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Bush SJ, Goriely A. Can the male germline offer insight into mammalian brain size expansion? Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39291969 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic data have greatly expanded our understanding of both spermatogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of male infertility. However, this growing wealth of data could also shed light on a seemingly unrelated biological problem: the genetic basis of mammalian brain size expansion throughout evolution. It is now increasingly recognized that the testis and brain share many cellular and molecular similarities including pivotal roles for the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, mutations in which are known to have a pronounced impact on cell proliferation. Most notably, in the stem cell lineages of both organs, new mutations have been shown to increase cellular output over time. These include 'selfish' mutations in spermatogonial stem cells, which disproportionately increase the proportion of mutant sperm, and-to draw a parallel-human-specific mutations in neural stem cells which, by increasing the number of neurons, have been implicated in neocortical expansion. Here we speculate that the origin for many 'expansion'-associated mutations is the male germline and that as such, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms controlling testicular turnover may yield fresh insight into the biology and evolution of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bush
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anne Goriely
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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2
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Dai X, Liu G, Pan C, Li F, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen G, Zhang M, Fei Q, Zheng J, Huang H, Wu Z. Individual and joint associations of air pollutants exposure with semen quality: A retrospective longitudinal study in Wenzhou, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02095-7. [PMID: 39060503 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of air pollution on semen quality has been confirmed, yet the joint effect remains unclear. We evaluate the individual and joint associations of particulate (PM2.5 and PM10) and gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3 and CO) with semen quality. METHODS We included 5,114 men in this study from 2014 to 2022. The individual and joint associations were measured by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Sperm motility and semen volume were inversely associated with pollutant concentrations during every stage of sperm development, especially at lag days 0-9 and 10-14 (all P < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed that the study pollutants (except CO) had a positive effect on semen concentration during the stage of sperm development, especially in spring and autumn, while a decreased total sperm number was associated with CO (all P < 0.05). However, joint associations of particulate and gaseous pollutants with semen quality parameters were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During all stages of sperm development, particulate and gaseous pollutants had individual negative impacts on sperm motility and semen volume, and these impacts were less pronounced in spring and autumn. Our findings highlight the importance and necessity of reducing the exposure to pollutants especially in the critical stage of sperm development to improve semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chengshuang Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Feidi Li
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Hospital Infection Control Management Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qianjin Fei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiujia Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hong Huang
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China.
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Cannarella R, Leanza C, Crafa A, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE. Sperm Mesoderm Specific Transcript Gene Methylation Status in Infertile Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:543-554. [PMID: 37853535 PMCID: PMC11216954 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mesoderm specific transcription (MEST) gene is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that appears to play a role in embryo survival. The latest meta-analysis on MEST methylation pattern in spermatozoa of infertile patients found higher methylation in spermatozoa from infertile patients than fertile controls. To provide an updated and comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the MEST gene methylation pattern in patients with abnormal sperm parameters compared to men with normal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023397056) and performed following the MOOSE guidelines for Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Only original articles evaluating MEST gene methylation in spermatozoa from patients with infertility or abnormalities in one or more sperm parameters compared to fertile or normozoospermic men were included. RESULTS Of 354 abstracts evaluated for eligibility, only 6 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, involving a total of 301 patients and 163 controls. Our analysis showed significantly higher levels of MEST gene methylation in patients compared with controls (standard mean difference [SMD] 2.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.377, 3.922; p=0.017), although there was significant heterogeneity between studies (Q-value=239.90, p<0.001; I²=97.91%). No significant evidence of publication bias was found, although one study was sensitive enough to skew the results, leading to a loss of significance (SMD 1.543, 95% CI -0.300, 3.387; p=0.101). In meta-regression analysis, we found that the results were independent of both ages (p=0.6519) and sperm concentration (p=0.2360). CONCLUSIONS Sperm DNA methylation may be associated with epigenetic risk in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). The MEST gene could be included in the genetic panel of prospective studies aimed at identifying the most representative and cost-effective genes to be analyzed in couples undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Claudia Leanza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Eugenio Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Leanza C, Cannarella R, Barbagallo F, Gusmano C, Calogero AE. Does Sperm SNRPN Methylation Change with Fertility Status and Age? A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:445. [PMID: 38398047 PMCID: PMC10886537 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N (SNRPN) gene is a paternally expressed imprinted gene, whose abnormal methylation appears to be associated with syndromes associated with the use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), such as Angelman and Prader-Willi. Data present in the literature suggest the association between aberrant sperm SNRPN gene methylation and abnormal sperm parameters. The latest meta-analysis on the methylation pattern of this gene in spermatozoa of infertile patients published in 2017 reported a higher degree of methylation in the spermatozoa of infertile patients compared to fertile controls. Objectives: Here we provide an updated and comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the sperm methylation pattern of the SNRPN gene in patients with abnormal sperm parameters/infertility compared to men with normal sperm parameters/fertile. For the first time in the literature, we performed a meta-regression analysis to evaluate whether age or sperm concentration could influence the methylation status of this gene at the sperm level. Methods: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (n. CRD42023397056). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the MOOSE guidelines for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of observational studies were strictly followed in our meta-analysis. According to our Population Exposure Comparison Outcome (PECO) question, we included data from original articles assessing the levels of SNRPN gene methylation at the sperm level in infertile patients or patients with abnormalities in one or more sperm parameters compared to fertile or normozoospermic men. Results: Only six of 354 screened studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our analysis showed significantly higher levels of SNRPN gene methylation in patients compared to controls. However, significant heterogeneity was found between studies. In sensitivity analysis, no studies were sensitive enough to skew the results. The Egger test showed no publication bias. In the meta-regression analysis, the results were independent of age and sperm concentration in the overall population. The same results were found in the control group. However, when analyzing the patient group, a direct correlation was found between SNRPN methylation and age, indicating that the degree of methylation of the SNRPN gene increases with advancing age. Conclusions: Fertility status or abnormality of sperm parameters is associated with a change in the methylation pattern of the SNRPN gene, with higher levels found in infertile patients or those with abnormal sperm parameters compared to fertile men or men with normal sperm parameters. In the group of infertile patients/patients with abnormal sperm parameters, age was directly correlated to the degree of SNRPN methylation, highlighting the presence of a mechanism that explains the age-related altered sperm quality and the risk of ART. Despite some limitations present in the analyzed studies, our results support the inclusion of SNRPN methylation in the genetic panel of prospective studies aimed at identifying the most representative and cost-effective genes to analyze in couples who want to undergo ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leanza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.G.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.G.); (A.E.C.)
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.G.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Carmelo Gusmano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.G.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.); (F.B.); (C.G.); (A.E.C.)
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Feinberg JI, Schrott R, Ladd-Acosta C, Newschaffer CJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Croen LA, Daniele Fallin M, Feinberg AP, Volk HE. Epigenetic changes in sperm are associated with paternal and child quantitative autistic traits in an autism-enriched cohort. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:43-53. [PMID: 37100868 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to consider paternal contributions to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) more strongly. Autism etiology is complex, and heritability is not explained by genetics alone. Understanding paternal gametic epigenetic contributions to autism could help fill this knowledge gap. In the present study, we explored whether paternal autistic traits, and the sperm epigenome, were associated with autistic traits in children at 36 months enrolled in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) cohort. EARLI is a pregnancy cohort that recruited and enrolled pregnant women in the first half of pregnancy who already had a child with ASD. After maternal enrollment, EARLI fathers were approached and asked to provide a semen specimen. Participants were included in the present study if they had genotyping, sperm methylation data, and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) score data available. Using the CHARM array, we performed genome-scale methylation analyses on DNA from semen samples contributed by EARLI fathers. The SRS-a 65-item questionnaire measuring social communication deficits on a quantitative scale-was used to evaluate autistic traits in EARLI fathers (n = 45) and children (n = 31). We identified 94 significant child SRS-associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and 14 significant paternal SRS-associated DMRs (fwer p < 0.05). Many child SRS-associated DMRs were annotated to genes implicated in ASD and neurodevelopment. Six DMRs overlapped across the two outcomes (fwer p < 0.1), and, 16 DMRs overlapped with previous child autistic trait findings at 12 months of age (fwer p < 0.05). Child SRS-associated DMRs contained CpG sites independently found to be differentially methylated in postmortem brains of individuals with and without autism. These findings suggest paternal germline methylation is associated with autistic traits in 3-year-old offspring. These prospective results for autism-associated traits, in a cohort with a family history of ASD, highlight the potential importance of sperm epigenetic mechanisms in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Feinberg
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rose Schrott
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Newschaffer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Autism Research Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Zhou S, Ou H, Wu Y, Qi D, Pei X, Yu X, Hu X, Wu E. Targeting tumor endothelial cells with methyltransferase inhibitors: Mechanisms of action and the potential of combination therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108434. [PMID: 37172786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) reside in the inner lining of blood vessels and represent a promising target for targeted cancer therapy. DNA methylation is a chemical process that involves the transfer of a methyl group to a specific base in the DNA strand, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). DNMT inhibitors (DNMTis) can inhibit the activity of DNMTs, thereby preventing the transfer of methyl groups from s-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to cytosine. Currently, the most viable therapy for TECs is the development of DNMTis to release cancer suppressor genes from their repressed state. In this review, we first outline the characteristics of TECs and describe the development of tumor blood vessels and TECs. Abnormal DNA methylation is closely linked to tumor initiation, progression, and cell carcinogenesis, as evidenced by numerous studies. Therefore, we summarize the role of DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase and the therapeutic potential of four types of DNMTi in targeting TECs. Finally, we discuss the accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities associated with combination therapy with DNMTis for TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hailong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yatao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Texas A & M University Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaming Pei
- Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Research Institute of Hunan University in Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 78508, USA; Texas A & M University Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Detection of aberrant DNA methylation patterns in sperm of male recurrent spontaneous abortion patients. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:163-172. [PMID: 36617979 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in sperm are a cause of embryonic failure and infertility, and could be a critical factor contributing to male recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential effects of sperm DNA methylation levels in patients with male RSA. We compared sperm samples collected from fertile men and oligoasthenospermia patients. Differentially methylated sequences were identified by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) methods. The DNA methylation levels of the two groups were compared and qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes showing differential methylation. The results indicated that no difference in base distribution was observed between the normal group and the patient group. However, the chromosome methylation in these two groups was markedly different. One site was located on chromosome 8 and measured 150 bp, while the other sites were on chromosomes 9, 10, and X and measured 135 bp, 68 bp, and 136 bp, respectively. In particular, two genes were found to be hypermethylated in these patients, one gene was DYDC2 (placed in the differential methylation region of chromosome 10), and the other gene was NXF3 (located on chromosome X). Expression levels of DYDC2 and NXF3 in the RSA group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that changes in DNA methylation might be related to male RSA. Our findings provide important information regarding the potential role of sperm DNA methylation in human development.
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Odroniec A, Olszewska M, Kurpisz M. Epigenetic markers in the embryonal germ cell development and spermatogenesis. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:6. [PMID: 36814207 PMCID: PMC9948345 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process of generation of male reproductive cells from spermatogonial stem cells in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. During spermatogenesis, key spermatogenic events such as stem cell self-renewal and commitment to meiosis, meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, followed by cellular and chromatin remodeling of elongating spermatids occur, leading to sperm cell production. All the mentioned events are at least partially controlled by the epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Additionally, during embryonal development in primordial germ cells, global epigenetic reprogramming of DNA occurs. In this review, we summarized the most important epigenetic modifications in the particular stages of germ cell development, in DNA and histone proteins, starting from primordial germ cells, during embryonal development, and ending with histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeusz Odroniec
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60–479 Poznan, Poland
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9
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Laqqan MM, Yassin MM. Effect of hubble-bubble smoking on global DNA methylation and transcription levels of protamine and histone genes in human spermatozoa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:53-60. [PMID: 36744325 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2174326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the impact of hubble-bubble smoking on global DNA methylation, DNA fragmentation; protamine deficiency of spermatozoa, and to determine whether the transcription levels of the protamine and histone genes are different in hubble-bubble smokers compared to nonsmokers. Five hundred semen samples were collected from males with an average age of 32.2 ± 6.1 years (300 hubble-bubble smokers "60%" and 200 nonsmokers "40%"). The nucleic acid was isolated from purified sperm, then ELISA and qPCR were used to evaluate the global DNA methylation and transcription level of protamine and histone, respectively. A significant elevation in global DNA methylation, protamine deficiency, and DNA fragmentation was found in hubble-bubble smokers compared to nonsmokers (P < 0.0001). A significant decline was shown in transcription levels of protamine and histone genes in hubble-bubble compared to nonsmokers (P < 0.0001). Additionally, a down-regulation in the transcription levels of protamine and histone was revealed in hubble-bubble compared to nonsmokers with fold change (0.0001 and 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, this study provided proof that hubble-bubble smoking has a negative impact on global DNA methylation, DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, and the transcription of protamine and histone genes in spermatozoa, and these findings influence negatively males' fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Laqqan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University "Graduate", Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Maged M Yassin
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
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10
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Young plasma transfer recovers decreased sperm counts and restores epigenetics in aged testis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112042. [PMID: 36481396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aging is one of the causes of male infertility, and abnormal global DNA methylation and imprinting defects have been characterized in testis during biological aging. One of the important emerging approaches aims to take advantage of the healing properties of young blood plasma to limit the progression of aging in various organs in the body. We aimed to show whether blood plasma transfer has an effect on DNA methylation and spermatogenetic cell development. In addition, we aimed to show whether the young plasma transfer to old mice has an effect on the rejuvenation of the old and whether the impaired DNA methylation and PCNA expression in old age can be restored. METHODS Groups were (i) young control, (ii) young plasma transfer to aged, (iii) aged control, (iv) aged plasma transfer to young. We utilized IHC and WB in protein level of Dnmts. For the global DNA methylation level, we used 5-methylcytosine staining. We also analyzed PCNA protein expressions in all groups by IHC. RESULTS We found that transfusion of young plasma into the old animal restored DNA methylation and PCNA expression as it did in the young animal. Most importantly, we observed an increase in spermatogonia and spermatid counts in older animals after young blood plasma transfer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that young plasma transfer can restore epigenetic disorders that occur with aging and solve infertility problems by increasing the sperm count that decreases. It needs to be supported by different studies, especially human studies.
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11
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High-fat diet induced obesity alters Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a levels and global DNA methylation in mouse ovary and testis. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:339-352. [PMID: 36624173 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity impairs reproductive capacity, and the link between imprinting disorders and obesity has been discussed in many studies. Recent studies indicate that a high-fat diet may cause epigenetic changes in maternal and paternal genes, which may be transmitted to offspring and negatively affect their development. On this basis, our study aims to reveal the changes in DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase enzymes in the ovaries and testes of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet and created a model of obesity, by comparing them with the control group. For this purpose, we demonstrated the presence and quantitative differences of DNA methyltransferase 1 and DNA methyltransferase 3a enzymes as well as global DNA methylation in ovaries and testis of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet by using immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. We found that a high-fat diet induces the levels of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a proteins (p < 0.05). We observed increased global DNA methylation in testes but, interestingly, decreased global DNA methylation in ovaries. We think that our outcomes have significant value to demonstrate the effects of obesity on ovarian follicle development and testicular spermatogenesis and may bring a new perspective to obesity-induced infertility treatments. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document dynamic alteration of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a as well as global DNA methylation patterns during follicle development in healthy mouse ovaries.
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Ma Y, Chen J, Li H, Xu F, Chong T, Wang Z, Zhang L. Immature rat testis sustained long-term development using an integrative model. Biol Res 2022; 55:30. [PMID: 36195947 PMCID: PMC9531454 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation has been primarily performed using fresh donor tissue to study testicular development for about 20 years, and whether the cultured tissue would be a suitable donor is unclear. In this study, we combined testicular culture and xenotransplantation into an integrative model and explored whether immature testicular tissue would survive and continue to develop in this model. METHODS In the new integrative model group, the testes of neonatal rats on postnatal day 8 (PND 8) were cultured for 4 days ex vivo and then were transplanted under the dorsal skin of castrated nude mice. The xenografted testes were resected on the 57th day after xenotransplantation and the testes of rats in the control group were harvested on PND 69. The survival state of testicular tissue was evaluated from morphological and functional perspectives including H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining of 8-OH-dG, immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL assay, ultrastructural study, gene expression and protein analysis. RESULTS (a) We found that complete spermatogenesis was established in the testes in the new integrative model group. Compared with the control in the same stage, the seminiferous epithelium in some tubules was a bit thinner and there were vacuoles in part of the tubules. Immunofluorescence staining revealed some ACROSIN-positive spermatids were present in seminiferous tubule of xenografted testes. TUNEL detection showed apoptotic cells and most of them were germ cells in the new integrative model group. 8-OH-dG immunohistochemistry showed strongly positive-stained in the seminiferous epithelium after xenotransplantation in comparison with the control group; (b) Compared with the control group, the expressions of FOXA3, DAZL, GFRα1, BOLL, SYCP3, CDC25A, LDHC, CREM and MKI67 in the new integrative model group were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), indicating that the testicular tissue was in an active differentiated and proliferative state; (c) Antioxidant gene detection showed that the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1 and SOD1 in the new integrative model group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and DNA methyltransferase gene detection showed that the expression of DNMT3B was significantly elevated as well (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The new integrative model could maintain the viability of immature testicular tissue and sustain the long-term survival in vivo with complete spermatogenesis. However, testicular genes expression was altered, vacuolation and thin seminiferous epithelium were still apparent in this model, manifesting that oxidative damage may contribute to the testicular development lesion and it needs further study in order to optimize this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Fangshi Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Liandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Sperm DNA methylation alterations from cannabis extract exposure are evident in offspring. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 36085240 PMCID: PMC9463823 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cannabis legalization is expanding and men are the predominant users. We have limited knowledge about how cannabis impacts sperm and whether the effects are heritable.
Results
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data were generated for sperm of rats exposed to: (1) cannabis extract (CE) for 28 days, then 56 days of vehicle only (~ one spermatogenic cycle); (2) vehicle for 56 days, then 28 days of CE; or (3) vehicle only. Males were then mated with drug-naïve females to produce F1 offspring from which heart, brain, and sperm tissues underwent analyses. There were 3321 nominally significant differentially methylated CpGs in F0 sperm identified via WGBS with select methylation changes validated via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Significant methylation changes validated in F0 sperm of the exposed males at the gene 2-Phosphoxylose Phosphatase 1 (Pxylp1) were also detectable in their F1 sperm but not in controls. Changes validated in exposed F0 sperm at Metastasis Suppressor 1-Like Protein (Mtss1l) were also present in F1 hippocampal and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the exposed group compared to controls. For Mtss1l, a significant sex-specific relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression was demonstrated in the F1 NAc. Phenotypically, rats born to CSE-exposed fathers exhibited significant cardiomegaly relative to those born to control fathers.
Conclusions
This is the first characterization of the effect of cannabis exposure on the entirety of the rat sperm methylome. We identified CE-associated methylation changes across the sperm methylome, some of which persisted despite a “washout” period. Select methylation changes validated via bisulfite pyrosequencing, and genes associated with methylation changes were involved in early developmental processes. Preconception CE exposure is associated with detectable changes in offspring DNA methylation that are functionally related to changes in gene expression and cardiomegaly.
These results support that paternal preconception exposure to cannabis can influence offspring outcomes.
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Zhou C, Zhang L, Xu D, Ding H, Zheng S, Liu M. MeDIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis during porcine testis development reveals functional DMRs at the promoter of LDHC. Genomics 2022; 114:110467. [PMID: 36041633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Testis development requires tight regulation of gene expression programmed by epigenetic modifiers. However, their mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape in the Duroc and Meishan boar testes using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq). We identified over 1100 promoter differential methylation genes (DMGs) before and after puberty, most of which are associated with testis development. Furthermore, we discovered that the expression of lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) gene during testis development is regulated by DNA methylation. The promoter of LDHC in pre-pubertal testes is substantially methylated, whereas considerably demethylated in post-pubertal testes. Artificial demethylation with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-CdR induced LDHC expression in immature Sertoli cells (SCs). Mechanistically, we confirmed the transcription factor SP1 was recruited to bind in hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in LDHC promoter, which upregulated the expression of LDHC. Functionally, we demonstrated that LDHC gene was activated in mature SCs (mSCs) and its overexpression significantly increases lactate secretion in SCs. In conclusion, our results highlight the function and regulation of dynamic DNA methylation in testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Ding
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shuailong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Cheng Y, Tang Q, Lu Y, Li M, Zhou Y, Wu P, Li J, Pan F, Han X, Chen M, Lu C, Wang X, Wu W, Xia Y. Semen quality and sperm DNA methylation in relation to long-term exposure to air pollution in fertile men: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118994. [PMID: 35167929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have examined the association between air pollution and semen quality. While it is less of evidence on the sperm quality after long-term air pollution exposure, especially the co-exposure of different air pollution components. Additionally, the role of DNA methylation in it hasn't been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate whether long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with semen quality, as well as to explore the effect of sperm DNA methylation in such association. From 2014 to 2016, 1607 fertile men were enrolled to evaluate 14 parameters of semen quality. Exposure window was defined as one-year before semen sampling. Multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model were used to investigate the association between six air pollutants co-exposure and semen quality. Sensitivity analysis regarding at the normal semen quality group was also conducted. Semen samples were randomly selected from 200 participants to detect the genomic 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels in sperm. In the total population, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 were negatively associated with sperm total motility (PM10: β = -2.67, P = 0.009; PM2.5: β = -2.86, P = 0.004; SO2: β = -2.32, P = 0.011; NO2: β = -2.21, P = 0.012). Results of the normal semen quality group were consistent with those from the whole population. WQS regression results indicated significant decreasing sperm total motility after the co-exposure of the six air pollutants (β = -1.64, P = 0.003) in whole participants. Wherein, PM10 accounted for largest proportion (43.4%). The 5-hmC level was positively associated with PM10 exposure (β = 0.002, P < 0.001). Long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO2, as well as co-exposure to six air pollutants, reduced semen quality in fertile men. As the most significant contributor of air pollutant, PM10 exposure decreased sperm DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Chen S, Pang D, Zhou J, Xu X, Yang S, Huang Z, Yu B. Effects of paternal exposure to cigarette smoke on sperm DNA methylation and long-term metabolic syndrome in offspring. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:3. [PMID: 35063005 PMCID: PMC8780762 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paternal exposure to cigarette smoke may contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome in offspring, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the sperm DNA-methylation profiles in tobacco-smoking normozoospermic (SN) men, non-tobacco-smoking normozoospermic (N) men, and non-smoking oligoasthenozoospermic (OA) men. Using a mouse model, we also analyzed global methylation and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the DLK1 gene in paternal spermatozoa and the livers of progeny. In addition, we quantified DLK1 expression, executed an intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), measured serum metabolites, and analyzed liver lipid accumulation in the F1 offspring. RESULTS Global sperm DNA-methylation levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the SN group, and the methylation patterns were different among N, SN, and OA groups. Importantly, the methylation level of the DLK1 locus (cg11193865) was significantly elevated in the SN group compared to both N and OA groups (p < 0.001). In the mouse model, the group exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exhibited a significantly higher global methylation DNA level in spermatozoa (p < 0.001) and on the DMR sites of Dlk1 in 10-week-old male offspring (p < 0.05), with a significant increase in Dlk1 expression in their livers (p < 0.001). In addition, IPGTT and LDL levels were significantly altered (p < 0.001), with elevated liver fat accumulation (p < 0.05) in F1 offspring. CONCLUSION Paternal exposure to cigarette smoke led to increased global methylation of sperm DNA and alterations to the DMR of the DLK1 gene in the F1 generation, which may be inherited parentally and may perturb long-term metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengzhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejian Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuting Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BioResource Research Center, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Uysal F, Sukur G, Cinar O. DNMT enzymes differentially alter global DNA methylation in a stage‐dependent manner during spermatogenesis. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14357. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology Ankara Medipol University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | - Gozde Sukur
- Ankara University Biotechnology Institute Ankara Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Department of Histology and Embryology Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
- Center for Assisted Reproduction Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey
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18
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Smith RC, Sershen H, Janowsky DS, Lajtha A, Grieco M, Gangoiti JA, Gertsman I, Johnson WS, Marcotte TD, Davis JM. Changes in Expression of DNA-Methyltransferase and Cannabinoid Receptor mRNAs in Blood Lymphocytes After Acute Cannabis Smoking. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:887700. [PMID: 35859599 PMCID: PMC9290435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.887700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is a component risk factor for the manifestation of schizophrenia. The biological effects of cannabis include effects on epigenetic systems, immunological parameters, in addition to changes in cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, that may be associated with this risk. However, there has been limited study of the effects of smoked cannabis on these biological effects in human peripheral blood cells. We analyzed the effects of two concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vs. placebo in lymphocytes of a subset of participants who enrolled in a double-blind study of the effects of cannabis on driving performance (outcome not the focus of this study). METHODS Twenty four participants who regularly use cannabis participated in an experiment in which they smoked cannabis cigarettes (5.9 or 13.4% THC) or placebo (0.02%) ad libitum. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and several times after smoking. Lymphocytes were separated and stored at -80°C for further analysis. Samples were analyzed for mRNA content for cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2), methylation and demethylating enzymes (DNMT, TET), glucocorticoid receptor (NRC3) and immunological markers (IL1B, TNFα) by qPCR using TaqMan probes. The results were correlated with THC whole blood levels during the course of the day, as well as THCCOOH baseline levels. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance and covariance and t-tests, or non-parametric equivalents for those values which were not normally distributed. RESULTS There were no differences in background baseline characteristics of the participants except that the higher concentration THC group was older than the low concentration and placebo groups, and the low concentration THC group had higher baseline CB2 mRNA levels. Both the 5.9 and 13.4% THC groups showed increased THC blood levels that then decreased toward baseline within the first hour. However, there were no significant differences between THC blood levels between the 5.9 and 13.4% groups at any time point. At the 4-h time point after drug administration the 13.4% THC group had higher CB2 (P = 0.021) and DNMT3A (P = 0.027) mRNA levels than the placebo group. DNMT1 mRNA levels showed a trend in the same direction (P = 0.056). The higher 13.4% THC group had significantly increased CB2 mRNA levels than the 5.9% concentration group at several post drug administration time points and showed trends for difference in effects for between 5.9 and 13.4% THC groups for other mRNAs. TET3 mRNA levels were higher in the 13.4% THC group at 55 min post-cannabis ingestion. When the high and lower concentration THC groups were combined, none of the differences in mRNA levels from placebo remained statistically significant. Changes in THC blood levels were not related to changes in mRNA levels. CONCLUSION Over the time course of this study, CB2 mRNA increased in blood lymphocytes in the high concentration THC group but were not accompanied by changes in immunological markers. The changes in DNMT and TET mRNAs suggest potential epigenetic effects of THC in human lymphocytes. Increases in DNMT methylating enzymes have been linked to some of the pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia and, therefore, should be further explored in a larger sample population, as one of the potential mechanisms linking cannabis use as a trigger for schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. Since the two THC groups did not differ in post-smoking blood THC concentrations, the relationship between lymphocytic changes and the THC content of the cigarettes remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Smith
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Henry Sershen
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David S Janowsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Abel Lajtha
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Grieco
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Jon A Gangoiti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ilya Gertsman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wynnona S Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Thomas D Marcotte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Li X, Zhang Y, Dong X, Zhou G, Sang Y, Gao L, Zhou X, Sun Z. DNA methylation changes induced by BDE-209 are related to DNA damage response and germ cell development in GC-2spd. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:161-170. [PMID: 34607665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is generally utilized in multiple polymer materials as common brominated flame retardant. BDE-209 has been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which was considered to be reproductive toxin in the environment. But it still remains unclear about the effects of BDE-209 on DNA methylation and the induced-male reproductive toxicity. Due to the extensive epigenetic regulation in germ line development, we hypothesize that BDE-209 exposure impacts the statue of DNA methylation in spermatocytes in vitro. Therefore, the mouse GC-2spd (GC-2) cells were used for the genome wide DNA methylation analysis after treated with 32 μg/mL BDE-209 for 24 hr. The results showed that BDE-209 caused genomic methylation changes with 32,083 differentially methylated CpGs in GC-2 cells, including 16,164 (50.38%) hypermethylated and 15,919 (49.62%) hypomethylated sites. With integrated analysis of DNA methylation data and functional enrichment, we found that BDE-209 might affect the functional transcription in cell growth and sperm development by differential gene methylation. qRT-PCR validation demonstrated the involvement of p53-dependent DNA damage response in the GC-2 cells after BDE-209 exposure. In general, our findings indicated that BDE-209-induced genome wide methylation changes could be interrelated with reproductive dysfunction. This study might provide new insights into the mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity under the environmental exposure to BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Experimental Center for basic medical teaching, Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yujian Sang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Leqiang Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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20
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Wang F, Qin Z, Li Z, Yang S, Gao T, Sun L, Wang D. Dnmt3aa but Not Dnmt3ab Is Required for Maintenance of Gametogenesis in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810170. [PMID: 34576333 PMCID: PMC8469005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dnmt3a, a de novo methyltransferase, is essential for mammalian germ line DNA methylation. Only one Dnmt3a is identified in mammals, and homozygous mutants of Dnmt3a are lethal, while two Dnmt3a paralogs, dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab, are identified in teleosts due to the third round of genome duplication, and homozygous mutants of dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab are viable in zebrafish. The expression patterns and roles of dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab in gonadal development remain poorly understood in teleosts. In this study, we elucidated the precise expression patterns of dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab in tilapia gonads. Dnmt3aa was highly expressed in oogonia, phase I and II oocytes and granulosa cells in ovaries and spermatogonia and spermatocytes in testes, while dnmt3ab was mainly expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and testicular spermatocytes. The mutation of dnmt3aa and dnmt3ab was achieved by CRISPR/Cas9 in tilapia. Lower gonadosomatic index (GSI), increased apoptosis of oocytes and spermatocytes and significantly reduced sperm quality were observed in dnmt3aa−/− mutants, while normal gonadal development was observed in dnmt3ab−/− mutants. Consistently, the expression of apoptotic genes was significantly increased in dnmt3aa−/− mutants. In addition, the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level in dnmt3aa−/− gonads was decreased significantly, compared with that of dnmt3ab−/− and wild type (WT) gonads. Taken together, our results suggest that dnmt3aa, not dnmt3ab, plays important roles in maintaining gametogenesis in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Sun
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3702 (D.W.)
| | - Deshou Wang
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3702 (D.W.)
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21
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Uysal F, Cinar O, Can A. Knockdown of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a gene expression disrupts preimplantation embryo development through global DNA methylation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3135-3144. [PMID: 34533678 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that plays critical roles in preimplantation embryo development executed by DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) enzymes. Dnmt1, responsible for the maintenance of methylation, and Dnmt3a, for de novo methylation, are gradually erased from the zygote in succeeding stages and then reestablished in the blastocyst. This study was designed to address the vital role of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a enzymes by silencing their gene expressions in embryonic development in mice. METHODS Groups were (i) control, (ii) Dnmt1-siRNA, (iii) Dnmt3a-siRNA, and (iv) non-targeted (NT) siRNA. Knockdown of Dnmt genes using siRNAs was confirmed by measuring the targeted proteins using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Following knockdown of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in zygotes, the developmental competence and global DNA methylation levels were analyzed after 96 h in embryo cultures. RESULTS A significant number of embryos arrested at the 2-cell stage or had undergone degeneration in the Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a knocked-down groups. By 3D observations in super-resolution microscopy, we noted that Dnmt1 was exclusively found in juxtanuclear cytoplasm, while the Dnmt3a signal was preferentially localized in the nucleus, both in trophoblasts (TBs) and embryoblasts (EBs). Interestingly, the global DNA methylation level decreased in the Dnmt1 knockdown group, while it increased in the Dnmt3a knockdown group. CONCLUSION Precisely aligned expression of Dnmt genes is highly essential for the fate of an embryo in the early developmental period. Our data indicates that further analysis is mandatory to designate the specific targets of these methylation/demethylation processes in mouse and human preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Reproductive Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Reproductive Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Can
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Reproductive Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Rashidi M, Tavalaee M, Abbasi H, Nomikos M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Increased de novo DNA Methylation Enzymes in Sperm of Individuals with Varicocele. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:389-396. [PMID: 34455713 PMCID: PMC8405077 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chronic genital heat-stress associated with varicocele leads to DNA hypo-methylation of spermatozoa. The objective of this study was comparing level of DNA methyl-transferases (DNMTs) in sperm of men suffering varicocele with fertile individuals. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, semen samples were obtained from 35 infertile men with varicocele (grade II or III) and 26 fertile men. Sperm parameters were assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. DNMTs enzymes level were assessed by flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope. mRNAs expression of these DNMTs were also assessed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results DNMT1 and DNMT3A proteins were mainly localized in equatorial and mid-piece regions of sperm head, respectively, while DNMT3B protein appeared to be localized mainly in equatorial and anterior regions of sperm head. In contrast to DNMT1, expression and percentage of DNMT3A and DNMT3B at RNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the varicocele group compared to the fertile group (P<0.05). In addition, significant correlations were found between sperm concentration and motility as well as DNMT1 and DNMT3B proteins levels in the infertile individuals with varicocele (P<0.05). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between abnormal sperm morphology with DNMTs proteins in the infertile individuals with varicocele. Conclusion Unlike DNMT1, which is involved in maintenance of DNA methylation at both RNA and protein levels, expression of de novo methylation enzymes (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) at both levels were increased in the varicocele group compared to the fertile group. Based on literature, this increase might be due to the dual roles played by DNMT3A and DNMT3B, as methyl-transferases in normal condition as well as dehydroxymethylases in stress condition, like varicocele. Although, this hypothesis needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Rashidi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Michail Nomikos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Rotondo JC, Lanzillotti C, Mazziotta C, Tognon M, Martini F. Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689624. [PMID: 34368137 PMCID: PMC8339558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies focused on the role of epigenetics, including DNA methylation, in spermatogenesis and male infertility. We aimed to provide an overview of the knowledge concerning the gene and genome methylation and its regulation during spermatogenesis, specifically in the context of male infertility etiopathogenesis. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that sperm DNA methylation is associated with sperm alterations and infertility. Several genes have been found to be differentially methylated in relation to impaired spermatogenesis and/or reproductive dysfunction. Particularly, DNA methylation defects of MEST and H19 within imprinted genes and MTHFR within non-imprinted genes have been repeatedly linked with male infertility. A deep knowledge of sperm DNA methylation status in association with reduced reproductive potential could improve the development of novel diagnostic tools for this disease. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms affecting methylation in sperm and their impact on male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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24
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Cheng Y, Vechtova P, Fussy Z, Sterba J, Linhartová Z, Rodina M, Tučková V, Gela D, Samarin AM, Lebeda I, Xin M, Zhang S, Rahi D, Linhart O. Changes in Phenotypes and DNA Methylation of In Vitro Aging Sperm in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5925. [PMID: 34073009 PMCID: PMC8198300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to analyze phenotypic and functional characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa during in vitro aging and to investigate whether global DNA methylation is affected by sperm aging. Milt was collected from five individual males, stored in vitro on ice in a refrigerator for up to 96 h post stripping (HPS) and used to fertilize eggs with intervals of 1, 24 and 96 h. Computer-assisted sperm analysis and a S3e Cell Sorter was employed to determine the spermatozoa phenotypic characteristics (motility, velocity, concentration and viability). In addition, pH and osmolality of the seminal fluid and the capacity of the spermatozoa to fertilize, hatching rate and health of the resulting embryos were examined at different aging times. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was used to compare the global and gene-specific DNA methylation in fresh and aged spermatozoa. The results demonstrated that spermatozoa aging in common carp significantly affects their performance and thus the success of artificial fertilization. The methylation level at the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites increased significantly with 24 HPS spermatozoa compared to the fresh group at 1 HPS and then decreased significantly at 96 HPS. A more detailed investigation of gene specific differences in the DNA methylation was hindered by incomplete annotation of the C. carpio genome in the public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Pavlina Vechtova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (Z.F.); (J.S.)
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Fussy
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (Z.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (Z.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Zuzana Linhartová
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Marek Rodina
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Vladimíra Tučková
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - David Gela
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Azin Mohagheghi Samarin
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Ievgen Lebeda
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Miaomiao Xin
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Songpei Zhang
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Deepali Rahi
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Otomar Linhart
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (Y.C.); (Z.L.); (M.R.); (V.T.); (D.G.); (A.M.S.); (I.L.); (M.X.); (S.Z.); (D.R.)
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25
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Wu H, Pan X, Li R, Song W, Hua S. Excessive rumen-protected choline in the daily diet compromises sperm quality of male dairy goats as a result of aberrant DNA methylation modification. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Choline is added to the diet of ruminants to improve animal growth, development and reproduction; however, little information is available regarding effects of dietary choline supplementation, in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC), on fertility of male ruminants. Excess RPC in the diet might damage ram fertility through abnormal alteration of methylation patterns at the imprinting control region (ICR) of imprinted genes H19/IGF2.
Aims
The present study evaluated the influence of different levels of RPC supplementation on the sperm quality of male Saanen dairy goats.
Methods
Different proportions of RPC (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of daily concentrate feed) were added to the diet of Saanen bucks. Sperm quality parameters, subsequent in vitro embryo development potential, and kidding rates post artificial insemination were examined. In addition, differences in methylation status of the global DNA, and at 20 CpG sites in the ICR of imprinted genes H19/IGF2, were compared.
Key results
Supplementation of the daily diet with 0.5% RPC significantly improved sperm quality, and increased subsequent embryo development and kidding rates. However, the two higher RPC-supplemented groups showed significantly reduced kidding rate. Moreover, methylation levels of both the ICR of H19/IGF2 and the global DNA increased significantly with increasing supplemental RPC, and the expression of IGF2 was significantly inhibited in sperm samples from the 1.0% and 2.0% RPC groups, whereas H19, which should had been silenced, showed high expression.
Conclusions
Adding excessive RPC (≥1%) to the daily diet of male goats might disturb the process of spermatogenesis and is associated with abnormal methylation modification caused by aberrant expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in sperm.
Implications
This study determines the safe amount of choline to add to the diet during the breeding of male dairy goats. This provides a reference for improving the breeding efficiency and saving the breeding cost of dairy goats.
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26
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Lobo J, Guimarães R, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Monteiro-Reis S, Cantante M, Antunes L, Braga I, Maurício J, Looijenga LH, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Differential expression of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases among the various testicular germ cell tumor subtypes. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1579-1592. [PMID: 32957806 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Characterize DNA methyltransferases/demethylases expression in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Methods:In silico analysis of TCGA database, assessment of transcript levels of most relevant enzymes in four TGCT cell lines and validation in patient cohort (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; immunohistochemistry). Results:DNMT3A, DNMT3B and TET2 were the most differentially expressed between seminomas (SEs) and nonseminomas (NSs). DNMT3B was significantly overexpressed in NS-related cell lines, and the opposite was found for TET2. Significantly higher DNMT3A/B mRNA expression was observed in NS, indicating a role for de novo methylation in reprogramming. Significantly higher TET2 protein expression was observed in SEs, suggesting active demethylation contributes for SE hypomethylated state. More differentiated histologies disclosed distinct expression patterns. Conclusion: DNA-modifying enzymes are differentially expressed between TGCT subtypes, influencing reprogramming and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CEG CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leendert Hj Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
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Zhu L, Yuan C, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Seif MM. Bisphenol A-associated alterations in DNA and histone methylation affects semen quality in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105580. [PMID: 32712368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known estrogenic endocrine disruptor, is ubiquitously present in the environment, possessing the potential to interfere with the reproductive endocrine system in male mammals. However, there are limited studies on the reproductive toxicity in male aquatic animals associated with epigenetic modifications. In order to evaluate the potential effects of BPA on reproduction and better understand the underlying mechanism, adult male rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 15 μg L-1 BPA over a period of 63 d. Results showed that BPA induced congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of inflammatory cells after 21 d exposure, and decreased sperm fertilization after 63 d exposure. The genome DNA methylation levels were significantly increased throughout the treatment, and a strong positive stain were found in the spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm. The H3K4me3 level in all types of germ cell were increased by 21 d exposure while decreased following 63 d exposure. The positive stain of H3K9me3 was decreased in sperms while increased in spermatids by 21 d exposure. In addition, the H3K9me3 level was significantly increased after 63 d exposure, and a strong positive stain were found in spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperms. Our result also revealed that the transcripts of DNA methyltransferase genes (dnmt1 and dnmt3-8) and histone methyltransferase genes (mll2-5, setdb1-2 and ezh2) were also markedly changed under BPA exposure for 21-63 d. These findings indicated that BPA had toxicity in male reproductive, and DNA/histone methylation might play a vital role in the regulation of BPA-triggered the decreased of sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Mohamed M Seif
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 11435, Egypt
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Al-Qazzaz HK, Al-Awadi SJ. Epigenetic Alteration in DNA methylation pattern and gene expression level using H19 on oligospermia patients in Iraqi Men. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tian N, Lv DY, Yu J, Ma WY. Methotrexate impaired in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality and the possible mechanisms. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:51. [PMID: 32620073 PMCID: PMC7333412 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate agent which is widely used in clinic for treating malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis and ectopic pregnancy. As reported, MTX has side effects on gastrointestinal system, nervous system and reproductive system, while its potential damages on oocyte quality are still unclear. It is known that oocyte quality is essential for healthy conception and the forthcoming embryo development. Thus, this work studied the effects of MTX on the oocyte quality. Results We established MTX model mice by single treatment with 5 mg/Kg MTX. Both morphological and molecular biology studies were performed to assess the in-vivo matured oocytes quality and to analyze the related mechanisms. The in-vivo matured oocytes from MTX-treated mice had poor in-vitro fertilization ability, and the resulting embryo formation rates and blastocyst quality were lower than the control group. We found that the in-vivo matured MTX-treated mouse oocytes displayed abnormal transcript expressions for genes of key enzymes in the folate cycles. MTX increased the rate of abnormal chromosome alignment and affected the regulation of chromosome separation via disrupting the spindle morphology and reducing the mRNA expressions of MAD2 and Sgo1. MTX reduced the DNA methylation levels in the in-vivo matured oocytes, and further studies showed that MTX altered the expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT 3b, and may also affect the levels of the methyl donor and its metabolite. Conclusions MTX impaired the in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality by disturbing folate metabolism and affecting chromosome stability and methylation modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tian
- Physical Science and Technical College, Shenyang Normal University, No. 253 Huanghe North Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, 110034, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Dan-Yu Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ji Yu
- Physical Science and Technical College, Shenyang Normal University, No. 253 Huanghe North Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, 110034, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wan-Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
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He QL, Lyu TQ, Zhang YT, Wang HQ, Zhou Q, Zhang JM, Liu YY, Li JS, Jiang LG, Cheng D, Ge ZJ, Liu SZ. Effects of intrauterine exposure to 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl on the reproductive system and sperm epigenetic imprinting of male offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1396-1409. [PMID: 32418265 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic environmental pollutants with a total of 209 homologs. The homolog 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) is one of the most important dioxin-like PCBs and is highly toxic. PCB118 can accumulate in human tissues, serum and breast milk, which leads to direct exposure of the fetus during development. In the present study, pregnant mice were exposed to 0, 20 and 100 μg/kg/day of PCB118 during the stage of fetal primordial germ cell migration. Compared with the control group, we found morphological alterations of the seminiferous tubules and a higher sperm deformity rate in the male offspring in the treatment groups. Furthermore, the methylation patterns in the treatment groups of the imprinted genes H19 and Gtl2 in the sperm were altered in the male offspring. We also characterized the disturbance of the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3l, and Uhrf1. The results indicated that intrauterine exposure to low doses of PCB118 could significantly damage the reproductive health of the male offspring. Therefore, attention should be paid to the adverse effects of PCB118 exposure during pregnancy on the reproductive system of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian-Qi Lyu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Tao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Quan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Mei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Gang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Hui Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Pan C, Chen H, Qu L, Song X, Lan X. Goat DNMT3B: An indel mutation detection, association analysis with litter size and mRNA expression in gonads. Theriogenology 2020; 147:108-115. [PMID: 32122684 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3β (DNMT3B) is a gene encoding a de novo methylation enzyme that is required for DNA methylation during mammalian embryo development. Previous genome-wide association analysis suggested DNMT3B is a candidate gene for goat fertility, but there is no study on the effect of DNMT3B on litter size in goat. The aim of this study was to identify possible insertion/deletion (indel) mutations associated with litter size. Seven putative indels were designed to study their association with litter size, but just one 11-bp insertion variant of intron 22 (the last intron) was found in healthy female Shaanbei white cashmere goats (SBWC goats) (n = 1534). Statistical analysis showed that the 11-bp insertion was related to the first-born litter size (P < 0.01) and the goats with the deletion/deletion genotype had a higher average first-born litter size (P < 0.01). In addition, the expression profile of the DNMT3B mRNA in goat was detected, which revealed significant differences in DNMT3B mRNA expression in the gonads. Additionally, the results of western blotting revealed that the ovaries of mothers of multi-lamb (MML) had a higher level of DNMT3B protein than the ovaries of mothers of single-lamb (MSL). Furthermore, the mRNA of DNMT3B was widely expressed in male goats. Differences in mRNA expression levels were observed in the ovaries of MSL and MML. These findings indicated that the 11-bp indel in DNMT3B was significantly associated with first-born litter size, which can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of goats for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hui
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animals Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Legendre A, Elmhiri G, Gloaguen C, Magneron V, Kereselidze D, Saci N, Elie C, Vaysset É, Benadjaoud MM, Tack K, Grison S, Souidi M. Multigenerational exposure to uranium changes morphometric parameters and global DNA methylation in rat sperm. C R Biol 2019; 342:175-185. [PMID: 31471143 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that environmental exposures early in fetal development influence phenotype and give rise to disease risk in the next generations. We previously found that lifelong exposure to uranium, an environmental contaminant, induced subtle testicular and hormonal defects; however, its impact on the reproductive system of multiple subsequent generations was unexplored. Herein, rats were exposed to a supra-environmental and non-nephrotoxic concentration of natural uranium (U, 40 mg·L-1 of drinking water) from postnatal life to adulthood (F0), during fetal life (F1), and only as the germ cells from the F1 generation (F2). General parameters (reproductive indices, epididymal weight) and sperm morphology were assessed in the three generations. In order to identify the epigenetic effects of U, we analyzed also the global DNA methylation profile and described for the first time the mRNA expression levels of markers involved in the (de)methylation system in rat epididymal spermatozoa. Our results showed that the F1 generation had a reduced pregnancy rate. Despite the sperm number being unmodified, sperm morphology was affected in the F0, F1 and F2 generations. Morphometric analysis for ten parameters was detailed for each generation. No common parameter was detected between the three generations, but the head and the middle-piece were always modified in the abnormal sperms. In the F1 U-exposed generation, the total number of abnormal sperm was significantly higher than in the F0 and F2 generations, suggesting that fetal exposure to uranium was more deleterious. This effect could be associated with the pregnancy rate to produce the F2 generation. Interestingly, global DNA methylation analysis showed also hypomethylation in the sperm DNA of the last F2 generation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that uranium can induce morphological sperm defects and changes in the DNA methylation level after multigenerational exposure. The epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of U-induced reproductive defects should be assessed in further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Legendre
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ghada Elmhiri
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Victor Magneron
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nawel Saci
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Élodie Vaysset
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohamedamine M Benadjaoud
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Grison
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maamar Souidi
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Uysal F, Akkoyunlu G, Ozturk S. Decreased expression of DNA methyltransferases in the testes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia leads to changes in global DNA methylation levels. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:1386-1394. [PMID: 31030726 DOI: 10.1071/rd18246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays key roles in epigenetic regulation during mammalian spermatogenesis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) function in de novo and maintenance methylation processes by adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues within cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) and non-CpG dinucleotide sites. Azoospermia is one of the main causes of male infertility, and is classified as obstructive (OA) or non-obstructive (NOA) azoospermia based on histopathological characteristics. The molecular background of NOA is still largely unknown. DNA methylation performed by DNMTs is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis-related genes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular localisation and expression levels of the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins, as well as global DNA methylation profiles in testicular biopsy samples obtained from men with various types of NOA, including hypospermatogenesis (hyposperm), round spermatid (RS) arrest, spermatocyte (SC) arrest and Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome. In the testicular biopsy samples, DNMT1 expression and global DNA methylation levels decreased gradually from the hyposperm to SCO groups (P P P <0.05). Although both DNMT1 and DNMT3A were localised in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the spermatogenic cells, staining for DNMT3B was more intensive in the nucleus of spermatogenic cells. In conclusion, the findings suggest that significant changes in DNMT expression and global DNA methylation levels in spermatogenic cells may contribute to development of male infertility in the NOA groups. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular biological effects of the altered DNMT expression and DNA methylation levels on development of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey; and Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey; and Corresponding author
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Research update and opportunity of non-hormonal male contraception: Histone demethylase KDM5B-based targeting. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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El-behery EI, El-naseery NI, El-Ghazali HM, Elewa YH, Mahdy EA, El-Hady E, Konsowa MM. The efficacy of chronic zinc oxide nanoparticles using on testicular damage in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:84-93. [PMID: 30413282 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Testicular impairment is a common complication of Diabetes mellitus (DM). Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a novel agent for Zn delivery with antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. However, few reports were recorded on it. The current study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorating effect of ZnO NPs treatment on testicular tissues alterations in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, thirty mature male Wistar rats were divided into three main groups: Control group (n = 18) was subdivided equally into three subgroups (negative control, vehicle and ZnO NPs), Diabetic group (n = 6) and ZnO NPs-treated diabetic group (n = 6). Induction of diabetes was done by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg bw). The rats were orally treated by ZnO NPs (10 mg/kg bw) for 30 constitutive days. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose and serum testosterone levels were measured. Also, testicular tissues were obtained for histopathological investigations and immunohistochemical staining with anti-PCNA (proliferating cell marker), anti-ssDNA (apoptotic cell marker), anti-SOX9 (Sertoli cell marker), anti-Stella (spermatogonia marker), anti-STRA8 (preleptotene and early-leptotene spermatocytes marker), anti-DMC1 (leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes marker), anti-Dnmt3a (a marker for cells under DNA methylation) and anti-α-SMA (peritubular myoid cell marker). The biochemical analysis revealed that diabetes resulted in a significant elevation in blood glucose level and a reduction in serum testosterone level. Moreover, histopathological investigations revealed disorganized seminiferous epithelium and sever hyalinization with vacuolization of the testicular interstitium containing Leydig cells. The immunohistochemical findings support spermatogenesis impairment in the diabetic group. However, ZnO NPs treatment restores architecture of seminiferous epithelium and Leydig cells. Furthermore, more PCNA, SOX9, Stella, STRA8, DMC1 and Dnmt3a immunopositive cells with an improvement of peritubular α-SMA immunopositive expression, as well as few ssDNA-immunopositive cells were detected in the seminiferous epithelium. This study suggested the possible protective role of orally administered ZnO NPs on testicular alterations in the STZ-induced diabetic group via steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis enhancement. In addition, further researches are acquired for evaluation mechanism of ZnO NPs treatment via oral or parenteral routes in a dose-dependent manner to identify the more effective route and dose in the treatment of testicular diabetic complications.
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Giacone F, Cannarella R, Mongioì LM, Alamo A, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Epigenetics of Male Fertility: Effects on Assisted Reproductive Techniques. World J Mens Health 2018; 37:148-156. [PMID: 30588778 PMCID: PMC6479088 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades the study of male infertility and the introduction of the assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) has allowed to understand that normal sperm parameters do not always predict fertilization. Sperm genetic components could play an important role in the early stages of embryonic development. Based on these acquisitions, several epigenetic investigations have been developed on spermatozoa, with the aim of understanding the multifactorial etiology of male infertility and of showing whether embryonic development may be influenced by sperm epigenetic abnormalities. This article reviews the possible epigenetic modifications of spermatozoa and their effects on male fertility, embryonic development and ART outcome. It focuses mainly on sperm DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications and RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giacone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alamo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Fellous A, Labed‐Veydert T, Locrel M, Voisin A, Earley RL, Silvestre F. DNA methylation in adults and during development of the self-fertilizing mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6016-6033. [PMID: 29988456 PMCID: PMC6024129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation might make important contributions to heritable phenotypic diversity in populations. However, it is often difficult to disentangle the contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation to phenotypic diversity. Here, we investigated global DNA methylation and mRNA expression of the methylation-associated enzymes during embryonic development and in adult tissues of one natural isogenic lineage of mangrove rivulus fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Being the best-known self-fertilizing hermaphroditic vertebrate affords the opportunity to work with genetically identical individuals to examine, explicitly, the phenotypic effects of epigenetic variance. Using the LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA), we described variable global DNA methylation at CpG sites in adult tissues, which differed significantly between hermaphrodite ovotestes and male testes (79.6% and 87.2%, respectively). After fertilization, an immediate decrease in DNA methylation occurred to 15.8% in gastrula followed by re-establishment to 70.0% by stage 26 (liver formation). Compared to zebrafish, at the same embryonic stages, this reprogramming event seems later, deeper, and longer. Furthermore, genes putatively encoding DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET), and MeCP2 proteins showed specific regulation in adult gonad and brain, and also during early embryogenesis. Their conserved domains and expression profiles suggest that these proteins play important roles during reproduction and development. This study raises questions about mangrove rivulus' peculiar reprogramming period in terms of epigenetic transmission and physiological adaptation of individuals to highly variable environments. In accordance with the general-purpose genotype model, epigenetic mechanisms might allow for the expression of diverse phenotypes among genetically identical individuals. Such phenotypes might help to overcome environmental challenges, making the mangrove rivulus a valuable vertebrate model for ecological epigenetic studies. The mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is the best-known self-fertilizing hermaphroditic vertebrate that allows to work with genetically identical individuals to examine, explicitly, the phenotypic effects of epigenetic variance. The reprogramming event is later, more dramatic and longer than in other described vertebrates. High evolutionary conservation and expression patterns of DNMT, TET, and MeCP2 proteins in K. marmoratus suggest biological roles for each member in gametogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fellous
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive PhysiologyInstitute of Life, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Tiphaine Labed‐Veydert
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive PhysiologyInstitute of Life, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Mélodie Locrel
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive PhysiologyInstitute of Life, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Anne‐Sophie Voisin
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive PhysiologyInstitute of Life, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Ryan L. Earley
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA
| | - Frederic Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive PhysiologyInstitute of Life, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
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Sakai K, Ideta-Otsuka M, Saito H, Hiradate Y, Hara K, Igarashi K, Tanemura K. Effects of doxorubicin on sperm DNA methylation in mouse models of testicular toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:674-679. [PMID: 29524425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Testicular toxicity is a frequent adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy that has no effective clinical biomarker. To find new biomarkers, we focused on epigenetic mechanisms in the male germline. We investigated the DNA methylation status of the male germline during testicular toxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR), a widely used anticancer agent. We established mouse models of early stage testicular toxicity and testicular pre-toxicity by the administration of 0.2 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg DXR, respectively, twice weekly for 5 weeks. Histological analysis showed sparse abnormalities in testicular tissue; however, western blotting analysis revealed reduced testicular expression levels of DNA methyltransferases DNMT3a and DNMT3b in both DXR-treated groups. Interestingly, comprehensive sperm DNA methylation analysis using Methyl-CpG binding domain protein-enriched genome sequencing revealed that hypomethylation was the most frequent change induced by DXR. These findings suggest that sperm DNA methylation status may be used as an early diagnostic marker for testicular changes not detected by conventional toxicity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sakai
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Maky Ideta-Otsuka
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Pan Y, Liu G, Zhou F, Su B, Li Y. DNA methylation profiles in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Clin Exp Med 2017; 18:1-14. [PMID: 28752221 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-017-0467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and proliferation is regulated by both epigenetic and genetic events with epigenetic modifications being increasingly identified as important targets for cancer research. DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is one of the essential epigenetic mechanisms that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle, and transformation in eukaryotes. Recent progress in epigenetics revealed a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provided biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis in cancer patients. Although DNA methylation biomarker possesses potential contributing to precision medicine, there are still limitations to be overcome before it reaches clinical setting. Hence, the current status of DNA methylation biomarkers was reviewed and the future use in clinic was also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Bojin Su
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in properly occurring mammalian oogenesis. One of these mechanisms is DNA methylation adding a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor. DNA methylation generally takes place at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites and rarely occurs at cytosine-phosphate-thymine (CpT), cytosine-phosphate-adenine (CpA), or cytosine-phosphate-cytosine sites, known as non-CpG sites. Basically, two different DNA methylation processes are identified: de novo methylation and maintenance methylation. While the de novo methylation functions in methylation of unmethylated DNA strands, maintenance methylation is capable of methylating hemi-methylated DNA strands following DNA replication. Both DNA methylation processes are catalyzed by special DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. To date, five different DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L, and DNMT2. In this chapter, we focus particularly on temporal and spatial expression of DNMTs in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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