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Sil A, Sil A, Dhillon P. Modelling Determinants of Deaths Attributable to External Causes Among Adults in India. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:1254-1271. [PMID: 33832368 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211009736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at finding the risk factors associated with adult mortality (15-59 years) due to external causes (accidents, suicide, poisoning, homicide, and violence). Using National Family Health Survey data-4 consisting of 1,756,867 sample, we applied a Robust Poisson Regression Model to determine the potential risk factors. Findings suggest that the highest proportion of deaths due to external causes was in the age group 20-24 years. The prevalence of these deaths was higher among older adults (age 50 years and above). The risk was more among males (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR) for females is: 0.29, p < 0.001), rural residents (IRR: 1.16, p < 0.001), exposed to mass-media (IRR: 1.08, p < 0.05), residing in female-headed households, in households having a member with higher education. This risk decreased for large families (IRR: 0.89, p < .001). A need to strengthen awareness and mentorship programs for young-adults and middle-aged people to control such avoidable deaths is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apyayee Sil
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpan Sil
- Symbiosis Statistical Institute, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Preeti Dhillon
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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2
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Chwo MJ, Huang YC, Huang SH, Chung RJ, Sun CA, Chung CH, Wang BL, Chien WC. Males with low income and catastrophic illnesses are important risk factors for in-hospital homicide-related deaths in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29785. [PMID: 35801749 PMCID: PMC9259112 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate not only the differences in in-hospital deaths between male and female homicides in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015, but also the epidemiological characteristics and long-term trend analysis. We collected data on 76,125 hospitalized patients injured in attempted homicides from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2015, from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), identifying 59,161 male and 16,694 female patients. Age, gender, and index date match. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risks of gender differences in terms of homicide. The death risk of male patients was 1.673 times that of female patients and the mortality risk of low-income male patients was 3.447 times greater than that of non-low-income male patients. Moreover, the in-hospital death risk was 23.584 and 5.064 times higher for male and female patients with catastrophic illness, respectively, compared to patients with noncritical diseases. There is a higher trend of male than female patients hospitalized after an attempted homicide. Gender differences are significantly related to homicide, with males having a higher risk of death risk from homicide than females, especially in terms of low-income and catastrophic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ju Chwo
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Wu-Chien Chien, Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 7115R, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Nei-hu District, Taipei, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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3
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Ding K, Sur PJ, Mbianyor MA, Carvalho M, Oke R, Dissak-Delon FN, Signe-Tanjong M, Mfopait FY, Essomba F, Mbuh GE, Etoundi Mballa GA, Christie SA, Juillard C, Chichom Mefire A. Mobile telephone follow-up assessment of postdischarge death and disability due to trauma in Cameroon: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056433. [PMID: 35383070 PMCID: PMC8984008 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Cameroon, long-term outcomes after discharge from trauma are largely unknown, limiting our ability to identify opportunities to reduce the burden of injury. In this study, we evaluated injury-related death and disability in Cameroonian trauma patients over a 6-month period after hospital discharge. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Four hospitals in the Littoral and Southwest regions of Cameroon. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1914 patients entered the study, 1304 were successfully contacted. Inclusion criteria were patients discharged after being treated for traumatic injury at each of four participating hospitals during a 20-month period. Those who did not possess a cellular phone or were unable to provide a phone number were excluded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) was administered to trauma patients at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post discharge. Median GOSE scores for each timepoint were compared and regression analyses were performed to determine associations with death and disability. RESULTS Of 71 deaths recorded, 90% occurred by 2 weeks post discharge. At 6 months, 22% of patients still experienced severe disability. Median (IQR) GOSE scores at the four timepoints were 4 (3-7), 5 (4-8), 7 (4-8) and 7 (5-8), respectively, (p<0.01). Older age was associated with greater odds of postdischarge disability (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.41) and mortality (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.52 to 3.04), while higher education was associated with decreased odds of disability (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.73) and mortality (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.47). Open fractures (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.18) and closed fractures (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.42 to 2.36) were associated with greater postdischarge disability, while higher Injury Severity Score (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.13 to 2.79) and neurological injuries (OR: 4.40, 95% CI: 3.25 to 5.96) were associated with greater odds of postdischarge mortality. CONCLUSION Mobile follow-up data show significant morbidity and mortality, particularly for orthopaedic and neurologic injuries, up to 6 months following trauma discharge. These results highlight the need for reliable follow-up systems in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ding
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick J Sur
- Department of Surgery, Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Melissa Carvalho
- Department of Surgery, Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rasheedat Oke
- Department of Surgery, Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Florentine Y Mfopait
- Department of Surgery, University of Buea Faculty of Health Sciences, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Frank Essomba
- Department of Surgery, University of Buea Faculty of Health Sciences, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Golda E Mbuh
- Department of Surgery, University of Buea Faculty of Health Sciences, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - S Ariane Christie
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Department of Surgery, Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alain Chichom Mefire
- Department of Surgery, University of Buea Faculty of Health Sciences, Buea, Cameroon
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Hsing SC, Chen CC, Huang SH, Huang YC, Wang BL, Chung CH, Sun CA, Chien WC, Wu GJ. Trends in Homicide Hospitalization and Mortality in Taiwan, 1998-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074341. [PMID: 35410022 PMCID: PMC8998703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In Taiwan, the national research on homicide is rare, mostly discussing the issue of child abuse. We sought to better understand the characteristics and risk factors of homicide through a retrospective cohort study from 1998 to 2015. “Child battering and other maltreatment” ranked first for the 0–4 age group and second for the 5–14 age group. The hospital mortality was 511 deaths. We found that the 25–44 age group had the highest risk and accounted for 44.76% of hospitalization. The most common causes were “fight, brawl, and rape” (49.12%), “cutting and piercing instruments,” (13.16%) and “child battering and other forms of maltreatment” (4.72%). Additionally, the percentages of “fight, brawl, and rape,” “firearms and explosives,” and “cutting and piercing instruments” were significantly higher among males than among females. The percentages of “hanging and strangulation,” “corrosive or caustic substance,” “child battering and other maltreatment,” “submersion,” and “poisoning” were significantly higher among females than males. Factors associated with homicide in-hospital mortality included gender, age, low income, catastrophic disease, Charlson comorbidity index score, urbanization level, hospital level, classification of hospitalization, and surgery. Overall, the trend of hospitalization rates due to homicide decreased both by gender and age group, except for the 0–4 age group: cause of homicide first, hanging and strangulation second, firearms and explosives third; type of injury, hospitalized patients with “vascular injuries” first, joint and muscle sprain, and intracranial, chest, and abdominal pelvic injuries second, and “burns” third with a higher risk of death. Homicide reduction requires a comprehensive strategy beyond specific victim groups. Interagency collaboration should be strengthened, especially between law enforcement/criminal justice and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Hsing
- Center for Healthcare Quality Management, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-A.S.); (W.-C.C.); (G.-J.W.)
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-A.S.); (W.-C.C.); (G.-J.W.)
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-A.S.); (W.-C.C.); (G.-J.W.)
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5
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Gender Differences in the Epidemiological Characteristics and Long-Term Trends of Injuries in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052531. [PMID: 35270224 PMCID: PMC8909776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study used a long-term trend analysis to investigate whether gender differences were related to the risk of injury and epidemiological characteristics in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015. Materials and methods: Data on 4,647,259 hospitalized patients that were injured from 1 January 1998, to 31 December 2015 were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Among the injured patients, 2,721,612 males and 1,925,446 females were identified. Patients were age-, gender-, and index date-matched. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risks of injury via gender differences. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The injury risk of the male patients was 1.4 times higher than that of female patients (AOR = 1.427, 95% CI = 1.40−1.44). The rising trend of male injured hospitalized patients was also greater than that of female injured hospitalized patients. Conclusion: Males were more at risk of injury than females. Gender differences were related to the increased risk of epidemiological characteristics of injury.
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6
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Sil A, Sil A, Dhillon P, Mog M. Factors affecting External causes of deaths among adults (15–59 years) in South Indian states: A study using Bayesian model on National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16) data. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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7
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Whitson BA, McGonigal MD, Anderson CP, Dries DJ. Increasing Numbers of Rib Fractures Do Not Worsen Outcome: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481307900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age and number of rib fractures are thought to portend a worse outcome with blunt chest trauma, although this is not clearly substantiated in the literature. We hypothesized that these parameters have a significant and synergistic effect, worsening patient outcome. Using the National Trauma Data Bank, we evaluated patients from 2002 to 2006. Patients with a rib fracture International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code were included; those with sternal fractures were excluded. Data on demographics, injury, comorbidity, complications, intensive care unit duration, ventilator duration, length of stay, and death were collected. Significant univariate predictors were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for any potential confounders. We identified 35,467 patients who met the inclusion. The mean age was 45.5 years with a mean Injury Severity Score of 19.3. There were 2.1 per cent open rib fractures. Using univariate analysis, rib fracture number was significant. However, once multivariate analyses were applied, the number of rib fractures was not found to be an independent predictor of outcome. The number of rib fractures is not an independent predictor of outcome. Age and overall trauma burden are more powerful predictors of poor outcomes. Treatment focus should shift from the chest to the broader scope of injuries and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Whitson
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
| | - Michael D. McGonigal
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
- Regions Hospital, HealthPartners, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - David J. Dries
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
- Regions Hospital, HealthPartners, St. Paul, Minnesota
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8
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Crowe CS, Massenburg BB, Morrison SD, Chang J, Friedrich JB, Abady GG, Alahdab F, Alipour V, Arabloo J, Asaad M, Banach M, Bijani A, Borzì AM, Briko NI, Castle CD, Cho DY, Chung MT, Daryani A, Demoz GT, Dingels ZV, Do HT, Fischer F, Fox JT, Fukumoto T, Gebre AK, Gebremichael B, Haagsma JA, Haj-Mirzaian A, Handiso DW, Hay SI, Hoang CL, Irvani SSN, Jozwiak JJ, Kalhor R, Kasaeian A, Khader YS, Khalilov R, Khan EA, Khundkar R, Kisa S, Kisa A, Liu Z, Majdan M, Manafi N, Manafi A, Manda AL, Meretoja TJ, Miller TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Mokdad AH, Naimzada MD, Ndwandwe DE, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Pham HQ, Pribadi DRA, Rabiee N, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranganathan K, Roberts NLS, Roever L, Safari S, Samy AM, Sanchez Riera L, Shahabi S, Smarandache CG, Sylte DO, Tesfay BE, Tran BX, Ullah I, Vahedi P, Vahedian-Azimi A, Vos T, Woldeyes DH, Wondmieneh AB, Zhang ZJ, James SL. Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. Inj Prev 2020; 26:i115-i124. [PMID: 32169973 PMCID: PMC7571361 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations. RESULTS The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, the age-standardised incidence of hand and wrist fractures was 179 per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 146 to 217), whereas the less common injuries of thumb and non-thumb digit amputation were 24 (95% UI 17 to 34) and 56 (95% UI 43 to 74) per 100 000, respectively. Rates of injury vary greatly by region, and improvements have not been equally distributed. The highest burden of hand trauma is currently reported in high SDI countries. However, low-middle and middle SDI countries have increasing rates of hand trauma by as much at 25%. CONCLUSIONS Certain regions are noted to have high rates of hand trauma over the study period. Low-middle and middle SDI countries, however, have demonstrated increasing rates of fracture and amputation over the last 27 years. This trend is concerning as access to quality and subspecialised surgical hand care is often limiting in these resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stephen Crowe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin Ballard Massenburg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shane Douglas Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James Chang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Barton Friedrich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gdiom Gebreheat Abady
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malke Asaad
- Plastic Surgery Department, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Antonio Maria Borzì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nikolay Ivanovich Briko
- Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chris D Castle
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Youngwhan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
- School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.,Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zachary V Dingels
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hoa Thi Do
- Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Florian Fischer
- Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jack T Fox
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Gene Expression & Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Juanita A Haagsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Rohollah Kalhor
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Roba Khundkar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zichen Liu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Navid Manafi
- Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ali Manafi
- Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana-Laura Manda
- Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tuomo J Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ted R Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Mohammad A Mohseni Bandpei
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mukhammad David Naimzada
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tinuke O Olagunju
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nicholas L S Roberts
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Saeed Safari
- Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdallah M Samy
- Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lidia Sanchez Riera
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Syndey, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache
- Surgery 2nd Department - SUUB, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Surgery 2nd Department, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dillon O Sylte
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.,TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Facility, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dawit Habte Woldeyes
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Adam Belay Wondmieneh
- Department of Nursing, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zhi-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Spencer L James
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Klevens J, Ports KA, Austin C, Ludlow IJ, Hurd J. A cross-national exploration of societal-level factors associated with child physical abuse and neglect. Glob Public Health 2018; 13:1495-1506. [PMID: 29182043 PMCID: PMC5972049 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2017.1404622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Children around the world experience violence at the hands of their caregivers at alarming rates. A recent review estimates that a minimum of 50% of children in Asia, Africa, and North America experienced severe physical violence by caregivers in the past year, with large variations between countries. Identifying modifiable country-level factors driving these geographic variations has great potential for achieving population-level reductions in rates of child maltreatment. This study builds on previous research by focusing on caregiver-reported physical abuse and neglect victimisation, examining 22 societal factors representing 11 different constructs among 42 countries from 5 continents at different stages of development. Our findings suggest that gender inequity may be important for both child physical abuse and neglect. Indicators of literacy and development may also be important for child neglect. Given the limitations of the correlational findings and measurement issues, it is critical to continue to investigate societal-level factors of child maltreatment so that interventions and prevention efforts can incorporate strategies that have the greatest potential for population-level impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Klevens
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie A. Ports
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chelsea Austin
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivan J. Ludlow
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hurd
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Violence in Colombia and Mexico: trend and impact on life expectancy of homicide mortality between 1998 and 2015. Public Health 2018; 163:1-8. [PMID: 30005276 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colombia is considered one of the most violent countries in the world even though homicide mortality has decreased since 2002. Mexico's homicide rate has tripled since 2008, after a period of decreasing mortality; this fact has been compared with Colombia in the 1990s and defined as a 'Colombianization' of violence in Mexico. We analyzed and compared the trend and impact of homicide mortality in Colombia and Mexico between 1998 and 2015. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS We calculated the standardized mortality rates and the years of life lost using data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico and the National Management Department of Statistics in Colombia. We used the joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in the mortality trend. RESULTS During the 1990s, Colombia reached the highest homicide mortality rates in the world, but these rates have since decreased significantly. In Mexico, homicide mortality had a decreasing trend from 1998 to 2007; however, since 2008, the rate grew significantly, and although mortality tended to decrease after reaching its peak in 2011, a slight upturn was observed in 2015. CONCLUSIONS We found that the trend in mortality in both countries has had certain similarities, such as the increase in mortality after the implementation of antidrug policies and the subsequent decrease; however, the political processes, the level of mortality reached, its impact on life expectancy, and its distribution by gender are dissimilar. We consider speaking of a 'Colombianization' of violence in Mexico to be inaccurate.
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11
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Zhu Y, Jiang X, Li H, Wang Y, Xu G. Demographic Factors Associated With Leading Causes of Injury Mortality in Ningbo, China: 2004-2013. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 28:706-716. [PMID: 27733451 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516669430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Injuries have emerged as a crucial public health concern in China. Data were obtained from the death registry system in Ningbo during 2004-2013. Mortality rates resulting from all injuries and the 6 most common types of injuries were analyzed to identify time trends using linear regression models on both the absolute scale and log scale. A decreased male to female ratio and increasing age were observed among the total injury deaths. The annual all-injury mortality rates declined considerably during the observation period. Injury mortality rates for motor vehicle traffic crashes, drowning, and suicide all showed a deceasing trend; however, only mortality from falls showed an increasing trend. There was a sharp increasing trend among females, with a disproportionate number of falls. The injury patterns in Ningbo are mostly comparable to those in high-income countries. Appropriate preventive strategies should be urgently tailored to control this aggressive evolution in older individuals and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchao Zhu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Yong Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, P R China
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12
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Poverty and suicide research in low- and middle-income countries: systematic mapping of literature published in English and a proposed research agenda. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2016; 3:e32. [PMID: 28596900 PMCID: PMC5454768 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where rates of poverty are high. Evidence suggests a relationship between economic variables and suicidal behaviour. To plan effective suicide prevention interventions in LMICs we need to understand the relationship between poverty and suicidal behaviour and how contextual factors may mediate this relationship. We conducted a systematic mapping of the English literature on poverty and suicidal behaviour in LMICs, to provide an overview of what is known about this topic, highlight gaps in literature, and consider the implications of current knowledge for research and policy. Eleven databases were searched using a combination of key words for suicidal ideation and behaviours, poverty and LMICs to identify articles published in English between January 2004 and April 2014. Narrative analysis was performed for the 84 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most English studies in this area come from South Asia and Middle, East and North Africa, with a relative dearth of studies from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the available evidence comes from upper middle-income countries; only 6% of studies come from low-income countries. Most studies focused on poverty measures such as unemployment and economic status, while neglecting dimensions such as debt, relative and absolute poverty, and support from welfare systems. Most studies are conducted within a risk-factor paradigm and employ descriptive statistics thus providing little insight into the nature of the relationship. More robust evidence is needed in this area, with theory-driven studies focussing on a wider range of poverty dimensions, and employing more sophisticated statistical methods.
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13
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Bozzay ML, Liu RT, Kleiman EM. Gender and age differences in suicide mortality in the context of violent death: findings from a multi-state population-based surveillance system. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1077-84. [PMID: 24793560 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Males are more likely than females to die by all forms of violent death, including suicide. The primary purpose of the present study was to explore whether the gender difference in suicide rates is largely accounted for by males' general greater tendency to experience violent deaths. The current study examined gender and age differences in suicides and other violent deaths, using data from a population-based surveillance system. METHOD Pearson's chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted with data for 32,107 decedents in the 2003-2005 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Decedents were categorized by gender, age, and death by suicide versus other violent means. RESULTS When suicides were examined in the greater context of violent death, the total proportion of violent deaths due to suicide did not differ across gender. When deaths were examined by age group, after controlling for ethnicity, marital status, and U.S. location in which the death occurred, males in early to mid childhood were significantly more likely than same-aged females to die by suicide relative to all other violent deaths. The portion of deaths due to suicide was for the most part equal across both genders in late childhood, young adulthood, and mid-adulthood. Older males were more likely than older females to die by suicide relative to other violent deaths. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that that the risk of dying by suicide relative to other violent deaths may be more pronounced at certain developmental stages for each gender. This knowledge may be valuable in tailoring prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Bozzay
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Santosa A, Wall S, Fottrell E, Högberg U, Byass P. The development and experience of epidemiological transition theory over four decades: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:23574. [PMID: 24848657 PMCID: PMC4038769 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological transition (ET) theory, first postulated in 1971, has developed alongside changes in population structures over time. However, understandings of mortality transitions and associated epidemiological changes remain poorly defined for public health practitioners. Here, we review the concept and development of ET theory, contextualising this in empirical evidence, which variously supports and contradicts the original theoretical propositions. DESIGN A Medline literature search covering publications over four decades, from 1971 to 2013, was conducted. Studies were included if they assessed human populations, were original articles, focused on mortality and health or demographic or ET and were in English. The reference lists of the selected articles were checked for additional sources. RESULTS We found that there were changes in emphasis in the research field over the four decades. There was an increasing tendency to study wide-ranging aspects of the determinants of mortality, including risk factors, lifestyle changes, socio-economics, and macro factors such as climate change. Research on ET has focused increasingly on low- and middle-income countries rather than industrialised countries, despite its origins in industrialised countries. Countries have experienced different levels of progress in ET in terms of time, pace, and underlying mechanisms. Elements of ET are described for many countries, but observed transitions have not always followed pathways described in the original theory. CONCLUSIONS The classic ET theory largely neglected the critical role of social determinants, being largely a theoretical generalisation of mortality experience in some countries. This review shows increasing interest in ET all over the world but only partial concordance between established theory and empirical evidence. Empirical evidence suggests that some unconsidered aspects of social determinants contributed to deviations from classic theoretical pathways. A better-constructed, revised ET theory, with a stronger basis in evidence, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailiana Santosa
- Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Stig Wall
- Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ulf Högberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Byass
- Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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El Tayeb S, Abdalla S, Heuch I, Van den Bergh G. Socioeconomic and disability consequences of injuries in the Sudan: a community-based survey in Khartoum State. Inj Prev 2013; 21:e56-62. [PMID: 24225061 PMCID: PMC4392305 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatal and non-fatal injuries are of increasing public health concern globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Injuries sustained by individuals also impact society, creating a loss of productivity with serious economic consequences. In Sudan, there is no documentation of the burden of injuries on individuals and society. METHODS A community-based survey was performed in Khartoum State, using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. Households were selected in each cluster by systematic random sampling. Face-to-face interviews during October and November 2010 were conducted. Fatal injuries occurring during 5 years preceding the survey and non-fatal injuries occurring during 12 months preceding interviews were included. RESULTS The total number of individuals included was 5661, residing in 973 households. There were 28 deaths due to injuries out of a total of 129 reported deaths over 5 years. A total of 441 cases of non-fatal injuries occurred during the 12 months preceding the survey. The number of disability days differed significantly between mechanisms of injury. Road traffic crashes and falls caused the longest duration of disability. Men had a higher probability than women of losing a job due to an injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of prioritising prevention of road traffic crashes and falls. The loss of productivity in lower socioeconomic strata highlights the need for social security policies. Further research is needed for estimating the economic cost of injuries in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally El Tayeb
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Overlege Danielsens Hus, Bergen, Norway School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
| | | | - Ivar Heuch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graziella Van den Bergh
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Overlege Danielsens Hus, Bergen, Norway Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Imamura JH, Troster EJ, Oliveira CACD. What types of unintentional injuries kill our children? Do infants die of the same types of injuries? A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1107-16. [PMID: 23018311 PMCID: PMC3438254 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(09)20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review mortality from external causes (accidental injury) in children and adolescents in systematically selected journals. This was a systematic review of the literature on mortality from accidental injury in children and adolescents. We searched the Pubrvled, Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences and Excerpta Medica databases for articles published between July of 2001 and June of 2011. National data from official agencies, retrieved by manual searches, were also reviewed. We reviewed 15 journal articles, the 2011 edition of a National Safety Council publication and 2010 statistical data from the Brazilian National Ministry of Health Mortality Database. Most published data were related to high-income countries. Mortality from accidental injury was highest among children less than 1 year of age. Accidental threats to breathing (non-drowning threats) constituted the leading cause of death among this age group in the published articles. Across the pediatric age group in the surveyed studies, traffic accidents were the leading cause of death, followed by accidental drowning and submersion. Traffic accidents constitute the leading external cause of accidental death among children in the countries understudy. However, infants were vulnerable to external causes, particularly to accidental non-drowning threats to breathing, and this age group had the highest mortality rates for external causes. Actions to reduce such events are suggested. Further studies investigating the occurrence of accidental deaths in low-income countries are needed to improve the understanding of these preventable events.
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17
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Ae-Ngibise KA, Masanja H, Kellerman R, Owusu-Agyei S. Risk factors for injury mortality in rural Tanzania: a secondary data analysis. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001721. [PMID: 23166132 PMCID: PMC3533022 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries rank high among the leading causes of death and disability annually, injuring over 50 million and killing over 5 million people globally. Approximately 90% of these deaths occur in developing countries. OBJECTIVES To estimate and identify the risk factors for injury mortality in the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (RHDSS) in Tanzania. METHODS Secondary data from the RHDSS covering the period 2002 and 2007 was examined. Verbal autopsy data was used to determine the causes of death based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Trend and Poisson regression tests were used to investigate the associations between risk factors and injury mortality. RESULTS The overall crude injury death rate was 33.4/100 000 population. Injuries accounted for 4% of total deaths. Men were three times more likely to die from injuries compared with women (adjusted IRR (incidence risk ratios)=3.04, p=0.001, 95% CI (2.22 to 4.17)). The elderly (defined as 65+) were 2.8 times more likely to die from injuries compared with children under 15 years of age (adjusted IRR=2.83, p=0.048, 95% CI (1.01 to 7.93)). The highest frequency of deaths resulted from road traffic crashes. CONCLUSIONS Injury is becoming an important cause of mortality in the Rufiji district. Injury mortality varied by age and gender in this area. Most injuries are preventable, policy makers need to institute measures to address the issue.
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18
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Muazzam S, Nasrullah M. Macro determinants of cause-specific injury mortality in the OECD countries: an exploration of the importance of GDP and unemployment. J Community Health 2011; 36:574-82. [PMID: 21116697 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and unemployment has a strong documented impact on injury mortality. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship of GDP per capita and unemployment with gender- and cause-specific injury mortalities in the member nations of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Country-based data on injury mortality per 100,000 population, including males and females aged 1-74, for the 4 year period 1996-1999, were gathered from the World Health Organization's Statistical Information System. We selected fourteen cause-specific injury mortalities. Data on GDP, unemployment rate and population growth were taken from World Development Indicators. GDP and unemployment rate per 100 separately were regressed on total and cause-specific injury mortality rate per 100,000 for males and females. Overall in the OECD countries, GDP per capita increased 12.5% during 1996-1999 (P = 0.03) where as unemployment rate decreased by 12.3% (P = 0.05). Among males, most cause-specific injury mortality rates decreased with increasing GDP except motor vehicle traffic crashes (MTC) that increased with increasing GDP (coefficient = 0.75; P < 0.001). Similar trend was found in females, except suicidal injury mortalities that also increased with increasing GDP (coefficient = 0.31; P = 0.04). When we modeled cause-specific injury mortality rates with unemployment, injuries due to firearm missiles (coefficient = 0.53; P < 0.001), homicide (coefficient = 0.36; P < 0.001), and other violence (coefficient = 0.41; P < 0.001) increased with increase in unemployment rate among males. However, among females only accidental falls (coefficient = 0.36; P = 0.01) were found significantly associated with increasing unemployment rate. GDP is more related to cause-specific injury mortality than unemployment. Injury mortality does not relate similarly to each diagnosis-specific cause among males and females. Further research on causation with more predictors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Muazzam
- Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, PO Box 9151, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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19
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Hu Y, Wu L, Yu X, Zhang D, Liu X, Wang Y. Analysis of injury death trends among women in Macheng City, China, 1984-2008. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:698. [PMID: 21910916 PMCID: PMC3182933 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on trends in injury death rates in China during the recent decades of tremendous change in this society. This paper examined trends in injury mortality rates among women aged 15 years or older in Macheng City from 1984-2008. METHODS Data on injury deaths in women from 1984 to 2008 were obtained from the Death Registry System in Macheng City. Injuries were classified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th editions. RESULTS The average overall injury death rate of women aged 15 or older was 87.6/100,000 in Macheng City from 1984-2008. Injuries were the leading cause of death for women aged 15-44 and the fourth cause of death for all women during this period. The all-cause injury mortality rate decreased from 149.01 per 100,000 population in 1984 to 32.90 per 100,000 population in 2008 for women. Road traffic injury (RTI) was the only injury for which the mortality rate increased dramatically from 1984 (1.35 per 100,000) to 2008 (4.63 per 100,000). For all age groups, suicide was the leading cause of injury death. For women aged 15 to 64, RTI and drowning were the second and third leading causes of injury deaths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The injury mortality rate for women aged 15 years or older decreased by 77.92% from 1984-2008. In contrast, RTI deaths increased sharply in the 2000s compared with the 1980s. Although the suicide rate decreased dramatically, it was still the leading cause of injury death for women. Research is needed to identify risk factors contributing to the increase in RTI and decrease in suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Bayi Avenue 318, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Bayi Avenue 318, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Dekai Zhang
- Health Department of Macheng city, Jiangjun North Street 117, Macheng, Hubei Province, 438300, China
| | - Xiaoxian Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
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20
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Sorenson SB. Gender disparities in injury mortality: consistent, persistent, and larger than you'd think. Am J Public Health 2011; 101 Suppl 1:S353-8. [PMID: 21778511 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2010.300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to update knowledge about gender differences in injury mortality. METHODS Data were drawn from the Web-based Injury Query System, which contains US injury mortality data from 1981 to 2007. Male-to-female rate ratios in injury mortality are calculated for key variables, and age and ethnic group comparisons are made. RESULTS Boys and men were more likely than girls and women to die of injury. From 1981 to 2007, the male-to-female age-adjusted rate ratio decreased by 20% to 2.15 for unintentional injury and increased by 11% to 3.91 for violence-related injury. Excess male mortality existed in manner of death, cause of death, and within ethnic and age groups. Additionally, with rare exception, the gender disparity was greater than ethnic and age disparities in unintentional and violence-related injury mortality. CONCLUSIONS Gender disparities in injury mortality are consistent and persistent. Gender patterns in injury mortality do not follow typical social justice analyses of health, in that men are at greater risk. Lifestyle and behavioral risks as well as masculine socialization merit consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Sorenson
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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