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Nelson S, Mitcheson M, Nestor B, Bosquet Enlow M, Borsook D. Biomarkers of stress as mind-body intervention outcomes for chronic pain: an evaluation of constructs and accepted measurement. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00566. [PMID: 38564185 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Morgan Mitcheson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bridget Nestor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Fearon D, Perlman CM, Leatherdale S, Hirdes JP, Dubin J. Classification of traumatic life events and substance use among persons admitted to inpatient psychiatry in Ontario, Canada. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:236-243. [PMID: 38412786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is commonly overlooked or undiagnosed in clinical care settings. Undetected trauma has been associated with elevated substance use highlighting the need to prioritize identifying individuals with undetected trauma through common characteristics. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to identify classifications of traumatic life experiences and substance use among persons admitted to inpatient psychiatry in Ontario and to identify covariates associated with classification membership. STUDY DESIGN A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using interRAI Mental Health (MH) assessment data. Individuals were included who experienced traumatic life events (N = 10,125), in Ontario, Canada between January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. RESULTS Eight latent classes were identified that ranged from low (i.e., Class 1: Interpersonal Issues, Without Substance use) to high (i.e., Class 8: Widespread Trauma, Alcohol & Cannabis Addiction) complexity patterns of traumatic life events and substance use indicators. Classifications with similar trauma profiles were differentiated by patterns of substance use. For example, individuals in Class 2: Safety & Relationship Issues, Without Substance use and Class 3: Safety & Relationship Issues, Alcohol & Cannabis both had many estimates centered around the experience of victimization (e.g., victim of sexual assault, victim of physical assault, victim of emotional abuse). Multinomial logistic regression models highlighted additional factors associated with classifications such as homelessness, where those who were homeless were 2.09-4.02 times more likely to be in Class 6: Widespread Trauma & Substance Addiction. INTERPRETATION Trauma exposures are complex and varied among persons in inpatient psychiatry and can be further differentiated by substance use patterns. These findings provide a population-based estimate of the trauma experiences of persons in inpatient settings in Ontario, Canada. Findings demonstrate the importance of using comprehensive assessment to support clinical decision making in relation to trauma and substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fearon
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Scott Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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3
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McLoughlin E, Arnold R, Moore LJ, Slavich GM, Fletcher D. A qualitative exploration of how lifetime stressor exposure influences sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:233-250. [PMID: 37665577 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2246023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent research has shown that lifetime stressor exposure can negatively impact sport performers. However, this work has predominantly relied on quantitative methods, which has provided limited information regarding how stressors occurring over the life course affect health, well-being, and performance. This study aimed to explore how relatively high levels of lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressor exposure influenced sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. METHODS AND DESIGN To identify participants who had experienced high lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressors, we used criterion-based purposeful sampling from a prior study. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews, complemented by timelining, were conducted with 22 sport performers (17 female; Mage = 25.89, SD = 10.20). RESULTS We used reflexive thematic analysis to develop three overarching themes that illustrate how high lifetime (non-sport and sport-specific) stressor exposure influences sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. These were: psychological (e.g., maladaptive coping strategies), social (e.g., difficulties in building relationships), and behavioral (e.g., risky behaviors) factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings can help practitioners identify sport performers at risk of developing stress-related health, well-being, and performance problems, and may aid the development of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella McLoughlin
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lee J Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Etzel L, Garrett-Petters P, Shalev I. Early origins of health and disease risk: The case for investigating adverse exposures and biological aging in utero, across childhood, and into adolescence. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2023; 17:149-156. [PMID: 38706692 PMCID: PMC11068077 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we suggest that aging and development are two sides of the same coin, and that developing a comprehensive understanding of health and disease risk requires examining age-related processes occurring throughout the earliest years of life. Compared to other periods in life, during this early period of acute vulnerability, when children's biological and regulatory systems are developing, biological aging occurs most rapidly. We review theory and empirical research suggesting that processes of development and aging are intricately linked, and that early adversity may program biological parameters for accelerated aging and disease risk early in life, even though clinical signs of age-related disease onset may not be evident until many years later. Following from this, we make the case for widespread incorporation of biological aging constructs into child development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etzel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Gold NM, Okeke MN, He Y. Involvement of Inheritance in Determining Telomere Length beyond Environmental and Lifestyle Factors. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1023. [PMID: 37962459 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All linear chromosomal ends have specific DNA-protein complexes called telomeres. Telomeres serve as a "molecular clock" to estimate the potential length of cell replication. Shortening of telomere length (TL) is associated with cellular senescence, aging, and various age-related diseases in humans. Here we reviewed the structure, function, and regulation of telomeres and the age-related diseases associated with telomere attrition. Among the various determinants of TL, we highlight the connection between TL and heredity to provide a new overview of genetic determinants for TL. Studies across multiple species have shown that maternal and paternal TL influence the TL of their offspring, and this may affect life span and their susceptibility to age-related diseases. Hence, we reviewed the linkage between TL and parental influences and the proposed mechanisms involved. More in-depth studies on the genetic mechanism for TL attrition are needed due to the potential application of this knowledge in human medicine to prevent premature frailty at its earliest stage, as well as promote health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheemat Modupeola Gold
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Michael Ngozi Okeke
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Nanomedical Technology Research, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonghan He
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic, Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mayer SE, Guan J, Lin J, Hamlat E, Parker JE, Brownell K, Price C, Mujahid M, Tomiyama AJ, Slavich GM, Laraia BA, Epel ES. Intergenerational effects of maternal lifetime stressor exposure on offspring telomere length in Black and White women. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6171-6182. [PMID: 36457292 PMCID: PMC10235210 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although maternal stressor exposure has been associated with shorter telomere length (TL) in offspring, this literature is based largely on White samples. Furthermore, timing of maternal stressors has rarely been examined. Here, we examined how maternal stressors occurring during adolescence, pregnancy, and across the lifespan related to child TL in Black and White mothers. METHOD Mothers (112 Black; 110 White; Mage = 39) and their youngest offspring (n = 222; Mage = 8) were part of a larger prospective cohort study, wherein mothers reported their stressors during adolescence (assessed twice during adolescence for the past year), pregnancy (assessed in midlife for most recent pregnancy), and across their lifespan (assessed in midlife). Mother and child provided saliva for TL measurement. Multiple linear regression models examined the interaction of maternal stressor exposure and race in relation to child TL, controlling for maternal TL and child gender and age. Race-stratified analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Neither maternal adolescence nor lifespan stressors interacted with race in relation to child TL. In contrast, greater maternal pregnancy stressors were associated with shorter child TL, but this effect was present for children of White but not Black mothers. Moreover, this effect was significant for financial but not social pregnancy stressors. Race-stratified models revealed that greater financial pregnancy stressors predicted shorter telomeres in offspring of White, but not Black mothers. CONCLUSIONS Race and maternal stressors interact and are related to biological aging across generations, but these effects are specific to certain races, stressors, and exposure time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA
| | - Joanna Guan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elissa Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA
| | - Jordan E. Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristy Brownell
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Candice Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mahasin Mujahid
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barbara A. Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA
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Connor A, Starnino L, Busque L, Tardif JC, Bourgoin V, Dubé MP, Busseuil D, D'Antono B. Childhood maltreatment and leukocyte telomere length in men and women with chronic illness: an evaluation of moderating and mediating influences. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6242-6252. [PMID: 36943406 PMCID: PMC10522448 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment can result in lifelong psychological and physical sequelae, including coronary artery disease (CAD). Mechanisms leading to increased risk of illness may involve emotional dysregulation and shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL). METHODS To evaluate whether (1) childhood maltreatment is associated with shorter LTL among older adults with CAD or other chronic illnesses; (2) sex and/or CAD status influence these results; and (3) symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress moderate or mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and LTL, men and women (N = 1247; aged 65 ± 7.2 years) with and without CAD completed validated questionnaires on childhood maltreatment, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. LTL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Analyses included bivariate correlations, hierarchical regressions, and moderation/mediation analyses, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment was associated with significantly shorter LTL (r = -0.059, p = 0.038, b = -0.016, p = 0.005). This relation was not moderated by depression, anxiety, nor perceived stress, though there was mitigated evidence for absence of a maltreatment-LTL relation in men with CAD. Stress perception (but not anxiety or depression) partially mediated the relation between childhood maltreatment and LTL [Indirect effect, b = -0.0041, s.e. = 0.002, 95% CI (-0.0085 to -0.0002)]. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment was associated with accelerated biological aging independently of patient characteristics. Emotional dysregulation resulting in chronic stress may contribute to this process. Whether stress management or other interventions may help prevent or slow premature aging in those who have suffered maltreatment requires study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Connor
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louisia Starnino
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Hematology Division, Research Center, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincent Bourgoin
- Hematology Division, Research Center, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bianca D'Antono
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Brown RL, Epel EE, Lin J, Dubal DB, Prather AA. Associations between klotho and telomere biology in high stress caregivers. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7381-7396. [PMID: 37580799 PMCID: PMC10457041 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging biomarkers may be related to each other through direct co-regulation and/or through being regulated by common processes associated with chronological aging or stress. Klotho is an aging regulator that acts as a circulating hormone with critical involvement in regulating insulin signaling, phosphate homeostasis, oxidative stress, and age-related inflammatory functioning. Both klotho and telomere length are biomarkers of biological aging and decrease with age; however, the relationship between them is not well understood. Here we test the association between klotho levels and the telomere length of specific sorted immune cells among a healthy sample of mothers caregiving for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; i.e., experiencing higher caregiving stress) or a child without ASD, covarying age and body mass index, in order to understand if high stress associated with caregiving for a child with an ASD may be involved in any association between these aging biomarkers. In 178 caregiving women (n = 90 high-stress mothers of children with ASD, n = 88 low-stress mothers of neurotypical children), we found that klotho levels were positively associated with telomere length in PBMCs (an effect driven by CD4+ and CD8+CD28- T cells) among high-stress mothers of children with an ASD but not among low-stress mothers of neurotypical children. There were no significant associations between klotho and telomerase activity in either group, across cell types assessed here. Our results suggest that klotho levels and telomere length may be associated through a coordinated downregulation of longevity factors occurring under higher stress caregiving conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Elissa E. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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Mize JL. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and coping strategies in the context of the sudden course modality shift in the Spring 2020 semester. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359699 PMCID: PMC10097514 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created a host of difficulties for college students. There is research noting the unique vulnerability of this population's DASS symptoms and further connections of coping strategies. The current study aims to provide a snapshot of this unique time in higher education by examining the relationship between perceived difficulty, retrospectively, in the Spring 2020 semester and DASS symptoms in the Fall 2020 semester, and moderators of coping strategies in a sample of USA university students (n = 248; Mage = 21.08, SD = 4.63; 79.3% = Female). The results yielded a clear predictor relationship between perceived difficulty and symptoms of DASS. However, only problem-solving coping strategy proved a significant moderator for stress; surprisingly, problem-solving coping appeared to exacerbate the relationship. Implications for clinicians and higher education are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L. Mize
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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10
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Kazakou P, Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. Basic Concepts and Hormonal Regulators of the Stress System. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:8-16. [PMID: 35272295 DOI: 10.1159/000523975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human organisms have to cope with a large number of external or internal stressful stimuli that threaten - or are perceived as threatening - their internal dynamic balance or homeostasis. To face these disturbing forces, or stressors, organisms have developed a complex neuroendocrine system, the stress system, which consists of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous system. SUMMARY Upon exposure to stressors beyond a certain threshold, the activation of the stress system leads to a series of physiological and behavioral adaptations that help achieve homeostasis and increase the chances of survival. When, however, the stress response to stressors is inadequate, excessive, or prolonged, the resultant maladaptation may lead to the development of several stress-related pathologic conditions. Adverse environmental events, especially during critical periods of life, such as prenatal life, childhood, and puberty/adolescence, in combination with the underlying genetic background, may leave deep, long-term epigenetic imprints in the human expressed genome. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we describe the components of the stress system and its functional interactions with other homeostatic systems of the organism; we present the hormonal regulators of the stress response, and we discuss the development of stress-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kazakou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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11
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Goswami J, MacArthur TA, Ramachandran D, Mahony C, Howick AS, Price-Troska T, Thompson RJ, Spears GM, Bailey KR, Patnaik MS, Passos JF, Park MS, Ferrer A. TELOMERE LENGTH OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DISCHARGE DISPOSITION IN OLDER TRAUMA PATIENTS. Shock 2023; 59:327-333. [PMID: 36427074 PMCID: PMC10505495 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Little is known regarding peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length (PBMC-TL) and response to traumatic injury. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of PBMC-TL in coagulation and clinical outcomes after injury. Methods: Plasma and buffy coats were prospectively collected from trauma patients and healthy volunteers. DNA was purified and PBMC-TL quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Thrombin generation kinetics were expressed as lag time (in minutes), peak height (in nanometers), time to peak (in minutes), and endogenous thrombin potential (in nM × min). Results are in median and quartiles [Q1, Q3]. P < 0.05 was considered significant (Wilcoxon rank sum testing). Results: Forty-two younger patients (21 [20, 22] years, 69% were male) and 39 older patients (62 [61, 64] years, 79% were male) were included. There was no significant difference in Clinical Frailty Scores between groups. Younger patients had longer total PBMC-TL (0.40 Mb [0.30, 0.49] vs. 0.29 Mb [0.23, 0.33], P < 0.001) and longer average PBMC-TL per chromosome (4.3 kb [3.3, 5.3] vs. 3.2 kb [2.5, 3.7], P < 0.001). When older patients were stratified by 50th percentile of PBMC-TL, there were no differences in thrombin generation; however, those with shorter telomeres were less likely to be discharged home (29% vs. 77%, P = 0.004). Older patients in the bottom quartile of PBMC-TL had shorter lag time (2.78 min [2.33, 3.00] vs. 3.33 min [3.24, 3.89], P = 0.030) and were less likely to be discharged home (22% vs. 90%, P = 0.006) than those in the top quartile of PBMC-TL. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed both increased age and shorter PBMC-TL to be independent predictors of discharge disposition other than home. Conclusion: In older trauma patients, shorter PBMC-TL is associated with accelerated initiation of thrombin generation and lower likelihood of being discharged to home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Goswami
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Taleen A. MacArthur
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Dhanya Ramachandran
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Cillian Mahony
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Annelise S. Howick
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Tammy Price-Troska
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Riley J. Thompson
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Grant M. Spears
- Clinical Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Kent R. Bailey
- Clinical Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Mrinal S. Patnaik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Joao F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center for Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Myung S. Park
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 1 St SW, Rochester, MN 55905
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12
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Slavich GM, Roos LG, Mengelkoch S, Webb CA, Shattuck EC, Moriarity DP, Alley JC. Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:5-59. [PMID: 36718584 PMCID: PMC10161928 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human health and behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus and led to numerous conceptual, measurement, and reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims to address these issues by using the primary goal and regulatory logic of the human brain and immune system as the basis for specifying the social-environmental situations to which these systems should respond most strongly to maximize reproductive success and survival. This analysis gave rise to the integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, which transforms thinking about stress biology and provides a biologically based, evolutionary account for how and why experiences of social safety and social threat are strongly related to health, well-being, aging, and longevity. In doing so, the theory advances a testable framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of health disparities as well as how health-relevant biopsychosocial processes crystalize over time and how perceptions of the social environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, and self-harm to affect health. The theory also highlights several interventions for reducing social threat and promoting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia G. Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian A. Webb
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C. Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research and Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P. Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenna C. Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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McGowan A, Barry MR, Sonneville KR, Leung CW. Greater social adversity is associated with more disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among children from Southeast Michigan. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1670-1677. [PMID: 35833678 PMCID: PMC10084038 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the association between indicators of social adversity, including socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity, and children's disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. METHODS Children ages 8-10 years old (n = 183) were recruited from Michigan. Data were collected through in-home surveys. The Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT-24) measured disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in the sample. Cumulative social adversity was considered the sum of four binary variables: caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver education, household income, and child-reported food security status. Linear mixed models examined the association between social adversity indicators and ChEAT-24 scores. RESULTS Children of primary caregivers of color had significantly higher ChEAT-24 scores than children of white caregivers (p = .03). Children who reported food insecurity had significantly higher ChEAT-24 scores compared to children who reported food security (p = .01). Compared to children with the lowest social adversity score, children with the highest score had a 4.8-unit higher ChEAT-24 score (95% CI .3-9.4), after adjusting for covariates. A significant trend was observed for greater social adversity and higher ChEAT-24 score (p-trend = .02). CONCLUSION A linear association was observed between greater social adversity and more disordered eating behaviors and attitudes among children in this sample. These findings emphasize the need for eating disorder research in children from racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations to support future prevention efforts. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Greater exposure to social adversity was associated with more disordered eating behaviors among preadolescent children. Given that eating disorders are understudied in lower-income and minority racial/ethnic populations, this study highlights the need for additional research to better support prevention and treatment efforts among children from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea McGowan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mikayla R Barry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Lockwood KG, Peddie L, Crosswell AD, Hives BA, Slopen N, Almeida DM, Puterman E. Effects of Chronic Burden Across Multiple Domains and Experiences of Daily Stressors on Negative Affect. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1056-1067. [PMID: 35195708 PMCID: PMC9528775 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to chronic psychological stress across multiple life domains (multi-domain chronic burden) is associated with poor health. This may be because multi-domain chronic burden influences daily-level emotional processes, though this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested. PURPOSE The current study tested whether (a) multi-domain chronic burden is associated with greater exposure to daily stressors and (b) multi-domain chronic burden compounds negative affect on days with stressors compared to stressor-free days. METHODS The MIDUS Study (Wave II) and the National Study of Daily Experiences sub-study were conducted from 2004 to 2006 (N = 2,022). Participants reported on eight life domains of psychological stress used to create a multi-domain chronic burden summary score. For eight consecutive days, participants reported the daily occurrence of stressful events and daily negative affect. RESULTS Participants with greater multi-domain chronic burden were significantly more likely to report daily stressors. There was also a significant interaction between multi-domain chronic burden and daily stressors on negative affect: participants with higher multi-domain chronic burden had greater negative affect on stressor days than stressor-free days compared to those with lower multi-domain chronic burden. CONCLUSION Participants with higher multi-domain chronic burden were more likely to report daily stressors and there was a compounding effect of multi-domain chronic burden and daily stressors on negative affect. These results suggest that experiencing a greater amount of psychological stress across multiple life domains may make daily stressors more toxic for daily affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Lockwood
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luke Peddie
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexandra D Crosswell
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Hives
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA,USA
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
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De Ruyter T, Martens DS, Bijnens EM, Nawrot TS, De Henauw S, Michels N. A multi-exposure approach to study telomere dynamics in childhood: A role for residential green space and waist circumference. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113656. [PMID: 35691385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are vulnerable to various environmental exposures and lifestyle factors, encompassed in the exposome. Recent research shows that telomere length is substantially determined early in life and that exposures in childhood may have important consequences in setting later life telomere length. OBJECTIVES We explore in a child population the associations of 17 exposures with telomere length and longitudinal telomere change. METHODS Children (2.8-10.3y at baseline, 51.3% boys) were followed-up for five to seven years. Relative telomere length was measured at baseline and follow-up using quantitative real-time PCR. Exposures and lifestyle factors included: body composition (body mass index and waist circumference), dietary habits (sugar- and fat-rich food intake, vegetables and fruit intake), psychosocial stress (events, emotions, behaviour), sleep duration, physical activity, and residential environmental quality (longterm black carbon, particulate matter exposure, and residential green space). Cross-sectional (n=182) and longitudinal (n=150) analyses were assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status and multiple testing. RESULTS Our longitudinal analyses showed that higher residential green space at baseline was associated with (β=0.261, p=0.002) lower telomere attrition and that children with a higher waist circumference at baseline showed a higher telomere attrition (β=-0.287, p=0.001). These two predictors were confirmed via LASSO variable selection and correction for multiple testing. In addition, children with more unhealthy exposures at baseline had a significantly higher telomere attrition over the follow-up period compared to children with more healthy exposures (β=-0.200, p=0.017). DISCUSSION Waist circumference and residential green space were identified as predictors associated with telomere attrition in childhood. These results further support the advantages of a healthy lifestyle from early age onwards and the importance of a green environment to promote molecular longevity from childhood onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaïs De Ruyter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Esmée M Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Blood profile, hormones, and telomere responses: potential biomarkers in horses exhibiting abnormal oral behaviour. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 118:104130. [PMID: 36182046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of abnormal oral behaviour (AOB) in working horses has been linked to management issues and the pathophysiology of this behaviour remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the blood profile, hormones, and telomere length responses between low and high levels of AOB among different horse working groups. A total of 207 healthy horses from various breeds were initially selected from four working groups (leisure riding, equestrian, endurance, and patrolling) and observed for the time spent on AOB. Then, six horses each with higher and lower AOB than the population means were randomly selected from each of the working groups and categorized as high and low AOB horses, respectively. Blood samples were collected for haematology, biochemistry, cortisol, ghrelin, leptin, and relative telomere length analyses. High AOB horses notably had higher values of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine kinase (CK) compared to low AOB horses. High AOB horses also recorded higher plasma cortisol and ghrelin, but lower leptin concentrations. Among working groups, both endurance and patrolling horses presented the highest values in sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, ALT, and CK. While patrolling horses had the lowest levels of urea, ALP, and albumin levels, equestrian and leisure horses recorded the highest and lowest plasma cortisol and leptin concentrations, respectively. Finally, the telomere length of endurance and patrolling horses were significantly greater than leisure and equestrian horses. The present findings suggest that AOB horses had distinctive physiological characteristics that could be linked to improper diet and a demanding workload, while ghrelin and leptin hormones could be potential biomarkers for this behaviour.
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17
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Telomere fragility in radiology workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionising radiation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:23-30. [PMID: 35390241 PMCID: PMC8999593 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation damages DNA directly and indirectly through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Although telomeres have been reported as indicators of radiosensitivity, their maintenance in response to occupational exposure to low radiation doses is still a matter of debate. In this work we aimed to investigate telomere length and structure in hospital workers occupationally exposed to X-rays and to relate these findings to oxidation of biomolecules and chromosome aberrations. Blood samples of exposed participants and matching controls were taken during periodical check-ups. Chromosome aberrations and telomere length and structure were analysed in peripheral blood lymphocytes using Q-FISH, whereas oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation, and 8-oxo-dG] were measured in plasma samples. Based on the CA findings we divided the exposed group into two subgroups, of which one had chromosome aberrations in the first division metaphases and the other did not. There was no significant difference in telomere length between any of the groups. However, both subgroups showed significantly higher rate of fragile telomeres and higher lipid peroxidation product and 8-oxo-dG levels than controls. The rate of fragile telomeres significantly correlated with plasma levels of 8-oxo-dG, which suggests that continuous exposure to low radiation doses induces oxidative base damage of guanine resulting in telomere fragility.
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18
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Marasco V, Smith S, Angelier F. How does early-life adversity shape telomere dynamics during adulthood? Problems and paradigms. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100184. [PMID: 35122449 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although early-life adversity has been associated with negative consequences during adulthood, growing evidence shows that such adversity can also lead to subsequent stress resilience and positive fitness outcomes. Telomere dynamics are relevant in this context because of the link with developmental conditions and longevity. However, few studies have assessed whether the effects of early-life adversity on developmental telomere dynamics may relate to adult telomere dynamics. We propose that the potential links between early-life adversity and adult telomere dynamics could be driven by developmental constraints (the Constraint hypothesis), by the nature/severity of developmental adversity (the Resilience hypothesis), or by developmental-mediated changes in individual life-history strategies (the Pace of Life hypothesis). We discuss these non-mutually exclusive hypotheses, explore future research directions, and propose specific studies to test these hypotheses. Our article aims to expand our understanding of the evolutionary role of developmental conditions on adult telomere dynamics, stress resilience and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marasco
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology (KLIVV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Smith
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology (KLIVV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (LRU), UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
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19
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Wulsin LR, Sagui-Henson SJ, Roos LG, Wang D, Jenkins B, Cohen BE, Shah AJ, Slavich GM. Stress Measurement in Primary Care: Conceptual Issues, Barriers, Resources, and Recommendations for Study. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:267-275. [PMID: 35067657 PMCID: PMC8976751 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to stressors in daily life and dysregulated stress responses are associated with increased risk for a variety of chronic mental and physical health problems, including anxiety disorders, depression, asthma, heart disease, certain cancers, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this fact, stress exposure and responses are rarely assessed in the primary care setting and infrequently targeted for disease prevention or treatment. METHOD In this narrative review, we describe the primary reasons for this striking disjoint between the centrality of stress for promoting disease and how rarely it is assessed by summarizing the main conceptual, measurement, practical, and reimbursement issues that have made stress difficult to routinely measure in primary care. The following issues will be reviewed: a) assessment of stress in primary care, b) biobehavioral pathways linking stress and illness, c) the value of stress measurements for improving outcomes in primary care, d) barriers to measuring and managing stress, and e) key research questions relevant to stress assessment and intervention in primary care. RESULTS On the basis of our synthesis, we suggest several approaches that can be pursued to advance this work, including feasibility and acceptability studies, cost-benefit studies, and clinical improvement studies. CONCLUSIONS Although stress is recognized as a key contributor to chronic disease risk and mortality, additional research is needed to determine how and when instruments for assessing life stress might be useful in the primary care setting, and how stress-related data could be integrated into disease prevention and treatment strategies to reduce chronic disease burden and improve human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson R Wulsin
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, University of Cincinnati, and Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center (Wulsin), Cincinnati, Ohio; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine (Sagui-Henson), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Health Psychology PhD Program (Roos), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina; Center for Economic and Social Research (Wang), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Center on Stress & Health, and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (Jenkins), University of California, Irvine; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (Cohen), San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology (Shah), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Shah), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (Shah), Decatur, Georgia; and Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (Slavich), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Coimbra BM, Carvalho CM, van Zuiden M, Williamson RE, Ota VK, Mello AF, Belangero SI, Olff M, Mello MF. The impact of neighborhood context on telomere length: A systematic review. Health Place 2022; 74:102746. [PMID: 35123384 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates the association between neighborhood context and health. The underlying biological mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the association between neighborhood context and telomere length (TL), a DNA-protein complex that shortens after cell division. Short TL is linked to age-related diseases and may be impacted by chronic stress. Nineteen eligible articles identified through PubMed and Scopus met inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated inconsistent support for the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and short TL. However, findings across several studies provide evidence for an inverse association between perceived neighborhood problems and TL, suggesting that TL may be an important factor in understanding health vulnerabilities associated specifically with negative perceptions of the neighborhood context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Lindqvist D. The Complex Relationship Between Early-Life Stress and Cellular Aging. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:5-7. [PMID: 36324600 PMCID: PMC9616349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Doom JR. Advantages of a Developmental Psychopathology Approach to Studying the Antecedents of Physical Health. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022; 31:e2250. [PMID: 35330610 PMCID: PMC8939899 DOI: 10.1002/icd.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of developmental psychopathology has traditionally focused on mental health, there has been increasing interest in exploring how psychological and developmental factors are associated with physical health. I argue that the principles of developmental psychopathology may be particularly useful for understanding physical health across development. I discuss how researchers can apply the following developmental psychopathology principles to the study of physical health: 1) dimensional measurement of stress exposure, 2) the multifaceted nature of risk and resilience, 3) focus on processes and pathways, and 4) lifespan development and intergenerational effects. I provide several future directions and considerations for work in this area, many of which are consistent with the new goals of Infant and Child Development.
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23
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Kahl VFS, da Silva J. Inorganic elements in occupational settings: A review on the effects on telomere length and biology. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503418. [PMID: 34798938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have shown that telomere crisis is highly affected by external factors. Effects of human exposure to xenobiotics on telomere length (TL), particularly in their workplace, have been largely studied. TL has been shown to be an efficient biomarker in occupational risk assessment. This is the first review focusing on studies about the effects on TL from occupational exposures to metals (lead [Pb] and mixtures), and particulate matter (PM) related to inorganic elements. Data from 15 studies were evaluated regarding occupational exposure to metals and PM-associated inorganic elements and impact on TL. Potential complementary analyses and subjects' background (age, length of employment and gender) were also assessed. There was limited information on the correlations between work length and TL dynamics, and that was also true for the correlation between age and TL. Results indicated that TL is affected differently across the types of occupational exposure investigated in this review, and even within the same exposure, a variety of effects can be observed. Fifty-three percent of the studies observed decreased TL in occupational exposure among welding fumes, open-cast coal mine, Pb and PM industries workers. Two studies focused particularly on the levels of metals and association with TL, and both linear and non-linear associations were found. Interestingly, TL modifications were accompanied by increase in DNA damage in 7 out of 8 studies that investigated it, measured either by Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay or Comet assay. Five studies also investigated oxidative stress parameters, and 4 of them found increased levels of oxidative damage along with TL impairment. Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms by which telomeres are affected due to their high guanine content. Our review highlights the need of further studies accessing TL in simultaneous occupational exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av Farroupilha 8001, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil; LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Av Victor Barreto 2288, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92010-000, Brazil.
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Byrne ML, Lind MN, Horn SR, Mills KL, Nelson BW, Barnes ML, Slavich GM, Allen NB. Using mobile sensing data to assess stress: Associations with perceived and lifetime stress, mental health, sleep, and inflammation. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211037227. [PMID: 34777852 PMCID: PMC8580497 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211037227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although stress is a risk factor for mental and physical health problems, it
can be difficult to assess, especially on a continual, non-invasive basis.
Mobile sensing data, which are continuously collected from naturalistic
smartphone use, may estimate exposure to acute and chronic stressors that
have health-damaging effects. This initial validation study validated a
mobile-sensing collection tool against assessments of perceived and lifetime
stress, mental health, sleep duration, and inflammation. Methods Participants were 25 well-characterized healthy young adults
(Mage = 20.64 years, SD = 2.74; 13 men, 12
women). We collected affective text language use with a custom smartphone
keyboard. We assessed participants’ perceived and lifetime stress,
depression and anxiety levels, sleep duration, and basal inflammatory
activity (i.e. salivary C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β). Results Three measures of affective language (i.e. total positive words, total
negative words, and total affective words) were strongly associated with
lifetime stress exposure, and total negative words typed was related to
fewer hours slept (all large effect sizes:
r = 0.50 – 0.78). Total positive words, total negative
words, and total affective words typed were also associated with higher
perceived stress and lower salivary C-reactive protein levels (medium effect
sizes; r = 0.22 – 0.32). Conclusions Data from this initial longitudinal validation study suggest that total and
affective text use may be useful mobile sensing measures insofar as they are
associated with several other stress, mental health, behavioral, and
biological outcomes. This tool may thus help identify individuals at
increased risk for stress-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Sarah R Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Teixeira MZ. Telomere and Telomerase: Biological Markers of Organic Vital Force State and Homeopathic Treatment Effectiveness. HOMEOPATHY 2021; 110:283-291. [PMID: 34000743 PMCID: PMC8575553 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Philosophical-scientific correlations described in previous studies suggest that the genome can be the biological representation of the vital force, whilst the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the biological representation of the chronic miasmas. In this study, we expand the functional correlation between vital force and chromosomes, describing the mechanism of action of the telomere-telomerase complex in the context of physiological balance. AIMS The aim of the work is to study the role of the telomere-telomerase complex in cell vitality, biological aging, and the health-disease process, with the goal of proposing the use of telomere length as a biomarker of the vital force state and the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. RESULTS Similar to the vital force, telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity play an important role in maintaining cellular vitality, biological longevity, and physiological homeostasis. Telomere shortening functions as a biomarker of vital imbalance and is associated with numerous diseases and health disorders. On the other hand, health-promotion practices neutralize the pathological shortening of the telomeres, acting therapeutically in diseases or age-dependent health disorders. CONCLUSIONS As a hypothetical biomarker of the vital force state, an intra-individual analysis of the mean leukocyte telomere length before, during, and after homeopathic treatment can be used as a biomarker of therapeutic effectiveness.
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Sichko S, Bui TQ, Vinograd M, Shields GS, Saha K, Devkota S, Olvera-Alvarez HA, Carroll JE, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Slavich GM. Psychobiology of Stress and Adolescent Depression (PSY SAD) Study: Protocol overview for an fMRI-based multi-method investigation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100334. [PMID: 34595481 PMCID: PMC8478351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common, often recurrent disorder that causes substantial disease burden worldwide, and this is especially true for women following the pubertal transition. According to the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, stressors involving social stress and rejection, which frequently precipitate major depressive episodes, induce depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals in part by altering the activity and connectivity of stress-related neural pathways, and by upregulating components of the immune system involved in inflammation. To test this theory, we recruited adolescent females at high and low risk for depression and assessed their psychological, neural, inflammatory, and genomic responses to a brief (10 minute) social stress task, in addition to trait psychological and microbial factors affecting these responses. We then followed these adolescents longitudinally to investigate how their multi-level stress responses at baseline were related to their biological aging at baseline, and psychosocial and clinical functioning over one year. In this protocol paper, we describe the theoretical motivations for conducting this study as well as the sample, study design, procedures, and measures. Ultimately, our aim is to elucidate how social adversity influences the brain and immune system to cause depression, one of the most common and costly of all disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Q. Bui
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meghan Vinograd
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Department of Medicine, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Krinner LM, Warren-Findlow J, Bowling J, Issel LM, Reeve CL. The dimensionality of adverse childhood experiences: A scoping review of ACE dimensions measurement. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 121:105270. [PMID: 34419902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite extensive research, the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is not fully developed and there is low agreement on how the concept should be defined and measured. The purpose of this study was to 1) identify different conceptual dimensions associated with ACEs, such as timing or frequency; and 2) determine how these dimensions have been operationalized and analyzed to this point, in order to advance the conceptual understanding of ACEs. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of empirical journal articles on ACEs published after the original ACE-Study in 1998 to summarize the use of dimensions for the 10 conventional ACE domains. We used a PRISMA methodology to identify articles that assessed at least two of the 10 conventional ACE domains and at least two ACE dimensions. A standardized data extraction spreadsheet was used to record basic article information and specifics on ACE domains and dimensions. RESULTS Of 15,417 initial search results, 61 articles met all selection criteria. We identified four primary dimensions used for most ACE domains: frequency, timing, perception, and the role of the perpetrator. Additionally, we found several secondary and domain-specific dimensions, which relate to the intensity of the adverse event. DISCUSSION We identified the most commonly used ACE dimensions, but these lack standardized phrasing of items and response options. The inclusion of ACE dimensions may increase the accuracy of the association between ACEs and health outcomes and provide for more tailored treatment plans for people who have experienced ACEs. Future research should include a more comprehensive list of ACE domains and aim to develop a clearly articulated, standardized approach to assessing and analyzing ACE dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Krinner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - Jan Warren-Findlow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - L Michele Issel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - Charlie L Reeve
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
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Falcinelli M, Thaker PH, Lutgendorf SK, Conzen SD, Flaherty RL, Flint MS. The Role of Psychologic Stress in Cancer Initiation: Clinical Relevance and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5131-5140. [PMID: 34266894 PMCID: PMC8530873 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the physiologic response to psychologic stress influences the initiation of cancer is highly controversial. The link between initiating stressors, the psychologic stress response, and disease is plausible, considering that the stress response is associated with defined physiologic outcomes and molecular mechanisms. In light of this, we review the clinical relevance of psychologic stress on the risk of cancer, and we propose potential molecular pathways that may link the stress response to early stages of malignant cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falcinelli
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Centre for Stress and Age-related Diseases, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Renée L Flaherty
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Centre for Stress and Age-related Diseases, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Joo EJ, Ahn YM, Park M, Kim SA. Significant Shortening of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Korean Patients with Bipolar Disorder 1. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:559-563. [PMID: 34294626 PMCID: PMC8316664 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.3.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human and Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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30
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Teixeira MZ. Telomere length: biological marker of cellular vitality, aging, and health-disease process. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:173-177. [PMID: 34406239 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.02.20200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process occurs due to the decline of vital physiological functions and adaptability of the body, being influenced by genetics and lifestyle. With advances in genetics, biological aging can be calculated by telomere length. Telomeres are regions at the ends of chromosomes that play a role in the maintenance and integrity of DNA. With biological aging, telomere shortening occurs, causing cellular senescence. Several studies show that shorter telomeres are associated with acute and chronic diseases, stress, addictions, and intoxications. Even in the current COVID-19 pandemic, telomere shortening is proposed as a marker of severity in individuals infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On the other hand, healthy lifestyle habits increase telomere length and balance of various cellular functions, preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Zulian Teixeira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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31
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Schroder JD, de Araújo JB, de Oliveira T, de Moura AB, Fries GR, Quevedo J, Réus GZ, Ignácio ZM. Telomeres: the role of shortening and senescence in major depressive disorder and its therapeutic implications. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:227-255. [PMID: 34388328 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders, with a large number of patients not showing an effective therapeutic response to available treatments. Several biopsychosocial factors, such as stress in childhood and throughout life, and factors related to biological aging, may increase the susceptibility to MDD development. Included in critical biological processes related to aging and underlying biological mechanisms associated with MDD is the shortening of telomeres and changes in telomerase activity. This comprehensive review discusses studies that assessed the length of telomeres or telomerase activity and function in peripheral blood cells and brain tissues of MDD individuals. Also, results from in vitro protocols and animal models of stress and depressive-like behaviors were included. We also expand our discussion to include the role of telomere biology as it relates to other relevant biological mechanisms, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, and epigenetic changes. In the text and the discussion, conflicting results in the literature were observed, especially considering the size of telomeres in the central nervous system, on which there are different protocols with divergent results in the literature. Finally, the context of this review is considering cell signaling, transcription factors, and neurotransmission, which are involved in MDD and can be underlying to senescence, telomere shortening, and telomerase functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Daniela Schroder
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Beatrice de Araújo
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tacio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam Barbosa de Moura
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA.,Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBSB 3142, Houston77054, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Postal Code: 89815-899Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Bairro Universitário Postal Code: 88806-000Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Crosswell AD, Sagui-Henson S, Prather AA, Coccia M, Irwin MR, Epel ES. Psychological Resources and Biomarkers of Health in the Context of Chronic Parenting Stress. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:175-187. [PMID: 34357581 PMCID: PMC8343363 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies link psychological resources to better physical health. One reason may be that psychological resources are protective in stressful contexts. This study tested whether indeed psychological resources are protective against biological degradation for healthy mid-life women under the chronic stress of caring for a child with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (“caregivers”). Methods We tested whether five types of psychosocial resources (i.e., eudaimonic well-being, autonomy, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and mastery) were associated with biological indices of aging in a sample of mid-life women stratified by chronic stress; half were caregivers (n = 92) and half were mothers of neurotypical children (n = 91; controls). Selected stress and age related biological outcomes were insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systemic inflammation (IL-6, CRP), and cellular aging (leukocyte telomere length). We tested whether each resource was associated with these biomarkers, and whether caregiving status and high parenting stress moderated that relationship. Results All the psychological resources except mastery were significantly negatively associated with insulin resistance, while none were related to systemic inflammation or telomere length. The relationships between eudaimonic well-being and HOMA-IR, and self-acceptance and HOMA-IR, were moderated by parental stress; lower resources were associated with higher insulin resistance, but only for women reporting high parental stress. The well-known predictors of age and BMI accounted for 46% of variance in insulin resistance, and psychological resources accounted for an additional 13% of variance. Conclusion These findings suggest that higher eudaimonic well-being and greater self-acceptance may be protective for the metabolic health of mid-life women, and particularly in the context of high parenting stress. This has important implications given the rising rates of both parental stress and metabolic disease, and because psychological interventions can increase eudaimonic well-being and self-acceptance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12529-021-10007-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Crosswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 465, CA 94118 San Francisco, USA
| | - Sara Sagui-Henson
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Fransisco, CA San Francisco, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 465, CA 94118 San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Coccia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 465, CA 94118 San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 465, CA 94118 San Francisco, USA
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Ämmälä AJ, Suvisaari J, Kananen L, Lönnqvist J, Ripatti S, Pirkola S, Paunio T, Hovatta I. Childhood adversities are associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length at adult age in a population-based study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 130:105276. [PMID: 34051657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are repeat sequences and an associated protein complex located at the end of the chromosomes. They shorten with every cell division and are regarded markers for cellular aging. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been observed in many complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. However, analyses focusing on psychiatric disorders are mainly based on clinical samples and the significance of shorter LTL on the population level remains uncertain. We addressed this question in a population-based sample from Finland (N = 7142). The survey was performed and the blood samples were collected in 2000-2001 to assess major public health problems and their determinants. DSM-IV diagnoses of major psychiatric illnesses were obtained by interview using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Information regarding their risk factors, including the number of self-reported childhood adversities, recent psychological distress, and sleep difficulties was collected by questionnaires. LTL was measured by qPCR. None of the studied psychiatric illnesses, sleep difficulties, or recent psychological distress associated with LTL. However, individuals with three or more childhood adversities had shorter LTL at adult age (β = -0.006, P = 0.005). Also, current occupational status was associated with LTL (β = -0.03, P = 0.04). These effects remained significant after adjusting for known LTL-associated lifestyle or sociodemographic factors. In conclusion, relatively common childhood adversities were associated with shorter LTL at adult age in a nationally representative population-based cohort, implying that childhood adversities may cause accelerated telomere shortening. Our finding has potentially important implications as it supports the view that childhood adversities have an impact on psychological and somatic well-being later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti-Jussi Ämmälä
- Department of Genetics and Biomarkers, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kananen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Finland; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Genetics and Biomarkers, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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The Association of Individual Changes in Stressful Life Events and Telomere Length Over Time in Twins 50 Years and Older. Psychosom Med 2021; 82:614-622. [PMID: 32427758 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to adverse stressors has been associated with shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL). The present longitudinal study investigates the time course of exposure to life events and LTL to determine whether increases in exposure to life events are related to subsequent accelerated LTL shortening. METHODS In the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, we assessed late-life stressful events and LTL in 543 individual participants (mean age = 68.4 years, 40% men, including 48 complete monozygotic twin pairs and 167 complete dizygotic twin pairs) in up to five separate measurements over a period of 25 years. LTL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using time-varying mixed modeling, corrected for life-style factors and depressive symptoms. RESULTS When adjusting for differences in genetic makeup by looking only in monozygotic twins, we found that an increase in life stressors within an individual was related to decreased LTL over time (B = -0.02; 95% confidence interval = -0.04 to 0.01; p = .002). None of the findings were significant when only looking at dizygotic twins (all, p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings in an older population show a causal relation between increase in life stress and accelerated LTL shortening by using intraindividual time-varying analysis.
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Vaiserman A, Krasnienkov D. Telomere Length as a Marker of Biological Age: State-of-the-Art, Open Issues, and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 11:630186. [PMID: 33552142 PMCID: PMC7859450 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.630186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-known hallmark of both cellular senescence and organismal aging. An accelerated rate of telomere attrition is also a common feature of age-related diseases. Therefore, telomere length (TL) has been recognized for a long time as one of the best biomarkers of aging. Recent research findings, however, indicate that TL per se can only allow a rough estimate of aging rate and can hardly be regarded as a clinically important risk marker for age-related pathologies and mortality. Evidence is obtained that other indicators such as certain immune parameters, indices of epigenetic age, etc., could be stronger predictors of the health status and the risk of chronic disease. However, despite these issues and limitations, TL remains to be very informative marker in accessing the biological age when used along with other markers such as indices of homeostatic dysregulation, frailty index, epigenetic clock, etc. This review article is aimed at describing the current state of the art in the field and at discussing recent research findings and divergent viewpoints regarding the usefulness of leukocyte TL for estimating the human biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Krasnienkov
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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36
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Evans JR, Torres-Pérez JV, Miletto Petrazzini ME, Riley R, Brennan CH. Stress reactivity elicits a tissue-specific reduction in telomere length in aging zebrafish (Danio rerio). Sci Rep 2021; 11:339. [PMID: 33431974 PMCID: PMC7801459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in personality are associated with variation in healthy aging. Health behaviours are often cited as the likely explanation for this association; however, an underlying biological mechanism may also exist. Accelerated leukocyte telomere shortening is implicated in multiple age-related diseases and is associated with chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, providing a link between stress-related personality differences and adverse health outcomes. However, the effects of the HPA axis are tissue specific. Thus, leukocyte telomere length may not accurately reflect telomere length in disease-relevant tissues. Here, we examined the correlation between stress reactivity and telomere length in heart and brain tissue in young (6-9 month) and aging (18 month) zebrafish. Stress reactivity was assessed by tank diving and through gene expression. Telomere length was assessed using quantitative PCR. We show that aging zebrafish have shorter telomeres in both heart and brain. Telomere length was inversely related to stress reactivity in heart but not brain of aging individuals. These data support the hypotheses that an anxious predisposition contributes to accelerated telomere shortening in heart tissue, which may have important implications for our understanding of age-related heart disease, and that stress reactivity contributes to age-related telomere shortening in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Evans
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Jose V. Torres-Pérez
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Riva Riley
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS UK
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Pudas S, Josefsson M, Nordin Adolfsson A, Landfors M, Kauppi K, Veng-Taasti LM, Hultdin M, Adolfsson R, Degerman S. Short Leukocyte Telomeres, But Not Telomere Attrition Rates, Predict Memory Decline in the 20-Year Longitudinal Betula Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 76:955-963. [PMID: 33367599 PMCID: PMC8140048 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a proposed biomarker for aging-related disorders, including cognitive decline and dementia. Long-term longitudinal studies measuring intra-individual changes in both LTL and cognitive outcomes are scarce, precluding strong conclusions about a potential aging-related relationship between LTL shortening and cognitive decline. This study investigated associations between baseline levels and longitudinal changes in LTL and memory performance across an up to 20-year follow-up in 880 dementia-free participants from a population-based study (mean baseline age: 56.8 years, range: 40–80; 52% female). Shorter baseline LTL significantly predicted subsequent memory decline (r = .34, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.82), controlling for age, sex, and other relevant covariates. No significant associations were however observed between intra-individual changes in LTL and memory, neither concurrently nor with a 5-year time-lag between LTL shortening and memory decline. These results support the notion of short LTL as a predictive factor for aging-related memory decline, but suggest that LTL dynamics in adulthood and older age may be less informative of cognitive outcomes in aging. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of long-term longitudinal evaluation of outcomes in biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Center for Ageing and Demographic Research, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Sun Y, Fang J, Wan Y, Su P, Tao F. Association of Early-Life Adversity With Measures of Accelerated Biological Aging Among Children in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2013588. [PMID: 32955573 PMCID: PMC7506517 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A growing body of literature suggests that exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with accelerated biological aging, offering 1 mechanism through which ELA may be associated with an increased risk for age-related disease. These investigations, however, have been predominantly cross-sectional and focused on adults and females. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of threat-related (ie, physical abuse) and deprivation-related (ie, emotional neglect) ELA exposure with cellular and reproductive strategy metrics of biological aging among boys and girls with specific genetic backgrounds around the period of pubertal onset. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, 997 boys and girls in grade 1 to grade 3 from 3 large elementary schools were recruited from Bengbu, Anhui Province, China, and were followed up from March 21, 2016 (baseline; wave 1), for 4 consecutive years, through March 25, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The outcome was accelerated biological aging in both cellular and reproductive strategy metrics: telomere attrition and age at thelarche (for girls) and testicular maturation (for boys). Multi-informant assessment of exposure to threat-related and deprivation-related ELA was done at baseline (wave 1) and 1-year follow-up (wave 2). The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 17 single-nucleotide variations for early pubertal timing. RESULTS Of the 997 participants (579 girls [58.1%]; mean [SD] age at baseline, 8.0 [0.8] years), 550 (55.2%) reported exposure to threat-related ELA and 443 (44.4%) reported exposure to deprivation-related ELA. Threat-related ELA was associated with onset of thelarche 2.6 months earlier and deprivation-related ELA with onset of thelarche 3.3 months earlier in exposed girls than in unexposed peers; these associations were observed only among girls with a low PRS. Among boys, a similar pattern was found. Threat-related ELA was associated with testicular volume of 4 mL or more 1.4 months earlier and deprivation-related ELA was associated with testicular volume of 4 mL or more 2.3 months earlier than in unexposed peers but only among those with a low PRS. Boys and girls with greater exposure to threats showed a significantly higher percentage of telomere length change during 1-year follow-up, but only among those with low PRS (boys: β = 1.50; 95% CI, 0.80-2.21; P < .001; girls: β = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.78-3.05; P < .001) and moderate PRS (boys: β = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.43-1.75; P = .001; and girls: β = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.77-1.77; P < .001). No associations of deprivation-related ELA with percentage of telomere length change were found. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests that the accelerating association of ELA with biological aging might occur at an earlier age and in a genetic background-dependent and dimension-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Smith T, Johns-Wolfe E, Shields GS, Malat J, Jacquez F, Slavich GM. Associations between lifetime stress exposure and prenatal health behaviors. Stress Health 2020; 36:384-395. [PMID: 31994297 PMCID: PMC7384940 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal health behaviors can strongly influence risk of poor pregnancy birth outcomes. Although stress has been implicated in structuring the likelihood that individuals will engage in various prenatal health behavior patterns, no studies to date have examined life stress exposure occurring across the entire lifespan, and few have investigated how different types of stressors are comparatively associated with these outcomes. To address these issues, we interviewed 164 women at one of two large Midwestern, urban hospitals after delivering their first infant. We used the Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) to assess women's lifetime stress exposure severity and ordinary least squares regression models to examine associations between participants' life stress exposure and prenatal health behaviors. As hypothesized, greater lifetime stress exposure was associated with engaging in more negative prenatal health behaviors and fewer positive prenatal health behaviors while controlling for relevant sociodemographic factors and current perceived stress levels. These effects were stronger for negative versus positive health behaviors, and they differed substantially as a function of stressor type, exposure timing, and primary life domain. Stressors occurring over the life course thus have negative consequences for prenatal health behaviors, but these effects are not uniform across different types of life stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Grant S. Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jennifer Malat
- Office of the Dean, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and, Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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40
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McMullin SD, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Buchanan TW. Cumulative lifetime stress exposure predicts greater impulsivity and addictive behaviors. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2921-2936. [PMID: 32643970 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320937055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated whether lifetime stress exposure is associated with greater impulsivity and addictive behavior. We also examined whether stress and impulsivity interactively predicted food addiction and alcohol-related behavior. Greater lifetime stress exposure was related to more impulsivity and food addictive behaviors, but not alcohol-related consequences. There were no interactions between lifetime stress exposure and impulsivity in predicting addictive behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed that early and adulthood stress exposure predicted food addiction, whereas only adulthood stress predicted alcohol-related consequences. Therefore, lifetime stress exposure is related to impulsivity and addiction, but these effects differ by addiction outcome and specific timing of stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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41
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Banica I, Sandre A, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Weinberg A. The error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the association between interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms six months later. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:27-36. [PMID: 32277956 PMCID: PMC7335004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are often preceded by interpersonal stress; however, most individuals who experience stress do not develop anxiety, making it difficult to predict who is most susceptible to stress. One proposed trans-diagnostic neural risk marker for anxiety is the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform occurring within 100 ms of error commission. The present study sought to investigate whether interpersonal stress experienced over the course of a year interacts with ERN magnitude to prospectively predict anxiety symptoms. A sample of 57 emerging adults performed an arrow flanker task to elicit the ERN at the start of the academic school year (time one). Toward the end of the academic year (time two), participants reported on past-year interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms. Stress interacted with ERN magnitude to predict anxiety symptoms, whereby, for individuals with an enhanced ERN at time one, greater interpersonal stress over the course of a year was significantly associated with increased anxiety symptoms at time two, even controlling for anxiety symptoms at time one. These findings suggest that enhanced performance monitoring may render individuals more susceptible to the adverse effects of interpersonal stress, thereby increasing risk for heightened anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada.
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42
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Cazassa MJ, Oliveira MDS, Spahr CM, Shields GS, Slavich GM. The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3083. [PMID: 32063871 PMCID: PMC6999460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely hypothesized that stressors occurring over the lifespan exert a cumulative impact on health, but little work has directly tested these theories given the difficulty associated with measuring cumulative stress exposure over the lifespan. We addressed this issue in Brazil by translating the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) into Brazilian Portuguese. We then examined the instrument's usability and acceptability; concurrent, discriminant, predictive, and incremental validity; and test-retest reliability. Participants were 330 Brazilian adults (238 women; M age = 32.16; range: 18-76 years old) who completed the Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). They also completed measures of socioeconomic status, personality, social desirability, negative affect, physical and mental health complaints, sleep quality, executive function, and doctor-diagnosed general health problems and autoimmune disorders. The STRAIN exhibited excellent usability and acceptability and was completed in 16 min and 27 s, on average. It showed good concurrent validity relative to the CTQ-SF and PSS (rs ≥ 0.377) and good discriminant validity, both with and without adjusting for covariates. In addition, the STRAIN significantly predicted all of the health outcomes assessed except for executive function and explained substantial variance in these outcomes over and above the CTQ-SF, PSS, and covariates assessed. Finally, the test-retest reliability indices for total lifetime stressor count and severity were outstanding (r icc = 0.936 and 0.953, respectively, over M = 34.86 days). The Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese thus exhibits excellent usability and acceptability, good concurrent and discriminant validity, strong predictive and incremental validity across a variety of health outcomes, and outstanding test-retest reliability. We therefore conclude that the STRAIN is a practical, valid, and reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians looking to efficiently assess cumulative lifetime stress exposure in Brazilian Portuguese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton J. Cazassa
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Margareth da S. Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Chandler M. Spahr
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Seiler A, von Känel R, Slavich GM. The Psychobiology of Bereavement and Health: A Conceptual Review From the Perspective of Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565239. [PMID: 33343412 PMCID: PMC7744468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Losing a spouse is considered one of the most stressful life events a person can experience. Particularly in the immediate weeks and months after the loss, bereavement is associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite an abundance of research aimed at identifying risk factors for adverse health outcomes following marital death, the mechanisms through which mental and physical health problems emerge following bereavement remain poorly understood. To address this issue, the present review examines several pathways that may link bereavement and health, including inflammation and immune dysregulation, genetic and epigenetic changes, gut microbiota activity, and biological aging. We then describe how these processes may be viewed from the perspective of the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression to provide a novel framework for understanding individual differences in long-term trajectories of adjustment to interpersonal loss. Finally, we discuss several avenues for future research on psychobiological mechanisms linking bereavement with mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Seiler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Slavich GM, Taylor S, Picard RW. Stress measurement using speech: Recent advancements, validation issues, and ethical and privacy considerations. Stress 2019; 22:408-413. [PMID: 30945584 PMCID: PMC7081839 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1584180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life stress is a well-established risk factor for a variety of mental and physical health problems, including anxiety disorders, depression, chronic pain, heart disease, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this article is to describe emerging approaches for assessing stress using speech, which we do by reviewing the methodological advantages of these digital health tools, and the validation, ethical, and privacy issues raised by these technologies. As we describe, it is now possible to assess stress via the speech signal using smartphones and smart speakers that employ software programs and artificial intelligence to analyze several features of speech and speech acoustics, including pitch, jitter, energy, rate, and length and number of pauses. Because these digital devices are ubiquitous, we can now assess individuals' stress levels in real time in almost any natural environment in which people speak. These technologies thus have great potential for advancing digital health initiatives that involve continuously monitoring changes in psychosocial functioning and disease risk over time. However, speech-based indices of stress have yet to be well-validated against stress biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, cytokines) that predict disease risk. In addition, acquiring speech samples raises the possibility that conversations intended to be private could one day be made public; moreover, obtaining real-time psychosocial risk information prompts ethical questions regarding how these data should be used for medical, commercial, and personal purposes. Although assessing stress using speech thus has enormous potential, there are critical validation, privacy, and ethical issues that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, USA
| | - Sara Taylor
- Affective Computing Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Rosalind W. Picard
- Affective Computing Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA02139, USA
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Sturmbauer SC, Shields GS, Hetzel EL, Rohleder N, Slavich GM. The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in German: An overview and initial validation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216419. [PMID: 31071135 PMCID: PMC6508721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Life stress is a key determinant of poor mental and physical health, but until recently no instrument existed for efficiently assessing cumulative stress exposure and severity across the entire lifespan. The Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) is an online, interview-based stress assessment system that was developed to address this need. We examined the concurrent, predictive, and discriminant validity of a German translation of the STRAIN by administering the instrument, along with several other measures of stress and health, to 298 adults (81 men, 217 women, Mage = 30.3 years). The German STRAIN demonstrated excellent concurrent validity, as evidenced by associations with other instruments assessing early adversity (|rs|≥.62, ps≤.001). It also correlated with instruments assessing recent life event exposure in adulthood (|rs|≥.48, ps≤.001), as well as recent perceived stress (|rs|≥ .25, ps≤.001) and recent chronic stress levels (|rs|≥ .19, ps≤.001). Additionally, the German STRAIN showed strong predictive validity in relation to anxiety symptoms (|rs|≥ .22, ps≤.001) and depressive symptoms (|rs|≥ .33, ps≤.001). Finally, the German STRAIN showed good discriminant validity, with lifetime stressor count being unrelated to personality features like neuroticism. These results demonstrate that the German version of the STRAIN is a valid tool for assessing lifetime stress exposure and severity. Additional research is needed to examine how the German STRAIN predicts psychological and biological stress reactivity and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Sturmbauer
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Eva-Luca Hetzel
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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