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Aggarwal A, Lim WM, Jaisinghani D, Nobi K. Driving service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior through error management culture. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2147160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Aggarwal
- Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Weng Marc Lim
- Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Faculty of Business, Design and Arts, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | - Kamrunnisha Nobi
- Mata Ganga Khalsa College for Girls, Kottan, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Further Divided Gender Gaps in Research Productivity and Collaboration during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Coronavirus-related Literature. J Informetr 2022; 16:101295. [PMID: 35529705 PMCID: PMC9068670 DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2022.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on publication data on coronavirus-related fields, this study applies a difference in differences approach to explore the evolution of gender inequalities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing the differences in the numbers and shares of authorships, leadership in publications, gender composition of collaboration, and scientific impacts. We find that, during the pandemic: (1) females’ leadership in publications as the first author was negatively affected; (2) although both females and males published more papers relative to the pre-pandemic period, the gender gaps in the share of authorships have been strengthened due to the larger increase in males’ authorships; (3) the share of publications by mixed-gender collaboration declined; (4) papers by teams in which females play a key role were less cited in the pre-pandemic period, and this citation disadvantage was exacerbated during the pandemic; and (5) gender inequalities regarding authorships and collaboration were enhanced in the initial stage of COVID-19, widened with the increasing severity of COVID-19, and returned to the pre-pandemic level in September 2020. This study shows that females’ lower participation in teams as major contributors and less collaboration with their male colleagues also reflect their underrepresentation in science in the pandemic period. This investigation significantly deepens our understanding of how the pandemic influenced academia, based on which science policies and gender policy changes are proposed to mitigate the gender gaps.
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Quispe Mamani JC, Flores Turpo GA, Calcina Álvarez DA, Yapuchura Saico CR, Velásquez Velásquez WL, Aguilar Pinto SL, Quispe Quispe B, Quispe Maquera NB, Cutipa Quilca BE. Gap and Inequality in the Economic Income of Independent Workers in the Region of Puno-Peru and the Effect of the Pandemic, 2019-2020. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:858331. [PMID: 35495574 PMCID: PMC9043954 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.858331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article seeks to determine the social determinants of inequality in economic income in independent workers in the Puno region in the periods 2019 and 2020. METHODS For which the quantitative approach was used, with descriptive and correlational design, considering the multiple regression model. RESULTS It was determined that there is a very significant income gap by educational level due to the productive differential that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected all the households; there is inequality in the economic income of independent workers, since in 2019, there was a greater inequality of economic income among independent workers (Gini = 0.6142) in relation to the national level (Gini = 0.415) and in 2020, the inequality of economic income increased due to COVID-19 problem, where the Gini coefficient amounted to 0.7136 in relation to the national level (Gini = 0.431). CONCLUSION The determining factors of the economic income of the independent worker in the region of Puno in the periods 2019 and 2020 are the age that explains in 5.19 and 1.72%, the level of education that explains in 20.74 and 34.86% and the sex that explains in 37 and 14.19%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Betsy Quispe Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Profesional de Odontología, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Nelly B. Quispe Maquera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Profesional de Odontología, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Balbina E. Cutipa Quilca
- Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Contables, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
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Leap B, Stalp MC, Kelly K. Reorganizations of Gendered Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Suggestions for Further Research. SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022; 93:SOIN12488. [PMID: 35602467 PMCID: PMC9115508 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Across a range of countries, analysts have found that adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic often exacerbated previously existing labor inequalities between men and women in formal employment markets and households. This has been especially true for mothers with children in their households. Drawing on decades of sociological and feminist scholarship on labor, we suggest the following three strategies to strengthen ongoing research concerning pandemic-induced reorganizations of gendered labor. First, ongoing research should expand considerations of gendered labor to account for more types of work and workers. Second, initial findings should be extended through the continued utilization of diverse methodologies to better account for the ambivalent experiences and meanings associated with emergent reorganizations of gendered work during the pandemic. Finally, ongoing research should pursue intersectional analyses of gendered labor that are sensitive to the complex dynamics of place and time. By expanding and strengthening considerations of gendered labor in these manners, ongoing analyses could generate more comprehensive, precise findings that better guide policy interventions meant to address the gendered inequities being sharpened by the pandemic. Foundational theoretical understandings of gendered labor and its associated inequalities could also be extended.
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De Araujo Oliveira SR, Soares Sampaio A, Vasconcelos AL, Cazarin G, Zacarias A, Furtado B, Andrade AC, Paz de Sousa KM, Ridde V. [COVID-19 response capacity implementation in a Brazilian hospital]. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2022; Vol. 33:971-978. [PMID: 35485028 DOI: 10.3917/spub.216.0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After the declaration of a public health emergency of international importance, hospitals have become a benchmark in the response to the pandemic. It is important to assess health professionals' response capacity to the COVID-19 pandemic at a referral hospital in Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. This study deals with qualitative evaluative research, of the case study type. Three methods were used to identify critical events: interviews with 18 healthcare professionals who had worked on the "front line" of care for people with COVID-19; direct observation in the sectors of this hospital; and literature review. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using MaxQDA Analytics pro 2020® software, using the Actor-Network Theory for analysis; and to interpret the critical events the categories of resilience: absorption, adaptation and transformation. It was found that the response capacity of professionals was influenced by five critical events: the arrival of cases, new ways to connect the patients with their social support network, social and personal impact on the daily life of professionals, insufficient supplies, essential equipment and confirmatory tests, and shortage and illness of professionals. In everyday experiences, the response capacity of professionals has led to a process of priority adaptation, which can accelerate important changes in the health system.
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Nowak BM, Miedziarek C, Pełczyński S, Rzymski P. Misinformation, Fears and Adherence to Preventive Measures during the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12266. [PMID: 34832021 PMCID: PMC8618240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The response to the pandemic requires access to accurate information and public understanding and adherence to preventive measures. This online cross-sectional study of adult Poles (n = 1337) assessed the frequency of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and beliefs in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when the nationwide lockdown was imposed (April 2020). As shown, 22% of surveyed admitted not to wash their hands frequently, while 12% did not use disinfectants. These two behaviors were also less frequent in individuals with medical education. The highest levels of pandemic-related fears were associated with health loss in relatives, pandemic-induced economic crisis, and government using a pandemic to control citizens by the state. A significant share of surveyed individuals believed that the pandemic was intentional action to weaken non-Chinese economies (32%) or was deliberately induced for profits from selling vaccines (27%). Men, individuals with no children, and subjects with lower education were significantly less likely to adhere to sanitary measures (handwashing, disinfection, avoiding face touching, changes in greeting etiquette, face-covering when coughing or sneezing), and were less concerned over self and relatives' health. At the same time, men were less prone than women to the conspiracy theories related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate that adherence to sanitary measures during the pandemic can be a challenge also in developed countries, while misinformation campaigns (also concerning vaccines) have already affected the general public during the early phase of the epidemiological outbreak. The study provides observations that may be useful in the management of the public response to future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz M. Nowak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Student Research Group of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Pełczyński
- Student Research Group of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Hossain M. COVID-19 and gender differences in mental health in low- and middle-income countries: Young working women are more vulnerable. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 1:100039. [PMID: 34746897 PMCID: PMC8560183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines gender differences in the relationship between COVID-19-triggered economic hardship and mental health complaints, defined by self-reported anxiety/depression, of young people (17-29) in four low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To do this, we use two waves of the Young Lives (YL) phone survey. Logistic regression results show that young women, on average, were more likely to report anxiety than men in Peru and Vietnam in the first survey wave (June-July 2020). However, this disparity continued to persist in all four countries in the second wave (August-October 2020) as the pandemic prolonged. Notably, we find that young women that faced economic hardship by losing job or income were more likely to report anxiety than their male counterparts. As COVID-19 cases remain consistently high in many LMICs, which limit economic activities, the vulnerability of young women may likely increase. This issue requires urgent policy attention by awareness-raising campaigns, more hotline services for emergency help, social security programs for women, and available women's sexual and reproductive health services at a specific section in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarak Hossain
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1NF, United Kingdom
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Asgharzadeh M, Mahdavipoor B, Asgharzadeh V, Pourostadi M, Kafil HS, Vegari A, Taghinejad Z, Bairamy A, Rashedi J. Why the COVID-19 Is Not Significantly Reduced in Iran? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1303-1310. [PMID: 34568168 PMCID: PMC8426779 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i7.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was transported from China to Iran via passengers. The virus is transmitted through droplets from coughing, sneezing, talking and contact with infected surfaces. Due to high transmissibility in places such as clinics, medical offices, buses and offices where there are large crowds, it spread rapidly in Iran and caused the mortality of a significant number of people, especially the elderly with underlying disease. Preventing travel and gatherings, as well as applying house quarantine in Apr 2020, reduced COVID-19 somewhat but then due to lack of attention to social distancing, reducing the use of masks by the people and inappropriate decisions by the national committee on combating coronavirus (NCCC), including reducing the working hours of public offices and shops, reducing the staff of government offices, monopoly on the distribution of essential materials and supplies, the presence of overcrowding in clinics of medical centers, hospitals, and private clinics caused the decline of the disease in the country to decrease. Measures can be taken to prevent the spread of the virus as much as possible, including: rapid detection of infected people, their isolation, contact tracing, quarantine of people over 65 and under 15, protection of the elderly, prevention of gatherings, forcing the use of protective equipment in possible gatherings, and electronicizing public services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behroz Mahdavipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Asgharzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahya Pourostadi
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Vegari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghinejad
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Rashedi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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