1
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Vilas-Boas EA, Kowaltowski AJ. Mitochondrial redox state, bioenergetics, and calcium transport in caloric restriction: A metabolic nexus. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:195-214. [PMID: 38677486 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria congregate central reactions in energy metabolism, many of which involve electron transfer. As such, they are expected to both respond to changes in nutrient supply and demand and also provide signals that integrate energy metabolism intracellularly. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production is impacted by dietary interventions that change nutrient availability and impact on aging, such as calorie restriction. We also discuss how dietary interventions alter mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, regulating both mitochondrial and cytosolic processes modulated by this ion. Overall, a plethora of literature data support the idea that mitochondrial oxidants and calcium transport act as integrating signals coordinating the response to changes in nutritional supply and demand in cells, tissues, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Grayson C, Faerman B, Koufos O, Mailloux RJ. Fatty acid oxidation drives mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107159. [PMID: 38479602 PMCID: PMC10997840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) generating capacity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and compared it to components of the electron transport chain using liver mitochondria isolated from male and female C57BL6N mice. We show for the first time there are some sex dimorphisms in the production of mH2O2 by electron transport chain complexes I and III when mitochondria are fueled with different substrates. However, in our investigations into these sex effects, we made the unexpected and compelling discovery that 1) KGDH serves as a major mH2O2 supplier in male and female liver mitochondria and 2) KGDH can form mH2O2 when liver mitochondria are energized with fatty acids but only when malate is used to prime the Krebs cycle. Surprisingly, 2-keto-3-methylvaleric acid (KMV), a site-specific inhibitor for KGDH, nearly abolished mH2O2 generation in both male and female liver mitochondria oxidizing palmitoyl-carnitine. KMV inhibited mH2O2 production in liver mitochondria from male and female mice oxidizing myristoyl-, octanoyl-, or butyryl-carnitine as well. S1QEL 1.1 (S1) and S3QEL 2 (S3), compounds that inhibit reactive oxygen species generation by complexes I and III, respectively, without interfering with OxPhos and respiration, had a negligible effect on the rate of mH2O2 production when pyruvate or acyl-carnitines were used as fuels. However, inclusion of KMV in reaction mixtures containing S1 and/or S3 almost abolished mH2O2 generation. Together, our findings suggest KGDH is the main mH2O2 generator in liver mitochondria, even when fatty acids are used as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
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4
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Karagianni C, Bazopoulou D. Redox regulation in lifespan determination. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105761. [PMID: 38367668 PMCID: PMC10965828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges that remain in the fields of aging and lifespan determination concerns the precise roles that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in these processes. ROS, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are constantly generated as byproducts of aerobic metabolism, as well as in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. While ROS accumulation and oxidative damage were long considered to constitute some of the main causes of age-associated decline, more recent studies reveal a signaling role in the aging process. In fact, accumulation of ROS, in a spatiotemporal manner, can trigger beneficial cellular responses that promote longevity and healthy aging. In this review, we discuss the importance of timing and compartmentalization of external and internal ROS perturbations in organismal lifespan and the role of redox regulated pathways.
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5
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Lee JY, Tiffany CR, Mahan SP, Kellom M, Rogers AWL, Nguyen H, Stevens ET, Masson HLP, Yamazaki K, Marco ML, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Turnbaugh PJ, Bäumler AJ. High fat intake sustains sorbitol intolerance after antibiotic-mediated Clostridia depletion from the gut microbiota. Cell 2024; 187:1191-1205.e15. [PMID: 38366592 PMCID: PMC11023689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate intolerance, commonly linked to the consumption of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol, affects up to 30% of the population in high-income countries. Although sorbitol intolerance is attributed to malabsorption, the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show that a history of antibiotic exposure combined with high fat intake triggered long-lasting sorbitol intolerance in mice by reducing Clostridia abundance, which impaired microbial sorbitol catabolism. The restoration of sorbitol catabolism by inoculation with probiotic Escherichia coli protected mice against sorbitol intolerance but did not restore Clostridia abundance. Inoculation with the butyrate producer Anaerostipes caccae restored a normal Clostridia abundance, which protected mice against sorbitol-induced diarrhea even when the probiotic was cleared. Butyrate restored Clostridia abundance by stimulating epithelial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling to restore epithelial hypoxia in the colon. Collectively, these mechanistic insights identify microbial sorbitol catabolism as a potential target for approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sorbitol intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott P Mahan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthew Kellom
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew W L Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric T Stevens
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hugo L P Masson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emiley A Eloe-Fadrosh
- Environmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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6
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Guerbette T, Rioux V, Bostoën M, Ciesielski V, Coppens-Exandier H, Buraud M, Lan A, Boudry G. Saturated fatty acids differently affect mitochondrial function and the intestinal epithelial barrier depending on their chain length in the in vitro model of IPEC-J2 enterocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1266842. [PMID: 38362040 PMCID: PMC10867211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1266842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maintenance of the intestinal barrier mainly relies on the mitochondrial function of intestinal epithelial cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dietary fatty acid overload might induce mitochondrial dysfunction of enterocytes and may increase intestinal permeability as indicated by previous in vitro studies with palmitic acid (C16:0). Yet the impact of other dietary saturated fatty acids remains poorly described. Methods: To address this question, the in vitro model of porcine enterocytes IPEC-J2 was treated for 3 days with 250 µM of lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0) or stearic (C18:0) acids. Results and discussion: Measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance, reflecting tight junction integrity, revealed that only C16:0 and C18:0 increased epithelial permeability, without modifying the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins. Bioenergetic measurements indicated that C16:0 and C18:0 were barely β-oxidized by IPEC-J2. However, they rather induced significant OXPHOS uncoupling and reduced ATP production compared to C12:0 and C14:0. These bioenergetic alterations were associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial fission. Although C12:0 and C14:0 treatment induced significant lipid storage and enhanced fusion of the mitochondrial network, it only mildly decreased ATP production without altering epithelial barrier. These results point out that the longer chain fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 increased intestinal permeability, contrary to C12:0 and C14:0. In addition, C16:0 and C18:0 induced an important energy deprivation, notably via increased proton leaks, mitochondrial remodeling, and elevated ROS production in enterocytes compared to C12:0 and C14:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guerbette
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | - Mégane Bostoën
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Ciesielski
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marine Buraud
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
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7
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Sharma S, Le Guillou D, Chen JY. Cellular stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:662-678. [PMID: 37679454 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of chronic liver disease is rising substantially worldwide. Fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is the common pathway leading to cirrhosis, and limited treatment options are available. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of cellular stress responses contributing to fibrogenesis. This Review provides an overview of studies that analyse the role of cellular stress in different cell types involved in fibrogenesis, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Fromenty B, Roden M. Mitochondrial alterations in fatty liver diseases. J Hepatol 2023; 78:415-429. [PMID: 36209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases can result from common metabolic diseases, as well as from xenobiotic exposure and excessive alcohol use, all of which have been shown to exert toxic effects on hepatic mitochondrial functionality and dynamics. Invasive or complex methodology limits large-scale investigations of mitochondria in human livers. Nevertheless, abnormal mitochondrial function, such as impaired fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, drives oxidative stress and has been identified as an important feature of human steatohepatitis. On the other hand, hepatic mitochondria can be flexible and adapt to the ambient metabolic condition to prevent triglyceride and lipotoxin accumulation in obesity. Experience from studies on xenobiotics has provided important insights into the regulation of hepatic mitochondria. Increasing awareness of the joint presence of metabolic disease-related (lipotoxic) and alcohol-related liver diseases further highlights the need to better understand their mutual interaction and potentiation in disease progression. Recent clinical studies have assessed the effects of diets or bariatric surgery on hepatic mitochondria, which are also evolving as an interesting therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises the current knowledge on hepatic mitochondria with a focus on fatty liver diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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9
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The Crosstalk between Microbiome and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030429. [PMID: 36766772 PMCID: PMC9913973 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that serve as the primary cellular energy-generating system. Apart from ATP production, they are essential for many biological processes, including calcium homeostasis, lipid biogenesis, ROS regulation and programmed cell death, which collectively render them invaluable for neuronal integrity and function. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics are crucial hallmarks of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. At the same time, the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders due to the bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system, known as the gut-brain axis. Here we summarize new insights into the complex interplay between mitochondria, gut microbiota and neurodegeneration, and we refer to animal models that could elucidate the underlying mechanisms, as well as novel interventions to tackle age-related neurodegenerative conditions, based on this intricate network.
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10
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Thomson S, Drummond K, O'Hely M, Symeonides C, Chandran C, Mansell T, Saffery R, Sly P, Mueller J, Vuillermin P, Ponsonby AL. Increased maternal non-oxidative energy metabolism mediates association between prenatal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and offspring autism spectrum disorder symptoms in early life: A birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107678. [PMID: 36516674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal phthalate exposure has previously been linked to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether maternal and child central carbon metabolism is involved as part of the Barwon Infant Study (BIS), a population-based birth cohort of 1,074 Australian children. We estimated phthalate daily intakes using third-trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and other relevant indices. The metabolome of maternal serum in the third trimester, cord serum at birth and child plasma at 1 year were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. We used the Small Molecule Pathway Database and principal component analysis to construct composite metabolite scores reflecting metabolic pathways. ASD symptoms at 2 and 4 years were measured in 596 and 674 children by subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated (i) prospective associations between higher prenatal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) levels and upregulation of maternal non-oxidative energy metabolism pathways, and (ii) prospective associations between upregulation of these pathways and increased offspring ASD symptoms at 2 and 4 years of age. Counterfactual mediation analyses indicated that part of the mechanism by which higher prenatal DEHP exposure influences the development of ASD symptoms in early childhood is through a maternal metabolic shift in pregnancy towards non-oxidative energy pathways, which are inefficient compared to oxidative metabolism. These results highlight the importance of the prenatal period and suggest that further investigation of maternal energy metabolism as a molecular mediator of the adverse impact of prenatal environmental exposures such as phthalates is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thomson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine Drummond
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chitra Chandran
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Sly
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Jochen Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 299 Ryrie Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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11
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Energy substrate metabolism and oxidative stress in metabolic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1721-1739. [PMID: 36396746 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic cardiomyopathy is an emerging cause of heart failure in patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. It is characterized by impaired myocardial metabolic flexibility, intramyocardial triglyceride accumulation, and lipotoxic damage in association with structural and functional alterations of the heart, unrelated to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and other cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development and progression of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondria are the most significant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. Disturbances in myocardial substrate metabolism induce mitochondrial adaptation and dysfunction, manifested as a mismatch between mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and the electron transport chain (ETC) activity, which facilitates ROS production within the ETC components. In addition, non-ETC sources of mitochondrial ROS, such as β-oxidation of fatty acids, may also produce a considerable quantity of ROS in metabolic cardiomyopathy. Augmented ROS production in cardiomyocytes can induce a variety of effects, including the programming of myocardial energy substrate metabolism, modulation of metabolic inflammation, redox modification of ion channels and transporters, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ultimately leading to the structural and functional alterations of the heart. Based on the above mechanistic views, the present review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the role of oxidative stress.
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12
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Eftekharpour E, Fernyhough P. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:578-596. [PMID: 34416846 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review highlights the many intracellular processes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peripheral nervous system in the context of type 1 diabetes. The major sources of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are described, and scavenging systems are explained. Important roles of ROS in regulating normal redox signaling and in a disease setting, such as diabetes, contributing to oxidative stress and cellular damage are outlined. The primary focus is the role of hyperglycemia in driving elevated ROS production and oxidative stress contributing to neurodegeneration in diabetic neuropathy (within the dorsal root ganglia [DRG] and peripheral nerve). Recent Advances: Contributors to ROS production under high intracellular glucose concentration such as mitochondria and the polyol pathway are discussed. The primarily damaging impact of ROS on multiple pathways including mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and epigenetic signaling is covered. Critical Issues: There is a strong focus on mechanisms of diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and how this may drive ROS production (in particular superoxide). The mitochondrial sites of superoxide/H2O2 production via mitochondrial metabolism and aerobic respiration are reviewed. Future Directions: Areas for future development are highlighted, including the need to clarify diabetes-induced changes in autophagy and ER function in neurons and Schwann cells. In addition, more clarity is needed regarding the sources of ROS production at mitochondrial sites under high glucose concentration (and lack of insulin signaling). New areas of study should be introduced to investigate the role of ROS, nuclear lamina function, and epigenetic signaling under diabetic conditions in peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology and Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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13
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Sun R, Tian X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Gao D, Zheng S, Yao J. The m6A reader YTHDF3-mediated PRDX3 translation alleviates liver fibrosis. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102378. [PMID: 35779442 PMCID: PMC9287738 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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14
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Guerbette T, Boudry G, Lan A. Mitochondrial function in intestinal epithelium homeostasis and modulation in diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101546. [PMID: 35817394 PMCID: PMC9305624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic low-grade inflammation observed in diet-induced obesity has been associated with dysbiosis and disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. This latter relies on an efficient epithelial barrier and coordinated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) renewal that are supported by their mitochondrial function. However, IEC mitochondrial function might be impaired by high fat diet (HFD) consumption, notably through gut-derived metabolite production and fatty acids, that may act as metabolic perturbators of IEC. Scope of review This review presents the current general knowledge on mitochondria, before focusing on IEC mitochondrial function and its role in the control of intestinal homeostasis, and featuring the known effects of nutrients and metabolites, originating from the diet or gut bacterial metabolism, on IEC mitochondrial function. It then summarizes the impact of HFD on mitochondrial function in IEC of both small intestine and colon and discusses the possible link between mitochondrial dysfunction and altered intestinal homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Major conclusions HFD consumption provokes a metabolic shift toward fatty acid β-oxidation in the small intestine epithelial cells and impairs colonocyte mitochondrial function, possibly through downstream consequences of excessive fatty acid β-oxidation and/or the presence of deleterious metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. Decreased levels of ATP and concomitant O2 leaks into the intestinal lumen could explain the alterations of intestinal epithelium dynamics, barrier disruption and dysbiosis that contribute to the loss of epithelial homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. However, the effect of HFD on IEC mitochondrial function in the small intestine remains unknown and the precise mechanisms by which HFD induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the colon have not been elucidated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Annaïg Lan
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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15
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Abstract
Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with many human diseases. So far, however, we have failed to define homeostasis or dysbiosis by the presence or absence of specific microbial species. The composition and function of the adult gut microbiota is governed by diet and host factors that regulate and direct microbial growth. The host delivers oxygen and nitrate to the lumen of the small intestine, which selects for bacteria that use respiration for energy production. In the colon, by contrast, the host limits the availability of oxygen and nitrate, which results in a bacterial community that specializes in fermentation for growth. Although diet influences microbiota composition, a poor diet weakens host control mechanisms that regulate the microbiota. Hence, quantifying host parameters that control microbial growth could help define homeostasis or dysbiosis and could offer alternative strategies to remediate dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Renée M Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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PPAR Alpha as a Metabolic Modulator of the Liver: Role in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050792. [PMID: 35625520 PMCID: PMC9138523 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the context of liver disease, one of the more growing public health problems is the transition from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Profound metabolic dysregulations linked to inflammation and hepatic injury are features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Since the peroxisomal-proliferator-activated receptor alpha has long been considered one of the key transcriptional factors in hepatic metabolism, its role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is discussed in this review. Abstract The strong relationship between metabolic alterations and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) suggests a pathogenic interplay. However, many aspects have not yet been fully clarified. Nowadays, NASH is becoming the main cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an effort to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NASH is critical. Among the nuclear receptor transcription factors, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is highly expressed in the liver, where it works as a pivotal transcriptional regulator of the intermediary metabolism. In this context, PPARα’s function in regulating the lipid metabolism is essential for proper liver functioning. Here, we review metabolic liver genes under the control of PPARα and discuss how this aspect can impact the inflammatory condition and pathogenesis of NASH.
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17
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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He Y, Wang Q, Li J, Li Z. Comparative proteomic profiling in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis under low pH stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:526-535. [PMID: 34953999 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lower pH gives rise to a harmful stress to crustacean. Here, we analyzed the proteomic response of Fenneropenaeus chinensis from control pH (pH value 8.2) and low pH (pH value 6.5) - treated groups by employing absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis. Among the identified proteins, a total of 76 proteins differed in their abundance levels, including 45 upregulated and 31 downregulated proteins. The up-regulation of proteins like citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, V-type proton ATPase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate-aldolase as well as the enrichment of the DEPs in multiple metabolic processes and pathways illustrated that increased energy and substrates metabolism was essential for F. chinensis to counteract low pH stress. Ion transporting related proteins, such as Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and calmodulin, participated in the homeostatic maintenance of pH in F. chinensis. There were significant downregulation expressions of lectin, lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein, chitinase, cathepsin L and beta-glucuronidase, which indicating the immune dysfunction of F. chinensis when exposure to low pH condition. These findings can extend our understanding on the defensive mechanisms of the low pH stress and accelerate the breeding process of low pH tolerance in F. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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19
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Islam SMT, Won J, Khan M, Chavin KD, Singh I. Peroxisomal footprint in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:466-471. [PMID: 31870746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of fatty liver disease where benign hepatic steatosis leads to chronic inflammation in the steatotic liver of a patient without any history of alcohol abuse. Mechanisms underlying the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH have long been investigated. This review outlines the potential role of peroxisomal dysfunctions in exacerbating the disease in NASH. Loss of peroxisomes as well as impaired peroxisomal functions have been demonstrated to occur in inflammatory conditions including NASH. Because peroxisomes and mitochondria co-operatively perform many metabolic functions including O2 and lipid metabolisms, a compromised peroxisomal biogenesis and function can potentially contribute to defective lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism which in turn can lead the progression of disease in NASH. Impaired peroxisomal biogenesis and function may be due to the decreased expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), the major transcription factor of peroxisomal biogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the reduced expression of PPAR-α in NASH is correlated with the activation of the toll-like receptor-4 pathway (TLR-4). Further investigations are required to establish the mechanistic connection between the TLR-4 pathway and PPAR-α-dependent impaired biogenesis/function of peroxisomes in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Chavin
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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20
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Yoo W, Zieba JK, Foegeding NJ, Torres TP, Shelton CD, Shealy NG, Byndloss AJ, Cevallos SA, Gertz E, Tiffany CR, Thomas JD, Litvak Y, Nguyen H, Olsan EE, Bennett BJ, Rathmell JC, Major AS, Bäumler AJ, Byndloss MX. High-fat diet-induced colonocyte dysfunction escalates microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide. Science 2021; 373:813-818. [PMID: 34385401 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A Western-style, high-fat diet promotes cardiovascular disease, in part because it is rich in choline, which is converted to trimethylamine (TMA) by the gut microbiota. However, whether diet-induced changes in intestinal physiology can alter the metabolic capacity of the microbiota remains unknown. Using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, we show that chronic exposure to a high-fat diet escalates Escherichia coli choline catabolism by altering intestinal epithelial physiology. A high-fat diet impaired the bioenergetics of mitochondria in the colonic epithelium to increase the luminal bioavailability of oxygen and nitrate, thereby intensifying respiration-dependent choline catabolism of E. coli In turn, E. coli choline catabolism increased levels of circulating trimethlamine N-oxide, which is a potentially harmful metabolite generated by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongjae Yoo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob K Zieba
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nora J Foegeding
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catherine D Shelton
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Austin J Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephanie A Cevallos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erik Gertz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.,Agriculture Research Service (ARS-USDA), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Julia D Thomas
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erin E Olsan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.,Agriculture Research Service (ARS-USDA), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amy S Major
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Agriculture Research Service (ARS-USDA), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081144. [PMID: 34439810 PMCID: PMC8391472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS function as secondary messengers, inducing redox-sensitive post-translational modifications (PTM) in proteins and activating or deactivating different cell signaling pathways. However, in kidney diseases, ROS overproduction causes oxidative stress (OS), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering its metabolism and dynamics. The latter processes are closely related to changes in the cell redox-sensitive signaling pathways, causing inflammation and apoptosis cell death. Although mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and OS have been studied in kidney diseases, the role of redox signaling pathways in mitochondria has not been addressed. This review focuses on altering the metabolism and dynamics of mitochondria through the dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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22
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Smith CD, Lin CT, McMillin SL, Weyrauch LA, Schmidt CA, Smith CA, Kurland IJ, Witczak CA, Neufer PD. Genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial reductive stress and glucose intolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E938-E950. [PMID: 33813880 PMCID: PMC8238127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission and an oxidative shift in cytosolic redox environment have been linked to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To test specifically whether increased flux through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in the absence of elevated energy demand, directly alters mitochondrial function and redox state in muscle, two genetic models characterized by increased muscle β-oxidation flux were studied. In mice overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in muscle (MCK-PPARα), lipid-supported mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (ΔΨm), and H2O2 production rate (JH2O2) were increased, which coincided with a more oxidized cytosolic redox environment, reduced muscle glucose uptake, and whole body glucose intolerance despite an increased rate of energy expenditure. Similar results were observed in lipin-1-deficient, fatty-liver dystrophic mice, another model characterized by increased β-oxidation flux and glucose intolerance. Crossing MCAT (mitochondria-targeted catalase) with MCK-PPARα mice normalized JH2O2 production, redox environment, and glucose tolerance, but surprisingly, both basal and absolute insulin-stimulated rates of glucose uptake in muscle remained depressed. Also surprising, when placed on a high-fat diet, MCK-PPARα mice were characterized by much lower whole body, fat, and lean mass as well as improved glucose tolerance relative to wild-type mice, providing additional evidence that overexpression of PPARα in muscle imposes more extensive metabolic stress than experienced by wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Overall, the findings suggest that driving an increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation in the absence of metabolic demand imposes mitochondrial reductive stress and elicits multiple counterbalance metabolic responses in an attempt to restore bioenergetic homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prior work has suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying cause of insulin resistance in muscle because it limits fatty acid oxidation and therefore leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic lipid intermediates. The implication has been that therapeutic strategies to accelerate β-oxidation will be protective. The current study provides evidence that genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in muscle imposes reductive stress that is not beneficial but rather detrimental to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Luke A Weyrauch
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cheryl A Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Carol A Witczak
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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23
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Okoye CN, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Modulation of mitochondrial site-specific hydrogen peroxide efflux by exogenous stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:439-456. [PMID: 33383085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) deprivation and metals are common environmental stressors and their exposure to aquatic organisms can induce oxidative stress by disrupting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS in the cell wherein a dozen sites located on enzymes of the electron transport system (ETS) and substrate oxidation produce superoxide anion radicals (O2˙‾) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Sites located on ETS enzymes can generate ROS by forward electron transfer (FET) and reverse electron transfer (RET) reactions; however, knowledge of how exogenous stressors modulate site-specific ROS production is limited. We investigated the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and cadmium (Cd) on H2O2 emission in fish liver mitochondria oxidizing glutamate-malate, succinate or palmitoylcarnitine-malate. We find that anoxia-reoxygenation attenuates H2O2 emission while the effect of Cd depends on the substrate, with monotonic responses for glutamate-malate and palmitoylcarnitine-malate, and a biphasic response for succinate. Anoxia-reoxygenation exerts a substrate-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration which is more severe with palmitoylcarnitine-malate compared with succinate or glutamate-malate. Additionally, specific mitochondrial ROS-emitting sites were sequestered using blockers of electron transfer and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cd on H2O2 emission were evaluated. Here, we find that site-specific H2O2 emission capacities depend on the substrate and the direction of electron flow. Moreover, anoxia-reoxygenation alters site-specific H2O2 emission rates during succinate and glutamate-malate oxidation whereas Cd imposes monotonic or biphasic H2O2 emission responses depending on the substrate and site. Contrary to our expectation, anoxia-reoxygenation blunts the effect of Cd. These results suggest that the effect of exogenous stressors on mitochondrial oxidant production is governed by their impact on energy conversion reactions and mitochondrial redox poise. Moreover, direct increased ROS production seemingly does not explain the increased adverse effects associated with combined exposure of aquatic organisms to Cd and low dissolved oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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24
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Baldini F, Fabbri R, Eberhagen C, Voci A, Portincasa P, Zischka H, Vergani L. Adipocyte hypertrophy parallels alterations of mitochondrial status in a cell model for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2020; 265:118812. [PMID: 33278396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adipocyte hypertrophy is the main cause of obesity. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating adipocyte dysfunction may help to plan strategies to treat/prevent obesity and its metabolic complications. Here, we investigated in vitro the molecular alterations associated with early adipocyte hypertrophy, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. MAIN METHODS As model of adipocyte hypertrophy, we employed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes firstly differentiated into mature adipocytes, then cultured with long-chain fatty acids. As a function of differentiation and hypertrophy, we assessed triglyceride content, lipid droplet size, radical homeostasis by spectrophotometry and microscopy, as well as the expression of PPARγ, adiponectin and metallothioneins. Mitochondrial status was investigated by electron microscopy, oxygraph 2 k (O2K) high-resolution respirometry, fluorimetry and western blot. KEY FINDINGS Compared to mature adipocytes, hypertrophic adipocytes showed increased triglyceride accumulation and lipid peroxidation, larger or unique lipid droplet, up-regulated expression of PPARγ, adiponectin and metallothioneins. At mitochondrial level, early-hypertrophic adipocytes exhibited: (i) impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption with parallel reduction in the mitochondrial complexes; (ii) no changes in citrate synthase and HSP60 expression, and in the inner mitochondrial membrane polarization; (iii) no stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Our findings indicate that the content, integrity, and catabolic activity of mitochondria were rather unchanged in early hypertrophic adipocytes, while oxygen consumption and oxidant production were altered. SIGNIFICANCE In the model of early adipocyte hypertrophy exacerbated oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial respiration were observed, likely depending on reduction in the mitochondrial complexes, without changes in mitochondrial mass and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Ding X, Yang C, Moreira W, Yuan P, Periaswamy B, de Sessions PF, Zhao H, Tan J, Lee A, Ong KX, Park N, Liang ZC, Hedrick JL, Yang YY. A Macromolecule Reversing Antibiotic Resistance Phenotype and Repurposing Drugs as Potent Antibiotics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001374. [PMID: 32995131 PMCID: PMC7503100 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to mitigate antibiotic resistance, a new strategy to increase antibiotic potency and reverse drug resistance is needed. Herein, the translocation mechanism of an antimicrobial guanidinium-functionalized polycarbonate is leveraged in combination with traditional antibiotics to afford a potent treatment for drug-resistant bacteria. Particularly, this polymer-antibiotic combination approach reverses rifampicin resistance phenotype in Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrating a 2.5 × 105-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a 4096-fold reduction in minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This approach also enables the repurposing of auranofin as an antibiotic against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria with a 512-fold MIC and 128-fold MBC reduction, respectively. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of polymer-rifampicin combination is demonstrated in a MDR bacteremia mouse model. This combination approach lays foundational ground rules for a new class of antibiotic adjuvants capable of reversing drug resistance phenotype and repurposing drugs against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | - Wilfried Moreira
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)1 CREATE WaySingapore138602Singapore
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Balamurugan Periaswamy
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | | | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Jeremy Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | - Ashlynn Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | - Kai Xun Ong
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)1 CREATE WaySingapore138602Singapore
| | - Nathaniel Park
- IBM Almaden Research Center650 Harry RoadSan JoseCA95120USA
| | - Zhen Chang Liang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
| | | | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology31 Biopolis Way, The NanosSingapore138669Singapore
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Smith CD, Schmidt CA, Lin CT, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. Flux through mitochondrial redox circuits linked to nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase generates counterbalance changes in energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16207-16216. [PMID: 32747443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Compensatory changes in energy expenditure occur in response to positive and negative energy balance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Under low energy demand, the mitochondrial electron transport system is particularly sensitive to added energy supply (i.e. reductive stress), which exponentially increases the rate of H2O2 (JH2O2) production. H2O2 is reduced to H2O by electrons supplied by NADPH. NADP+ is reduced back to NADPH by activation of mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). The coupling of reductive stress-induced JH2O2 production to NNT-linked redox buffering circuits provides a potential means of integrating energy balance with energy expenditure. To test this hypothesis, energy supply was manipulated by varying flux rate through β-oxidation in muscle mitochondria minus/plus pharmacological or genetic inhibition of redox buffering circuits. Here we show during both non-ADP- and low-ADP-stimulated respiration that accelerating flux through β-oxidation generates a corresponding increase in mitochondrial JH2O2 production, that the majority (∼70-80%) of H2O2 produced is reduced to H2O by electrons drawn from redox buffering circuits supplied by NADPH, and that the rate of electron flux through redox buffering circuits is directly linked to changes in oxygen consumption mediated by NNT. These findings provide evidence that redox reactions within β-oxidation and the electron transport system serve as a barometer of substrate flux relative to demand, continuously adjusting JH2O2 production and, in turn, the rate at which energy is expended via NNT-mediated proton conductance. This variable flux through redox circuits provides a potential compensatory mechanism for fine-tuning energy expenditure to energy balance in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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27
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Lee JY, Cevallos SA, Byndloss MX, Tiffany CR, Olsan EE, Butler BP, Young BM, Rogers AWL, Nguyen H, Kim K, Choi SW, Bae E, Lee JH, Min UG, Lee DC, Bäumler AJ. High-Fat Diet and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics to Trigger Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:273-284.e6. [PMID: 32668218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical spectra of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) intersect to form a scantily defined overlap syndrome, termed pre-IBD. We show that increased Enterobacteriaceae and reduced Clostridia abundance distinguish the fecal microbiota of pre-IBD patients from IBS patients. A history of antibiotics in individuals consuming a high-fat diet was associated with the greatest risk for pre-IBD. Exposing mice to these risk factors resulted in conditions resembling pre-IBD and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in the colonic epithelium, which triggered dysbiosis. Restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics in the colonic epithelium with 5-amino salicylic acid, a PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonist that stimulates mitochondrial activity, ameliorated pre-IBD symptoms. As with patients, mice with pre-IBD exhibited notable expansions of Enterobacteriaceae that exacerbated low-grade mucosal inflammation, suggesting that remediating dysbiosis can alleviate inflammation. Thus, environmental risk factors cooperate to impair epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics, thereby triggering microbiota disruptions that exacerbate inflammation and distinguish pre-IBD from IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephanie A Cevallos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor R Tiffany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erin E Olsan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian P Butler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Briana M Young
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew W L Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyongchol Kim
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Bae
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hee Lee
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Gi Min
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Figueiredo LS, Oliveira KM, Freitas IN, Silva JA, Silva JN, Favero-Santos BC, Bonfleur ML, Carneiro EM, Ribeiro RA. Bisphenol-A exposure worsens hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized mice fed on a high-fat diet: Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and fibrogenic pathways. Life Sci 2020; 256:118012. [PMID: 32593710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bisphenol (BP)-A exposure can impair glucose and lipid metabolism. However, it is unclear whether this endocrine disruptor (ED) modulates these processes in postmenopause, a period with organic changes that increase the risk for metabolic diseases. Herein, we evaluated the effects of BPA exposure on adiposity, glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). MAIN METHODS Adult Swiss female mice were OVX and submitted to a normolipidic diet or HFD and drinking water without [control (OVX CTL) and OVX HFD groups, respectively] or with 1 μg/mL BPA (OVX CBPA and OVX HBPA groups, respectively), for 3 months. KEY FINDINGS OVX HFD females displayed increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and moderate hepatic steatosis. This effect was associated with a high hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis (Srebf1 and Scd1), β-oxidation (Cpt1a) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (Hspa5 and Hyou1). BPA did not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis disruptions induced by HFD. However, this ED triggered severe steatosis, exacerbating hepatic fat and collagen depositions in OVX HBPA, in association with a reduction in Mttp mRNA, and up-regulation of genes involved in β-oxidation (Acox1 and Acadvl), mitochondrial uncoupling (Ucp2), ER stress (Hyou1 and Atf6) and chronic liver injury (Tgfb1and Casp8). Furthermore, BPA caused mild steatosis in OVX CBPA females, increasing the hepatic total lipids and mRNAs for Srebf1, Scd1, Hspa5, Hyou1 and Atf6. SIGNIFICANCE BPA aggravated hepatic steatosis in OVX mice. Especially when combined with a HFD, BPA caused NAFLD progression, which was partly mediated by chronic ER stress and the TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kênia M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Israelle N Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joel A Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Favero-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Cascavel, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosane A Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Divisão de Pesquisa Integrada em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências (DPBio), Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (SEBISA), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Gut Epithelial Metabolism as a Key Driver of Intestinal Dysbiosis Associated with Noncommunicable Diseases. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00939-19. [PMID: 32122941 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00939-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries, the leading causes of death are noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. An important feature of most NCDs is inflammation-induced gut dysbiosis characterized by a shift in the microbial community structure from obligate to facultative anaerobes such as Proteobacteria This microbial imbalance can contribute to disease pathogenesis by either a depletion in or the production of microbiota-derived metabolites. However, little is known about the mechanism by which inflammation-mediated changes in host physiology disrupt the microbial ecosystem in our large intestine leading to disease. Recent work by our group suggests that during gut homeostasis, epithelial hypoxia derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent β-oxidation of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids limits oxygen availability in the colon, thereby maintaining a balanced microbial community. During inflammation, disruption in gut anaerobiosis drives expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, regardless of their pathogenic potential. Therefore, our research group is currently exploring the concept that dysbiosis-associated expansion of Enterobacteriaceae can be viewed as a microbial signature of epithelial dysfunction and may play a greater role in different models of NCDs, including diet-induced obesity, atherosclerosis, and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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30
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An Update on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060472. [PMID: 32498250 PMCID: PMC7346187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are quantifiably the most important sources of superoxide (O2●-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mammalian cells. The overproduction of these molecules has been studied mostly in the contexts of the pathogenesis of human diseases and aging. However, controlled bursts in mitochondrial ROS production, most notably H2O2, also plays a vital role in the transmission of cellular information. Striking a balance between utilizing H2O2 in second messaging whilst avoiding its deleterious effects requires the use of sophisticated feedback control and H2O2 degrading mechanisms. Mitochondria are enriched with H2O2 degrading enzymes to desensitize redox signals. These organelles also use a series of negative feedback loops, such as proton leaks or protein S-glutathionylation, to inhibit H2O2 production. Understanding how mitochondria produce ROS is also important for comprehending how these organelles use H2O2 in eustress signaling. Indeed, twelve different enzymes associated with nutrient metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can serve as important ROS sources. This includes several flavoproteins and respiratory complexes I-III. Progress in understanding how mitochondria generate H2O2 for signaling must also account for critical physiological factors that strongly influence ROS production, such as sex differences and genetic variances in genes encoding antioxidants and proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. In the present review, I provide an updated view on how mitochondria budget cellular H2O2 production. These discussions will focus on the potential addition of two acyl-CoA dehydrogenases to the list of ROS generators and the impact of important phenotypic and physiological factors such as tissue type, mouse strain, and sex on production by these individual sites.
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31
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Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, Cai J, Li H. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:116-141. [PMID: 32156524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic lipid accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts to NAFLD mainly through the downregulation of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the preserved or enhanced capacity of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which stimulates ROS overproduction within different ETC components upstream of cytochrome c oxidase. However, non-ETC sources of ROS, in particular, fatty acid β-oxidation, appear to produce more ROS in hepatic metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase alterations are also associated with NAFLD, but the degree of their contribution to oxidative stress in NAFLD remains unclear. Increased ROS generation induces changes in insulin sensitivity and in the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between redox signaling and innate immune signaling forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on the mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes the mechanisms that may account for the excessive production of ROS, the potential mechanistic roles of ROS that drive NAFLD progression, and therapeutic interventions that are related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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32
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Calbet JAL, Martín-Rodríguez S, Martin-Rincon M, Morales-Alamo D. An integrative approach to the regulation of mitochondrial respiration during exercise: Focus on high-intensity exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101478. [PMID: 32156501 PMCID: PMC7284910 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During exercise, muscle ATP demand increases with intensity, and at the highest power output, ATP consumption may increase more than 100-fold above the resting level. The rate of mitochondrial ATP production during exercise depends on the availability of O2, carbon substrates, reducing equivalents, ADP, Pi, free creatine, and Ca2+. It may also be modulated by acidosis, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). During fatiguing and repeated sprint exercise, RONS production may cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular structures and may reduce mitochondrial efficiency. Human studies indicate that the relatively low mitochondrial respiratory rates observed during sprint exercise are not due to lack of O2, or insufficient provision of Ca2+, reduced equivalents or carbon substrates, being a suboptimal stimulation by ADP the most plausible explanation. Recent in vitro studies with isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria, studied in conditions mimicking different exercise intensities, indicate that ROS production during aerobic exercise amounts to 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than previously thought. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiration, particularly during high-intensity exercise. We will analyze the factors that limit mitochondrial respiration and those that determine mitochondrial efficiency during exercise. Lastly, the differences in mitochondrial respiration between men and women will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Saúl Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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33
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Alteration of mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in drug-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110916. [PMID: 31669601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 13 proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. In liver, genetic or acquired impairment of mtDNA homeostasis can reduce ATP output but also decrease fatty acid oxidation, thus leading to different hepatic lesions including massive necrosis and microvesicular steatosis. Hence, a severe impairment of mtDNA homeostasis can lead to liver failure and death. An increasing number of investigations report that some drugs can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by altering mtDNA homeostasis. Some drugs such as ciprofloxacin, antiretroviral nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and tacrine can inhibit hepatic mtDNA replication, thus inducing mtDNA depletion. Drug-induced reduced mtDNA levels can also be the consequence of reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage to mtDNA, which triggers its degradation by mitochondrial nucleases. Such mechanism is suspected for acetaminophen and troglitazone. Other pharmaceuticals such as linezolid and tetracyclines can impair mtDNA translation, thus selectively reducing the synthesis of the 13 mtDNA-encoded proteins. Lastly, some drugs might alter the mtDNA methylation status but the pathophysiological consequences of such alteration are still unclear. Drug-induced impairment of mtDNA homeostasis is probably under-recognized since preclinical and post-marketing safety studies do not classically investigate mtDNA levels, mitochondrial protein synthesis and mtDNA oxidative damage.
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Kaiser H, Yu K, Pandya C, Mendhe B, Isales CM, McGee-Lawrence ME, Johnson M, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW. Kynurenine, a Tryptophan Metabolite That Increases with Age, Induces Muscle Atrophy and Lipid Peroxidation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9894238. [PMID: 31737181 PMCID: PMC6815546 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9894238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying loss of muscle mass with age (sarcopenia) are not well-understood; however, heterochronic parabiosis experiments show that circulating factors are likely to play a role. Kynurenine (KYN) is a circulating tryptophan metabolite that is known to increase with age and is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). Here, we tested the hypothesis that KYN activation of Ahr plays a role in muscle loss with aging. Results indicate that KYN treatment of mouse and human myoblasts increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 2-fold and KYN treatment in vivo reduced muscle size and strength and increased muscle lipid peroxidation in young mice. PCR array data indicate that muscle fiber size reduction with KYN treatment reduces protein synthesis markers whereas ubiquitin ligase gene expression is not significantly increased. KYN is generated by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and aged mice treated with the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan showed an increase in muscle fiber size and muscle strength. Small-molecule inhibition of Ahr in vitro, and Ahr knockout in vivo, did not prevent KYN-induced increases in ROS, suggesting that KYN can directly increase ROS independent of Ahr activation. Protein analysis identified very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase as a factor activated by KYN that may increase ROS and lipid peroxidation. Our data suggest that IDO inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of sarcopenia and possibly other age-associated conditions associated with KYN accumulation such as bone loss and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kaiser
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chirayu Pandya
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bharati Mendhe
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Maribeth Johnson
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mark W. Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Azevedo LF, Porto Dechandt CR, Cristina de Souza Rocha C, Hornos Carneiro MF, Alberici LC, Barbosa F. Long-term exposure to bisphenol A or S promotes glucose intolerance and changes hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110694. [PMID: 31344369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of low-level long-term exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) on serum biochemical markers, glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, biogenesis and dynamics, and redox status in livers of Wistar rats. While only the exposure to BPS induces a significant body mass gain after 21 weeks, both compounds alter serum lipid levels and lead to the development of glucose intolerance. Regarding mitochondrial metabolism, both bisphenols augment the electron entry by complex II relative to complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), and reduce mitochondrial content; BPA reduces OXPHOS capacity and uncouples respiration (relative to maximal capacity of MRC) but promotes a significant increase in fatty acid oxidation. Either exposure to BPA or BPS leads to an increase in mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, mainly at complex I. Additionally, BPA and BPS significantly upregulate the expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 related to mitochondrial fission, while BPA downregulates the expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In summary, our data shows that exposure to both compounds alters metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial energy metabolism, providing new mechanisms by which BPA and BPS impair the mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ferreira Azevedo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Porto Dechandt
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cecília Cristina de Souza Rocha
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Beck ME, Goetzman ES. The fatty acid oxidation enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase can be a source of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101253. [PMID: 31234015 PMCID: PMC6597861 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-driven H2O2 has been shown to be a major source of oxidative stress in several tissues and disease states. Here, we established that the mitochondrial flavoprotein long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), which catalyzes a key step in mitochondrial FAO, directly produces H2O2in vitro by leaking electrons to oxygen. Kinetic analysis of recombinant human LCAD showed that it produces H2O2 15-fold faster than the related mitochondrial enzyme very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), but 50-fold slower than a bona fide peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. The rate of H2O2 formation by human LCAD is slow compared to its activity as a dehydrogenase (about 1%). However, expression of hLCAD in HepG2 cells is sufficient to significantly increase H2O2 in the presence of fatty acids. Liver mitochondria from LCAD−/− mice, but not VLCAD−/− mice, produce significantly less H2O2 during incubation with fatty acids. Finally, we observe highest LCAD expression in human liver, followed by kidney, lung, and pancreas. Based on our data, we propose that the presence of LCAD drives H2O2 formation in response to fatty acids in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Megan E Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in In Vitro Cardiac Maturation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:482-493. [PMID: 31080142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in developmental biology and biomedical engineering have significantly improved the efficiency and purity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Regardless of the protocol used to derive CMs, these cells exhibit hallmarks of functional immaturity. In this Opinion, we focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS), signaling molecules that can potentially modulate cardiac maturation. We outline how ROS impacts nearly every aspect associated with cardiac maturation, including contractility, calcium handling, metabolism, and hypertrophy. Though the precise role of ROS in cardiac maturation has yet to be elucidated, ROS may provide a valuable perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms for cardiac maturation under various conditions.
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Barros-Junior IB, da Silva Filho RC, Vasconcelos DAA, Vidal H, Morio B, Fernandes MP. Saturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Diet-Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Liver From Undernourished Rats During Critical Periods of Development. Cells 2019; 8:E335. [PMID: 30974751 PMCID: PMC6523252 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional transition that the western population has undergone is increasingly associated with chronic metabolic diseases. In this work, we evaluated a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (hyperlipidic, HL) after weaning of the offspring rats submitted to maternal protein restriction on the hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. Wistar rats were mated and during gestation and lactation, mothers received control diets (NP, normal protein content 17%) or low protein (LP, 8% protein). After weaning, rats received either NL (normolipidic) or HL (+59% SFA) diets up to 90 days of life. It was verified that all respiratory states of hepatic mitochondria showed a reduction in the LP group submitted to the post-weaning HL diet. This group also presented greater mitochondrial swelling compared to controls, potentiated after Ca2+ addition and prevented in the presence of EGTA (calcium chelator) and cyclosporin A (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor). There was also an increase in liver protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation and reduction in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the LP group fed HL diet after weaning. Our data suggest that adult rats subjected to maternal protein restriction were more susceptible to hepatic mitochondrial damage caused by a diet rich in saturated fatty acids post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Joao H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Idelfonso B Barros-Junior
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Reginaldo C da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Diogo A A Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France.
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE 55608-680, Brazil.
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Vercesi AE, Castilho RF, Kowaltowski AJ, de Oliveira HCF, de Souza-Pinto NC, Figueira TR, Busanello ENB. Mitochondrial calcium transport and the redox nature of the calcium-induced membrane permeability transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:1-24. [PMID: 30172747 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess a Ca2+ transport system composed of separate Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways. Intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations regulate oxidative phosphorylation, required for cell function and survival, and mitochondrial redox balance, that participates in a myriad of signaling and damaging pathways. The interaction between Ca2+ accumulation and redox imbalance regulates opening and closing of a highly regulated inner membrane pore, the membrane permeability transition pore (PTP). In this review, we discuss the regulation of the PTP by mitochondrial oxidants, reactive nitrogen species, and the interactions between these species and other PTP inducers. In addition, we discuss the involvement of mitochondrial redox imbalance and PTP in metabolic conditions such as atherogenesis, diabetes, obesity and in mtDNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal E Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena C F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadja C de Souza-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela N B Busanello
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Schleicher J, Dahmen U. Computational Modeling of Oxidative Stress in Fatty Livers Elucidates the Underlying Mechanism of the Increased Susceptibility to Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:511-522. [PMID: 30505404 PMCID: PMC6247397 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Donor liver organs with moderate to high fat content (i.e. steatosis) suffer from an enhanced susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation. Responsible for the cellular injury is an increased level of oxidative stress, however the underlying mechanistic network is still not fully understood. METHOD We developed a phenomenological mathematical model of key processes of hepatic lipid metabolism linked to pathways of oxidative stress. The model allows the simulation of hypoxia (i.e. ischemia-like conditions) and reoxygenation (i.e. reperfusion-like conditions) for various degrees of steatosis and predicts the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) as a marker of cell damage caused by oxidative stress. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Our modeling results show that the underlying feedback loop between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and LPO leads to bistable systems behavior. Here, the first stable state corresponds to a low basal level of ROS production. The system is directed to this state for healthy, non-steatotic livers. The second stable state corresponds to a high level of oxidative stress with an enhanced formation of ROS and LPO. This state is reached, if steatotic livers with a high fat content undergo a hypoxic phase. Theoretically, our proposed mechanistic network would support the prediction of the maximal tolerable ischemia time for steatotic livers: Exceeding this limit during the transplantation process would lead to severe IRI and a considerable increased risk for liver failure.
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Key Words
- 4HNE, 4-Hydroxynonenal
- 8-OHdG, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- ALOX12, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
- AOD, Antioxidative defense
- CAT, Catalase
- DNL, de novo lipogenesis
- FA, Fatty acid
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- GSSG, Oxidized glutathione
- H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide
- HFD, High-fat diet
- HIF, Hypoxia-inducible factor
- Hepatic fatty acid metabolism
- IL, Interleukin
- IR, Ischemia/reperfusion
- IRI, Ischemia/reperfusion injury
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- O2, Oxygen
- O2–, Superoxide anion
- OH⁎, Hydroxyl radical
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- Steatosis
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TG, Triglyceride
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- UCP2, Uncoupling protein-2
- cAMP, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schleicher
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Massart J, Begriche K, Moreau C, Fromenty B. Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. J Clin Transl Res 2017; 3:212-232. [PMID: 28691103 PMCID: PMC5500243 DOI: 10.18053/jctres.03.2017s1.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is often associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which refers to a large spectrum of hepatic lesions including fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Different investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs could induce more frequently an acute hepatitis in obese individuals whereas others could worsen pre-existing NAFLD. AIM The main objective of the present review was to collect the available information regarding the role of NAFLD as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, we performed a data-mining analysis using different queries including drug-induced liver injury (or DILI), drug-induced hepatotoxicity, fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (or NAFLD), steatosis and obesity. The main data from the collected articles are reported in this review and when available, some pathophysiological hypotheses are put forward. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Drugs that could pose a potential risk in obese patients include compounds belonging to different pharmacological classes such as acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone, stavudine and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations in obese rodents confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which could explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Other drugs such as pentoxifylline, phenobarbital and omeprazole might also pose a risk but more investigations are required to determine whether this risk is significant or not. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, it is urgent to identify the main pharmaceuticals that can cause acute hepatitis on a fatty liver background or induce NAFLD worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Moreau
- INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Marmisolle I, Martínez J, Liu J, Mastrogiovanni M, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Moreno M, Cao L, Finkel T, Quijano C. Reciprocal regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and senescence in human fibroblasts involves oxidant mediated p38 MAPK activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:12-22. [PMID: 27983949 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to explore the fate of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in human fibroblasts exposed to DNA damaging agents capable of inducing senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest. Induction of premature senescence by doxorubicin or hydrogen peroxide led to a decrease in protein and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty-acid biosynthesis. ACC1 decay accompanied the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and resulted in decreased lipid synthesis. A reduction in protein and mRNA levels of ACC1 and in lipid synthesis was also observed in human primary fibroblasts that underwent replicative senescence. We also explored the consequences of inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in proliferating non-transformed cells. Using shRNA technology, we knocked down ACC1 in human fibroblasts. Interestingly, this metabolic perturbation was sufficient to arrest proliferation and trigger the appearance of several markers of the DDR and increase senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase phosphorylation participated in the induction of senescence. Similar results were obtained upon silencing of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression. Together our results point towards a tight coordination of fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Marmisolle
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Castro
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Liu Cao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Celia Quijano
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kakimoto PA, Kowaltowski AJ. Effects of high fat diets on rodent liver bioenergetics and oxidative imbalance. Redox Biol 2016; 8:216-25. [PMID: 26826574 PMCID: PMC4753394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metabolic diseases can be mimicked in rodents by using dietary interventions such as high fat diets (HFD). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops as a result of HFD and the disease may progress in a manner involving increased production of oxidants. The main intracellular source of these oxidants are mitochondria, which are also responsible for lipid metabolism and thus widely recognized as important players in the pathology and progression of steatosis. Here, we review publications that study redox and bioenergetic effects of HFD in the liver. We find that dietary composition and protocol implementations vary widely, as do the results of these dietary interventions. Overall, all HFD promote steatosis, changes in β-oxidation, generation and consequences of oxidants, while effects on body weight, insulin signaling and other bioenergetic parameters are more variable with the experimental models adopted. Our review provides a broad analysis of the bioenergetic and redox changes promoted by HFD as well as suggestions for changes and specifications in methodologies that may help explain apparent disparities in the current literature. High fat diets (HFDs) induce steatosis, even with no weight changes . HFDs activate β-oxidation. HFDs promote oxidative imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela A Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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