulating immune responses, which may benefit conditions characterized by chronic inflammation. These biopolymers can impact cholesterol levels by binding to dietary fats and reducing lipid absorption. Additionally, their antimicrobial properties contribute to gut health by controlling harmful pathogens and promoting beneficial gut microbiota. This review explores the extensive health benefits and applications of chitin and chitosan, providing a detailed examination of their chemical compositions, dietary sources, and applications, and critically assessing their health-promoting effects in the context of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
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Giraldo JD, García Y, Vera M, Garrido-Miranda KA, Andrade-Acuña D, Marrugo KP, Rivas BL, Schoebitz M. Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121924. [PMID: 38431399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniela Andrade-Acuña
- Centro de Docencia Superior en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n. Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
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12
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Ait Hamdan Y, Elouali S, Oudadesse H, Lefeuvre B, Rhazi M. Exploring the potential of chitosan/aragonite biocomposite derived from cuttlebone waste: Elaboration, physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131554. [PMID: 38615864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cuttlefish bone biowaste is a potential source of a composite matrix based on chitin and aragonite. In the present work, we propose for the first time the elaboration of biocomposites based on chitosan and aragonite through the valorization of bone waste. The composition of the ventral and dorsal surfaces of bone is well studied by ICP-OES. An extraction process has been applied to the dorsal surface to extract β-chitin and chitosan with controlled physico-chemical characteristics. In parallel, aragonite isolation was carried out on the ventral side. The freeze-drying method was used to incorporate aragonite into the chitosan polymer to form CHS/ArgS biocomposites. Physicochemical characterizations were performed by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, 1H NMR, TGA/DSC, potentiometry and viscometry. The ICP-OES method was used to evaluate in vitro the bioactivity level of biocomposite in simulated human plasma (SBF), enabling analysis of the interactions between the material and SBF. The results obtained indicate that the CHS/ArgS biocomposite derived from cuttlefish bone exhibits bioactivity, and that chitosan enhances the bioactivity of aragonite. The CHS/ArgS biocomposite showed excellent ability to form an apatite layer on its surface. After three days' immersion, FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of this layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ait Hamdan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Samia Elouali
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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13
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Elkadaoui S, Azzi M, Desbrieres J, Zim J, El Hachimi Y, Tolaimate A. Valorization of Hermetia illucens breeding rejects by chitins and chitosans production. Influence of processes and life cycle on their physicochemical characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131314. [PMID: 38569995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Breeding of the black soldier fly is carried out to produce proteins. It is accompanied by releases during the life cycle of this insect. This work is a study of the valorization of these rejects through the production of chitins and chitosans with controlled characteristics. An extraction process is developed with an order of treatments and reaction conditions that provide chitins with high contents. These contents increase as the stages of the life cycle progress and drop for the adult. However, the exuviae chitins present organic impurities which will be eliminated at the N-deacetylation reaction for pupe and after a purification treatment for chitosan from larval stages. All these chitins have an α structure although certain physicochemical characteristics of the larval exuviae chitins are close to those presented by γ chitin. The observed shifts are linked to the effect of impurities rather than to a difference in structure. N-deacetylation of chitins makes possible the valorization of all rejects by the production of pure chitosans with high yields which retain a porous structure for the exuviae and fibrous for the adult which allow complementary applications. These chitosans are highly to completely deacetylated and their molar masses can vary depending on the process and life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elkadaoui
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route d'Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Bioresource and Food Safety Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Azzi
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route d'Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Bioresource and Food Safety Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - J Desbrieres
- University of Pau and Adour Countries (UPPA), IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, Pau, France.
| | - J Zim
- Department of Plant Protection, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Y El Hachimi
- Bioresource and Food Safety Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - A Tolaimate
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route d'Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
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14
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Zeshan M, Amjed N, Ashraf H, Farooq A, Akram N, Zia KM. A review on the application of chitosan-based polymers in liver tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129350. [PMID: 38242400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan-based polymers have enormous structural tendencies to build bioactive materials with novel characteristics, functions, and various applications, mainly in liver tissue engineering (LTE). The specific physicochemical, biological, mechanical, and biodegradation properties give the effective ways to blend these biopolymers with synthetic and natural polymers to fabricate scaffolds matrixes, sponges, and complexes. A variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, including chitosan (CS), alginate (Alg), collagen (CN), gelatin (GL), hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PGLA), polylactic acid (PLA), and silk fibroin gained considerable attention due to their structure-properties relationship. The incorporation of CS within the polymer matrix results in increased mechanical strength and also imparts biological behavior to the designed PU formulations. The significant and growing interest in the LTE sector, this review aims to be a detailed exploration of CS-based polymers biomaterials for LTE. A brief explanation of the sources and extraction, properties, structure, and scope of CS is described in the introduction. After that, a full overview of the liver, its anatomy, issues, hepatocyte transplantation, LTE, and CS LTE applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nyla Amjed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humna Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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15
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Nair R, Paul P, Maji I, Gupta U, Mahajan S, Aalhate M, Guru SK, Singh PK. Exploring the current landscape of chitosan-based hybrid nanoplatforms as cancer theragnostic. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121644. [PMID: 38142105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, investigators have put significant efforts to develop several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancer. Many novel nanoplatforms, including lipidic, metallic, and inorganic nanocarriers, have shown massive potential at preclinical and clinical stages for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Each of these nano-systems is distinct with its own benefits and limitations. The need to overcome the limitations of single-component nano-systems, improve their morphological and biological features, and achieve multiple functionalities has resulted in the emergence of hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs). These HNPs integrate multicomponent nano-systems with diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single nano-system serving as promising nanotools for cancer theragnostic applications. Chitosan (CS) being a mucoadhesive, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymer, has emerged as an essential element for the development of HNPs offering several advantages over conventional nanoparticles including pH-dependent drug delivery, sustained drug release, and enhanced nanoparticle stability. In addition, the free protonable amino groups in the CS backbone offer flexibility to its structure, making it easy for the modification and functionalization of CS, resulting in better drug targetability and cell uptake. This review discusses in detail the existing different oncology-directed CS-based HNPs including their morphological characteristics, in-vitro/in-vivo outcomes, toxicity concerns, hurdles in clinical translation, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Priti Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Indrani Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ujala Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mayur Aalhate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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16
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Khatami N, Guerrero P, Martín P, Quintela E, Ramos V, Saa L, Cortajarena AL, de la Caba K, Camarero-Espinosa S, Abarrategi A. Valorization of biological waste from insect-based food industry: Assessment of chitin and chitosan potential. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121529. [PMID: 37985106 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Edible mealworms can be farmed to produce high-quality nutrients and proteins, useful as ingredients in human and animal foods. During this process biological waste is produced. This work explores the usage of the biological waste as source to produce chitin and chitosan with different potential applications. Different waste fractions were processed, and the feasibility of chitin isolation was assessed. Chitosan was derived, and films were fabricated and tested for intended uses. Data indicate that biopolymers with different properties can be obtained from multiple biological waste fractions. All samples show antibacterial activity, while chitosan films derived from molt show interesting properties for packaging purposes. Films also trigger the expression of anti-inflammatory phenotype markers in macrophage cells, which may be useful for tissue engineering implantation purposes. Altogether, biological waste from insect farming can be used to extract chitin and chitosan with different properties, and therefore, suitable for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khatami
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; POLYMAT, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Viviana Ramos
- Noricum SL, Avda. Fuente Nueva 14, nave 3, 28703 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Saa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- POLYMAT, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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17
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Roy S, Rahman MM, Ferdous T, Likhon MNA, Jahan MS. Preparation of chitosan derivative and its application in papermaking. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128371. [PMID: 38013082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
To improve the paper strength, a number of resins and polymeric materials are being used, which is not environmental friendly and sustainable. Therefore, bio-based paper additives for the papermaking industry are essential. In this investigation, a water soluble biopolymer like carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) was prepared. The degree of substitution of the prepared CMCh was 2.49. The solubility of the prepared CMCh was 2.0 (w/v) % at 50 °C, and the conductivity increased with the increase of CMCh concentration in water. The prepared CMCh was applied as dry and wet strength agent of unrefined and refined softwood pulps. Both pulp increased dry and wet strength with increasing CMCh dose. An addition of 2.0 % CMCh increased dry strength by 125 % and wet strength by 293 % of unrefined pulp. On the other hand, the dry and wet tensile index of refined pulp increased from 59.48 N·m/g to 66.11 N·m/g and 2.48 N·m/g to 3.47 N·m/g, respectively, with the addition of 1.0 % CMCh. The CMCh was also used in filler modification. The precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) modified with CMCh increased the ash content in paper with improved strength properties. The CMCh can be used in papermaking both for improving paper strength and filler retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvroneel Roy
- Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Mostafizur Rahman
- Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Ferdous
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Nur Alam Likhon
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Sarwar Jahan
- Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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18
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Hamdan YA, Elouali S, Eladlani N, Lefeuvre B, Oudadesse H, Rhazi M. Investigation on Akis granulifera (Coleoptera, Sahlberg, 1823) as a potential source of chitin and chitosan: Extraction, characterization and hydrogel formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126292. [PMID: 37573901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies have focused on the industrial exploitation of marine fisheries waste through the production of natural bioactive bioploymeres such as chitin and chitosan. However, in recent years, beetles are increasingly attracting the interest of scientists as a source of chitin and chitosan for the preparation of hydrogels for sustainable engineering development. In the present work, we focus on the study for the first time a new Moroccan species of beetle (Akis granulifera Sahlberg, 1823), for the extraction of chitin and the elaboration of chitosan. A chemical extraction process was used. Then, physicochemical characterizations by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, 1H NMR, TGA/DSC, Potentiometry, Viscosimetry, and elemental analysis were performed. In addition, to evaluate its physicochemical quality, the elaborated chitosan is combined with alginate to form a hydrogel. This hydrogel was effectively characterized by SEM, DRX and FTIR to show the potential of chitosan from Akis granulifera in biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ait Hamdan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Samia Elouali
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nadia Eladlani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco.
| | | | | | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, 4000 Marrakech, Morocco
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19
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Verma D, Okhawilai M, Goh KL, Thakur VK, Senthilkumar N, Sharma M, Uyama H. Sustainable functionalized chitosan based nano-composites for wound dressings applications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116580. [PMID: 37474094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized chitosan nanocomposites have been studied for wound dressing applications due to their excellent antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. Polysaccharides show excellent antibacterial and drug-release properties and can be utilized for wound healing. In this article, we comprise distinct approaches for chitosan functionalization, such as photosensitizers, dendrimers, graft copolymerization, quaternization, acylation, carboxyalkylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, and thiolation. The current review article has also discussed brief insights on chitosan nanoparticle processing for biomedical applications, including wound dressings. The chitosan nanoparticle preparation technologies have been discussed, focusing on wound dressings owing to their targeted and controlled drug release behavior. The future directions of chitosan research include; a) finding an effective solution for chronic wounds, which are unable to heal completely; b) providing effective wound healing solutions for diabetic wounds and venous leg ulcers; c) to better understanding the wound healing mechanism with such materials which can help provide the optimum solution for wound dressing; d) to provide an improved treatment option for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Verma
- International Graduate Program of Nanoscience and Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; Newcastle University in Singapore, 567739, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - Nangan Senthilkumar
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Zidani J, Hassine K, Zannen M, Zeinert A, Da Costa A, Ferri A, Belhadi J, Majdoub M, El Marssi M, Lahmar A. Synthesis, Structural, Optical, and Electrical Characterization of Biochitosan/Na 0.5Bi 0.5TiO 3 Composite Thin-Film Materials. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1841. [PMID: 37893278 PMCID: PMC10609301 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research work was to synthesis bioderived nanocomposite films by incorporating Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBTO) nanoparticles into a chitosan matrix. The NBTO nanoparticles were synthesized using a traditional solid-state technique. Then, through a solution-casting approach, flexible composite films were fabricated using chitosan polymer. The study presents a range of compelling findings. For structural and morphological insights, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a fascinating morphology where NBTO nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed and interlocked with other particles, forming interconnected grains with significant interspaces within the chitosan matrix. For the optical properties, the spectral response within the 300-800 nm range is primarily governed by light scattering attributed to NBTO particles with diameter sizes ranging from 100 to 400 nm, as well as the distinctive bandgap exhibited by the NBTO phase. The investigation of dielectric properties demonstrates that composite films exhibit markedly higher dielectric values in comparison to pure chitosan films. It is noteworthy that an increase in the NBTO content results in a corresponding increase in dielectric values, enhancing the versatility of these materials. Local piezoelectric measurements utilizing piezoresponse force microscopy confirm the expected piezoelectric and ferroelectric behavior of NBTO particles when dispersed within the chitosan matrix. This research introduces a novel class of biocompatible nanocomposite materials, combining impressive structural attributes, enhanced dielectric properties, and piezoelectric capabilities. The outcomes of this study hold substantial promise for advanced applications in opto- and piezoelectric technologies, marking a significant advancement in biologically sourced materials with multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacem Zidani
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, CEDEX 1, France; (J.Z.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.H.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Khaoula Hassine
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.H.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Moneim Zannen
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.H.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Andreas Zeinert
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, CEDEX 1, France; (J.Z.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Antonio Da Costa
- University of Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 62300 Lens, France; (A.D.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Anthony Ferri
- University of Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 62300 Lens, France; (A.D.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Jamal Belhadi
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, CEDEX 1, France; (J.Z.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Bd. of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (K.H.); (M.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Mimoun El Marssi
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, CEDEX 1, France; (J.Z.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Abdelilah Lahmar
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, CEDEX 1, France; (J.Z.); (M.E.M.)
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Kadak AE, Küçükgülmez A, Çelik M. Preparation and Characterization of Crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus) Chitosan with Different Deacetylation Degrees. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3253. [PMID: 37228624 PMCID: PMC10203182 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2023.323958.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, chitosan with various deacetylation degrees was extracted from crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) shells with the purpose of examining the effect of deacetylation on the characterization of chitosan. Objectives Recycling of wastes has become an important issue with the advancement of shellfish processing technology. Therefore, this study examined the most important and conventional characterization parameters of chitosan extracted from crayfish shells and investigated whether crayfish chitosan can be an alternative to commercial products. Material and Methods In order to determine the characterization of the chitosan; degree of deacetylation, yield, molecular weight, apparent viscosity, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, moisture content, ash content, color properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) were applied. Results The low (LDD) and high (HDD) deacetylated crayfish chitosan characterization results in terms of yield, molecular weight, apparent viscosity, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, moisture content, ash content were 17.50%, 424.03-334.66 kDa, 16.82-9.63 cP, 481.29-428.04%, 419.30-355.75%, 3.32-1.03%, 0.98-1.01%, respectively. As detected by two different methods, potentiometric titration and elemental analysis, the deacetylation degrees of low and high crayfish chitosan were found close to each other, which were 76.98-94.98% and 73.79-92.06%, respectively. As the deacetylation period extended, acetyl groups were removed, and the degree of the deacetylation of crayfish chitosan increased while the apparent viscosity, molecular weight, water and fat binding capacity decreased. Conclusions The findings of the present study are important to obtain the chitosan having various physicochemical characteristics from unevaluated crayfish wastes and to use it in many different sectors, especially biotechnology, medicine, pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eslem Kadak
- Kastamonu University, Fisheries Faculty, 37150 Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | | | - Mehmet Çelik
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, 01330, Adana, Türkiye
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22
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Kim YH, Kim HJ, Yoon KS, Rhim JW. Cellulose nanofiber/deacetylated quaternary chitosan composite packaging film for growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in raw salmon. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Neblea IE, Chiriac AL, Zaharia A, Sarbu A, Teodorescu M, Miron A, Paruch L, Paruch AM, Olaru AG, Iordache TV. Introducing Semi-Interpenetrating Networks of Chitosan and Ammonium-Quaternary Polymers for the Effective Removal of Waterborne Pathogens from Wastewaters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1091. [PMID: 36904332 PMCID: PMC10007103 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to study the influence of ammonium-quaternary monomers and chitosan, obtained from different sources, upon the effect of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels upon the removal of waterborne pathogens and bacteria from wastewater. To this end, the study was focused on using vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC), a water-soluble monomer with known antibacterial properties, and mineral-enriched chitosan extracted from shrimp shells, to prepare the semi-IPNs. By using chitosan, which still contains the native minerals (mainly calcium carbonate), the study intends to justify that the stability and efficiency of the semi-IPN bactericidal devices can be modified and better improved. The new semi-IPNs were characterized for composition, thermal stability and morphology using well-known methods. Swelling degree (SD%) and the bactericidal effect assessed using molecular methods revealed that hydrogels made of chitosan derived from shrimp shell demonstrated the most competitive and promising potential for wastewater (WW) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia E. Neblea
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anita-L. Chiriac
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Sarbu
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Miron
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lisa Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Adam M. Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Oluf Thesens vei 43, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Andreea G. Olaru
- S.C. EDAS-EXIM S.R.L., Banat Street 23, 010933 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tanta-V. Iordache
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Splaiul Independentei No. 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Uğurlu E, Duysak Ö. A study on the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum from Iskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21416-21424. [PMID: 36271066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents, for the first time, the extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from the testa (T) and spines (S) of the invasive sea urchin (Diadema setosum) from the İskenderun Bay in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Testa chitin (T-CT), spine chitin (S-CT), testa chitosan (T-CS), and spine chitosan (S-CS) were isolated following demineralization, deproteinization (chitin), and deacetylation (chitosan). The yield of chitin extraction from dry sea urchin testa (T-CT) and spines (S-CT) were 57.2 ± 1.43% and 67.1 ± 0.17%, respectively. The yield of chitosan produced from extracted testa (T-CS) and spines (S-CS) chitin were 87.3 ± 1.82% and 74.04 ± 1.27%, respectively. Degree of deacetylation (DD%) value were calculated using FT-IR (84.19% and 85.80%), resulting in a high DD. They were perfectly soluble in acidic solution. We also characterized the isolated chitin (T-CT and S-CT) and chitosan (T-CS and S-CS) by determining its physicochemical properties using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM). Overall, the results indicated that the preparation of chitin and chitosan from the invasive sea urchin testa and spines could open the opportunity for the value-added seafood waste to be utilized in a wide range of practical applications such as medicine, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Uğurlu
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Önder Duysak
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
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25
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Zhao X, Su Y, Shao T, Fan Z, Cao L, Liu W, Zhang J. Cuticle protein gene LmCP8 is involved in the structural development of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:747-759. [PMID: 35822263 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ovipositor comprises the external genitalia of female insects, which plays an important role in the mating and ovipositing process of insects. However, it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in the ovipositor during structural development. Here, we analysed the basic structure and characteristics of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. RNA-seq analysis revealed the specialization of chitin metabolism, lipids synthesis and transport, tanning and cuticular protein genes in the ovipositor. Among them, two cuticle protein genes, LmCP8 and LmACP79, were identified, which are specifically expressed in the ovipositor. Functional analysis based on RNA interference showed that deficiency of LmCP8 affected the structural development of the ovipositor resulting in the retention of a large number of remaining unproduced oocysts in the ovary of the locusts. Our results provide a fundamental resource to investigate the structural development and physiological function of the ovipositor in L. migratoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yazhi Su
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ti Shao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Fan
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Synthesis of Fully Deacetylated Quaternized Chitosan with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111644. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully deacetylated quaternary chitosan (DQCTS) was prepared by replacing the carboxyl group of chitosan with a quaternary ammonium salt. The DQCTS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antimicrobial activity of DQCTS was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) methods and time-kill assay. DQCTS exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus. Especially, the antifungal activity against C. albicans of DQCTS was greatly improved at 15.6 µg/mL of MIC and 31.3 µg/mL of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Expression levels of virulence genes of microorganisms were also significantly decreased by DQCTS treatment, and the risk of virulence of microorganisms might be decreased. The result of the cytotoxic effect of DQCTS on human skin cells (HaCaT cells) indicated that the cytotoxicity of DQCTS on HaCaT cells was nearly non-toxic at 50 μg/mL. The DQCTS, with strong antimicrobial and low toxicity, has a high potential for use in functional food packaging and biomedical applications.
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27
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Recent Advances of Chitosan Formulations in Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810975. [PMID: 36142887 PMCID: PMC9504745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a naturally abundant cationic polymer, is chemically composed of cellulose-based biopolymers derived by deacetylating chitin. It offers several attractive characteristics such as renewability, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi, etc., because of which it is receiving immense attention as a biopolymer for a plethora of applications including drug delivery, protective coating materials, food packaging films, wastewater treatment, and so on. Additionally, its structure carries reactive functional groups that enable several reactions and electrochemical interactions at the biomolecular level and improves the chitosan’s physicochemical properties and functionality. This review article highlights the extensive research about the properties, extraction techniques, and recent developments of chitosan-based composites for drug, gene, protein, and vaccine delivery applications. Its versatile applications in tissue engineering and wound healing are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for chitosan in biomedical applications are elucidated.
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28
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Multifunctional role of chitosan in farm animals: a comprehensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The deacetylation of chitin results in chitosan, a fibrous-like material. It may be produced in large quantities since the raw material (chitin) is plentiful in nature as a component of crustacean (shrimps and crabs) and insect hard outer skeletons, as well as the cell walls of some fungi. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polygluchitosanamine that contains two essential reactive functional groups, including amino and hydroxyl groups. This unique chemical structure confers chitosan with many biological functions and activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic, when used as a feed additive for farm animals. Studies have indicated the beneficial effects of chitosan on animal health and performance, aside from its safer use as an antibiotic alternative. This review aimed to highlight the effects of chitosan on animal health and performance when used as a promising feed additive.
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29
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Tailoring nanohole sizes through the deacetylation process in chitosan powders obtained from squid pens. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Nouj N, Hafid N, El Alem N, Buciscanu II, Maier SS, Samoila P, Soreanu G, Cretescu I, Stan CD. Valorization of β-Chitin Extraction Byproduct from Cuttlefish Bone and Its Application in Food Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082803. [PMID: 35454495 PMCID: PMC9025758 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The nontoxicity, worldwide availability and low production cost of cuttlefish bone products qualify them an excellent biocoagulant to treat food industry wastewater. In this study, cuttlefish bone liquid waste from the deproteinization step was used as a biocoagulant to treat food industry wastewater. This work concerns a waste that has never before been investigated. The objectives of this work were: the recovery of waste resulting from cuttlefish bone deproteinization, the replacementof chemical coagulants with natural ones to preserve the environment, and the enhancement ofthe value of fishery byproducts. A quantitative characterization of the industrial effluents of a Moroccan food processing plant was performed. The physicochemical properties of the raw cuttlefish bone powder and the deproteinization liquid extract were determined using specific analysis techniques: SEM/EDX, FTIR, XRD and 1H-NMR. The protein content of the deproteinization liquid was determined by OPA fluorescent assay. The zeta potential of the liquid extract was also determined. The obtained analytical results showed that the deproteinization liquid waste contained an adequate amount of soluble chitin fractions that could be used in food wastewater treatment. The effects of the coagulant dose and pH on the food industrial effluents were studied to confirm the effectiveness of the deproteinization liquid extract. Under optimal conditions, the coagulant showed satisfactory results. Process optimization was performed using the Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. Thus, the optimal removal efficiencies predicted using this model for turbidity (99.68%), BOD5 (97.76%), and COD (82.92%) were obtained at a dosage of 8 mL biocoagulant in 0.5 L of food processing wastewater at an alkaline pH of 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisrine Nouj
- Material and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IBN ZOHR University, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (N.H.); (N.E.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Naima Hafid
- Material and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IBN ZOHR University, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (N.H.); (N.E.A.)
| | - Noureddine El Alem
- Material and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IBN ZOHR University, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (N.H.); (N.E.A.)
| | - Ingrid Ioana Buciscanu
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Stelian Sergiu Maier
- Department of Chemical Engineering in Textiles and Leather, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.B.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Petrisor Samoila
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica Vodӑ, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Soreanu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Igor Cretescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (I.C.)
| | - Catalina Daniela Stan
- Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University St., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Murata S, Rivera J, Noh MY, Hiyoshi N, Yang W, Parkinson DY, Barnard HS, Arakane Y, Kisailus D, Arakaki A. Unveiling characteristic proteins for the structural development of beetle elytra. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:467-480. [PMID: 34954417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Beetles possess a set of highly modified and tanned forewings, elytra, which are lightweight yet rigid and tough. Immediately after eclosion, the elytra are initially thin, pale and soft. However, they rapidly expand and subsequently become hardened and often dark, resulting from both pigmentation and sclerotization. Here, we identified changes in protein composition during the developmental processes of the elytra in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus. Using mass spectrometry, a total of 414 proteins were identified from both untanned and tanned elytra, including 31 cuticular proteins (CPs), which constitute one of the major components of insect cuticles. Moreover, CPs containing Rebers and Riddiford motifs (CPR), the most abundant CP family, were separated into two groups based on their expression and amino acid sequences, such as a Gly-rich sequence region and Ala-Ala-Pro repeats. These protein groups may play crucial roles in elytra formation at different time points, likely including self-assembly of chitin nanofibers that control elytral macro and microstructures and dictate changes in other properties (i.e., mechanical property). Clarification of the protein functions will enhance the understanding of elytra formation and potentially benefit the development of lightweight materials for industrial and biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The beetle elytron is a light-weight natural bio-composite which displays high stiffness and toughness. This structure is composed of chitin fibrils and proteins, some of which are responsible for architectural development and hardening. This work, which involves insights from molecular biology and materials science, investigated changes in proteomic, architectural, and localized mechanical characteristics of elytra from the Japanese rhinoceros beetle to understand molecular mechanisms driving elytra development. In the present study, we identified a set of new protein groups which are likely related to the structural development of elytra and has potential for new pathways for processing green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Murata
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Jesus Rivera
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mi Yong Noh
- Department of Forestry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Naoya Hiyoshi
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | | - Yasuyuki Arakane
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - David Kisailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Atsushi Arakaki
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Antiproliferative potentials of chitin and chitosan encapsulated gold nanoparticles derived from unhatched Artemia cysts. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Adsorption of Cu (II) Ions Present in the Distilled Beverage (Sugar Cane Spirit) Using Chitosan Derived from the Shrimp Shell. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030573. [PMID: 35160562 PMCID: PMC8840202 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachaça (sugar cane spirit) is a typically Brazilian distilled beverage. Copper ions can be present in craft beverages despite their acceptance in the national and international market. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan as an adsorbent in removing copper (II) from cachaça. The structural characteristics of the obtained chitosan and the effect of adsorbed copper were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), viscosimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The deacetylation reaction from chitin (shrimp shell) resulted in chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 88.9% (potentiometric titration) and 86.9% (FTIR), low crystallinity, and an estimated molecular weight of 162.96 kDa. The copper reduction rate was 84.09% evaluated by spectrophotometric titration and microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP–OES). The amine groups of chitosan had adsorption affinity with copper ions, and the kinetic analysis showed a better fit of the data by the Elovich equation, suggesting that the chemosorption mechanism controlled the kinetic process. The results suggest that chitosan has the potential to improve the quality and safety of cachaça.
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Rasweefali M, Sabu S, Muhammed Azad K, Raseel Rahman M, Sunooj K, Sasidharan A, Anoop K. Influence of deproteinization and demineralization process sequences on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of chitin isolated from Deep-sea mud shrimp (Solenocera hextii). ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Effects of Geomaterial-Originated Fillers on Microstructure and Mechanical/Physical Properties of α- and β-Chitosan-Based Films. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247514. [PMID: 34946595 PMCID: PMC8705032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible films and coatings with good mechanical/physical properties are highly required for carrying medical substances and food packaging. So, solvent-cast films of α- or β-chitosan filled with palygorskite, montmorillonite or geopolymer-containing material (GCM), were prepared, and the effects of their clay contents (up to 50 wt.%) on the mechanical/physical properties were assessed. The microstructure of the films was investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and thermal analysis. The results showed that, except for the films composed of GCM and β-chitosan, the mechanical properties of the films with limited (up to 5 wt.%) to moderate (5–25 wt.%) amounts of fillers increased as a result of the attractive electrostatic forces formed between the fillers and chitosan functional groups (–NH3+, CH2OH and NHCOCH3). However, due to the occurrence of coarse aggregates, the strength of filler-rich films declined. The addition of fillers led to an increase in porosity and water absorption of the films, but it had irregular effects on their wettability and water vapor transmission rate. These observations as well as the thermal stability of the films were discussed in relation to the characterization results.
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Nurfikari A, de Boer W. Chitin Determination in Residual Streams Derived From Insect Production by LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS Methods. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.795694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a biopolymer present in fungi and arthropods, is a compound of interest for various applications, such as in the agricultural and medical fields. With the recently growing interest in the development of insect farming, the availability of chitin-containing residual streams, particularly the molting skins (exuviae), is expected to increase in the near future. For application purposes, accurate quantification of chitin in these insect sources is essential. Previous studies on chitin extraction and quantification often overlooked the purity of the extracted chitin, making the outcomes inconsistent and prone to overestimation. The present study aims to determine chitin content in the exuviae of three insect species mass-reared worldwide: black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and house cricket. Chitin was chemically extracted using acid and alkali treatments to remove minerals and proteins. The purity of extracted chitin was evaluated by hydrolyzing the chitin into glucosamine, followed by quantitative determination of the latter using two liquid chromatography methods: electrochemical detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both methods proved accurate and precise, without the need for labor-intensive derivatization steps. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed that the glucosamine determination results obtained by the two methods were comparable, and there is no consistent bias of one approach vs. the other. The chitin content in extracted residues ranged between 7.9 and 18.5%, with the highest amount found in BSF puparium. In summary, the study demonstrated that (1) the residual streams of the insect farming industry have a great potential for utilization as an alternative chitin source, and (2) both LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS are reliable for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in insect chitin.
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Mohan K, Muralisankar T, Jayakumar R, Rajeevgandhi C. A study on structural comparisons of α-chitin extracted from marine crustacean shell waste. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ihli J, Schenk AS, Rosenfeldt S, Wakonig K, Holler M, Falini G, Pasquini L, Delacou E, Buckman J, Glen TS, Kress T, Tsai EHR, Reid DG, Duer MJ, Cusack M, Nudelman F. Mechanical adaptation of brachiopod shells via hydration-induced structural changes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5383. [PMID: 34508091 PMCID: PMC8433230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function-optimized properties of biominerals arise from the hierarchical organization of primary building blocks. Alteration of properties in response to environmental stresses generally involves time-intensive processes of resorption and reprecipitation of mineral in the underlying organic scaffold. Here, we report that the load-bearing shells of the brachiopod Discinisca tenuis are an exception to this process. These shells can dynamically modulate their mechanical properties in response to a change in environment, switching from hard and stiff when dry to malleable when hydrated within minutes. Using ptychographic X-ray tomography, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, we describe their hierarchical structure and composition as a function of hydration to understand the structural motifs that generate this adaptability. Key is a complementary set of structural modifications, starting with the swelling of an organic matrix on the micron level via nanocrystal reorganization and ending in an intercalation process on the molecular level in response to hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Wakonig
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH and University of Zürich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugénia Delacou
- School of Chemistry, the University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jim Buckman
- Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas S Glen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Kress
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maggie Cusack
- Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, T12 P928 & Tralee, Kerry, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- School of Chemistry, the University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, UK.
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Khan A, Alamry KA. Recent advances of emerging green chitosan-based biomaterials with potential biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108368. [PMID: 34111686 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is the most abundant natural biopolymer, after cellulose. It is mainly derived from the fungi, shrimp's shells, and exoskeleton of crustaceans, through the deacetylation of chitin. The ecological sustainability associated with its exercise and the flexibility of chitosan owing to its active functional hydroxyl and amino groups makes it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications through a variety of modifications. The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan and its derivatives along with their various chemical functionalities make them promising carriers for pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, environmental, agriculture, drug delivery, and biotechnology applications. The present work aims to provide a detailed and organized description of modified chitosan and its derivatives-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. We addressed the biological and physicochemical benefits of nanocomposite materials made up of chitosan and its derivatives in various formulations, including improved physicochemical stability and cells/tissue interaction, controlled drug release, and increased bioavailability and efficacy in clinical practice. Moreover, several modification techniques and their effective utilization are also reviewed and collected in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajahar Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Cabrera-Barjas G, González C, Nesic A, Marrugo KP, Gómez O, Delattre C, Valdes O, Yin H, Bravo G, Cea J. Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 33810536 PMCID: PMC8065767 DOI: 10.3390/md19040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-chitin was isolated from marine waste, giant Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, and further converted to nanofibers by use of a collider machine under acidic conditions (pH 3). The FTIR, TGA, and NMR analysis confirmed the efficient extraction of β-chitin. The SEM, TEM, and XRD characterization results verified that β-chitin crystalline structure were maintained after mechanical treatment. The mean particle size of β-chitin nanofibers was in the range between 10 and 15 nm, according to the TEM analysis. In addition, the β-chitin nanofibers were converted into films by the simple solvent-casting and drying process at 60 °C. The obtained films had high lightness, which was evidenced by the CIELAB color test. Moreover, the films showed the medium swelling degree (250-290%) in aqueous solutions of different pH and good mechanical resistance in the range between 4 and 17 MPa, depending on film thickness. The results obtained in this work show that marine waste can be efficiently converted to biomaterial by use of mild extractive conditions and simple mechanical treatment, offering great potential for the future development of sustainable multifunctional materials for various industrial applications such as food packaging, agriculture, and/or wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristian González
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, Chile;
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
- Department of Chemical Dynamics and Permanent Education, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica-Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kelly P. Marrugo
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Oscar Gómez
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institute Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Gaston Bravo
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Cea
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile; (G.B.); (J.C.)
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Wang J, Kasuya K, Koga H, Nogi M, Uetani K. Thermal Conductivity Analysis of Chitin and Deacetylated-Chitin Nanofiber Films under Dry Conditions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:658. [PMID: 33800288 PMCID: PMC8001616 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a natural polysaccharide polymer, forms highly crystalline nanofibers and is expected to have sophisticated engineering applications. In particular, for development of next-generation heat-transfer and heat-insulating materials, analysis of the thermal conductivity is important, but the thermal conductivity properties of chitin nanofiber materials have not been reported. The thermal conductivity properties of chitin nanofiber materials are difficult to elucidate without excluding the effect of adsorbed water and analyzing the influence of surface amino groups. In this study, we aimed to accurately evaluate the thermal conductivity properties of chitin nanofiber films by changing the content of surface amino groups and measuring the thermal diffusivity under dry conditions. Chitin and deacetylated-chitin nanofiber films with surface deacetylation of 5.8% and 25.1% showed in-plane thermal conductivity of 0.82 and 0.73 W/mK, respectively. Taking into account that the films had similar crystalline structures and almost the same moisture contents, the difference in the thermal conductivity was concluded to only depend on the amino group content on the fiber surfaces. Our methodology for measuring the thermal diffusivity under conditioned humidity will pave the way for more accurate analysis of the thermal conductivity performance of hydrophilic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (J.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Keitaro Kasuya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (J.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Kojiro Uetani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (H.K.); (M.N.)
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Chemical Proprieties of Biopolymers (Chitin/Chitosan) and Their Synergic Effects with Endophytic Bacillus Species: Unlimited Applications in Agriculture. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041117. [PMID: 33672446 PMCID: PMC7923285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, reckless usage of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture has made the environment and human health progressively vulnerable. This setting leads to the pursuit of other environmentally friendly interventions. Amongst the suggested solutions, the use of chitin and chitosan came about, whether alone or in combination with endophytic bacterial strains. In the framework of this research, we reported an assortment of studies on the physico-chemical properties and potential applications in the agricultural field of two biopolymers extracted from shrimp shells (chitin and chitosan), in addition to their uses as biofertilizers and biostimulators in combination with bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus sp. (having biochemical and enzymatic properties).
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S, Devadoss AJP, Hasan N, Sivanesan I. Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:228. [PMID: 33546282 PMCID: PMC7913366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet, Tamil Nadu 603 401, India;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Surface coating of chitosan of different degree of acetylation on non surface sized writing and printing grade paper. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:117674. [PMID: 34294281 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a renewable biopolymer which can be applied on the surface of writing and printing (W&P) grade paper to enhance its different properties. A variety of chitosan is available based on degree of acetylation (DA), molecular weight, viscosity, etc. DA has a profound effect on the performance of chitosan in many applications. Present study compared the performance of different DA chitosan for surface application of W&P grade paper. Chitosan samples of 23 %, 16 % and 6% DA were studied for their impact on various physical and surface properties of W&P grade paper. Surface coating of chitosan was done at 1.6 ± 0.2 g/m2 (lower dose) and 2.3 ± 0.3 g/m2 (higher dose) on W&P grade paper. Some properties including air permeance, TEA, showed considerable effect of DA in which high DA chitosan outperformed the low DA. Broadly, chitosan with different DA had varied impact on individual properties of paper.
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Wang J, Chin D, Poon C, Mancino V, Pham J, Li H, Ho PY, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. Oral delivery of metformin by chitosan nanoparticles for polycystic kidney disease. J Control Release 2021; 329:1198-1209. [PMID: 33127449 PMCID: PMC7904655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle drug delivery has many advantages over small molecule therapeutics, including reducing off-target side effects and increasing drug potency. However, many nanoparticles are administered parenterally, which is challenging for chronic diseases such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the most common hereditary disease worldwide in which patients need continuous treatment over decades. To address this clinical need, we present the development of nanoparticles synthesized from chitosan, a widely available polymer chosen for its ability to improve oral bioavailability. Specifically, we optimized the synthesis parameters of chitosan nanoparticles and demonstrate mucoadhesion and permeation across an intestinal barrier model in vitro. Furthermore, when administered orally to mice, ex vivo imaging of rhodamine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles showed significantly higher accumulation in the intestines compared to the free model drug, as well as 1.3 times higher serum area under the curve (AUC), demonstrating controlled release and improved serum delivery over 24 h. To test its utility for chronic diseases such as PKD, we loaded the candidate PKD drug, metformin, into chitosan nanoparticles, and upon oral administration to a PKD murine model (Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;Tet-O cre), a lower cyst burden was observed compared to free metformin, and was well tolerated upon repeated dosages. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were similar to untreated mice, demonstrating kidney and biocompatibility health. Our study builds upon previous chitosan-based drug delivery approaches, and demonstrates a novel, oral nanoformulation for PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Weißpflog J, Vehlow D, Müller M, Kohn B, Scheler U, Boye S, Schwarz S. Characterization of chitosan with different degree of deacetylation and equal viscosity in dissolved and solid state - Insights by various complimentary methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:242-261. [PMID: 33418043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, chitosan has attracted considerable interest in many fields due to its sufficient charge density under biological, non-hazardous conditions. Since chitosan originates from natural resources and has two different monomer units, its characterization must be carried out in a goal-oriented and precise manner. This work focuses on the characterization of chitosans most important parameters - solubility, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight - in a simple and convenient way. The DD was determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Particle Charge Detection (PCD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis (CHN-EA) and conductometric/potentiometric titration with special attention to its physical state as solid or liquid. Investigation of DD by FTIR was successfully determined by calculating peak heights, peak areas and peak deconvolution from a linear combination of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation with light scattering detection (AF4-LS) was applied in order to calculate molar masses and radii. In addition, pH-potentiometric titrations demonstrated a reproducible displacement of the point of zero charge (PZC) in form of a hysteresis depending on the titration direction. The DD affects the crystallinity, which was determined by deconvolution of the crystalline and amorphous domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Weißpflog
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - David Vehlow
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Kohn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Scheler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Marmier T, Szczepanski CR, Candet C, Zenerino A, Godeau RP, Godeau G. Investigation on Mecynorhina torquata Drury, 1782 (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae, Goliathini) cuticle: Surface properties, chitin and chitosan extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1164-1173. [PMID: 32702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived polymers, such as cellulose or chitin, are materials with increasing interest for a sustainable future. Considering the pollution associated with plastics recycling, natural and fully biocompatible materials like cellulose and chitin are becoming increasingly more relevant for sustainable engineering applications. Chitin and highly deacetylated chitin (chitosan) are already implemented in a wide range of materials applications, especially in biomedical fields. One interesting aspect of chitin is that the majority of industrially produced chitin is extracted from shrimp exoskeleton. However, other arthropods can also be investigated as a source of chitin. In this work, we focus on the extraction of chitin and preparation of chitosan from a beetle specie: Mecynorhina torquata. This includes characterization of the native Mecynorhina torquata surfaces and all intermediate surfaces throughout the chitosan extraction procedure. The final product, prepared chitosan, is also characterized using IR, SEM, ash content, and deacetylation degree. In addition, spectacular iridescent surfaces of Mecynorhina torquata are highlighted at the intermediate steps during chitin extraction. Finally, as proof of concept, the isolated chitosan is used to form hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Marmier
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | | | - René-Paul Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guilhem Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France.
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Characteristics of chitin extracted from black soldier fly in different life stages. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3206-3214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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