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Ding YC, Adamson AW, Bakhtiari M, Patrick C, Park J, Laitman Y, Weitzel JN, Bafna V, Friedman E, Neuhausen SL. Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) as modifiers of breast cancer risk in carriers of BRCA1 185delAG. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:216-222. [PMID: 36434258 PMCID: PMC9905572 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial efforts in identifying both rare and common variants affecting disease risk, in the majority of diseases, a large proportion of unexplained genetic risk remains. We propose that variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) may explain a proportion of the missing genetic risk. Herein, in a pilot study with a retrospective cohort design, we tested whether VNTRs are causal modifiers of breast cancer risk in 347 female carriers of the BRCA1 185delAG pathogenic variant, an important group given their high risk of developing breast cancer. We performed targeted-capture to sequence VNTRs, called genotypes with adVNTR, tested the association of VNTRs and breast cancer risk using Cox regression models, and estimated the effect size using a retrospective likelihood approach. Of 303 VNTRs that passed quality control checks, 4 VNTRs were significantly associated with risk to develop breast cancer at false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05 and an additional 4 VNTRs had FDR < 0.25. After determining the specific risk alleles, there was a significantly earlier age at diagnosis of breast cancer in carriers of the risk alleles compared to those without the risk alleles for seven of eight VNTRs. One example is a VNTR in exon 2 of LINC01973 with a per-allele hazard ratio of 1.58 (1.07-2.33) and 5.28 (2.79-9.99) for the homozygous risk-allele genotype. Results from this first systematic study of VNTRs demonstrate that VNTRs may explain a proportion of the unexplained genetic risk for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aaron W Adamson
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmina Patrick
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jonghun Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yael Laitman
- Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Latin American School of Oncology, Tuxla Gutierrez, Chiapas, MX and Natera, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Preventive Personalized Medicine, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Zhao Y, Arceneaux L, Culicchia F, Lukiw WJ. Neurofilament Light (NF-L) Chain Protein from a Highly Polymerized Structural Component of the Neuronal Cytoskeleton to a Neurodegenerative Disease Biomarker in the Periphery. HSOA JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S & NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2021; 7:056. [PMID: 34881359 PMCID: PMC8651065 DOI: 10.24966/and-9608/100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are critical scaffolding components of the axoskeleton of healthy neurons interacting directly with multiple synaptic-phosphoproteins to support and coordinate neuronal cell shape, cytoarchitecture, synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. While neuronal presynaptic proteins such as synapsin-2 (SYN II) degrade rapidly via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a considerably more stable neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein turns over much more slowly, and in several neurological diseases is accompanied by a pathological shift from an intracellular neuronal cytoplasmic location into various biofluid compartments. NF-L has been found to be significantly elevated in peripheral biofluids in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, however it is not as widely appreciated that NF-L expression within neurons undergoing inflammatory neurodegeneration exhibit a significant down-regulation in these neuron-specific intermediate-filament components. Down-regulated NF-L in neurons correlates well with the observed axonal and neuronal atrophy, neurite deterioration and synaptic disorganization in tissues affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other progressive, age-related neurological diseases. This Review paper: (i) will briefly assess the remarkably high number of neurological disorders that exhibit NF-L depolymerization, liberation from neuron-specific compartments, mobilization and enrichment into pathological biofluids; (ii) will evaluate how NF-L exhibits compartmentalization effects in age-related neurological disorders; (iii) will review how the shift of NF-L compartmentalization from within the neuronal cytoskeleton into peripheral biofluids may be a diagnostic biomarker for neuronal-decline in all cause dementia most useful in distinguishing between closely related neurological disorders; and (iv) will review emerging evidence that deficits in plasma membrane barrier integrity, pathological transport and/or vesicle-mediated trafficking dysfunction of NF-L may contribute to neuronal decline, with specific reference to AD wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
| | - Lisa Arceneaux
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
| | - Frank Culicchia
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 7011, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans LA 70112, USA
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Longhena F, Faustini G, Brembati V, Pizzi M, Benfenati F, Bellucci A. An updated reappraisal of synapsins: structure, function and role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:33-60. [PMID: 34407457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins (Syns) are phosphoproteins strongly involved in neuronal development and neurotransmitter release. Three distinct genes SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3, with elevated evolutionary conservation, have been described to encode for Synapsin I, Synapsin II and Synapsin III, respectively. Syns display a series of common features, but also exhibit distinctive localization, expression pattern, post-translational modifications (PTM). These characteristics enable their interaction with other synaptic proteins, membranes and cytoskeletal components, which is essential for the proper execution of their multiple functions in neuronal cells. These include the control of synapse formation and growth, neuron maturation and renewal, as well as synaptic vesicle mobilization, docking, fusion, recycling. Perturbations in the balanced expression of Syns, alterations of their PTM, mutations and polymorphisms of their encoding genes induce severe dysregulations in brain networks functions leading to the onset of psychiatric or neurological disorders. This review presents what we have learned since the discovery of Syn I in 1977, providing the state of the art on Syns structure, function, physiology and involvement in central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Longhena
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Viviana Brembati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy; IRCSS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Quintas M, Neto JL, Sequeiros J, Sousa A, Pereira-Monteiro J, Lemos C, Alonso I. Going Deep into Synaptic Vesicle Machinery Genes and Migraine Susceptibility - A Case-Control Association Study. Headache 2020; 60:2152-2165. [PMID: 32979221 DOI: 10.1111/head.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of observations, including among our study population, have implicated variants in the syntaxin-1A, a component of the synaptic vesicles, in migraine susceptibility. Therefore, we hypothesize that variants in other components of the vesicle machinery are involved in migraine. BACKGROUND Migraine is a common and complex neurologic disorder that affects approximately 15-18% of the general population. The exact cause of migraine is unknown; however, genetic studies have made possible substantial progress toward the identification of underlying molecular pathways. Neurotransmitters have been for long considered to have a key role in migraine pathophysiology; so we investigated common variants in genes involved in the synaptic vesicle machinery and their impact in migraine susceptibility. METHODS We performed a case-control study comprising 188 unrelated patients with headache and 286 healthy controls in a population from the north of Portugal. Benefiting from the presence of linkage disequilibrium, we selected and genotyped 119 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 18 genes. RESULTS We found significant associations between single-nucleotide variants and migraine in 7 genes, SYN1, SYN2, SNAP25, VAMP2, STXBP1, STXBP5, and UNC13A, either conferring an increased risk or protection of migraine. Due to SYN1 X-chromosomal location, we performed the statistical analysis separated by gender and, in the female group, the C allele of rs5906435 increased the risk for migraine susceptibility (P = .021; OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.21-2.34). In contrast, the TT genotype of the same variant emerged as a potential protective factor (P = .003; OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27-0.74). The SYN2 analysis supported the rs3773364's G allele (P = .014) as a risk factor for migraine, and although not statistically significant after correction, the AG genotype (P = .006; OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20-2.90) reinforced the allelic findings. Additionally, we found the SNAP25-rs363039's CT genotype (P = .001; OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.36-3.34), the STXBP5-rs1765028's T allele (P = .041; OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90), and the UNC13B-rs7851161's TT genotype (P = .001; OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.36-3.34) as statistically significant risk factors for migraine liability. VAMP2-rs1150's G allele revealed a risk association to migraine, not statistically significant after correction (P = .068). Additionally, we found haplotypes in SYN1, SYN2, STXBP1, and UNC13B to be associated with migraine. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides a new insight into migraine liability, identifying possible starting points for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Quintas
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Luís Neto
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alda Sousa
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pereira-Monteiro
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alonso
- UnIGENe, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Shafquat A, Crystal RG, Mezey JG. Identifying novel associations in GWAS by hierarchical Bayesian latent variable detection of differentially misclassified phenotypes. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:178. [PMID: 32381021 PMCID: PMC7204256 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of complex diseases in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) may lead to misdiagnoses and misclassification errors that can significantly impact discovery of disease loci. While well appreciated, almost all analyses of GWAS data consider reported disease phenotype values as is without accounting for potential misclassification. Results Here, we introduce Phenotype Latent variable Extraction of disease misdiagnosis (PheLEx), a GWAS analysis framework that learns and corrects misclassified phenotypes using structured genotype associations within a dataset. PheLEx consists of a hierarchical Bayesian latent variable model, where inference of differential misclassification is accomplished using filtered genotypes while implementing a full mixed model to account for population structure and genetic relatedness in study populations. Through simulations, we show that the PheLEx framework dramatically improves recovery of the correct disease state when considering realistic allele effect sizes compared to existing methodologies designed for Bayesian recovery of disease phenotypes. We also demonstrate the potential of PheLEx for extracting new potential loci from existing GWAS data by analyzing bipolar disorder and epilepsy phenotypes available from the UK Biobank. From the PheLEx analysis of these data, we identified new candidate disease loci not previously reported for these datasets that have value for supplemental hypothesis generation. Conclusion PheLEx shows promise in reanalyzing GWAS datasets to provide supplemental candidate loci that are ignored by traditional GWAS analysis methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah Shafquat
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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SIV-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction Is Associated with an Increase in Synapsin Site 1 Phosphorylation and Impaired PP2A Activity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7006-7018. [PMID: 31270156 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0178-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the reduction of viral loads in people with HIV undergoing combination antiretroviral therapy has mitigated AIDS-related symptoms, the prevalence of neurological impairments has remained unchanged. HIV-associated CNS dysfunction includes impairments in memory, attention, memory processing, and retrieval. Here, we show a significant site-specific increase in the phosphorylation of Syn I serine 9, site 1, in the frontal cortex lysates and synaptosome preparations of male rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) but not in uninfected or SIV-infected antiretroviral therapy animals. Furthermore, we found that a lower protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, a phosphatase responsible for Syn I (S9) dephosphorylation, is primarily associated with the higher S9 phosphorylation in the frontal cortex of SIV-infected macaques. Comparison of brain sections confirmed higher Syn I (S9) in the frontal cortex and greater coexpression of Syn I and PP2A A subunit, which was observed as perinuclear aggregates in the somata of the frontal cortex of SIV-infected macaques. Synaptosomes from SIV-infected animals were physiologically tested using a synaptic vesicle endocytosis assay and FM4-64 dye showing a significantly higher baseline depolarization levels in synaptosomes of SIV+-infected than uninfected control or antiretroviral therapy animals. A PP2A-activating FDA-approved drug, FTY720, decreased the higher synaptosome depolarization in SIV-infected animals. Our results suggest that an impaired distribution and lower activity of serine/threonine phosphatases in the context of HIV infection may cause an indirect effect on the phosphorylation levels of essential proteins involving in synaptic transmission, supporting the occurrence of specific impairments in the synaptic activity during SIV infection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Even with antiretroviral therapy, neurocognitive deficits, including impairments in attention, memory processing, and retrieval, are still major concerns in people living with HIV. Here, we used the rhesus macaque simian immunodeficiency virus model with and without antiretroviral therapy to study the dynamics of phosphorylation of key amino acid residues of synapsin I, which critically impacts synaptic vesicle function. We found a significant increase in synapsin I phosphorylation at serine 9, which was driven by dysfunction of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A in the nerve terminals. Our results suggest that an impaired distribution and lower activity of serine/threonine phosphatases in the context of HIV infection may cause an indirect effect on the phosphorylation levels of essential proteins involved in synaptic transmission.
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Mohseni Ahooyi T, Torkzaban B, Shekarabi M, Tahrir FG, Decoppet EA, Cotto B, Langford D, Amini S, Khalili K. Perturbation of synapsins homeostasis through HIV-1 Tat-mediated suppression of BAG3 in primary neuronal cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:473. [PMID: 31209204 PMCID: PMC6572798 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is known to be released by HIV infected non-neuronal cells in the brain, and after entering neurons, compromises brain homeostasis by impairing pro-survival pathways, thus contributing to the development of HIV-associated CNS disorders commonly observed in individuals living with HIV. Here, we demonstrate that synapsins, phosphoproteins that are predominantly expressed in neuronal cells and play a vital role in modulating neurotransmitter release at the pre-synaptic terminal, and neuronal differentiation become targets for Tat through autophagy and protein quality control pathways. We demonstrate that the presence of Tat in neurons results in downregulation of BAG3, a co-chaperone for heat shock proteins (Hsp70/Hsc70) that is implicated in protein quality control (PQC) processes by eliminating mis-folded and damaged proteins, and selective macroautophagy. Our results show that treatment of cells with Tat or suppression of BAG3 expression by siRNA in neuronal cells disturbs subcellular distribution of synapsins and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) leading to their accumulation in the neuronal soma and along axons in a punctate pattern, rather than being properly distributed at axon-terminals. Further, our results revealed that synapsins partially lost their stability and their removal via lysosomal autophagy was noticeably impaired in cells with low levels of BAG3. The observed impairment of lysosomal autophagy, under this condition, is likely caused by cells losing their ability to process LC3-I to LC3-II, in part due to a decrease in the ATG5 levels upon BAG3 knockdown. These observations ascribe a new function for BAG3 in controlling synaptic communications and illuminate a new downstream target for Tat to elicit its pathogenic effect in impacting neuronal cell function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Mohseni Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Masoud Shekarabi
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Farzaneh G Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Emilie A Decoppet
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Bianca Cotto
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Mirza FJ, Zahid S. The Role of Synapsins in Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:349-358. [PMID: 29282612 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsins serve as flagships among the presynaptic proteins due to their abundance on synaptic vesicles and contribution to synaptic communication. Several studies have emphasized the importance of this multi-gene family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins in maintaining brain physiology. In the recent times, increasing evidence has established the relevance of alterations in synapsins as a major determinant in many neurological disorders. Here, we give a comprehensive description of the diverse roles of the synapsin family and the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to several neurological disorders. These physiologically important roles of synapsins associated with neurological disorders are just beginning to be understood. A detailed understanding of the diversified expression of synapsins may serve to strategize novel therapeutic approaches for these debilitating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Javed Mirza
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Maschietto M, Bastos LC, Tahira AC, Bastos EP, Euclydes VLV, Brentani A, Fink G, de Baumont A, Felipe-Silva A, Francisco RPV, Gouveia G, Grisi SJFE, Escobar AMU, Moreira-Filho CA, Polanczyk GV, Miguel EC, Brentani H. Sex differences in DNA methylation of the cord blood are related to sex-bias psychiatric diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44547. [PMID: 28303968 PMCID: PMC5355991 DOI: 10.1038/srep44547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders are well documented, with exposure to stress during gestation differentially impacting females and males. We explored sex-specific DNA methylation in the cord blood of 39 females and 32 males born at term and with appropriate weight at birth regarding their potential connection to psychiatric outcomes. Mothers were interviewed to gather information about environmental factors (gestational exposure) that could interfere with the methylation profiles in the newborns. Bisulphite converted DNA was hybridized to Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Excluding XYS probes, there were 2,332 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) between sexes, which were enriched within brain modules of co-methylated CpGs during brain development and also differentially methylated in the brains of boys and girls. Genes associated with the DMSs were enriched for neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly for CpG sites found differentially methylated in brain tissue between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Moreover, the DMS had an overlap of 890 (38%) CpG sites with a cohort submitted to toxic exposition during gestation. This study supports the evidences that sex differences in DNA methylation of autosomes act as a primary driver of sex differences that are found in psychiatric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Brentani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Günther Fink
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gisele Gouveia
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena Brentani
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil
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Mulligan KA, Cheyette BNR. Neurodevelopmental Perspectives on Wnt Signaling in Psychiatry. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:219-246. [PMID: 28277568 DOI: 10.1159/000453266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is relevant to pathophysiology of diverse mental illnesses including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In the 35 years since Wnt ligands were first described, animal studies have richly explored how downstream Wnt signaling pathways affect an array of neurodevelopmental processes and how their disruption can lead to both neurological and behavioral phenotypes. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models have begun to contribute to this literature while pushing it in increasingly translational directions. Simultaneously, large-scale human genomic studies are providing evidence that sequence variation in Wnt signal pathway genes contributes to pathogenesis in several psychiatric disorders. This article reviews neurodevelopmental and postneurodevelopmental functions of Wnt signaling, highlighting mechanisms, whereby its disruption might contribute to psychiatric illness, and then reviews the most reliable recent genetic evidence supporting that mutations in Wnt pathway genes contribute to psychiatric illness. We are proponents of the notion that studies in animal and hiPSC models informed by the human genetic data combined with the deep knowledge base and tool kits generated over the last several decades of basic neurodevelopmental research will yield near-term tangible advances in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Mulligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin N R Cheyette
- Department of Psychiatry, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gadelha A, Coleman J, Breen G, Mazzoti DR, Yonamine CM, Pellegrino R, Ota VK, Belangero SI, Glessner J, Sleiman P, Hakonarson H, Hayashi MAF, Bressan RA. Genome-wide investigation of schizophrenia associated plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity. Schizophr Res 2016; 172:60-7. [PMID: 26851141 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ndel1 is a DISC1-interacting oligopeptidase that cleaves in vitro neuropeptides as neurotensin and bradykinin, and which has been associated with both neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. We previously reported that plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity is lower in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to healthy controls (HCs). To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the genetic factors associated with the plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity. In the current analyses, samples from 83 SCZ patients and 92 control subjects that were assayed for plasma Ndel1 enzyme activity were genotyped on Illumina Omni Express arrays. A genetic relationship matrix using genome-wide information was then used for ancestry correction, and association statistics were calculated genome-wide. Ndel1 enzyme activity was significantly lower in patients with SCZ (t=4.9; p<0.001) and was found to be associated with CAMK1D, MAGI2, CCDC25, and GABGR3, at a level of suggestive significance (p<10(-6)), independent of the clinical status. Then, we performed a model to investigate the observed differences for case/control measures. 2 SNPs at region 1p22.2 reached the p<10(-7) level. ZFPM2 and MAD1L1 were the only two genes with more than one hit at 10(-6) order of p value. Therefore, Ndel1 enzyme activity is a complex trait influenced by many different genetic variants that may contribute to SCZ physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Gadelha
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Camila M Yonamine
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Genetics, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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Butler MG, McGuire AB, Masoud H, Manzardo AM. Currently recognized genes for schizophrenia: High-resolution chromosome ideogram representation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:181-202. [PMID: 26462458 PMCID: PMC6679920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large body of genetic data from schizophrenia-related research has identified an assortment of genes and disturbed pathways supporting involvement of complex genetic components for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Advances in genetic technology and expanding studies with searchable genomic databases have led to multiple published reports, allowing us to compile a master list of known, clinically relevant, or susceptibility genes contributing to schizophrenia. We searched key words related to schizophrenia and genetics from peer-reviewed medical literature sources, authoritative public access psychiatric websites and genomic databases dedicated to gene discovery and characterization of schizophrenia. Our list of 560 genes were arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with gene symbols placed on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms. Genome wide pathway analysis using GeneAnalytics was carried out on the resulting list of genes to assess the underlying genetic architecture for schizophrenia. Recognized genes of clinical relevance, susceptibility or causation impact a broad range of biological pathways and mechanisms including ion channels (e.g., CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1H), metabolism (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6), multiple targets of neurotransmitter pathways impacting dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and serotonin function, brain development (e.g., NRG1, RELN), signaling peptides (e.g., PIK3CA, PIK4CA) and immune function (e.g., HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1) and interleukins (e.g., IL1A, IL10, IL6). This summary will enable clinical and laboratory geneticists, genetic counselors, and other clinicians to access convenient pictorial images of the distribution and location of contributing genes to inform diagnosis and gene-based treatment as well as provide risk estimates for genetic counseling of families with affected relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,Correspondence to: Merlin G. Butler, M.D., Ph.D., University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160,
| | - Austen B. McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Humaira Masoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ann M. Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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13
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Kedracka-Krok S, Swiderska B, Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Solich J, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Stathmin reduction and cytoskeleton rearrangement in rat nucleus accumbens in response to clozapine and risperidone treatment - Comparative proteomic study. Neuroscience 2015; 316:63-81. [PMID: 26708747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex network of anatomical connections of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) makes it an interface responsible for the selection and integration of cognitive and affective information to modulate appetitive or aversively motivated behaviour. There is evidence for NAc dysfunction in schizophrenia. NAc also seems to be important for antipsychotic drug action, but the biochemical characteristics of drug-induced alterations within NAc remain incompletely characterized. In this study, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed to describe the differences in the mechanisms of action of clozapine (CLO) and risperidone (RIS) in the rat NAc. Both antipsychotics influenced the level of microtubule-regulating proteins, i.e., stathmin, and proteins of the collapsin response mediator protein family (CRMPs), and only CLO affected NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 and septin 6. Both antipsychotics induced changes in levels of other cytoskeleton-related proteins. CLO exclusively up-regulated proteins involved in neuroprotection, such as glutathione synthetase, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 8 and mitochondrial heat-shock protein 75. RIS tuned cell function by changing the pattern of post-translational modifications of some proteins: it down-regulated the phosphorylated forms of stathmin and dopamine and the cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) isoform but up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). RIS modulated the level and phosphorylation state of synaptic proteins: synapsin-2, synaptotagmin-1 and adaptor-related protein-2 (AP-2) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Structural Biology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - B Swiderska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - U Jankowska
- Department of Structural Biology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Skupien-Rabian
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Solich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Molinaro L, Hui P, Tan M, Mishra RK. Role of presynaptic phosphoprotein synapsin II in schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:260-272. [PMID: 26425441 PMCID: PMC4582303 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapsin II is a member of the neuronal phosphoprotein family. These phosphoproteins are evolutionarily conserved across many organisms and are important in a variety of synaptic functions, including synaptogenesis and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. A number of genome-wide scans, meta-analyses, and genetic susceptibility studies have implicated the synapsin II gene (3p25) in the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) and other psychiatric disorders. Further studies have found a reduction of synapsin II mRNA and protein in the prefrontal cortex in post-mortem samples from schizophrenic patients. Disruptions in the expression of this gene may cause synaptic dysfunction, which can result in neurotransmitter imbalances, likely contributing to the pathogenesis of SZ. SZ is a costly, debilitating psychiatric illness affecting approximately 1.1% of the world’s population, amounting to 51 million people today. The disorder is characterized by positive (hallucinations, paranoia), negative (social withdrawal, lack of motivation), and cognitive (memory impairments, attention deficits) symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, function, and involvement of the synapsin family, specifically synapsin II, in the pathophysiology of SZ and possible target for therapeutic intervention/implications.
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15
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Carrel D, Hernandez K, Kwon M, Mau C, Trivedi MP, Brzustowicz LM, Firestein BL. Nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, a protein implicated in schizophrenia, controls radial migration of cortical neurons. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:969-78. [PMID: 25542305 PMCID: PMC4416077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Where a neuron is positioned in the brain during development determines neuronal circuitry and information processing needed for normal brain function. When aberrations in this process occur, cognitive disorders may result. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have been reported to show altered neuronal connectivity and heterotopias. To elucidate pathways by which this process occurs and become aberrant, we have chosen to study the long isoform of nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP), a protein encoded by a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. METHODS To determine whether NOS1AP plays a role in cortical patterning, we knocked down or co-overexpressed NOS1AP and a green fluorescent protein or red fluorescent protein (TagRFP) reporter in neuronal progenitor cells of the embryonic rat neocortex using in utero electroporation. We analyzed sections of cortex (ventricular zone, intermediate zone, and cortical plate [CP]) containing green fluorescent protein or red fluorescent protein TagRFP positive cells and counted the percentage of positive cells that migrated to each region from at least three rats for each condition. RESULTS NOS1AP overexpression disrupts neuronal migration, resulting in increased cells in intermediate zone and less cells in CP, and decreases dendritogenesis. Knockdown results in increased migration, with more cells reaching the CP. The phosphotyrosine binding region, but not the PDZ-binding motif, is necessary for NOS1AP function. Amino acids 181 to 307, which are sufficient for NOS1AP-mediated decreases in dendrite number, have no effect on migration. CONCLUSIONS Our studies show for the first time a critical role for the schizophrenia-associated gene NOS1AP in cortical patterning, which may contribute to underlying pathophysiology seen in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Carrel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Neurophotonics Laboratory, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Kristina Hernandez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Munjin Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Christine Mau
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Meera P Trivedi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Linda M Brzustowicz
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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16
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Basu D, Tian Y, Hui P, Bhandari J, Johnson RL, Mishra RK. Change in expression of vesicular protein synapsin II by chronic treatment with D2 allosteric modulator PAOPA. Peptides 2015; 66:58-62. [PMID: 25703303 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia include profound disturbances in thought, perception, cognition etc., which negatively impacts an individual's quality of life. Current antipsychotic drugs are not effective in treating all symptoms of this disorder, and often cause severe movement and metabolic side effects. Consequently, there remains a strong impetus to develop safer and more efficacious therapeutics for patients, as well as elucidating the etiology of schizophrenia. Previous work in our lab has introduced a novel candidate for the treatment of this disease: the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) allosteric modulator, 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide (PAOPA). We have previously shown that PAOPA, by selectively modulating D2R, can ameliorate schizophrenia-like symptoms in animal models, although the precise mechanism is presently not understood. Synapsin II is a presynaptic vesicular protein which has been strongly implicated in schizophrenia, as it is reduced in the prefrontal cortex of patients, and knockdown of this protein elicits schizophrenia-like phenotypes in animal models. Given the therapeutic effects of PAOPA and the role of synapsin II in schizophrenia, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic administration of PAOPA (45 days) on neuronal synapsin II protein expression in rodents. Immunoblot results revealed that the synapsin IIa, but not the IIb isoform, was increased in the dopaminergic regions of the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. The results of this study implicate a role for modulation of synapsin II as a possible therapeutic mechanism of action for potential antipsychotic drug PAOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Basu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Yuxin Tian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Patricia Hui
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Jayant Bhandari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Rodney L Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ram K Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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17
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Haerian BS, Sha'ari HM, Fong CY, Tan HJ, Wong SW, Ong LC, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Mohamed Z. Contribution of TIMP4 rs3755724 polymorphism to susceptibility to focal epilepsy in Malaysian Chinese. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 278:137-43. [PMID: 25595263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can damage the brain and plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4) is an inflammation-induced apoptosis and matrix turnover factor involved in several neuronal disorders and inflammatory diseases. Evidence has shown linkage disequilibrium between rs3755724 (-55C/T) of this gene with synapsin 2 (SYN2) rs3773364 and peroxisome proliferator-activated G receptor (PPARG) rs2920502 loci, which contribute to epilepsy in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to examine the association of these loci alone or their haplotypes with the risk of epilepsy in the Malaysian population. Genomic DNA of 1241 Malaysian Chinese, Indian, and Malay subjects (670 patients with epilepsy and 571 healthy individuals) was genotyped for the candidate loci by using the Sequenom MassArray method. Allele and genotype association of rs3755724 with susceptibility to epilepsy was significant in the Malaysian Chinese with focal epilepsy under codominant and dominant models (C vs. T: 1.5 (1.1-2.0), p=0.02; CT vs. TT: 1.8 (1.2-2.8), p=0.007 and 1.8 (1.2-2.7), p=0.006, respectively). The T allele and the TT genotype were more common in patients than in controls. No significant association was found between rs2920502 and rs3773364-rs3755724-rs2920502 haplotypes for susceptibility to epilepsy in each ethnicity. This study provides evidence that the promoter TIMP4 rs3755724 is a new focal epilepsy susceptibility variant that is plausibly involved in inflammation-induced seizures in Malaysian Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Sadat Haerian
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hidayati Mohd Sha'ari
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choong Yi Fong
- Division of Paediatrics Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jan Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sau Wei Wong
- Division of Paediatrics Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Choo Ong
- Division of Paediatrics Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Ali Raymond
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Tin Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Clayton DF, London SE. Advancing avian behavioral neuroendocrinology through genomics. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:58-71. [PMID: 24113222 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome technologies are transforming all areas of biology, including the study of hormones, brain and behavior. Annotated reference genome assemblies are rapidly being produced for many avian species. Here we briefly review the basic concepts and tools used in genomics. We then consider how these are informing the study of avian behavioral neuroendocrinology, focusing in particular on lessons from the study of songbirds. We discuss the impact of having a complete "parts list" for an organism; the transformational potential of studying large sets of genes at once instead one gene at a time; the growing recognition that environmental and behavioral signals trigger massive shifts in gene expression in the brain; and the prospects for using comparative genomics to uncover the genetic roots of behavioral variation. Throughout, we identify promising new directions for bolstering the application of genomic information to further advance the study of avian brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Clayton
- Biological & Experimental Psychology Division, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Sarah E London
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, 940 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Weber H, Klamer D, Freudenberg F, Kittel-Schneider S, Rivero O, Scholz CJ, Volkert J, Kopf J, Heupel J, Herterich S, Adolfsson R, Alttoa A, Post A, Grußendorf H, Kramer A, Gessner A, Schmidt B, Hempel S, Jacob CP, Sanjuán J, Moltó MD, Lesch KP, Freitag CM, Kent L, Reif A. The genetic contribution of the NO system at the glutamatergic post-synapse to schizophrenia: further evidence and meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:65-85. [PMID: 24220657 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NO is a pleiotropic signaling molecule and has an important role in cognition and emotion. In the brain, NO is produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I, encoded by NOS1) coupled to the NMDA receptor via PDZ interactions; this protein-protein interaction is disrupted upon binding of NOS1 adapter protein (encoded by NOS1AP) to NOS-I. As both NOS1 and NOS1AP were associated with schizophrenia, we here investigated these genes in greater detail by genotyping new samples and conducting a meta-analysis of our own and published data. In doing so, we confirmed association of both genes with schizophrenia and found evidence for their interaction in increasing risk towards disease. Our strongest finding was the NOS1 promoter SNP rs41279104, yielding an odds ratio of 1.29 in the meta-analysis. As findings from heterologous cell systems have suggested that the risk allele decreases gene expression, we studied the effect of the variant on NOS1 expression in human post-mortem brain samples and found that the risk allele significantly decreases expression of NOS1 in the prefrontal cortex. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that this might be due the replacement of six transcription factor binding sites by two new binding sites as a consequence of proxy SNPs. Taken together, our data argue that genetic variance in NOS1 resulting in lower prefrontal brain expression of this gene contributes to schizophrenia liability, and that NOS1 interacts with NOS1AP in doing so. The NOS1-NOS1AP PDZ interface may thus well constitute a novel target for small molecules in at least some forms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany; Microarray Core Unit, IZKF Würzburg, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - D Klamer
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - O Rivero
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany; CIBERSAM, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C-J Scholz
- Microarray Core Unit, IZKF Würzburg, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Volkert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Heupel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Herterich
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Adolfsson
- Department of Clinivcal Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - A Alttoa
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Grußendorf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Gessner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Hempel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C P Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Sanjuán
- CIBERSAM, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M D Moltó
- CIBERSAM, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - K-P Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Kent
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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20
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Crisafulli C, Chiesa A, Han C, Lee SJ, Balzarro B, Andrisano C, Sidoti A, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. Case-control association study of 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within 10 candidate genes for major depression and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:121-3. [PMID: 23273899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 10 genes previously associated with major depression and bipolar disorder, as well as with the response to their treatment (ABCB1, ABCB4, TAP2, CLOCK, CPLX1, CPLX2, SYN2, NRG1, 5HTR1A and GPRIN2). No association with mood disorders and clinical outcomes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Corradi A, Fadda M, Piton A, Patry L, Marte A, Rossi P, Cadieux-Dion M, Gauthier J, Lapointe L, Mottron L, Valtorta F, Rouleau GA, Fassio A, Benfenati F, Cossette P. SYN2 is an autism predisposing gene: loss-of-function mutations alter synaptic vesicle cycling and axon outgrowth. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:90-103. [PMID: 23956174 PMCID: PMC3857945 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of genes predisposing to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has been identified, many of which are implicated in synaptic function. This 'synaptic autism pathway' notably includes disruption of SYN1 that is associated with epilepsy, autism and abnormal behavior in both human and mice models. Synapsins constitute a multigene family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins (SYN1-3) present in the majority of synapses where they are implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. Synapsins I and II, the major Syn isoforms in the adult brain, display partially overlapping functions and defects in both isoforms are associated with epilepsy and autistic-like behavior in mice. In this study, we show that nonsense (A94fs199X) and missense (Y236S and G464R) mutations in SYN2 are associated with ASD in humans. The phenotype is apparent in males. Female carriers of SYN2 mutations are unaffected, suggesting that SYN2 is another example of autosomal sex-limited expression in ASD. When expressed in SYN2 knockout neurons, wild-type human Syn II fully rescues the SYN2 knockout phenotype, whereas the nonsense mutant is not expressed and the missense mutants are virtually unable to modify the SYN2 knockout phenotype. These results identify for the first time SYN2 as a novel predisposing gene for ASD and strengthen the hypothesis that a disturbance of synaptic homeostasis underlies ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy
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Synapsin II gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of brain specimens from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: effect of lifetime intake of antipsychotic drugs. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:63-9. [PMID: 23529008 PMCID: PMC3970980 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins are neuronal phosphoproteins crucial to regulating the processes required for normal neurotransmitter release. Synapsin II, in particular, has been implied as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. This study investigated synapsin II mRNA expression, using Real Time RT-PCR, in coded dorsolateral prefrontal cortical samples provided by the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. Synapsin IIa was decreased in patients with schizophrenia when compared to both healthy subjects and patients with bipolar disorder, whereas the synapsin IIb was only significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia when compared to healthy subjects, but not patients with bipolar disorder. Furthermore, lifetime antipsychotic drug use was positively associated with synapsin IIa expression in patients with schizophrenia. Results suggest that impairment of synaptic transmission by synapsin II reduction may contribute to dysregulated convergent molecular mechanisms which result in aberrant neural circuits that characterize schizophrenia, while implicating involvement of synapsin II in therapeutic mechanisms of currently prescribed antipsychotic drugs.
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H3K4 tri-methylation in synapsin genes leads to different expression patterns in bipolar disorder and major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:289-99. [PMID: 22571925 PMCID: PMC3564952 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapsin family of neuronal phosphoproteins is composed of three genes (SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3) with alternative splicing resulting in a number of variants with various levels of homology. These genes have been postulated to play significant roles in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and epilepsy. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as histone modifications in gene regulatory regions, have also been proposed to play a role in a number of psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. One of the best characterized histone modifications is histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3), an epigenetic mark shown to be highly enriched at transcriptional start sites and associated with active transcription. In the present study we have quantified the expression of transcript variants of the three synapsin genes and investigated their relationship to H3K4me3 promoter enrichment in post-mortem brain samples. We found that histone modification marks were significantly increased in bipolar disorder and major depression and this effect was correlated with significant increases in gene expression. Our findings suggest that synapsin dysregulation in mood disorders is mediated in part by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.
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Chen YC, Hsiao CC, Chen KD, Hung YC, Wu CY, Lie CH, Liu SF, Sung MT, Chen CJ, Wang TY, Chang JC, Tang P, Fang WF, Wang YH, Chung YH, Chao TY, Leung SY, Su MC, Wang CC, Lin MC. Peripheral immune cell gene expression changes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first line combination chemotherapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57053. [PMID: 23451142 PMCID: PMC3581559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence has shown that immune surveillance is compromised in a tumor-promoting microenvironment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and can be restored by appropriate chemotherapy. Methods To test this hypothesis, we analyzed microarray gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 patients with newly-diagnosed advanced stage NSCLC, and 20 age-, sex-, and co-morbidity-matched healthy controls. All the patients received a median of four courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine for a 28-day cycle as first line treatment. Results Sixty-nine differentially expressed genes between the patients and controls, and 59 differentially expressed genes before and after chemotherapy were identified. The IL4 pathway was significantly enriched in both tumor progression and chemotherapy signatures. CXCR4 and IL2RG were down-regulated, while DOK2 and S100A15 were up-regulated in the patients, and expressions of all four genes were partially or totally reversed after chemotherapy. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR for the four up-regulated (S100A15, DOK2) and down-regulated (TLR7, TOP1MT) genes in the patients, and the six up-regulated (TLR7, CRISP3, TOP1MT) and down-regulated (S100A15, DOK2, IL2RG) genes after chemotherapy confirmed the validity of the microarray results. Further immunohistochemical analysis of the paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues identified strong S100A15 nuclear staining not only in stage IV NSCLC as compared to stage IIIB NSCLC (p = 0.005), but also in patients with stable or progressive disease as compared to those with a partial response (p = 0.032). A high percentage of S100A15 nuclear stained cells (HR 1.028, p = 0.01) was the only independent factor associated with three-year overall mortality. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential role of the IL4 pathway in immune surveillance of advanced stage NSCLC, and immune potentiation of combination chemotherapy. S100A15 may serve as a potential biomarker for tumor staging, and a predictor of poor prognosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Center of Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hao Lie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Sung
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Tang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsi Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Chao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sum-Yee Leung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Yim SV, Kim SK, Park HJ, Jeon HS, Jo BC, Kang WS, Lee SM, Kim JW, Chung JH. Assessment of the correlation between TIMP4 SNPs and schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:489-94. [PMID: 23229788 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell differentiation and neuroprotection in the central nervous system. To investigate whether TIMP4 polymorphisms are associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), 480 patients (schizophrenia, n=287; ASDs, n=193) and 296 controls were enrolled. Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and ASDs were assessed using the operation criteria checklist for psychotic illness (OPCRIT) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), respectively. One promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs3755724, -55C/T) and one exonic SNP (rs17035945, 3'-untranslated region) were selected. SNPStats and SNPAnalyzer Pro programs were used to calculate odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze the genetic data. Based on the results, these two SNPs were not associated with schizophrenia and ASD. In the analysis of clinical features of schizophrenia, rs3755724 was nominally associated with schizophrenia with poor concentration (P=0.044 in the codominant2 model, P=0.041 in the log-additive model and P=0.043 in allele frequency). These results suggest that TIMP4 is not associated with the development of schizophrenia and ASD in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hu Y, Zhou J, Fang L, Liu H, Zhan Q, Luo D, Zhou C, Chen J, Li Q, Xie P. Hippocampal synaptic dysregulation of exo/endocytosis-associated proteins induced in a chronic mild-stressed rat model. Neuroscience 2013; 230:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Levinson DF, Shi J, Wang K, Oh S, Riley B, Pulver AE, Wildenauer DB, Laurent C, Mowry BJ, Gejman PV, Owen MJ, Kendler KS, Nestadt G, Schwab SG, Mallet J, Nertney D, Sanders AR, Williams NM, Wormley B, Lasseter VK, Albus M, Godard-Bauché S, Alexander M, Duan J, O'Donovan MC, Walsh D, O'Neill A, Papadimitriou GN, Dikeos D, Maier W, Lerer B, Campion D, Cohen D, Jay M, Fanous A, Eichhammer P, Silverman JM, Norton N, Zhang N, Hakonarson H, Gao C, Citri A, Hansen M, Ripke S, Dudbridge F, Holmans PA. Genome-wide association study of multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:963-73. [PMID: 22885689 PMCID: PMC6927206 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of multiply affected families to investigate the association of schizophrenia to common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and rare copy number variants (CNVs). METHOD The family sample included 2,461 individuals from 631 pedigrees (581 in the primary European-ancestry analyses). Association was tested for single SNPs and genetic pathways. Polygenic scores based on family study results were used to predict case-control status in the Schizophrenia Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC) data set, and consistency of direction of effect with the family study was determined for top SNPs in the PGC GWAS analysis. Within-family segregation was examined for schizophrenia-associated rare CNVs. RESULTS No genome-wide significant associations were observed for single SNPs or for pathways. PGC case and control subjects had significantly different genome-wide polygenic scores (computed by weighting their genotypes by log-odds ratios from the family study) (best p=10(-17), explaining 0.4% of the variance). Family study and PGC analyses had consistent directions for 37 of the 58 independent best PGC SNPs (p=0.024). The overall frequency of CNVs in regions with reported associations with schizophrenia (chromosomes 1q21.1, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, and 22q11.2 and the neurexin-1 gene [NRXN1]) was similar to previous case-control studies. NRXN1 deletions and 16p11.2 duplications (both of which were transmitted from parents) and 22q11.2 deletions (de novo in four cases) did not segregate with schizophrenia in families. CONCLUSIONS Many common SNPs are likely to contribute to schizophrenia risk, with substantial overlap in genetic risk factors between multiply affected families and cases in large case-control studies. Our findings are consistent with a role for specific CNVs in disease pathogenesis, but the partial segregation of some CNVs with schizophrenia suggests that researchers should exercise caution in using them for predictive genetic testing until their effects in diverse populations have been fully studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., USA.
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28
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Ayalew M, Le-Niculescu H, Levey DF, Jain N, Changala B, Patel SD, Winiger E, Breier A, Shekhar A, Amdur R, Koller D, Nurnberger JI, Corvin A, Geyer M, Tsuang MT, Salomon D, Schork NJ, Fanous AH, O'Donovan MC, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of schizophrenia: from comprehensive understanding to genetic risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:887-905. [PMID: 22584867 PMCID: PMC3427857 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used a translational convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach to identify and prioritize genes involved in schizophrenia, by gene-level integration of genome-wide association study data with other genetic and gene expression studies in humans and animal models. Using this polyevidence scoring and pathway analyses, we identify top genes (DISC1, TCF4, MBP, MOBP, NCAM1, NRCAM, NDUFV2, RAB18, as well as ADCYAP1, BDNF, CNR1, COMT, DRD2, DTNBP1, GAD1, GRIA1, GRIN2B, HTR2A, NRG1, RELN, SNAP-25, TNIK), brain development, myelination, cell adhesion, glutamate receptor signaling, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and cAMP-mediated signaling as key to pathophysiology and as targets for therapeutic intervention. Overall, the data are consistent with a model of disrupted connectivity in schizophrenia, resulting from the effects of neurodevelopmental environmental stress on a background of genetic vulnerability. In addition, we show how the top candidate genes identified by CFG can be used to generate a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) to aid schizophrenia diagnostics, with predictive ability in independent cohorts. The GRPS also differentiates classic age of onset schizophrenia from early onset and late-onset disease. We also show, in three independent cohorts, two European American and one African American, increasing overlap, reproducibility and consistency of findings from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to genes, then genes prioritized by CFG, and ultimately at the level of biological pathways and mechanisms. Finally, we compared our top candidate genes for schizophrenia from this analysis with top candidate genes for bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders from previous CFG analyses conducted by us, as well as findings from the fields of autism and Alzheimer. Overall, our work maps the genomic and biological landscape for schizophrenia, providing leads towards a better understanding of illness, diagnostics and therapeutics. It also reveals the significant genetic overlap with other major psychiatric disorder domains, suggesting the need for improved nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ayalew
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B Changala
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E Winiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Amdur
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A H Fanous
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M C O'Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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29
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Crisafulli C, Chiesa A, Han C, Lee SJ, Park MH, Balzarro B, Andrisano C, Patkar AA, Pae CU, Serretti A. Case-control association study for 10 genes in patients with schizophrenia: influence of 5HTR1A variation rs10042486 on schizophrenia and response to antipsychotics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:199-205. [PMID: 22120873 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate possible associations between a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 genes with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and response to antipsychotics in Korean in-patients treated with antipsychotics. Two hundred and twenty-one SCZ in-patients and 170 psychiatrically healthy controls were genotyped for 42 SNPs within ABCB1, ABCB4, TAP2, CLOCK, CPLX1, CPLX2, SYN2, NRG1, 5HTR1A and GPRIN2. Baseline and final clinical measures, including the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), were recorded. Rs10042486 within 5HTR1A was associated with both SCZ and clinical improvement on PANSS total scores as well as on PANSS positive and PANSS negative scores. The haplotype analyses focusing on the four, three and two blocks' haplotypes within 5HTR1A confirmed such findings as well. We did not observe any significant association between the remaining genetic variants under investigation in this study and clinical outcomes. Our preliminary findings suggest that rs10042486 within 5HTR1A promoter region could be associated with SCZ and with clinical improvement on PANSS total, positive and negative scores in Korean patients with SCZ. However, taking into account the several limitations of our study, further research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Messina, Italy
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30
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Cruceanu C, Alda M, Grof P, Rouleau GA, Turecki G. Synapsin II is involved in the molecular pathway of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32680. [PMID: 22384280 PMCID: PMC3286475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with a prevalence of 1–2% in the general population that is characterized by severe episodic shifts in mood ranging from depressive to manic episodes. One of the most common treatments is lithium (Li), with successful response in 30–60% of patients. Synapsin II (SYN2) is a neuronal phosphoprotein that we have previously identified as a possible candidate gene for the etiology of BD and/or response to Li treatment in a genome-wide linkage study focusing on BD patients characterized for excellent response to Li prophylaxis. In the present study we investigated the role of this gene in BD, particularly as it pertains to Li treatment. We investigated the effect of lithium treatment on the expression of SYN2 in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients characterized as excellent Li-responders, non-responders, as well as non-psychiatric controls. Finally, we sought to determine if Li has a cell-type-specific effect on gene expression in neuronal-derived cell lines. In both in vitro models, we found SYN2 to be modulated by the presence of Li. By focusing on Li-responsive BD we have identified a potential mechanism for Li response in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cruceanu
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul Grof
- Mood Disorders Centre of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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31
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Waites CL, Garner CC. Presynaptic function in health and disease. Trends Neurosci 2011; 34:326-37. [PMID: 21596448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with one another at specialized contact sites called synapses, composed of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Presynaptic compartments, or 'boutons', signal to the postsynaptic compartment by releasing chemical neurotransmitter in response to incoming electrical impulses. Recent studies link defects in the function of presynaptic boutons to the etiology of several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, including autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we describe five core functions of presynaptic boutons and the molecules that mediate these functions, focusing on a subset that are linked to human disease. We also discuss potential mechanisms through which the loss or alteration of these specific molecules could lead to defects in synaptic communication, neural circuit function and, ultimately, cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa L Waites
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd. Palo Alto, CA 94304-5485, USA
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32
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Haerian BS, Lim KS, Tan HJ, Wong CP, Wong SW, Tan CT, Raymond AA, Mohamed Z. Lack of association between synapsin II (SYN2) gene polymorphism and susceptibility epilepsy: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Synapse 2011; 65:1073-9. [PMID: 21465568 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SYN2 rs3773364 A>G polymorphism has been proposed to be involved in susceptibility to epilepsy, but research results have been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the SYN2 rs3773364 A>G polymorphism and susceptibility against epilepsy in a case-control study and a meta-analysis. METHODS The SYN2 rs3773364 A>G polymorphism was successfully genotyped in 1182 samples (618 epilepsy patients) of Chinese, Indian, and Malay ethnicities. Meta-analysis of the related studies, including this case-control study, was performed under alternative genetic models. RESULTS Data from the case-control study indicated no allelic and genotypic association of this locus with susceptibility to epilepsy in the tri-ethnic Malaysian population. Similar finding was obtained by stratified analysis by epilepsy syndrome for idiopathic epilepsy. These results were verified by meta-analysis of the related pooled data. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that SYN2 rs3773364 A>G polymorphism is not a risk factor for susceptibility to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Sadat Haerian
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lakhan R, Kalita J, Misra UK, Kumari R, Mittal B. Association of intronic polymorphism rs3773364 A>G in synapsin-2 gene with idiopathic epilepsy. Synapse 2010; 64:403-8. [PMID: 20034013 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In epilepsy, there is a tendency towards recurrent unprovoked seizures. Seizures result due to the excessive electrical misfiring in the brain between neurons and disturbance in neurotransmitter release. Several gene products affect the behavior of these neurons by regulating neurotransmission via several mechanisms. One such gene, Synapsin-2 (SYN2), involved in synaptogenesis is also reported to regulate the neurotransmitter release. We hypothesized that SYN2 gene and its polymorphisms could affect the process of epileptogenesis and therapeutic response in humans. In this hospital-based study, we enrolled 372 patients with epilepsy and 199 control subjects. We selected rs3773364 A>G polymorphism in SYN2 gene and analyzed its distribution in north Indian patients with epilepsy and control subjects. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. According to the results obtained, SYN2 "AG" genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy versus control subjects in north Indian population (P = 0.02, OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.26). After subclassification, we observed higher frequency of AG genotype in idiopathic patients as compared to control subjects (P = 0.01, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08-2.56). There were no significant differences in genotypic (AG: OR = 0.80, P = 0.377; GG: P = 0.628, OR = 1.17) or allelic (P = 0.86, OR = 1.03) frequency distributions in patients with multiple drug resistance versus patients with drug-responsive epilepsy. Results from our study indicate the involvement of SYN2 gene polymorphism in conferring risk to epilepsy; however, the genetic variant does not seem to modulate drug-response in epilepsy pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Lakhan
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
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Murphy KJ, ter Horst JPF, Cassidy AW, DeSouza IEJ, Morgunova M, Li C, Connole LM, O’Sullivan NC, Loscher JS, Brady AT, Rombach N, Connellan J, McGettigan PA, Scully D, Fedriani R, Lukasz B, Moran MP, McCabe OM, Wantuch CM, Hughes ZA, Mulvany SK, Higgins DG, Pangalos MN, Marquis KL, O’Connor WT, Ring RH, von Schack D, Regan CM. Temporal dysregulation of cortical gene expression in the isolation reared Wistar rat. J Neurochem 2010; 113:601-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Deery MJ, Maywood ES, Chesham JE, Sládek M, Karp NA, Green EW, Charles PD, Reddy AB, Kyriacou CP, Lilley KS, Hastings MH. Proteomic analysis reveals the role of synaptic vesicle cycling in sustaining the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Curr Biol 2009; 19:2031-6. [PMID: 19913422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The central circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is characterized as a series of transcriptional/posttranslational feedback loops. How this molecular mechanism coordinates daily rhythms in the SCN and hence the organism is poorly understood. We conducted the first systematic exploration of the "circadian intracellular proteome" of the SCN and revealed that approximately 13% of soluble proteins are subject to circadian regulation. Many of these proteins have underlying nonrhythmic mRNAs, so they have not previously been noted as circadian. Circadian proteins of the SCN include rate-limiting factors in metabolism, protein trafficking, and, intriguingly, synaptic vesicle recycling. We investigated the role of this clock-regulated pathway by treating organotypic cultures of SCN with botulinum toxin A or dynasore to block exocytosis and endocytosis. These manipulations of synaptic vesicle recycling compromised circadian gene expression, both across the SCN as a circuit and within individual SCN neurons. These findings reveal how basic cellular processes within the SCN are subject to circadian regulation and how disruption of these processes interferes with SCN cellular pacemaking. Specifically, we highlight synaptic vesicle cycling as a novel point of clock cell regulation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Association study and mutational screening of SYNGR1 as a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2009; 19:237-43. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32832cebf7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ma D, Chan MK, Lockstone HE, Pietsch SR, Jones DNC, Cilia J, Hill MD, Robbins MJ, Benzel IM, Umrania Y, Guest PC, Levin Y, Maycox PR, Bahn S. Antipsychotic Treatment Alters Protein Expression Associated with Presynaptic Function and Nervous System Development in Rat Frontal Cortex. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3284-97. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800983p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Man K. Chan
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Helen E. Lockstone
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Sandra R. Pietsch
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Declan N. C. Jones
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Jackie Cilia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Mark D. Hill
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Melanie J. Robbins
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Isabel M. Benzel
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Yagnesh Umrania
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Paul C. Guest
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Yishai Levin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Peter R. Maycox
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, U.K., and Psychiatry CEDD, New Frontiers Science Park, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, U.K
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Abstract
Gestational vitamin D deficiency causes permanent changes in the developing rat brain. Not only does it alter brain gene and protein expression, deficiency disrupts the balance between neuronal stem cell proliferation and programmed cell death in the offspring. These data are particularly relevant in light of new work showing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy W Levenson
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences at Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4340, USA.
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Bruse S, Moreau M, Azaro M, Zimmerman R, Brzustowicz L. Improvements to bead-based oligonucleotide ligation SNP genotyping assays. Biotechniques 2009; 45:559-71. [PMID: 19007340 DOI: 10.2144/000112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a bead-based, multiplexed, oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) performed on the Luminex flow cytometer. Differences between this method and those previously reported include the use of far fewer beads and the use of a universal oligonucleotide for signal detection. These innovations serve to significantly reduce the cost of the assay, while maintaining robustness and accuracy. Comparisons are made between the Luminex OLA and both pyrosequencing and direct sequencing. Experiments to assess conversion rates, call rates, and concordance across technical replicates are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Bruse
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Abstract
Gene expression changes in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and gene responses to therapeutic drugs, provide new ways to identify central nervous system (CNS) targets for drug discovery. This review summarizes gene and pathway targets replicated in expression profiling of human postmortem brain, animal models, and cell culture studies. Analysis of isolated human neurons implicates targets for Alzheimer's disease and the cognitive decline associated with normal aging and mild cognitive impairment. In addition to tau, amyloid-beta precursor protein, and amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta), these targets include all three high-affinity neurotrophin receptors and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system, synapse markers, glutamate receptors (GluRs) and transporters, and dopamine (DA) receptors, particularly the D2 subtype. Gene-based candidates for Parkinson's disease (PD) include the ubiquitin-proteosome system, scavengers of reactive oxygen species, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, TrkB, and downstream target early growth response 1, Nurr-1, and signaling through protein kinase C and RAS pathways. Increasing variability and decreases in brain mRNA production from middle age to old age suggest that cognitive impairments during normal aging may be addressed by drugs that restore antioxidant, DNA repair, and synaptic functions including those of DA to levels of younger adults. Studies in schizophrenia identify robust decreases in genes for GABA function, including glutamic acid decarboxylase, HINT1, glutamate transport and GluRs, BDNF and TrkB, numerous 14-3-3 protein family members, and decreases in genes for CNS synaptic and metabolic functions, particularly glycolysis and ATP generation. Many of these metabolic genes are increased by insulin and muscarinic agonism, both of which are therapeutic in psychosis. Differential genomic signals are relatively sparse in bipolar disorder, but include deficiencies in the expression of 14-3-3 protein members, implicating these chaperone proteins and the neurotransmitter pathways they support as possible drug targets. Brains from persons with major depressive disorder reveal decreased expression for genes in glutamate transport and metabolism, neurotrophic signaling (eg, FGF, BDNF and VGF), and MAP kinase pathways. Increases in these pathways in the brains of animals exposed to electroconvulsive shock and antidepressant treatments identify neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factors and second messenger stimulation as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of depression.
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Schwab SG, Handoko HY, Kusumawardhani A, Widyawati I, Amir N, Nasrun MWS, Holmans P, Knapp M, Wildenauer DB. Genome-wide scan in 124 Indonesian sib-pair families with schizophrenia reveals genome-wide significant linkage to a locus on chromosome 3p26-21. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1245-52. [PMID: 18449910 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Variation in incidence of schizophrenia between populations with different ethnical background may reflect population specific differences in nature and composition of genetic and environmental factors. In order to investigate whether there are population specific susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, we collected in Indonesia families with two or more affected siblings and, as far as available, parents and unaffected siblings, suitable for genetic linkage- and association studies. After checking extensively for incompatibilities with Mendelian inheritance as well as for errors in sampling, we used 124 families from the sample of 152 originally ascertained families for linkage analysis. Genotyping was performed at the NHLBI Mammalian Genotyping Service at Marshfield Research Organisation using the Screening Set 16, which comprises 402 Short Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms (STRPs). The genotypes of 540 individuals including 267 affected with schizophrenia were used for analysis. Multipoint sib-pair linkage analysis was carried out by estimation of--allele sharing derived--maximum likelihood LOD scores (MLS) in 154 sib-pair combinations. We obtained a genome-wide significant MLS of 3.76 on chromosome 3p26.2-25.3. Genome-wide significance was estimated by performing 10,000 simulated genomescans. Additional loci were detected on 1p12, which produced suggestive evidence for linkage (MLS = 2.35), as well as on 5q14.1 (MLS = 1.56), 5q33.3 (MLS = 1.11), and 10q (MLS = 1.17), where linkage had been reported previously. In conclusion, our study detected a region with genome-wide significant linkage, which will serve as starting point for identification of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in the Indonesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Corradi A, Zanardi A, Giacomini C, Onofri F, Valtorta F, Zoli M, Benfenati F. Synapsin-I- and synapsin-II-null mice display an increased age-dependent cognitive impairment. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3042-51. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.035063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsin I (SynI) and synapsin II (SynII) are major synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins that function in the regulation of the availability of SVs for release in mature neurons. SynI and SynII show a high level of sequence similarity and share many functions in vivo, although distinct physiological roles for the two proteins have been proposed. Both SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice have a normal lifespan, but exhibit a decreased number of SVs and synaptic depression upon high-frequency stimulation. Because of the role of the synapsin proteins in synaptic organization and plasticity, we studied the long-lasting effects of synapsin deletion on the phenotype of SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice during aging. Both SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice displayed behavioural defects that emerged during aging and involved emotional memory in both mutants, and spatial memory in SynII–/– mice. These abnormalities, which were more pronounced in SynII–/– mice, were associated with neuronal loss and gliosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The data indicate that SynI and SynII have specific and non-redundant functions, and that synaptic dysfunctions associated with synapsin mutations negatively modulate cognitive performances and neuronal survival during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Zanardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute/Vita-Salute University, IIT Unit of Molecular Neuroscience and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, The Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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