1
|
Leclerc S, Gupta A, Ruokolainen V, Chen JH, Kunnas K, Ekman AA, Niskanen H, Belevich I, Vihinen H, Turkki P, Perez-Berna AJ, Kapishnikov S, Mäntylä E, Harkiolaki M, Dufour E, Hytönen V, Pereiro E, McEnroe T, Fahy K, Kaikkonen MU, Jokitalo E, Larabell CA, Weinhardt V, Mattola S, Aho V, Vihinen-Ranta M. Progression of herpesvirus infection remodels mitochondrial organization and metabolism. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011829. [PMID: 38620036 PMCID: PMC11045090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses target mitochondria to promote their replication, and infection-induced stress during the progression of infection leads to the regulation of antiviral defenses and mitochondrial metabolism which are opposed by counteracting viral factors. The precise structural and functional changes that underlie how mitochondria react to the infection remain largely unclear. Here we show extensive transcriptional remodeling of protein-encoding host genes involved in the respiratory chain, apoptosis, and structural organization of mitochondria as herpes simplex virus type 1 lytic infection proceeds from early to late stages of infection. High-resolution microscopy and interaction analyses unveiled infection-induced emergence of rough, thin, and elongated mitochondria relocalized to the perinuclear area, a significant increase in the number and clustering of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, and thickening and shortening of mitochondrial cristae. Finally, metabolic analyses demonstrated that reactivation of ATP production is accompanied by increased mitochondrial Ca2+ content and proton leakage as the infection proceeds. Overall, the significant structural and functional changes in the mitochondria triggered by the viral invasion are tightly connected to the progression of the virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leclerc
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Alka Gupta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Visa Ruokolainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kari Kunnas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Axel A. Ekman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Turkki
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ana J. Perez-Berna
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK; Division of Structural Biology, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Dufour
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Hytönen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carolyn A. Larabell
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Venera Weinhardt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Salla Mattola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Vesa Aho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palma FR, Gantner BN, Sakiyama MJ, Kayzuka C, Shukla S, Lacchini R, Cunniff B, Bonini MG. ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction? Oncogene 2024; 43:295-303. [PMID: 38081963 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are regarded as the by-products of respiration, and are widely associated with dysfunction and disease. Important signaling functions have been demonstrated for mitochondrial ROS in recent years. Still, their chemical reactivity and capacity to elicit oxidative damage have reinforced the idea that ROS are the products of dysfunctional mitochondria that accumulate during disease. Several studies support a different model, however, by showing that: (1) limited oxygen availability results in mitochondria prioritizing ROS production over ATP, (2) ROS is an essential adaptive mitochondrial signal triggered by various important stressors, and (3) while mitochondria-independent ATP production can be easily engaged by most cells, there is no known replacement for ROS-driven redox signaling. Based on these observations and other evidence reviewed here, we highlight the role of ROS production as a major mitochondrial function involved in cellular adaptation and stress resistance. As such, we propose a rekindled view of ROS production as a primary mitochondrial function as essential to life as ATP production itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cezar Kayzuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mosier JA, Fabiano ED, Ludolph CM, White AE, Reinhart-King CA. Confinement primes cells for faster migration by polarizing active mitochondria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:209-220. [PMID: 38125598 PMCID: PMC10729874 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues in the tumor microenvironment interplay with internal cellular processes to control cancer cell migration. Microscale pores present in tumor tissue confer varying degrees of confinement on migrating cells, increasing matrix contact and inducing cytoskeletal rearrangement. Previously, we observed that increased collagen matrix contact significantly increased cell migration speed and cell-induced strains within the matrix. However, the effects of this confinement on future cell migration are not fully understood. Here, we use a collagen microtrack platform to determine the effect of confinement on priming MDA-MB-231 cancer cells for fast migration. We show that migration through a confined track results in increased speed and accumulation of migratory machinery, including actin and active mitochondria, in the front of migrating breast cancer cells. By designing microtracks that allow cells to first navigate a region of high confinement, then a region of low confinement, we assessed whether migration in high confinement changes future migratory behavior. Indeed, cells maintain their speed attained in high confinement even after exiting to a region of low confinement, indicating that cells maintain memory of previous matrix cues to fuel fast migration. Active mitochondria maintain their location at the front of the cell even after cells leave high confinement. Furthermore, knocking out vinculin to disrupt focal adhesions disrupts active mitochondrial localization and disrupts the fast migration seen upon release from confinement. Together, these data suggest that active mitochondrial localization in confinement may facilitate fast migration post-confinement. By better understanding how confinement contributes to future cancer cell migration, we can identify potential therapeutic targets to inhibit breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Emily D Fabiano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Catherine M Ludolph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Addison E White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao X, Wang B, Li J, Niu B, Cao L, Liang XJ, Zhang J, Jin Y, Yang X. Catalytic Tunable Black Phosphorus/Ceria Nanozyme: A Versatile Oxidation Cycle Accelerator for Alleviating Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301691. [PMID: 37677811 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one leading inner cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin (DDP). Therefore, inhibiting oxidative stress is an important strategy to prevent the occurrence of DDP-induced AKI. Herein, a pH-selective "oxidative cycle accelerator" based on black phosphorus/ceria catalytic tunable nanozymes (BP@CeO2 -PEG) to effectively and persistently scavenge ROS for alleviating DDP-induced AKI is demonstrated. The BP@CeO2 -PEG nanozymes show pH-dependent multi-enzymatic activities, which are beneficial for selectively scavenging the excess ROS in renal tissues. In the neutral environment of kidneys, BP@CeO2 -PEG nanozymes can accelerate its catalytic "oxidative cycle" by increasing the ratio of Ce3+ /Ce4+ and improving the regeneration of ATP, effectively removing DDP-induced ROS. In addition, BP@CeO2 -PEG nanozymes can suppress the oxidative stress-triggered renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, in the acidic environment of cancers, the presence of H+ inhibits the conversion of Ce4+ to Ce3+ , which in turn disrupts the oxidative cycle, resulting in the loss of ROS scavenging ability and ensuring the antitumor effect of DDP. Conclusively, the nanozymes offer an excellent antioxidant for alleviating cisplatin-induced AKI and extensive use in other ROS-based injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Biao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koren SA, Ahmed Selim N, De la Rosa L, Horn J, Farooqi MA, Wei AY, Müller-Eigner A, Emerson J, Johnson GVW, Wojtovich AP. All-optical spatiotemporal mapping of ROS dynamics across mitochondrial microdomains in situ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6036. [PMID: 37758713 PMCID: PMC10533892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions as a second messenger to signal metabolic distress through highly compartmentalized production in mitochondria. The dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and diffusion between mitochondrial compartments and into the cytosol govern oxidative stress responses and pathology, though these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we couple the H2O2 biosensor, HyPer7, with optogenetic stimulation of the ROS-generating protein KillerRed targeted into multiple mitochondrial microdomains. Single mitochondrial photogeneration of H2O2 demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of ROS diffusion and transient hyperfusion of mitochondria due to ROS. This transient hyperfusion phenotype required mitochondrial fusion but not fission machinery. Measurement of microdomain-specific H2O2 diffusion kinetics reveals directionally selective diffusion through mitochondrial microdomains. All-optical generation and detection of physiologically-relevant concentrations of H2O2 between mitochondrial compartments provide a map of mitochondrial H2O2 diffusion dynamics in situ as a framework to understand the role of ROS in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shon A Koren
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Nada Ahmed Selim
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Lizbeth De la Rosa
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Jacob Horn
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - M Arsalan Farooqi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Alicia Y Wei
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Annika Müller-Eigner
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, 18196, Germany
| | - Jacen Emerson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 575 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, Box 711/604, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ježek P. Pitfalls of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1696. [PMID: 37759999 PMCID: PMC10525995 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling from mitochondria (mt) to the cytosol and plasma membrane (PM) has been scarcely reported, such as in the case of hypoxic cell adaptation or (2-oxo-) 2-keto-isocaproate (KIC) β-like-oxidation stimulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Mutual redox state influence between mitochondrial major compartments, the matrix and the intracristal space, and the cytosol is therefore derived theoretically in this article to predict possible conditions, when mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may occur, as well as conditions in which the cytosolic redox signaling is not overwhelmed by the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity. Possible peroxiredoxin 3 participation in mt-to-cytosol redox signaling is discussed, as well as another specific case, whereby mitochondrial superoxide release is diminished, whereas the matrix MnSOD is activated. As a result, the enhanced conversion to H2O2 allows H2O2 diffusion into the cytosol, where it could be a predominant component of the H2O2 release. In both of these ways, mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may be realized. Finally, the use of redox-sensitive probes is discussed, which disturb redox equilibria, and hence add a surplus redox-buffering to the compartment, where they are localized. Specifically, when attempts to quantify net H2O2 fluxes are to be made, this should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No. 75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruno S, Lamberty A, McCoy M, Mark Z, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Butnor K, Poynter ME, Anathy V, Cunniff B. Deletion of Miro1 in airway club cells potentiates allergic asthma phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1187945. [PMID: 37377691 PMCID: PMC10291198 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1187945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles necessary for numerous cellular signaling and regulatory processes. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, trafficked and anchored to subcellular sites depending upon the cellular and tissue requirements. Precise localization of mitochondria to apical and basolateral membranes in lung epithelial cells is important for key mitochondrial processes. Miro1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase that associates with adapter proteins and microtubule motors to promote intracellular movement of mitochondria. We show that deletion of Miro1 in lung epithelial cells leads to perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. However, the role of Miro1 in epithelial cell response to allergic insults remains unknown. We generated a conditional mouse model to delete Miro1 in Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP) positive lung epithelial cells to examine the potential roles of Miro1 and mitochondrial trafficking in the lung epithelial response to the allergen, house dust mite (HDM). Our data show that Miro1 suppresses epithelial induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response to allergen, as Miro1 deletion modestly induces increases in pro-inflammatory signaling, specifically IL-6, IL-33, CCL20 and eotaxin levels, tissue reorganization, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, loss of Miro1 in CCSP+ lung epithelial cells blocks resolution of the asthmatic insult. This study further demonstrates the important contribution of mitochondrial dynamic processes to the airway epithelial allergen response and the pathophysiology of allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Amelia Lamberty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Zoe Mark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Xu B, Li X, Li Y, Qiu S, Chen K, Liu Z, Ding Y, Wang H, Xu J, Wang H. Mitofusin 2 confers the suppression of microglial activation by cannabidiol: Insights from in vitro and in vivo models. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:155-170. [PMID: 35688339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing attention on the regulatory effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on the inflammatory response and the immune system. However, the mechanisms have not yet been completely revealed. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a mitochondrial fusion protein involved in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated whether Mfn2 confers the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. We found that treatment with CBD decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged microglia. CBD also significantly suppressed the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential in BV-2 cells subjected to LPS. Interestingly, CBD treatment increased the expression of Mfn2, while knockdown of Mfn2 blocked the effect of CBD. By contrast, overexpression of Mfn2 reversed the increase in the levels of iNOS, COX-2, and Iba1 induced by Mfn2 small interfering RNA. In mice challenged with LPS, we found that CBD ameliorated the anxiety responses and cognitive deficits, increased the level of Mfn2, and decreased the expression of Iba1. Since neuro-inflammation and microglial activation are the common events that are observed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, we treated EAE mice with CBD. Mice that received CBD showed amelioration of clinical signs, reduced inflammatory response, and increased myelin basic protein level. Most importantly, the adeno-associated virus delivery of short hairpin RNA against Mfn2 reversed the protective effects of CBD. Altogether, these results indicate that Mfn2 is an essential immunomodulator conferring the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. Our results also shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CBD against inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingtian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuqin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kechun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Greater Bay Area, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Greater Bay Area, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nahacka Z, Novak J, Zobalova R, Neuzil J. Miro proteins and their role in mitochondrial transfer in cancer and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937753. [PMID: 35959487 PMCID: PMC9358137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles essential for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Although their main cellular function, generation of energy in the form of ATP is dispensable for cancer cells, their capability to drive their adaptation to stress originating from tumor microenvironment makes them a plausible therapeutic target. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells with damaged oxidative phosphorylation import healthy (functional) mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells to drive pyrimidine synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has been shown that energetically competent mitochondria are fundamental for tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The spatial positioning and transport of mitochondria involves Miro proteins from a subfamily of small GTPases, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane. Miro proteins are involved in the structure of the MICOS complex, connecting outer and inner-mitochondrial membrane; in mitochondria-ER communication; Ca2+ metabolism; and in the recycling of damaged organelles via mitophagy. The most important role of Miro is regulation of mitochondrial movement and distribution within (and between) cells, acting as an adaptor linking organelles to cytoskeleton-associated motor proteins. In this review, we discuss the function of Miro proteins in various modes of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, emphasizing the structure and dynamics of tunneling nanotubes, the most common transfer modality. We summarize the evidence for and propose possible roles of Miro proteins in nanotube-mediated transfer as well as in cancer cell migration and metastasis, both processes being tightly connected to cytoskeleton-driven mitochondrial movement and positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| | - Jaromir Novak
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shannon N, Gravelle R, Cunniff B. Mitochondrial trafficking and redox/phosphorylation signaling supporting cell migration phenotypes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925755. [PMID: 35936783 PMCID: PMC9355248 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling cascades is critical in making sure the response is activated spatially and for a desired duration. Cell signaling cascades are spatially and temporally controlled through local protein phosphorylation events which are determined by the activation of specific kinases and/or inactivation of phosphatases to elicit a complete and thorough response. For example, A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contribute to the local regulated activity protein kinase A (PKA). The activity of kinases and phosphatases can also be regulated through redox-dependent cysteine modifications that mediate the activity of these proteins. A primary example of this is the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) phosphatase by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the local redox environment must play a critical role in the timing and magnitude of these events. Mitochondria are a primary source of ROS and energy (ATP) that contributes to redox-dependent signaling and ATP-dependent phosphorylation events, respectively. The strategic positioning of mitochondria within cells contributes to intracellular gradients of ROS and ATP, which have been shown to correlate with changes to protein redox and phosphorylation status driving downstream cellular processes. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between subcellular mitochondrial positioning and intracellular ROS and ATP gradients that support dynamic oxidation and phosphorylation signaling and resulting cellular effects, specifically associated with cell migration signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Randi Gravelle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Cunniff,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sies H, Belousov VV, Chandel NS, Davies MJ, Jones DP, Mann GE, Murphy MP, Yamamoto M, Winterbourn C. Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:499-515. [PMID: 35190722 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is a generic term that defines a wide variety of oxidant molecules with vastly different properties and biological functions that range from signalling to causing cell damage. Consequently, the description of oxidants needs to be chemically precise to translate research on their biological effects into therapeutic benefit in redox medicine. This Expert Recommendation article pinpoints key issues associated with identifying the physiological roles of oxidants, focusing on H2O2 and O2.-. The generic term ROS should not be used to describe specific molecular agents. We also advocate for greater precision in measurement of H2O2, O2.- and other oxidants, along with more specific identification of their signalling targets. Future work should also consider inter-organellar communication and the interactions of redox-sensitive signalling targets within organs and whole organisms, including the contribution of environmental exposures. To achieve these goals, development of tools that enable site-specific and real-time detection and quantification of individual oxidants in cells and model organisms are needed. We also stress that physiological O2 levels should be maintained in cell culture to better mimic in vivo redox reactions associated with specific cell types. Use of precise definitions and analytical tools will help harmonize research among the many scientific disciplines working on the common goal of understanding redox biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Christine Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morin M, Moindjie H, Nahmias C. Le transport mitochondrial. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:585-593. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La reprogrammation métabolique est l’un des marqueurs de la carcinogenèse. Au cœur de cette reprogrammation se trouvent les mitochondries qui produisent l’énergie sous forme de molécules d’ATP. La régulation spatio-temporelle de la production d’ATP, indispensable pour fournir l’énergie au bon endroit et au bon moment, est assurée par le transport intracellulaire des mitochondries. Les complexes Miro/TRAK présents à la surface des mitochondries se lient aux protéines motrices de la cellule (dynéine, kinésine, myosine) pour transporter les mitochondries le long du cytosquelette. Ces acteurs du transport mitochondrial sont souvent dérégulés dans le cancer. Nous présentons dans cette revue les mécanismes par lesquels le transport mitochondrial contribue à la migration, à la division cellulaire et à la réponse au stress des cellules cancéreuses. Décrypter ces mécanismes pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques en oncologie.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Steady-State Levels of Miro1 Linked to Phosphorylation at Serine 156 and Mitochondrial Respiration in Dopaminergic Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081269. [PMID: 35455950 PMCID: PMC9032684 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Miro1 has emerged as an interesting target to study Parkinson’s disease-relevant pathways since it is a target of PINK1 and Parkin. Miro1 is a mitochondrial GTPase with the primary function of facilitating mitochondrial movement, and its knockout in mice is postnatally lethal. Here, we investigated the effect of the artificial RHOT1/Miro1 S156A mutation since it is a putative PINK1 phosphorylation site shown to be involved in Miro1 degradation and mitochondrial arrest during mitophagy. We gene-edited a homozygous phospho-null Miro1 S156A mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells to study the mutation in human dopaminergic neurons. This mutation causes a significant depletion of Miro1 steady-state protein levels and impairs further Miro1 degradation upon CCCP-induced mitophagy. However, mitochondrial mass measured by Tom20 protein levels, as well as mitochondrial area, are not affected in Miro1 S156A neurons. The mitochondria are slightly lengthened, which is in line with their increased turnover. Under basal conditions, we found no discernable effect of the mutation on mitochondrial movement in neurites. Interestingly, the S156A mutation leads to a significant reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, which is accompanied by a depletion of OXPHOS complexes III and V. These effects are not mirrored by Miro1 knockdown in neuroblastoma cells, but they are observed upon differentiation. Undifferentiated Miro1 S156A neural precursor cells do not have decreased Miro1 levels nor OXPHOS complexes, suggesting that the effect of the mutation is tied to development. In mature dopaminergic neurons, the inhibition of Miro1 Ser156 phosphorylation elicits a mild loss of mitochondrial quality involving reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which is sufficient to induce compensatory events involving OXPHOS. We suggest that the mechanism governing Miro1 steady-state levels depends on differentiation state and metabolic demand, thus underscoring the importance of this pathway in the pathobiology of Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Air Plasma-Activated Medium Evokes a Death-Associated Perinuclear Mitochondrial Clustering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031124. [PMID: 35163042 PMCID: PMC8835529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS) and oral cancer (OC) are highly refractory, recurrent, and metastatic once developed, and their prognosis is still disappointing. Tumor-targeted therapy, which eliminates cancers effectively and safely, is the current clinical choice. Since aggressive tumors are substantially resistant to multidisciplinary therapies that target apoptosis, tumor-specific activation of another cell death modality is a promising avenue for meeting this goal. Here, we report that a cold atmospheric air plasma-activated medium (APAM) can kill OS and OC by causing a unique mitochondrial clustering. This event was named monopolar perinuclear mitochondrial clustering (MPMC) based on its characteristic unipolar mitochondrial perinuclear accumulation. The APAM caused apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. The APAM increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and cell death, and the antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented them. MPMC occurred following mitochondrial fragmentation, which coincided with nuclear damages. MPMC was accompanied by mitochondrial lipid peroxide (mLPO) accumulation and prevented by NAC, Ferrostatin-1, and Nocodazole. In contrast, the APAM induced minimal cell death, mROS generation, mLPO accumulation, and MPMC in fibroblasts. These results suggest that MPMC occurs in a tumor-specific manner via mitochondrial oxidative stress and microtubule-driven mitochondrial motility. MPMC induction might serve as a promising target for exerting tumor-specific cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Boulton DP, Caino MC. Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in Tumor Progression to Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849962. [PMID: 35356277 PMCID: PMC8959575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which can change their shape, via processes termed fission and fusion, in order to adapt to different environmental and developmental contexts. Due to the importance of these processes in maintaining a physiologically healthy pool of mitochondria, aberrant cycles of fission/fusion are often seen in pathological contexts. In this review we will discuss how dysregulated fission and fusion promote tumor progression. We focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in fission and fusion, discussing how altered mitochondrial fission and fusion change tumor cell growth, metabolism, motility, and invasion and, finally how changes to these tumor-cell intrinsic phenotypes directly and indirectly impact tumor progression to metastasis. Although this is an emerging field of investigation, the current consensus is that mitochondrial fission positively influences metastatic potential in a broad variety of tumor types. As mitochondria are now being investigated as vulnerable targets in a variety of cancer types, we underscore the importance of their dynamic nature in potentiating tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P Boulton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Epithelial Ablation of Miro1/Rhot1 GTPase Augments Lung Inflammation by Cigarette Smoke. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:501-512. [PMID: 35366248 PMCID: PMC8830451 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is sustained by Miro1 (Rhot1), a calcium-binding membrane-anchored GTPase during mitophagy. The exact mechanism that operates the interaction of Miro1 with mitophagy machinery and their role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction that often results in lung inflammation is unclear. We hypothesized that Miro1 plays an important role in regulating mitophagy machinery and the resulting lung inflammation by CS exposure to mice. The lung epithelial Rhot1fl/fl (WT) and Rhot1CreCC10 mice were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days (acute) and 4 months (chronic). Acute CS exposure showed a notable increase in the total inflammatory cells, macrophages, and neutrophils that are associated with inflammatory mediators. Chronic exposure showed increased infiltration of neutrophils versus air controls. The effects of acute and chronic CS exposure were augmented in the Rhot1CreCC10 group, indicating that epithelial Miro1 ablation led to the augmentation of inflammatory cell infiltration with alteration in the inflammatory mediators. Thus, Rhot1/Miro1 plays an important role in regulating CS-induced lung inflammatory responses with implications in mitochondrial quality control.
Collapse
|