1
|
Rezvani M, Sabouri M, Aminmansour B, Falahpour S, Sourani A, Sharafi M, Baradaran Mahdavi S, Foroughi M, Nik Khah R, Sourani A, Veisi S. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:612-619. [PMID: 38222759 PMCID: PMC10783308 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccination side effects are rare but important medical situations. Spine-affecting side effects are amongst the rarest, but exceedingly important. Haemorrhagic spinal manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines are less reported with little knowledge about them. Case presentation An 80-year-old male who received his first shot of the COVID-19 vaccine had developed COVID-19 pneumonia, weakness, and sensory problems in his legs followed by sphincter incontinence within 5 days period. MRI showed a spontaneous epidural spinal epidural haematoma (SSEDH) in T10-L1. He underwent laminectomy and haematoma evacuation. One month follow-up showed no clinical improvement. Discussion To our knowledge, this was the first post-vaccination SSEDH and second in haemorrhagic spinal complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Considering the neuropathogenesis pathway of COVID-19 and its vaccines, there are common mechanisms of action that could potentially justify post-vaccination SSEDH such as seen in COVID-19 infection, itself. Early Neurosurgical intervention and better preoperative neurological status could be a beneficial modifier for favourable clinical outcomes. Conclusion SSEDH and COVID-19 vaccine coincidence is a rare clinical event, still no solid association could be scientifically explained. Further studies are required for a reliable pathophysiologic association. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary medical approach, and faster intervention are the cornerstone of the treatment paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arman Sourani
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine
- Environment Research Center
| | | | - Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease
| | - Mina Foroughi
- Isfahan Medical Students’ Research Committee (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roham Nik Khah
- Isfahan Medical Students’ Research Committee (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Armin Sourani
- Isfahan Medical Students’ Research Committee (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaahin Veisi
- Isfahan Medical Students’ Research Committee (IMSRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brnic S, Buric B, Marcec R, Likic R. The relationship between vaccine acceptance and COVID-19 mortality in Europe: A Cross-Country analysis of public opinion and Epidemiological data. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100391. [PMID: 37772201 PMCID: PMC10522863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than two years after SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has become one of the most severe pandemics in modern human history. Prior to the widespread availability of specific vaccines in 2021, public opinion surveys indicated significant vaccine hesitancy in 26 European countries. Materials and methods Epidemiological data on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality for 26 European countries were collected in November 2021 and compared with the proportions of people willing to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine according to public opinion surveys analysed in 2020. Correlations between various variables were calculated using the Pearson correlation test and visualized with the R programming language. Results Paired Student's t-test revealed no significant differences between survey results and actual vaccination rates (p = 0.9546), suggesting that the polls were good predictors. The percentage of people willing to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was significantly positively correlated with actual vaccination rates (R = 0.72, p = 0.00003) and significantly negatively correlated with the number of cumulative deaths per million people (R = -0.78, p = 0.0000024). However, there was no significant correlation with the number of cumulative cases per million people (R = -0.27, p = 0.18). These findings indicate that vaccines used in Europe were particularly effective at preventing severe COVID-19 and disease-related deaths, but did not necessarily provide strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. Conclusion Encouraging widespread immunization through vaccination was crucial for rapidly improving the epidemiological situation in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Brnic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Buric
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Marcec
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Likic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Unit for Clinical Pharmacology, Kišpatićeva ul. 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta SL, Goswami S, Anand A, Naman N, Kumari P, Sharma P, Jaiswal RK. An assessment of the strategy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in India. Immunol Res 2023; 71:565-577. [PMID: 37041424 PMCID: PMC10089693 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease continues to cause devastation for almost 3 years of its identification. India is one of the leading countries to set clinical trials, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccination. Recent COVID-19 vaccine tracker record suggests that 12 vaccines are approved in India, including protein subunit, RNA/DNA, non-replicating viral vector, and inactivated vaccine. Along with that 16 more vaccines are undergoing clinical trials to counter COVID-19. The availability of different vaccines gives alternate and broad perspectives to fight against viral immune resistance and, thus, viruses escaping the immune system by mutations. Using the recently published literature on the Indian vaccine and clinical trial sites, we have reviewed the development, clinical evaluation, and registration of vaccines trial used in India against COVID-19. Moreover, we have also summarized the status of all approved vaccines in India, their associated registered clinical trials, manufacturing, efficacy, and their related safety and immunogenicity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Surbhi Goswami
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ananya Anand
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Namrata Naman
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Bihar, India
| | - Rishi K. Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akrami M, Hosamirudsari H, Faraji N, Behnush B, Goudarzi F, Hesari E, Akbarpour S, Najafi A, Nateghi S. Sputnik V vaccine-related complications and its impression on inflammatory biomarkers in healthcare providers. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 43:79-84. [PMID: 36357266 PMCID: PMC9638950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current pandemic made scientists create new platforms of vaccines to fight against SARS-CoV-2. Without a doubt, the new forms of present vaccines could develop a diversity of unknown complications. Sputnik V vaccine with two different adenovirus vectors (Ad26 priming and Ad5 boost) was first announced safe and effective by Russia. However, there are controversies surrounding this vaccine such as the possible decline of its immunogenicity and diminished neutralizing capacity against some Covid-19 variants. In addition, its impression on serum biomarkers is not clearly surveyed. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Sputnik V vaccine-related complications and its impression on inflammatory and hematologic biomarkers. MATERIALS &METHODS An observational cohort study was performed to evaluate the side effects and serum biomarkers changes in healthcare workers receiving Sputnik V vaccine. The vaccine adverse events were recorded daily within 60 days. The blood samples were obtained before vaccination, and on the10th day after each dose of vaccination. The prevalence of all complications and inflammatory biomarkers levels were compared between two doses. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22.0. RESULTS Totally, 126 participants completed the study. The mean age was 37.19 ± 7.73 years. The prevalence of all complications was higher following the first dose than the second dose. The most common side effects were pain at the injection site, body pain, fever, headache, weakness, vertigo, sore throat and sleep disorder. The hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells and neutrophils count declined following vaccination significantly (P-value; 0.04, 0.039, 0.000 respectively). CONCLUSION It seems the side effects of Sputnik-V vaccine are mild and decrease significantly after the second dose. The decreasing level of hematocrit, MCV and neutrophil count was found significant following vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Akrami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Hosamirudsari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Faraji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Behnush
- Department of Forensic Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Goudarzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Hesari
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezu Najafi
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nateghi
- Department of Cardiology, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030682. [PMID: 36992266 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently approaching three years since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive disruptions in everyday life, public health, and the global economy. Thus far, the vaccine has worked better than expected against the virus. During the pandemic, we experienced several things, such as the virus and its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments; emerging variants; different vaccines; and the vaccine development processes. This review describes how each vaccine has been developed and approved with the help of modern technology. We also discuss critical milestones during the vaccine development process. Several lessons were learned from different countries during the two years of vaccine research, development, clinical trials, and vaccination. The lessons learned during the vaccine development process will help to fight the next pandemic.
Collapse
|
6
|
Miao G, Chen Z, Cao H, Wu W, Chu X, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhu H, Cai H, Lu X, Shi J, Liu Y, Feng T. From Immunogen to COVID-19 vaccines: Prospects for the post-pandemic era. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114208. [PMID: 36800265 PMCID: PMC9805901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people and posed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems and economies worldwide since the outbreak of the COVID-19. A considerable number of nations have investigated COVID-19 and proposed a series of prevention and treatment strategies thus far. The pandemic prevention strategies implemented in China have suggested that the spread of COVID-19 can be effectively reduced by restricting large-scale gathering, developing community-scale nucleic acid testing, and conducting epidemiological investigations, whereas sporadic cases have always been identified in numerous places. Currently, there is still no decisive therapy for COVID-19 or related complications. The development of COVID-19 vaccines has raised the hope for mitigating this pandemic based on the intercross immunity induced by COVID-19. Thus far, several types of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and released to into financial markets. From the perspective of vaccine use in globe, COVID-19 vaccines are beneficial to mitigate the pandemic, whereas the relative adverse events have been reported progressively. This is a review about the development, challenges and prospects of COVID-19 vaccines, and it can provide more insights into all aspects of the vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hengsong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital &The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Canglang Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China.
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Molecular and Celluar Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
COVID-19 Vaccination and Alcohol Consumption: Justification of Risks. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020163. [PMID: 36839435 PMCID: PMC9967163 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been actively working to develop vaccines, and the mass roll-out of vaccinations against COVID-19 began in January 2021. At the same time, during lockdowns, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increased. During the peak of vaccination, consumption remained at high levels around the world, despite the gradual relaxation of quarantine restrictions. Two of the popular queries on search engines were whether it is safe to drink alcohol after vaccination and whether this will affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Over the past two years, many studies have been published suggesting that excessive drinking not only worsens the course of an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus but can also exacerbate post-COVID-19 syndrome. Despite all sorts of online speculation, there is no specific scientific data on alcohol-induced complications after vaccination in the literature. Most of the published vaccine clinical trials do not include groups of patients with a history of alcohol-use disorders. This review analyzed the well-known and new mechanisms of action of COVID-19 vaccines on the immune system and the effects of alcohol and its metabolites on these mechanisms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagy H, Hameed M, Khan F, Co EL, Rauf U. COVID-19 Ramifications: A Scientific Approach to Bridge the Existing Gap between COVID Vaccines Hesitancy and Effectiveness. Avicenna J Med 2023; 13:15-22. [PMID: 36969353 PMCID: PMC10038754 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a major dilemma all over the world since December 2019. Several types of COVID-19 vaccines were developed for public utilization to halt the widespread of the disease; however, vaccine hesitancy is one major factor that prevents a successful control of this pandemic. This study aimed to summarize the different kinds of available COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness, and to assess the associated factors regarding vaccine hesitancy of the general population to bridge the gap existing between the two factors.1
3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nagy
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Maha Hameed
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Faryal Khan
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Edzel Lorraine Co
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Unaiza Rauf
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verma R, Chhabra A, Gupta A. A statistical analysis of tweets on covid-19 vaccine hesitancy utilizing opinion mining: an Indian perspective. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 36591558 PMCID: PMC9793353 DOI: 10.1007/s13278-022-01015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The world witnessed the emergence of a deadly virus in December 2019, later named COVID-19. The virus was found to be highly contagious, and so people across the world were highly prone to be affected by the virus. Being a virus-borne disease, developing a vaccine was one of the most promising remedies. Thus, research organizations across the globe started working on developing the vaccine. However, it was later found by many researchers that a large number of people were hesitant to receive the vaccine. This paper aims to study the acceptance and hesitancy levels of people in India and compares them with the acceptance and hesitancy levels of people from the UK, the USA, and the rest of the world by analyzing their tweets on Twitter. For this study, 2,98,452 tweets were fetched from January 2020 to March 2022 from Twitter, and 1,84,720 tweets from 1,22,960 unique users were selected based on their country of origin. Machine learning based Sentiment analysis is then used to evaluate and analyze the tweets. The paper also proposes an NLP-based algorithm to perform opinion mining on Twitter data. The study found the public sentiment of the Indian population to be 63% positive, 28% neutral, and 9% negative. While the worldwide sentiment distribution is 45% positive, 34% neutral, and 21% negative, the USA has 42% positive, 34% neutral, and 23% negative and the UK has 50% positive, 29% neutral, and 21% negative. Also, sentiment analysis for individual vaccines in Indian context resulted in "Covaxin" with the highest positive sentiment at 43% followed by "Covishield" at 36%. The outcome of this work yields an insight into the public perception of the COVID-19 vaccine and thus can be used to formulate policies for existing and future vaccine campaigns. This study becomes more relevant as it is the consolidated opinion of Indian people, which is versatile in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (Degree Wing), Sector 26, Chandigarh, Chandigarh 160019 India
| | - Amit Chhabra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (Degree Wing), Sector 26, Chandigarh, Chandigarh 160019 India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology (Degree Wing), Sector 26, Chandigarh, Chandigarh 160019 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AlHamaidah MA, Noureldin N, Yehia A, Alani I, Al-Qussain A, Abdou O, Ashames A, Kharaba Z. Efficacy and Short-Term Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study on Vaccinated People in the UAE. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122157. [PMID: 36560566 PMCID: PMC9786180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of COVID-19 has been a major challenge to public health and the world economy. During a wave of COVID-19, the usage of widespread vaccination procedures and broader coverage to the whole of humanity will be made possible if the general population has access. An intended effect of vaccination is to provide "herd immunity," which protects those who have not been vaccinated along with those who have been. However, some concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines were raised. AIM This study aims to provide evidence on the short-term safety and efficacy of four types of vaccines that are officially approved by the Ministry of Health in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These include Sinopharm, Sputnik V, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca. METHOD This study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design. Data on the efficacy and short-term protection of COVID-19 vaccines on vaccinated citizens and residents (n = 764) of the UAE were collected between February and April 2021. Participants were conveniently approached using a Google Forms survey, where they responded to a semi-structured questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic questions and in-depth questions related to COVID-19, including whether they suffer from any comorbidities, the most commonly encountered post-vaccination side effects, and the severity of their symptoms, using a 5-point Likert scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 24, calculations of p-values and descriptive statistics were used for data differentiation. RESULTS The majority of the participants (n = 612 or 94.4%) stated that they did not become reinfected after receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the incidence of being hospitalized after vaccination was negligible. In terms of adverse effects, the most common individually reported side effects, regardless of the vaccination type, included "pain at the site of injection", followed by "general fatigue", then "lethargy". Moreover, most of these side effects occurred after the second dose of the vaccine, irrespective of the type of vaccine. Females were found to be more susceptible to the adversities of COVID-19 vaccination. The occurrence of side effects was not found to be related to the nationality/ethnicity of the vaccine recipient. Furthermore, none of the vaccines affected sleep pattern, since a significant number of respondents reported a regular sleep pattern after being vaccinated. The majority respondents who received two doses of vaccination (n = 585 or 76.6%) reported that they did not become infected post vaccination, regardless the type of vaccine received, whereas only (n = 11 or 1.9%) were reinfected with COVID-19 after 2-4 weeks. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that vaccines can offer short-term protection against COVID-19 reinfection. Moreover, both the first- and second-vaccination side effects were described as very mild to moderate, which indicates tolerability. These data may strengthen the public confidence in receiving vaccinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ameen AlHamaidah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Noureldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adham Yehia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelaziz Al-Qussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Osama Abdou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akram Ashames
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 340, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Zelal Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Type NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Litewka SG, Moreno JD. Is Russia's Research Ethics Culture Reliable? Ethics Hum Res 2022; 44:39-42. [PMID: 36098232 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to the imposition of economic sanctions intended to isolate Russia from much of global commerce, which implicitly includes the medical research enterprise. The prospect of ongoing isolation of Russia's substantial research enterprise raises issues related to but distinct from the more familiar problem of corruption. In this paper, we identify reasons that the culture of research ethics in Russia may have been weak even before the war, contributing to hard questions about its future role in the global clinical research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Litewka
- Associate professor of surgery and the international director of the Miller School of Medicine Institute for Bioethics at the University of Miami
| | - Jonathan D Moreno
- David and Lyn Silfen University Professor at the University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Helmy SA, El-Morsi RM, Helmy SAM, El-Masry SM. Towards novel nano-based vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern: Advances, challenges and limitations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103762. [PMID: 36097606 PMCID: PMC9452404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective tool available for fighting the spread of COVID-19. Recently, emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 have led to growing concerns about increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. Currently, many vaccines are approved for emergency use and more are under development. This review highlights the ongoing advances in the design and development of different nano-based vaccine platforms. The challenges, limitations, and ethical consideration imposed by these nanocarriers are also discussed. Further, the effectiveness of the leading vaccine candidates against all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are highlighted. The review also focuses on the possibility of using an alternative non-invasive routes of vaccine administration using micro and nanotechnologies to enhance vaccination compliance and coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Helmy
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Morsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Soha A M Helmy
- Department of Languages and Translation, College of Arts and Humanities, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Soha M El-Masry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khoshnood S, Ghanavati R, Shirani M, Ghahramanpour H, Sholeh M, Shariati A, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. Viral vector and nucleic acid vaccines against COVID-19: A narrative review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984536. [PMID: 36118203 PMCID: PMC9470835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After about 2 years since the first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 that resulted in a worldwide pandemic, 6.2 million deaths have been recorded. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endeavors for the production of effective vaccines inexhaustibly are continuing. At present according to the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, 153 vaccine candidates are developing in the clinical phase all over the world. Some new and exciting platforms are nucleic acid-based vaccines such as Pfizer Biontech and Moderna vaccines consisting of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a viral spike protein in host cells. Another novel vaccine platform is viral vector vaccine candidates that could be replicating or nonreplicating. These types of vaccines that have a harmless viral vector like adenovirus contain a genome encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which induces significant immune responses. This technology of vaccine manufacturing has previously been used in many human clinical trials conducted for adenoviral vector-based vaccines against different infectious agents, including Ebola virus, Zika virus, HIV, and malaria. In this paper, we have a review of nucleic acid-based vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials and discuss their efficiency and adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Heidary,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nassar RI, Alnatour D, Thiab S, Nassar A, El-Hajji F, Basheti IA. Short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines: A cross-sectional study in Jordan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2082792. [PMID: 35759219 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2082792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid manufacturing of vaccines has increased hesitancy toward receiving the COVID-19 vaccines. Clarifying what to expect after vaccination and revealing the possible side effects will lower hesitancy toward receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and increase public awareness. This descriptive cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jordan (August 2021) to collect data on the short-term side effects following the COVID-19 vaccines. An extensive literature review was conducted by the research team to assist in developing the first draft of the survey. The survey was tested for face and content validity and piloted test to improve readability and clarity. The survey was organized into two sections (demographics and perceived COVID-19 vaccines' side effects). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). A total of 1,044 participants were enrolled in the study. The most received vaccine among the participants was Pfizer-BioNTech (51.1%). The most frequently reported side effects were sore arm at the injection site (84.65%), fatigue (84.48%), discomfort (65.43%), muscles/joint pain (61.38%), drowsiness (58.73%), and headache (58.38%). More side effects were significantly associated with being older (p = 0.046), having an allergy (p = 0.024) or rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.023), and participants who take NSAIDs regularly (p = 0.029). Short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines seem to be mostly local or transient in nature. Older age and certain comorbidities may increase susceptibility to side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan I Nassar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dalal Alnatour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayman Nassar
- School of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feras El-Hajji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Iman A Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Sollberg L, Bawolt M, Berens C, Kovačević P, Trudić A, Parcina M, Hoerauf A. Comparison of IgA, IgG, and Neutralizing Antibody Responses Following Immunization With Moderna, BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sputnik-V, Johnson and Johnson, and Sinopharm's COVID-19 Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:917905. [PMID: 35799790 PMCID: PMC9254618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing multinational trial, we obtained blood samples from 365 volunteers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (Moderna, BioNTech), viral DNA-vectored vaccines (AstraZeneca, Sputnik-V, and Johnson and Johnson), or the attenuated virus vaccine from Sinopharm. After collecting reactogenicity data, the expression of S-Protein binding IgG and IgA was analyzed using an automated sandwich ELISA system. Serum neutralizing potentials were then investigated using an ACE-2-RBD neutralizing assay. Moderna's vaccine induced the highest amounts of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies compared to the other groups. In contrast, Sinopharm and Johnson and Johnson's vaccinees presented the lowest SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers. Interestingly, moderate to high negative correlations between age and virus-specific IgG expression were observed in the Johnson and Johnson (ρ =-0.3936) and Sinopharm (ρ =-0.6977) groups according to Spearman's rank correlation analysis. A negative correlation was seen between age and IgA expression in the Sputnik-V group (ρ =-0.3917). The analysis of virus neutralization potentials in age categories demonstrated that no significant neutralization potential was observed in older vaccinees (61and 80 years old) in the Sputnik-V Johnson and Johnson and Sinopharm vaccinees' groups. In contrast, neutralization potentials in sera of Moderna, BioNTech, and AstraZeneca vaccinees were statistically comparable in all age categories. Furthermore, while the AstraZeneca vaccine alone induced moderate IgG and IgA expression, the combination with Moderna or BioNTech mRNA vaccines induced significantly higher antibody levels than a double dose of AstraZeneca and similar IgG expression and neutralization potential compared to Moderna or BioNTech vaccines used alone. These results suggest that mRNA vaccines are the most immunogenic after two doses. DNA vectored vaccines from AstraZeneca and Sputnik-V presented lower but significant antibody expression and virus neutralizing properties after two doses. The lowest antibody and neutralization potential were observed in the Sinopharm or Johnson and Johnson vaccinees. Especially elderly over 60 presented no significant increase in neutralizing antibodies after vaccination. The data also indicate that heterologous vaccination strategies combining the AstraZeneca DNA vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines are more effective in the induction of neutralizing antibodies compared to their homologous counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leander Sollberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Bawolt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Berens
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peđa Kovačević
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anika Trudić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alagheband Bahrami A, Azargoonjahromi A, Sadraei S, Aarabi A, Payandeh Z, Rajabibazl M. An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:38. [PMID: 35562685 PMCID: PMC9100302 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested a great deal of time and money in trying to control and combat the disease. In this regard, due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, the vaccines available for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit (protein-based) vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed to negatively affect the progression of the infection via various actions. However, adaptive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the pathogenic potential of the virus and increase the difficulty of both drug and vaccine development. In this review, along with drugs used in COVID-19 treatment, currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines as well as variants of the virus are described and evaluated, considering all platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samin Sadraei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Aarabi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Atyabi SMH, Rommasi F, Ramezani MH, Ghane Ezabadi MF, Arani MA, Sadeghi MH, Ahmed MM, Rajabi A, Dehghan N, Sohrabi A, Seifi M, Nasiri MJ. Relationship between blood clots and COVID-19 vaccines: A literature review. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:401-415. [PMID: 35582622 PMCID: PMC9055170 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most critical pandemics during human civilization. Several therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 management have been offered; nonetheless, none of them seems to be sufficiently beneficial. In effect, vaccines have been proffered as a viable option. The critical issue now is to concentrate on protecting individuals against illness through immunization. One of the causes for concern among the researchers, physicians, and generally the whole community from the onset of vaccination has been the adverse effects (specifically blood clots) that may be observed after the injection of the COVID-19 vaccine. In some countries, such concerns have even resulted in the temporary or permanent discontinuation or abandonment of the application of some vaccines (especially AstraZeneca and Janssen). By evaluating rigorous studies published on this subject, the present article is aimed at identifying the association between blood clot incidence and COVID-19 vaccination. Various methods for producing the COVID-19 vaccines are analyzed, along with their possible pros and cons as well as common and rare side effects, especially VITT and blood clots. Finally, the differences of various vaccines on thrombotic events, WHO recommendations for VITT treatment, and blood clots statics are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Foad Rommasi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Dehghan
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sohrabi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Seifi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Replicating Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for COVID-19: Potential Avenue in Vaccination Arena. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040759. [PMID: 35458489 PMCID: PMC9025561 DOI: 10.3390/v14040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” is the third member of human coronavirus (CoV) that is held accountable for the current “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” pandemic. In the past two decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of two other similar CoVs, namely SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2013. The extent of spread of these earlier versions was relatively low in comparison to SARS-CoV-2. Despite having numerous reports inclined towards the zoonotic origin of the virus, one cannot simply sideline the fact that no animal originated CoV is thus far identified that is considered similar to the initial edition of SARS-CoV-2; however, under-sampling of the diverse variety of coronaviruses remains a concern. Vaccines are proved to be an effective tool for bringing the end to such a devastating pandemic. Many vaccine platforms are explored for the same but in this review paper, we will discuss the potential of replicating viral vectors as vaccine carriers for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
19
|
Utilization of Viral Vector Vaccines in Preparing for Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030436. [PMID: 35335068 PMCID: PMC8950656 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global response to COVID-19 continues, government stakeholders and private partners must keep an eye on the future for the next emerging viral threat with pandemic potential. Many of the virus families considered to be among these threats currently cause sporadic outbreaks of unpredictable size and timing. This represents a major challenge in terms of both obtaining sufficient funding to develop vaccines, and the ability to evaluate clinical efficacy in the field. However, this also presents an opportunity in which vaccines, along with robust diagnostics and contact tracing, can be utilized to respond to outbreaks as they occur, and limit the potential for further spread of the disease in question. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven, during the COVID-19 response, to be an effective and safe solution in terms of providing a rapid response to vaccine development, virus vector-based vaccines represent a class of vaccines that can offer key advantages in certain performance characteristics with regard to viruses of pandemic potential. Here, we will discuss some of the key pros and cons of viral vector vaccines in the context of preparing for future pandemics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Karattuthodi MS, Chandrasekher D, Panakkal LM, C S, Salman M, E MS, Fasil M, A M M, Reji M. Pharmacist-directed Sputnik V (GAM-COVID-VAC) surveillance program: a prospective observational study in Southern India. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 0:jbcpp-2021-0345. [PMID: 35172420 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study underwent to evaluate the adverse events, the incidence of COVID-19 and the participant's attitude and perception towards the vaccine following Sputnik V administration through an active surveillance program. METHODS The prospective observational study was conducted four months in the Sputnik V vaccination center that enrolled 700 participants. Sociodemographic details, medical histories, COVID-19 incidences and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of each sample were collected through face-to-face interviews and a telephonic feedback system. A self-prepared and validated questionnaire addressed their acceptances and perceptions towards the vaccination drive. RESULTS Our study reported 42.1% of AEFIs after the first dose and 9.1% after the second. Fever, pain at the injection site, body pain, headache and fatigue were predominant, while dizziness and diarrhoea were rare. However, AEFIs were not influenced by the presence of comorbidities (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there were limited post immunization (1.8%) COVID-19 patients and that too with minor severity (p < 0.01). Our participants were overall satisfied with the Sputnik V immunization. However, those presented with AEFIs on the consecutive three days depicted slightly declined gratification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our pharmacist-directed surveillance program on Sputnik V showed fewer events of AEFIs and negligible occurrence of COVID19 following immunization. Moreover, the population had appreciable attitude and positive perceptions towards Sputnik V vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Karattuthodi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Dilip Chandrasekher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Linu Mohan Panakkal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Shinu C
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Mohammed Salman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Muhammad Swabeeh E
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Mohamed Fasil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Mohammad A M
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| | - Monika Reji
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kizhattoor, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramírez C, Choi JN, Durón RM. COVID-19 vaccination policies and the new challenges of international travel. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:230-232. [PMID: 35799878 PMCID: PMC9200655 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Céleo Ramírez
- Observatorio de COVID-19, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Consorcio de Investigadores COVID Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Joon Nak Choi
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Reyna M. Durón
- Observatorio de COVID-19, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Consorcio de Investigadores COVID Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Intracranial Hypertension and Papilledema: An Unusual Complication After the Adenoviral DNA Vector-Based Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in an Air Medical Transportation Pilot. Air Med J 2022; 41:560-565. [PMID: 36494173 PMCID: PMC9350672 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 32-year-old male, Mil Mi-17 (air medical transport) helicopter pilot presented to the emergency department with a headache and visual blurring 12 days after the first dose of the Sputnik V vaccine. He had no past medical history; he successfully passed his last annual medical examination, and his vital signs were in the normal range. The significant findings were decreased visual acuity, papilledema, severe visual field narrowing, and increased nerve fiber layer thickness in both eyes. The aviation medical examiner suspended him from flight duties and referred him for a complete neuro-ophthalmic investigation. The patient underwent a lumbar puncture; his cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 39 cm H2O, and his cerebrospinal fluid biochemical analysis and blood tests were normal. He refused ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and received methylprednisolone with acetazolamide. After 10 days, the patient reported a significant improvement. One month later, his visual acuity and visual field were better, papilledema resolved, and disc pallor appeared. Three months later, he needed no medical treatment; he had normal visual acuity and near-normal visual fields. Based on the aviation medical regulations and the importance of flight safety in air medical transportation operations, he cannot return to flight duties until full neuro-ophthalmic recovery is confirmed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Mishra T, Kamaraj S, Patel AB, Sharma N, Chen ZS. Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1120-1148. [PMID: 36214969 PMCID: PMC9549062 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The idiopathic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached global proportions; the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency during the month of January 30, 2020. The major causes of the rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are genetic mutations and recombination. Some of the variants with high infection and transmission rates are termed as variants of concern (VOCs) like currently Omicron variants. Pregnant women, aged people, and immunosuppressed and compromised patients constitute the most susceptible human population to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially to the new evolving VOCs. To effectively manage the pathological condition of infection, the focus should be directed towards prevention and prophylactic approach. In this narrative review, we aimed to analyze the current scenario of COVID-19 management and discuss the treatment and prevention strategies. We also focused on the complications prevalent during the COVID-19 and post-COVID period and to discuss the novel approaches developed for mitigation of the global pandemic. We have also emphasized on the COVID-19 management approaches for the special population including children, pregnant women, aged groups, and immunocompromised patients. We conclude that the advancements in therapeutic and pharmacological domains have provided opportunities to develop and design novel diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. New advanced techniques such as RT-LAMP, RT-qPCR, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, etc., efficiently diagnose patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the case of treatment options, new drugs like paxlovid, combinations of β-lactum drugs and molnupiravir are found to be effective against even the new emerging variants. In addition, vaccination is an essential approach to prevent the infection or to reduce its severity. Vaccines for against COVID-19 from Comirnaty by Pfizer-BioNTech, SpikeVax by Moderna, and Vaxzevria by Oxford-AstraZeneca are approved and used widely. Similarly, numerous vaccines have been developed with different percentages of effectiveness against VOCs. New developments like nanotechnology and AI can be beneficial in providing an efficient and reliable solution for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Public health concerns can be efficiently treated by a unified scientific approach, public engagement, and better diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- grid.419037.80000 0004 1765 7930Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Toshika Mishra
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sathvika Kamaraj
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aayushi B. Patel
- grid.419037.80000 0004 1765 7930Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research Lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY 11439 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ayatollahi A, Robati RM, Firooz A. Plantar herpes zoster following heterologous recombinant adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:34-35. [PMID: 34757689 PMCID: PMC8662115 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Ayatollahi
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza M Robati
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|