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Albeely AM, Williams OOF, Blight CR, Thériault RK, Perreault ML. Sex differences in neuronal oscillatory activity and memory in the methylazoxymethanol acetate model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:451-461. [PMID: 38643726 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model is used to study aspects of schizophrenia. However, numerous studies that have employed this model have used only males, resulting in a dearth of knowledge on sex differences in brain function and behaviour. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist between male and female MAM rats in neuronal oscillatory function within and between the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and thalamus, behaviour, and in proteins linked to schizophrenia neuropathology. We showed that female MAM animals exhibited region-specific alterations in theta power, elevated low and high gamma power in all regions, and elevated PFC-thalamus high gamma coherence. Male MAM rats had elevated beta and low gamma power in PFC, and elevated vHIP-thalamus coherence. MAM females displayed impaired reversal learning whereas MAM males showed impairments in spatial memory. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was altered in the thalamus, with female MAM rats displaying elevated GSK-3α phosphorylation. Male MAM rats showed higher expression and phosphorylation GSK-3α, and higher expression of GSK-β. Sex-specific changes in phosphorylated Tau levels were observed in a region-specific manner. These findings demonstrate there are notable sex differences in behaviour, oscillatory network function, and GSK-3 signaling in MAM rats, thus highlighting the importance of inclusion of both sexes when using this model to study schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M Albeely
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Colin R Blight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Negrón-Oyarzo I, Dib T, Chacana-Véliz L, López-Quilodrán N, Urrutia-Piñones J. Large-scale coupling of prefrontal activity patterns as a mechanism for cognitive control in health and disease: evidence from rodent models. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1286111. [PMID: 38638163 PMCID: PMC11024307 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1286111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt to changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes in cognitive control of behavior is observed during cognitive decline in elderly and in pathological mental conditions. Therefore, the recovery of cognitive control may provide a reliable preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, its neural basis is not completely understood. Cognitive control is supported by the prefrontal cortex, structure that integrates relevant information for the appropriate organization of behavior. At neurophysiological level, it is suggested that cognitive control is supported by local and large-scale synchronization of oscillatory activity patterns and neural spiking activity between the prefrontal cortex and distributed neural networks. In this review, we focus mainly on rodent models approaching the neuronal origin of these prefrontal patterns, and the cognitive and behavioral relevance of its coordination with distributed brain systems. We also examine the relationship between cognitive control and neural activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex, and its role in normal cognitive decline and pathological mental conditions. Finally, based on these body of evidence, we propose a common mechanism that may underlie the impaired cognitive control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tatiana Dib
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Chacana-Véliz
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nélida López-Quilodrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Ibáñez-Molina A, Crespo Cobo Y, Soriano Peña MF, Iglesias-Parro S, Ruiz de Miras J. Mutual information of multiple rhythms in schizophrenia. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:285-295. [PMID: 38091050 PMCID: PMC10917874 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between different cortical rhythms, such as slow and fast oscillations, have been hypothesized to underlie many cognitive functions. In patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, there is some evidence indicating that the interplay between slow and fast oscillations might be impaired or disrupted. In this study, we investigated multiple oscillatory interactions in schizophrenia using a novel approach based on information theory. This method allowed us to investigate interactions from a new perspective, where two or more rhythm interactions could be analyzed at the same time. We calculated the mutual information of multiple rhythms (MIMR) for EEG segments registered in resting state. Following previous studies, we focused on rhythm interactions between theta, alpha, and gamma. The results showed that, in general, MIMR was higher in patients than in controls for alpha-gamma and theta-gamma couplings. This finding of an increased coupling between slow and fast rhythms in schizophrenia may indicate complex interactions in the Default Mode Network (DMN) related to hyperactivation of internally guided cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasmina Crespo Cobo
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
- Department of Psychology, St. Agustín University Hospital, Av. San Cristóbal, 2D, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Maria Felipa Soriano Peña
- Department of Psychology, St. Agustín University Hospital, Av. San Cristóbal, 2D, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
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Hanewald B, Lockhofen DEL, Sammer G, Stingl M, Gallhofer B, Mulert C, Iffland JR. Functional connectivity in a monetary and social incentive delay task in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200860. [PMID: 37711426 PMCID: PMC10498543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies indicate impaired reward-related learning in individuals with schizophrenia, with various factors such as illness duration, medication, disease severity, and level of analysis (behavioral or neurophysiological data) potentially confounding the results. Patients with schizophrenia who are treated with second-generation antipsychotics have been found to have a less affected reward system. However, this finding does not explain the neural dysfunctions observed in previous studies. This study aimed to address the open question of whether the less impaired reward-related behavior is associated with unimpaired task-related functional connectivity or altered task-related functional connectivity. Methods The study included 23 participants diagnosed within the schizophrenia spectrum and 23 control participants matched in terms of age, sex, and education. Participants underwent an MRI while performing a monetary incentive delay task and a social incentive delay task. The collected data were analyzed in terms of behavior and functional connectivity. Results Both groups exhibited a main effect of reward type on behavioral performance, indicating faster reaction times in the social incentive delay task, but no main effect of reward level. Altered functional connectivity was observed in predictable brain regions within the patient group, depending on the chosen paradigm, but not when compared to healthy individuals. Discussion In addition to expected slower response times, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated similar response patterns to control participants at the behavioral level. The similarities in behavioral data may underlie different connectivity patterns. Our findings suggest that perturbations in reward processing do not necessarily imply disturbances in underlying connectivities. Consequently, we were able to demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia are indeed capable of exhibiting goal-directed, reward-responsive behavior, although there are differences depending on the type of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hanewald
- Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Yeh TC, Huang CCY, Chung YA, Park SY, Im JJ, Lin YY, Ma CC, Tzeng NS, Chang HA. Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS Modulates Theta-Band EEG Source-Based Large-Scale Functional Network Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020630. [PMID: 36831167 PMCID: PMC9953127 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
EEG studies indicated that schizophrenia patients had increased resting-state theta-band functional connectivity, which was associated with negative symptoms. We recently published the first study showing that theta (6 Hz) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over left prefrontal and parietal cortices during a working memory task for accentuating frontoparietal theta-band synchronization (in-phase theta-tACS) reduced negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Here, we hypothesized that in-phase theta-tACS can modulate theta-band large-scale networks connectivity in schizophrenia patients. In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, patients received twice-daily, 2 mA, 20-min sessions of in-phase theta-tACS for 5 consecutive weekdays (n = 18) or a sham stimulation (n = 18). Resting-state electroencephalography data were collected at baseline, end of stimulation, and at one-week follow-up. Exact low resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was used to compute intra-cortical activity. Lagged phase synchronization (LPS) was used to measure whole-brain source-based functional connectivity across 84 cortical regions at theta frequency (5-7 Hz). EEG data from 35 patients were analyzed. We found that in-phase theta-tACS significantly reduced the LPS between the posterior cingulate (PC) and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) in the right hemisphere only at the end of stimulation relative to sham (p = 0.0009, corrected). The reduction in right hemispheric PC-PHG LPS was significantly correlated with negative symptom improvement at the end of the stimulation (r = 0.503, p = 0.039). Our findings suggest that in-phase theta-tACS can modulate theta-band large-scale functional connectivity pertaining to negative symptoms. Considering the failure of right hemispheric PC-PHG functional connectivity to predict improvement in negative symptoms at one-week follow-up, future studies should investigate whether it can serve as a surrogate of treatment response to theta-tACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Cathy Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325208, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 112003, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3311 (ext. 17389); Fax: +886-2-8792-7221
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Griffiths O, Jack BN, Pearson D, Elijah R, Mifsud N, Han N, Libesman S, Rita Barreiros A, Turnbull L, Balzan R, Le Pelley M, Harris A, Whitford TJ. Disrupted auditory N1, theta power and coherence suppression to willed speech in people with schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103290. [PMID: 36535137 PMCID: PMC9792888 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of sensory self-suppression - also known as sensory attenuation - occurs when a person generates a perceptible stimulus (such as a sound) by performing an action (such as speaking). The sensorimotor control system is thought to actively predict and then suppress the vocal sound in the course of speaking, resulting in lowered cortical responsiveness when speaking than when passively listening to an identical sound. It has been hypothesized that auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia result from a reduction in self-suppression due to a disruption of predictive mechanisms required to anticipate and suppress a specific, self-generated sound. It has further been hypothesized that this suppression is evident primarily in theta band activity. Fifty-one people, half of whom had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were asked to repeatedly utter a single syllable, which was played back to them concurrently over headphones while EEG was continuously recorded. In other conditions, recordings of the same spoken syllables were played back to participants while they passively listened, or were played back with their onsets preceded by a visual cue. All participants experienced these conditions with their voice artificially shifted in pitch and also with their unaltered voice. Suppression was measured using event-related potentials (N1 component), theta phase coherence and power. We found that suppression was generally reduced on all metrics in the patient sample, and when voice alteration was applied. We additionally observed reduced theta coherence and power in the patient sample across all conditions. Visual cueing affected theta coherence only. In aggregate, the results suggest that sensory self-suppression of theta power and coherence is disrupted in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Griffiths
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Bradley N Jack
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Ruth Elijah
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathan Mifsud
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathan Han
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sol Libesman
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ana Rita Barreiros
- Specialty of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Turnbull
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ryan Balzan
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Harris
- Specialty of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas J Whitford
- Specialty of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Wu W, Xu C, Huang X, Xiao Q, Zheng X, Zhong H, Liang Q, Xie Q. Is frontoparietal electroencephalogram activity related to the level of functional disability in patients emerging from a minimally conscious state? A preliminary study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:972538. [PMID: 36248686 PMCID: PMC9556633 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.972538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective When regaining consciousness, patients who emerge from a minimally conscious state (EMCS) present with different levels of functional disability, which pose great challenges for treatment. This study investigated the frontoparietal activity in EMCS patients and its effects on functional disability. Materials and methods In this preliminary study, 12 EMCS patients and 12 healthy controls were recruited. We recorded a resting-state scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) for at least 5 min for each participant. Each patient was assessed using the disability rating scale (DRS) to determine the level of functional disability. We analyzed the EEG power spectral density and sensor-level functional connectivity in relation to the patient’s functional disability. Results In the frontoparietal region, EMCS patients demonstrated lower relative beta power (P < 0.01) and higher weighted phase lag index (wPLI) values in the theta (P < 0.01) and gamma (P < 0.01) bands than healthy controls. The frontoparietal theta wPLI values of EMCS patients were positively correlated with the DRS scores (rs = 0.629, P = 0.029). At the whole-brain level, EMCS patients only had higher wPLI values in the theta band (P < 0.01) than healthy controls. The whole-brain theta wPLI values of EMCS patients were also positively correlated with the DRS scores (rs = 0.650, P = 0.022). No significant difference in the power and connectivity between the frontoparietal region and the whole brain in EMCS patients was observed. Conclusion EMCS patients still experience neural dysfunction, especially in the frontoparietal region. However, the theta connectivity in the frontoparietal region did not increase specifically. At the level of the whole brain, the same shift could also be seen. Theta functional connectivity in the whole brain may underlie different levels of functional disability.
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Pezzella P, Mucci A, Galderisi S. Unveiling the Associations between EEG Indices and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092193. [PMID: 36140594 PMCID: PMC9498272 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions represent a core feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders due to their presence throughout different illness stages and their impact on functioning. Abnormalities in electrophysiology (EEG) measures are highly related to these impairments, but the use of EEG indices in clinical practice is still limited. A systematic review of articles using Pubmed, Scopus and PsychINFO was undertaken in November 2021 to provide an overview of the relationships between EEG indices and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Out of 2433 screened records, 135 studies were included in a qualitative review. Although the results were heterogeneous, some significant correlations were identified. In particular, abnormalities in alpha, theta and gamma activity, as well as in MMN and P300, were associated with impairments in cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning and executive functioning during at-risk mental states, early and chronic stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The review suggests that machine learning approaches together with a careful selection of validated EEG and cognitive indices and characterization of clinical phenotypes might contribute to increase the use of EEG-based measures in clinical settings.
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Gordillo D, da Cruz JR, Chkonia E, Lin WH, Favrod O, Brand A, Figueiredo P, Roinishvili M, Herzog MH. The EEG multiverse of schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3816-3826. [PMID: 36030389 PMCID: PMC10068296 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on schizophrenia typically focuses on one paradigm for which clear-cut differences between patients and controls are established. Great efforts are made to understand the underlying genetical, neurophysiological, and cognitive mechanisms, which eventually may explain the clinical outcome. One tacit assumption of these "deep rooting" approaches is that paradigms tap into common and representative aspects of the disorder. Here, we analyzed the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) of 121 schizophrenia patients and 75 controls. Using multiple signal processing methods, we extracted 194 EEG features. Sixty-nine out of the 194 EEG features showed a significant difference between patients and controls, indicating that these features detect an important aspect of schizophrenia. Surprisingly, the correlations between these features were very low. We discuss several explanations to our results and propose that complementing "deep" with "shallow" rooting approaches might help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gordillo
- Corresponding author: Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Eka Chkonia
- Department of Psychiatry, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Wei-Hsiang Lin
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ophélie Favrod
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brand
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics – Lisboa, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maya Roinishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
- Laboratory of Vision Physiology, Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lai AY, Bazzigaluppi P, Morrone CD, Hill ME, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J. Compromised Cortical-Hippocampal Network Function From Transient Hypertension: Linking Mid-Life Hypertension to Late Life Dementia Risk. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897206. [PMID: 35812238 PMCID: PMC9260147 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-life hypertension is a major risk factor for developing dementia later in life. While anti-hypertensive drugs restore normotension, dementia risk remains above baseline suggesting that brain damage sustained during transient hypertension is irreversible. The current study characterized a rat model of transient hypertension with an extended period of normotensive recovery: F344 rats were treated with L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 1 month to induce hypertension then allowed up to 4 months of recovery. With respect to cognitive deficits, comparison between 1 month and 4 months of recovery identified initial deficits in spatial memory that resolved by 4 months post-hypertension; contrastingly, loss of cognitive flexibility did not. The specific cells and brain regions underlying these cognitive deficits were investigated. Irreversible structural damage to the brain was observed in both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, with decreased blood vessel density, myelin and neuronal loss. We then measured theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling as a readout for network function, a potential link between the observed cognitive and pathological deficits. Four months after hypertension, we detected decreased theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling within each brain region and a concurrent increase in baseline connectivity between the two regions reflecting an attempt to maintain function that may account for the improvement in spatial memory. Our results demonstrate that connectivity between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is a vulnerable network affected by transient hypertension which is not rescued over time; thus demonstrating for the first time a mechanistic link between the long-term effects of transient hypertension and dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y. Lai
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron Y. Lai,
| | - Paolo Bazzigaluppi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary E. Hill
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wang J, Liu Q, Tian F, Zhou S, Parra MA, Wang H, Yu X. Disrupted Spatiotemporal Complexity of Resting-State Electroencephalogram Dynamics Is Associated With Adaptive and Maladaptive Rumination in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:829755. [PMID: 35615274 PMCID: PMC9125314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.829755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit abnormal rumination, including both adaptive and maladaptive forms. However, the neural substrates of rumination in depression remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that divergent spatiotemporal complexity of brain oscillations would be associated with the levels of rumination in MDD. We employed the multi-scale entropy (MSE), power and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) to estimate the complexity of rhythmic dynamics from the eye-closed high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) data in treatment-naive patients with MDD (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 22). The depressive, brooding, and reflective subscales of the Ruminative Response Scale were assessed. MDD patients showed higher MSE in timescales finer than 5 (cluster P = 0.038) and gamma power (cluster P = 0.034), as well as lower PAC values between alpha/low beta and gamma bands (cluster P = 0.002- 0.021). Higher reflective rumination in MDD was region-specifically associated with the more localized EEG dynamics, including the greater MSE in scales finer than 8 (cluster P = 0.008), power in gamma (cluster P = 0.018) and PAC in low beta-gamma (cluster P = 0.042), as well as weaker alpha-gamma PAC (cluster P = 0.016- 0.029). Besides, the depressive and brooding rumination in MDD showed the lack of correlations with global long-range EEG variables. Our findings support the disturbed neural communications and point to the spatial reorganization of brain networks in a timescale-dependent migration toward local during adaptive and maladaptive rumination in MDD. These findings may provide potential implications on probing and modulating dynamic neuronal fluctuations during the rumination in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mario Alfredo Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Huali Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Cao Y, Han C, Peng X, Su Z, Liu G, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang P, Dong W, Gao M, Sha S, Zhao X. Correlation Between Resting Theta Power and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:853994. [PMID: 35529780 PMCID: PMC9074816 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.853994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Objective measures of cognitive function may provide reliable neurobiomarkers for patients with schizophrenia. The goal of the current work is to explore the correlation between resting theta power and cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 23 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive evaluation and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for evaluation of clinical symptoms. EEGs were acquired in the resting state with closed and opened eyes. Between the two groups, we compared the relative theta power and examined their relationship with cognitive performance. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher theta power, both with eyes closed and open (P < 0.05). When the eyes were open, negative correlations were found in patients with schizophrenia between theta power in the central and parietal regions with processing speed scores, and between the theta power of the Pz electrode and verbal learning and reasoning and problem-solving scores (r ≥ −0.446). In the control group, theta power over the Fz electrode was negatively correlated with processing speed (r = −0.435). Conclusions Our findings showed that theta activity increased in certain brain regions during resting state in schizophrenia. Negative associations between resting theta power (increased) over the parietal-occipital regions with MCCB domains scores (decreased) suggest that altered theta activity can be used as a neurobiological indicator to predict cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Peng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ziyao Su
- Beijing Pinggu Hospital-Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Liu
- Beijing Pinggu Hospital-Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Beijing Pinggu Hospital-Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Beijing Pinggu Hospital-Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Dong
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Sha,
| | - Xixi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xixi Zhao,
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13
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Korda A, Ventouras E, Asvestas P, Toumaian M, Matsopoulos G, Smyrnis N. Convolutional neural network propagation on electroencephalographic scalograms for detection of schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 139:90-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Williams OOF, Coppolino M, Perreault ML. Sex differences in neuronal systems function and behaviour: beyond a single diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:625. [PMID: 34887388 PMCID: PMC8660826 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with functional brain alterations that underlie the expression of behaviour. Males are diagnosed up to four times more than females, and sex differences have been identified in memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and social communication. Unfortunately, there exists a lack of information on the sex-dependent mechanisms of ASD, as well as biological markers to distinguish sex-specific symptoms in ASD. This can often result in a standardized diagnosis for individuals across the spectrum, despite significant differences in the various ASD subtypes. Alterations in neuronal connectivity and oscillatory activity, such as is observed in ASD, are highly coupled to behavioural states. Yet, despite the well-identified sexual dimorphisms that exist in ASD, these functional patterns have rarely been analyzed in the context of sex differences or symptomology. This review summarizes alterations in neuronal oscillatory function in ASD, discusses the age, region, symptom and sex-specific differences that are currently observed across the spectrum, and potential targets for regulating neuronal oscillatory activity in ASD. The need to identify sex-specific biomarkers, in order to facilitate specific diagnostic criteria and allow for more targeted therapeutic approaches for ASD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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15
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Azizi S, Hier DB, Wunsch DC. Schizophrenia Classification Using Resting State EEG Functional Connectivity: Source Level Outperforms Sensor Level. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1770-1773. [PMID: 34891630 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted functional and structural connectivity measures have been used to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. Classification methods based on functional connectivity derived from EEG signals are limited by the volume conduction problem. Recorded time series at scalp electrodes capture a mixture of common sources signals, resulting in spurious connections. We have transformed sensor level resting state EEG times series to source level EEG signals utilizing a source reconstruction method. Functional connectivity networks were calculated by computing phase lag values between brain regions at both the sensor and source level. Brain complex network analysis was used to extract features and the best features were selected by a feature selection method. A logistic regression classifier was used to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls at five different frequency bands. The best classifier performance was based on connectivity measures derived from the source space and the theta band.The transformation of scalp EEG signals to source signals combined with functional connectivity analysis may provide superior features for machine learning applications.
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16
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Speers LJ, Bilkey DK. Disorganization of Oscillatory Activity in Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:741767. [PMID: 34675780 PMCID: PMC8523827 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.741767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with diverse symptomatology, including disorganized cognition and behavior. Despite considerable research effort, we have only a limited understanding of the underlying brain dysfunction. In this article, we review the potential role of oscillatory circuits in the disorder with a particular focus on the hippocampus, a region that encodes sequential information across time and space, as well as the frontal cortex. Several mechanistic explanations of schizophrenia propose that a loss of oscillatory synchrony between and within these brain regions may underlie some of the symptoms of the disorder. We describe how these oscillations are affected in several animal models of schizophrenia, including models of genetic risk, maternal immune activation (MIA) models, and models of NMDA receptor hypofunction. We then critically discuss the evidence for disorganized oscillatory activity in these models, with a focus on gamma, sharp wave ripple, and theta activity, including the role of cross-frequency coupling as a synchronizing mechanism. Finally, we focus on phase precession, which is an oscillatory phenomenon whereby individual hippocampal place cells systematically advance their firing phase against the background theta oscillation. Phase precession is important because it allows sequential experience to be compressed into a single 120 ms theta cycle (known as a 'theta sequence'). This time window is appropriate for the induction of synaptic plasticity. We describe how disruption of phase precession could disorganize sequential processing, and thereby disrupt the ordered storage of information. A similar dysfunction in schizophrenia may contribute to cognitive symptoms, including deficits in episodic memory, working memory, and future planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Chang Q, Li C, Tian Q, Bo Q, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Wang C. Classification of First-Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia and Healthy Control Based on Brain Network of Mismatch Negativity by Graph Neural Network. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:1784-1794. [PMID: 34406943 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been consistently found deficit in schizophrenia, which was considered as a promising biomarker for assessing the impairments in pre-attentive auditory processing. However, the functional connectivity between brain regions based on MMN is not clear. This study provides an in-depth investigation in brain functional connectivity during MMN process among patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ), chronic schizophrenia (CSZ) and healthy control (HC). Electroencephalography (EEG) data of 128 channels is recorded during frequency and duration MMN in 40 FESZ, 40 CSZ patients and 40 matched HC subjects. We reconstruct the cortical endogenous electrical activity from EEG recordings using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography and build functional brain networks based on source-level EEG data. Then, graph-theoretic features are extracted from the brain networks with the support vector machine (SVM) to classify FESZ, CSZ and HC groups, since the SVM has good generalization ability and robustness as a universally applicable nonlinear classifier. Furthermore, we introduce the graph neural network (GNN) model to directly learn for the network topology of brain network. Compared to HC, the damaged brain areas of CSZ are more extensive than FESZ, and the damaged area involved the auditory cortex. These results demonstrate the heterogeneity of the impacts of schizophrenia for different disease courses and the association between MMN and the auditory cortex. More importantly, the GNN classification results are significantly better than those of SVM, and hence the EEG-based GNN model of brain networks provides an effective method for discriminating among FESZ, CSZ and HC groups.
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18
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Dimitriadis SI. Reconfiguration of αmplitude driven dominant coupling modes (DoCM) mediated by α-band in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110073. [PMID: 32805332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) based biomarkers have been shown to correlate with the presence of psychotic disorders. Increased delta and decreased alpha power in psychosis indicate an abnormal arousal state. We investigated brain activity across the basic EEG frequencies and also dynamic functional connectivity of both intra and cross-frequency coupling that could reveal a neurophysiological biomarker linked to an aberrant modulating role of alpha frequency in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). A dynamic functional connectivity graph (DFCG) has been estimated using the imaginary part of phase lag value (iPLV) and correlation of the envelope (corrEnv). We analyzed DFCG profiles of electroencephalographic resting state (eyes closed) recordings of healthy controls (HC) (n = 39) and SSDs subjects (n = 45) in basic frequency bands {δ,θ,α1,α2,β1,β2,γ}. In our analysis, we incorporated both intra and cross-frequency coupling modes. Adopting our recent Dominant Coupling Mode (DοCM) model leads to the construction of an integrated DFCG (iDFCG) that encapsulates the functional strength and the DοCM of every pair of brain areas. We revealed significantly higher ratios of delta/alpha1,2 power spectrum in SSDs subjects versus HC. The probability distribution (PD) of amplitude driven DoCM mediated by alpha frequency differentiated SSDs from HC with absolute accuracy (100%). The network Flexibility Index (FI) was significantly lower for subjects with SSDs compared to the HC group. Our analysis supports the central role of alpha frequency alterations in the neurophysiological mechanisms of SSDs. Currents findings open up new diagnostic pathways to clinical detection of SSDs and support the design of rational neurofeedback training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroinformatics Group, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences,Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences,Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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19
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Zhao Z, Li J, Niu Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Yuan Q, Ren Q, Xu Y, Yu Y. Classification of Schizophrenia by Combination of Brain Effective and Functional Connectivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:651439. [PMID: 34149345 PMCID: PMC8209471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.651439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, lots of studies have tried to apply machine learning to different electroencephalography (EEG) measures for diagnosing schizophrenia (SZ) patients. However, most EEG measures previously used are either a univariate measure or a single type of brain connectivity, which may not fully capture the abnormal brain changes of SZ patients. In this paper, event-related potentials were collected from 45 SZ patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) during a learning task, and then a combination of partial directed coherence (PDC) effective and phase lag index (PLI) functional connectivity were used as features to train a support vector machine classifier with leave-one-out cross-validation for classification of SZ from HCs. Our results indicated that an excellent classification performance (accuracy = 95.16%, specificity = 94.44%, and sensitivity = 96.15%) was obtained when the combination of functional and effective connectivity features was used, and the corresponding optimal feature number was 15, which included 12 PDC and three PLI connectivity features. The selected effective connectivity features were mainly located between the frontal/temporal/central and visual/parietal lobes, and the selected functional connectivity features were mainly located between the frontal/temporal and visual cortexes of the right hemisphere. In addition, most of the selected effective connectivity abnormally enhanced in SZ patients compared with HCs, whereas all the selected functional connectivity features decreased in SZ patients. The above results showed that our proposed method has great potential to become a tool for the auxiliary diagnosis of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongya Zhao
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of International Education, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanxiang Niu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingli Yuan
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qiongqiong Ren
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang city, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China
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20
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Bianciardi B, Uhlhaas PJ. Do NMDA-R antagonists re-create patterns of spontaneous gamma-band activity in schizophrenia? A systematic review and perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:308-323. [PMID: 33581223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NMDA-R hypofunctioninig is a core pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether the physiological changes observed following NMDA-R antagonist administration are consistent with gamma-band alterations in schizophrenia. This systematic review examined the effects of NMDA-R antagonists on the amplitude of spontaneous gamma-band activity and functional connectivity obtained from preclinical (n = 24) and human (n = 9) studies and compared these data to resting-state EEG/MEG-measurements in schizophrenia patients (n = 27). Overall, the majority of preclinical and human studies observed increased gamma-band power following acute administration of NMDA-R antagonists. However, the direction of gamma-band power alterations in schizophrenia were inconsistent, which involved upregulation (n = 10), decreases (n = 7), and no changes (n = 8) in spectral power. Five out of 6 preclinical studies observed increased connectivity, while in healthy controls receiving Ketamine and in schizophrenia patients the direction of connectivity results was also inconsistent. Accordingly, the effects of NMDA-R hypofunctioning on gamma-band oscillations are different than pathophysiological signatures observed in schizophrenia. The implications of these findings for current E/I balance models of schizophrenia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianciardi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Elyamany O, Leicht G, Herrmann CS, Mulert C. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:135-156. [PMID: 33211157 PMCID: PMC7867505 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a unique form of non-invasive brain stimulation. Sinusoidal alternating electric currents are delivered to the scalp to affect mostly cortical neurons. tACS is supposed to modulate brain function and, in turn, cognitive processes by entraining brain oscillations and inducing long-term synaptic plasticity. Therefore, tACS has been investigated in cognitive neuroscience, but only recently, it has been also introduced in psychiatric clinical trials. This review describes current concepts and first findings of applying tACS as a potential therapeutic tool in the field of psychiatry. The current understanding of its mechanisms of action is explained, bridging cellular neuronal activity and the brain network mechanism. Revisiting the relevance of altered brain oscillations found in six major psychiatric disorders, putative targets for the management of mental disorders using tACS are discussed. A systematic literature search on PubMed was conducted to report findings of the clinical studies applying tACS in patients with psychiatric conditions. In conclusion, the initial results may support the feasibility of tACS in clinical psychiatric populations without serious adverse events. Moreover, these results showed the ability of tACS to reset disturbed brain oscillations, and thus to improve behavioural outcomes. In addition to its potential therapeutic role, the reactivity of the brain circuits to tACS could serve as a possible tool to determine the diagnosis, classification or prognosis of psychiatric disorders. Future double-blind randomised controlled trials are necessary to answer currently unresolved questions. They may aim to detect response predictors and control for various confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Elyamany
- Centre of Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Centre for Mind, Brain and Behaviour (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Centre for Excellence "Hearing4all," European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Centre of Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
- Centre for Mind, Brain and Behaviour (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany.
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22
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Mucci A. EEG-Based Measures in At-Risk Mental State and Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:653642. [PMID: 34017273 PMCID: PMC8129021 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electrophysiological (EEG) abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia have been largely reported. In the last decades, research has shifted to the identification of electrophysiological alterations in the prodromal and early phases of the disorder, focusing on the prediction of clinical and functional outcome. The identification of neuronal aberrations in subjects with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and in those at ultra high-risk (UHR) or clinical high-risk (CHR) to develop a psychosis is crucial to implement adequate interventions, reduce the rate of transition to psychosis, as well as the risk of irreversible functioning impairment. The aim of the review is to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the electrophysiological findings in the at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic review of English articles using Pubmed, Scopus, and PsychINFO was undertaken in July 2020. Additional studies were identified by hand-search. Electrophysiological studies that included at least one group of FEP or subjects at risk to develop psychosis, compared to healthy controls (HCs), were considered. The heterogeneity of the studies prevented a quantitative synthesis. Results: Out of 319 records screened, 133 studies were included in a final qualitative synthesis. Included studies were mainly carried out using frequency analysis, microstates and event-related potentials. The most common findings included an increase in delta and gamma power, an impairment in sensory gating assessed through P50 and N100 and a reduction of Mismatch Negativity and P300 amplitude in at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia. Progressive changes in some of these electrophysiological measures were associated with transition to psychosis and disease course. Heterogeneous data have been reported for indices evaluating synchrony, connectivity, and evoked-responses in different frequency bands. Conclusions: Multiple EEG-indices were altered during at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia, supporting the hypothesis that cerebral network dysfunctions appear already before the onset of the disorder. Some of these alterations demonstrated association with transition to psychosis or poor functional outcome. However, heterogeneity in subjects' inclusion criteria, clinical measures and electrophysiological methods prevents drawing solid conclusions. Large prospective studies are needed to consolidate findings concerning electrophysiological markers of clinical and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Brando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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23
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Curic S, Andreou C, Nolte G, Steinmann S, Thiebes S, Polomac N, Haaf M, Rauh J, Leicht G, Mulert C. Ketamine Alters Functional Gamma and Theta Resting-State Connectivity in Healthy Humans: Implications for Schizophrenia Treatment Targeting the Glutamate System. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:671007. [PMID: 34177660 PMCID: PMC8222814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed functional connectivity is assumed to cause neurocognitive deficits in patients suffering from schizophrenia. A Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying altered connectivity in schizophrenia, especially in the gamma- and theta-frequency range. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the NMDAR-antagonist ketamine on resting-state power, functional connectivity, and schizophrenia-like psychopathological changes in healthy volunteers. In a placebo-controlled crossover design, 25 healthy subjects were recorded using resting-state 64-channel-electroencephalography (EEG) (eyes closed). The imaginary coherence-based Multivariate Interaction Measure (MIM) was used to measure gamma and theta connectivity across 80 cortical regions. The network-based statistic was applied to identify involved networks under ketamine. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC). Ketamine caused an increase in all PANSS (p < 0.001) as well as 5D-ASC scores (p < 0.01). Significant increases in resting-state gamma and theta power were observed under ketamine compared to placebo (p < 0.05). The source-space analysis revealed two distinct networks with an increased mean functional gamma- or theta-band connectivity during the ketamine session. The gamma-network consisted of midline regions, the cuneus, the precuneus, and the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices, while the theta-band network involved the Heschl gyrus, midline regions, the insula, and the middle cingulate cortex. The current source density (CSD) within the gamma-band correlated negatively with the PANSS negative symptom score, and the activity within the gamma-band network correlated negatively with the subjective changed meaning of percepts subscale of the 5D-ASC. These results are in line with resting-state patterns seen in people who have schizophrenia and argue for a crucial role of the glutamate system in mediating dysfunctional gamma- and theta-band-connectivity in schizophrenia. Resting-state networks could serve as biomarkers for the response to glutamatergic drugs or drug development efforts within the glutamate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Curic
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Guido Nolte
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nenad Polomac
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Haaf
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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de la Salle S, Choueiry J, Shah D, Bowers H, McIntosh J, Ilivitsky V, Carroll B, Knott V. Resting-state functional EEG connectivity in salience and default mode networks and their relationship to dissociative symptoms during NMDA receptor antagonism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 201:173092. [PMID: 33385439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists administered to healthy humans results in schizophrenia-like symptoms, which are thought in part to be related to glutamatergically altered electrophysiological connectivity in large-scale intrinsic functional brain networks. Here, we examine resting-state source electroencephalographic (EEG) connectivity within and between the default mode (DMN: for self-related cognitive activity) and salience networks (SN: for detection of salient stimuli in internal and external environments) in 21 healthy volunteers administered a subanesthetic dose of the dissociative anesthetic and NMDAR antagonist, ketamine. In addition to provoking symptoms of dissociation, which are thought to originate from an altered sense of self that is common to schizophrenia, ketamine induces frequency-dependent increases and decreases in connectivity within and between DMN and SN. These altered interactive network couplings together with emergent dissociative symptoms tentatively support an NMDAR-hypofunction hypothesis of disturbed electrophysiologic connectivity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Judy McIntosh
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vadim Ilivitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brooke Carroll
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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25
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Chini M, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Prefrontal Cortex Development in Health and Disease: Lessons from Rodents and Humans. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:227-240. [PMID: 33246578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) takes center stage among unanswered questions in modern neuroscience. The PFC has a Janus-faced nature: it enables sophisticated cognitive and social abilities that reach their maximum expression in humans, yet it underlies some of the devastating symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, appropriate prefrontal development is crucial for many high-order cognitive abilities and dysregulation of this process has been linked to various neuropsychiatric diseases. Reviewing recent advances in the field, with a primary focus on rodents and humans, we highlight why, despite differences across species, a cross-species approach is a fruitful strategy for understanding prefrontal development. We briefly review the developmental contribution of molecules and extensively discuss how electrical activity controls the early maturation and wiring of prefrontal areas, as well as the emergence and refinement of input-output circuitry involved in cognitive processing. Finally, we highlight the mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and their relevance for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Chini
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Bartz S, Andreou C, Nolte G. Beyond Pairwise Interactions: The Totally Antisymmetric Part of the Bispectrum as Coupling Measure of at Least Three Interacting Sources. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:573750. [PMID: 33209103 PMCID: PMC7649187 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.573750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we make two contributions to the analysis of brain oscillations with CFC techniques. First, we introduce a new bispectral CFC measure which is selective to couplings between three or more brain sources. This measure can be derived from ordinary cross-bispectra by performing a total-antisymmetrization operation on them. Significant coupling values can then be attributed to at least three interacting signals. This selectivity to the number of sources can be helpful to test hypotheses on the number of brain sources involved in the generation of commonly observed brain oscillations, such as the alpha rhythm. In a second step we present the correct empirical distribution for the coupling measure, which is necessary to properly assess the significance of coupling results. More importantly however, this corrected statistic is not limited to our particular measure, but holds for all complex-valued coupling estimators. We illustrate how the very common misassumption of empirical normality of such estimators can lead to a systematic underestimation of p-values, the breakdown of multiple comparison control procedures and in consequence a drastic inflation of the number of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bartz
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Guido Nolte
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Mackintosh AJ, de Bock R, Lim Z, Trulley VN, Schmidt A, Borgwardt S, Andreou C. Psychotic disorders, dopaminergic agents and EEG/MEG resting-state functional connectivity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:354-371. [PMID: 33171145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both dysconnectivity and dopamine hypotheses are two well researched pathophysiological models of psychosis. However, little is known about the association of dopamine dysregulation with brain functional connectivity in psychotic disorders, specifically through the administration of antipsychotic medication. In this systematic review, we summarize the existing evidence on the association of dopaminergic effects with electro- and magnetoencephalographic (EEG/MEG) resting-state brain functional connectivity assessed by sensor- as well as source-level measures. A wide heterogeneity of results was found amongst the 20 included studies with increased and decreased functional connectivity in medicated psychosis patients vs. healthy controls in widespread brain areas across all frequency bands. No systematic difference in results was seen between studies with medicated and those with unmedicated psychosis patients and very few studies directly investigated the effect of dopamine agents with a pre-post design. The reported evidence clearly calls for longitudinal EEG and MEG studies with large participant samples to directly explore the association of antipsychotic medication effects with neural network changes over time during illness progression and to ultimately support the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amatya Johanna Mackintosh
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renate de Bock
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zehwi Lim
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie-Noelle Trulley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 60/62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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28
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Kilciksiz CM, Keefe R, Benoit J, Öngür D, Torous J. Verbal memory measurement towards digital perspectives in first-episode psychosis: A review. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 21:100177. [PMID: 32322540 PMCID: PMC7163058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even in the early phases of psychotic spectrum illnesses such as schizophrenia, patients can experience cognitive decline or deficits prior to the onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. In this systematic review, we assessed which verbal memory assessments are most widely used in first-episode psychosis and may be applied via digital technologies (smartphone applications, etc.) for use in early detection. METHODS In November 2019, we searched for studies measuring verbal memory in first episode psychosis or schizophrenia over the past 10 years on PubMed and PsycINFO. We screened abstracts of these studies and excluded review studies. Full-texts of included studies were used to identify the verbal memory measurement tests, follow-up frequencies, and sample sizes. RESULTS We screened 233 reports and found that 120 original research studies measured verbal memory in first episode psychosis over the past 10 years. Four of these studies specified using a computer, 24 (20%) used a paper-pen format, 1(1%) used both, and 91 (76%) studies did not specify their administration tools or suggest there were offered in digital formats. Thirty-five (30%) studies had follow-up measurements of verbal memory, while 85 (70%) had only a single verbal memory measurement. DISCUSSION While many scales are commonly used to measure verbal memory in first episode psychosis, they are not often administered via digital technology. There is an emerging opportunity to administer these and other tests via digital technologies for expanding access to early detection of cognitive decline in clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Mişel Kilciksiz
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard Keefe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - James Benoit
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - John Torous
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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29
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Resting-state hyperconnectivity within the default mode network impedes the ability to initiate cognitive performance in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109959. [PMID: 32376341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among multiple cognitive impairments present in schizophrenia, a decline in fast information processing is one of the most severe neuropsychological deficit. Reduced ability to efficiently launch a coherent cognitive activity might be a significant factor contributing to poor results in time-limited tasks obtained by schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to identify neurophysiological predictors of expected cognitive initiation failures in a group of first-episode schizophrenia individuals (SZ). To evaluate the effectiveness of initiation, a dynamic analysis of design fluency test was applied, assessing to what extent the productivity was focused within the first interval of the performance, what is a typical way healthy subjects execute this task. Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from SZ patients (n = 34) and controls (n = 30) to examine functional connectivity between 84 intra-cortical current sources determined by eLORETA (exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) for six conventionally analyzed frequencies. The nonparametric randomization approach was used to identify hypo- and hyper-connections, i.e. synchronizations significantly differentiating the studied samples in terms of connectivity strength. Generally, SZ patients obtained poor outcomes in fluency test and dynamic analysis of performance confirmed the presence of initiation deficit in clinical sample, which was a single factor explaining the intergroup difference regarding the entire task. In the majority of frequencies, the arrangement of synchronizations in SZ group was dominated by hypo-connections, except for the theta band, in which the strength of synchronizations between posterior cingulate cortex, cuneus and precuneus was significantly higher for SZ group. These theta-band hyper-connections turned out to be significant predictors of cognitive initiation failure in the clinical sample. Additionally, theta hyper-connections correlated negatively with the total number of unique designs generated by patients, however, the strength of this correlation was weaker than regarding initiation index. The results of this study suggest that baseline hyperconnectivity within the posterior hub of the Default Mode Network, containing posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, might disturb effective cognitive outcome, not only by interfering with task-positive functional networks but also by delaying the starting phase of performance, which might be specifically deleterious for the execution of time-limited tests.
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30
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Adams RA, Bush D, Zheng F, Meyer SS, Kaplan R, Orfanos S, Marques TR, Howes OD, Burgess N. Impaired theta phase coupling underlies frontotemporal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Brain 2020; 143:1261-1277. [PMID: 32236540 PMCID: PMC7174039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dysconnectivity is a key pathology in schizophrenia. The specific nature of this dysconnectivity is unknown, but animal models imply dysfunctional theta phase coupling between hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We tested this hypothesis by examining neural dynamics in 18 participants with a schizophrenia diagnosis, both medicated and unmedicated; and 26 age, sex and IQ matched control subjects. All participants completed two tasks known to elicit hippocampal-prefrontal theta coupling: a spatial memory task (during magnetoencephalography) and a memory integration task. In addition, an overlapping group of 33 schizophrenia and 29 control subjects underwent PET to measure the availability of GABAARs expressing the α5 subunit (concentrated on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons). We demonstrate-in the spatial memory task, during memory recall-that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in schizophrenia, as is theta phase coupling between mPFC and mTL. Importantly, the latter cannot be explained by theta power changes, head movement, antipsychotics, cannabis use, or IQ, and is not found in other frequency bands. Moreover, mPFC-mTL theta coupling correlated strongly with performance in controls, but not in subjects with schizophrenia, who were mildly impaired at the spatial memory task and no better than chance on the memory integration task. Finally, mTL regions showing reduced phase coupling in schizophrenia magnetoencephalography participants overlapped substantially with areas of diminished α5-GABAAR availability in the wider schizophrenia PET sample. These results indicate that mPFC-mTL dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is due to a loss of theta phase coupling, and imply α5-GABAARs (and the cells that express them) have a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.,Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 10-12 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5EH, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Sofie S Meyer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raphael Kaplan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stelios Orfanos
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield University Hospital, 61 Glenburnie Rd, London SW17 7DJ, UK.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Hu DK, Li LY, Lopour BA, Martin EA. Schizotypy dimensions are associated with altered resting state alpha connectivity. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:175-183. [PMID: 32599002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia says that symptoms are explained by dysfunctional connections across a wide range of brain networks. Despite some support for this hypothesis, there have been mixed findings. One reason for these may be the multidimensional nature of schizophrenia symptoms. In order to clarify the relationship between symptoms and brain networks, the current study included individuals at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who either report extreme levels of positive schizotypy traits (perceptual aberrations and magical ideation, or "PerMag"; n = 23), or an extreme negative schizotypy trait (social anhedonia, or "SocAnh"; n = 19), as well as a control group (n = 18). Resting-state alpha electroencephalography was collected, and functional networks for each subject were measured using the phase-lag index to calculate the connectivity between channel pairs based on the symmetry of instantaneous phase differences over time. Furthermore, graph theory measures were introduced to identify network features exclusive to schizotypy groups. We found that the PerMag group exhibited a smaller difference in node strength and clustering coefficient in frontal/occipital and central/occipital regional comparisons compared to controls, suggesting a more widespread network. The SocAnh group exhibited a larger difference in degree in the central/occipital regional comparison relative to controls, suggesting a localized occipital focus in the connectivity network. Regional differences in functional connectivity suggest that different schizotypy dimensions are manifested at the network level by different forms of disconnections. Taken together, these findings lend further support to the disconnection hypothesis and suggest that altered connectivity networks may serve as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lilian Y Li
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Beth A Lopour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Zhao Z, Wang C, Yuan Q, Zhao J, Ren Q, Xu Y, Li J, Yu Y. Dynamic changes of brain networks during feedback-related processing of reinforcement learning in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2020; 1746:146979. [PMID: 32544500 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that schizophrenia (SZ) patients showed selective reinforcement learning deficits and abnormal feedback-related event-related potential (ERP) components. However, how the brain networks and their topological properties evolve over time during transient feedback-related cognition processing in SZ patients has not been investigated so far. In this paper, using publicly available feedback-related ERP data which were recorded from SZ patients and healthy controls (HC) when they performed a reinforcement learning task, we carried out an event-related network analysis where topology of brain functional networks was characterized with some graph measures including clustering coefficient (C), global efficiency (Eglobal) and local efficiency (Elocal) on a millisecond timescale. Our results showed that the brain functional networks displayed rapid rearrangements of topological properties during transient feedback-related cognition process for both two groups. More importantly, we found that SZ patients exhibited significantly reduced theta-band (time window of 170-350 ms after stimuli onset) brain functional connectivity strength, Eglobal, Elocal and C in response to negative feedback stimuli compared to HC group. The network based statistic (NBS) analysis detected one significantly decreased theta-band subnetwork in SZ patients mainly involving in frontal-occipital and temporal-occipital connections compared to HC group. In addition, clozapine treatment seemed to greatly reduce theta-band power and topological measures of brain networks in SZ patients. Finally, the theta-band power, graph measures and functional connectivity were extracted to train a support vector machine classifier for classification of HC from SZ, or Cloz + SZ or Cloz- SZ, and a relatively good classification accuracy of 84.48%, 89.47% and 78.26% was obtained, respectively. The above results suggested a less optimal organization of theta-band brain network in SZ patients, and studying the topological parameters of brain networks evolve over time during transient feedback-related processing could be useful for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning deficits in SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongya Zhao
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China.
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Qingli Yuan
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Qiongqiong Ren
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Research, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang 453003, PR China.
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33
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Structural and functional imaging markers for susceptibility to psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 32066828 PMCID: PMC7577836 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of clinical criteria for the operationalization of psychosis high risk provided a basis for early detection and treatment of vulnerable individuals. However, about two-thirds of people meeting clinical high-risk (CHR) criteria will never develop a psychotic disorder. In the effort to increase prognostic precision, structural and functional neuroimaging have received growing attention as a potentially useful resource in the prediction of psychotic transition in CHR patients. The present review summarizes current research on neuroimaging biomarkers in the CHR state, with a particular focus on their prognostic utility and limitations. Large, multimodal/multicenter studies are warranted to address issues important for clinical applicability such as generalizability and replicability, standardization of clinical definitions and neuroimaging methods, and consideration of contextual factors (e.g., age, comorbidity).
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Koshiyama D, Miyakoshi M, Tanaka-Koshiyama K, Joshi YB, Molina JL, Sprock J, Braff DL, Light GA. Neurophysiologic Characterization of Resting State Connectivity Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:608154. [PMID: 33329160 PMCID: PMC7729083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal spontaneous oscillatory activity in scalp-level electroencephalographic (EEG) responses across multiple frequency bands. While oscillations play an essential role in the transmission of information across neural networks, few studies have assessed the frequency-specific dynamics across cortical source networks at rest. Identification of the neural sources and their dynamic interactions may improve our understanding of core pathophysiologic abnormalities associated with the neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: A novel multivector autoregressive modeling approach for assessing effective connectivity among cortical sources was developed and applied to resting-state EEG recordings obtained from n = 139 schizophrenia patients and n = 126 healthy comparison subjects. Results: Two primary abnormalities in resting-state networks were detected in schizophrenia patients. The first network involved the middle frontal and fusiform gyri and a region near the calcarine sulcus. The second network involved the cingulate gyrus and the Rolandic operculum (a region that includes the auditory cortex). Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients show widespread patterns of hyper-connectivity across a distributed network of the frontal, temporal, and occipital brain regions. Results highlight a novel approach for characterizing alterations in connectivity in the neuropsychiatric patient populations. Further mechanistic characterization of network functioning is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Yash B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joyce Sprock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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35
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Chang Q, Liu M, Tian Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang C. EEG-Based Brain Functional Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients, Ultra-High-Risk Individuals, and Healthy Controls During P50 Suppression. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:379. [PMID: 31803031 PMCID: PMC6870009 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional processing of auditory sensory gating has generally been found in schizophrenic patients and ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences of functional interaction between brain regions and performance during the P50 sensory gating in UHR group compared with those in first-episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ) and healthy controls (HC) groups. The study included 128-channel scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during the P50 auditory paradigm for 35 unmedicated FESZ, 30 drug-free UHR, and 40 HC. Cortical sources of scalp electrical activity were recomputed using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), and functional brain networks were built at the source level and compared between the groups (FESZ, UHR, HC). A classifier using decision tree was designed for differentiating the three groups, which uses demographic characteristics, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery parameters, behavioral features in P50 paradigm, and the measures of functional brain networks based on graph theory during P50 sensory gating. The results showed that very few brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and UHR groups during P50 sensory gating, and that a large number of brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and HC groups and between UHR and HC groups. Furthermore, the FESZ group had a stronger connection in the right superior frontal gyrus and right insula than the HC group. And the UHR group had an enhanced connection in the paracentral lobule and the middle temporal gyrus compared with the HC group. Moreover, comparison of classification analysis results showed that brain network metrics during P50 sensory gating can improve the accuracy of the classification for FESZ, UHR and HC groups. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of P50 suppression in schizophrenia and could potentially improve the performance of early identification and diagnosis of schizophrenia for the earliest intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Murphy M, Stickgold R, Öngür D. Electroencephalogram Microstate Abnormalities in Early-Course Psychosis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:35-44. [PMID: 31543456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microstates are periods of characteristic electroencephalographic signal topography that are related to activity in brain networks. Previous work has identified abnormal microstate parameters in individuals with psychotic disorders. We combined microstate analysis with sample entropy analysis to study the dynamics of resting-state networks in patients with early-course psychosis. METHODS We used microstate analysis to transform resting-state high-density electroencephalography data from 22 patients with early-course psychosis and 22 healthy control subjects into sequences of characteristic scalp topographies. Sample entropy was used to calculate the complexity of microstate sequences across a range of template lengths. RESULTS Patients and control subjects produced similar sets of 4 microstates that agree with a widely reported canonical set (A, B, C, and D). Relative to control subjects, patients had decreased frequency of microstate A. In control subjects, sample entropy decreased as template length increased, suggesting that sequence of microstate transitions is self-similar across multiple transitions. In patients, sample entropy did not decrease, suggesting a lack of self-similarity in transition sequences. This finding was unrelated to data length or microstate topography. Entropy was elevated in unmedicated patients, and it decreased in patients who were administered medication. We identified patterns of transitions between microstates that were overrepresented in control data compared with representation in patient data. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with early-course psychosis have abnormally chaotic transitions between brain networks. This chaos may reflect an underlying abnormality in allocating neural resources and effecting appropriate transitions between distinct activity states in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
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37
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Bygrave AM, Jahans-Price T, Wolff AR, Sprengel R, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Hippocampal-prefrontal coherence mediates working memory and selective attention at distinct frequency bands and provides a causal link between schizophrenia and its risk gene GRIA1. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:142. [PMID: 31000699 PMCID: PMC6472369 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fronto-temporal theta coherence and failure of its stimulus-specific modulation have been reported in schizophrenia, but the psychological correlates and underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Mice lacking the putative schizophrenia risk gene GRIA1 (Gria1-/-), which encodes GLUA1, show strongly impaired spatial working memory and elevated selective attention owing to a deficit in stimulus-specific short-term habituation. A failure of short-term habituation has been suggested to cause an aberrant assignment of salience and thereby psychosis in schizophrenia. We recorded hippocampal-prefrontal coherence while assessing spatial working memory and short-term habituation in these animals, wildtype (WT) controls, and Gria1-/- mice in which GLUA1 expression was restored in hippocampal subfields CA2 and CA3. We found that beta (20-30 Hz) and low-gamma (30-48 Hz) frequency coherence could predict working memory performance, whereas-surprisingly-theta (6-12 Hz) coherence was unrelated to performance and largely unaffected by genotype in this task. In contrast, in novel environments, theta coherence specifically tracked exploration-related attention in WT mice, but was strongly elevated and unmodulated in Gria1-knockouts, thereby correlating with impaired short-term habituation. Strikingly, reintroduction of GLUA1 selectively into CA2/CA3 restored abnormal short-term habituation, theta coherence, and hippocampal and prefrontal theta oscillations. Although local oscillations and coherence in other frequency bands (beta, gamma), and theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling also showed dependence on GLUA1, none of them correlated with short-term habituation. Therefore, sustained elevation of hippocampal-prefrontal theta coherence may underlie a failure in regulating novelty-related selective attention leading to aberrant salience, and thereby represents a mechanistic link between GRIA1 and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M. Bygrave
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas Jahans-Price
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy R. Wolff
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- 0000 0001 2202 0959grid.414703.5Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany ,0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitri M. Kullmann
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Bannerman
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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38
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D'Andrea A, Chella F, Marshall TR, Pizzella V, Romani GL, Jensen O, Marzetti L. Alpha and alpha-beta phase synchronization mediate the recruitment of the visuospatial attention network through the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus. Neuroimage 2019; 188:722-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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39
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Liu T, Zhang J, Dong X, Li Z, Shi X, Tong Y, Yang R, Wu J, Wang C, Yan T. Occipital Alpha Connectivity During Resting-State Electroencephalography in Patients With Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 31474882 PMCID: PMC6706463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients always show cognitive impairment, which is proved to be related to hypo-connectivity or hyper-connectivity. Further, individuals with an ultra-high risk for psychosis also show abnormal functional connectivity-related cognitive impairment, especially in the alpha rhythm. Thus, the identification of functional networks is essential to our understanding of the disorder. We investigated the resting-state functional connectivity of the alpha rhythm measured by electroencephalography (EEG) to reveal the relation between functional network and clinical symptoms. The participants included 28 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 28 individuals with ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and 28 healthy controls (HC). After the professional clinical symptoms evaluation, all the participants were instructed to keep eyes closed for 3-min resting-state EEG recording. The 3-min EEG data were segmented into artefact-free epochs (the length was 3 s), and the functional connectivity of the alpha phase was estimated using the phase lag index (PLI), which measures the phase differences of EEG signals. The FES and UHR groups displayed increased resting-state PLI connectivity compared with the HC group [F(2,74) = 10.804, p < 0.001]. Significant increases in the global efficiency, the local efficiency, and the path length were found in the FES and UHR groups compared with those of the HC group. FES and UHR showed an increased degree of connectivity compared with HC. The degree of the left occipital lobe area was higher in the UHR group than in the FES group. The hypothesis of disconnection is confirmed. Furthermore, differences between the UHR and FES group were found, which is valuable for producing clinical significance before the onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhucheng Li
- College of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaorui Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Tong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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40
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Bygrave AM, Kilonzo K, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Can N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Schizophrenia Be Localized to an Individual Cell Type? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31824347 PMCID: PMC6881463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs), whether caused by endogenous factors like auto-antibodies or mutations, or by pharmacological or genetic manipulations, produces a wide variety of deficits which overlap with-but do not precisely match-the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia. In order to understand how NMDAR hypofunction leads to different components of the syndrome, it is necessary to take into account which neuronal subtypes are particularly affected by it in terms of detrimental functional alterations. We provide a comprehensive overview detailing findings in rodent models with cell type-specific knockout of NMDARs. Regarding inhibitory cortical cells, an emerging model suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons is a potential risk factor for this disease. PV interneurons display a selective vulnerability resulting from a combination of genetic, cellular, and environmental factors that produce pathological multi-level positive feedback loops. Central to this are two antioxidant mechanisms-NMDAR activity and perineuronal nets-which are themselves impaired by oxidative stress, amplifying disinhibition. However, NMDAR hypofunction in excitatory pyramidal cells also produces a range of schizophrenia-related deficits, in particular maladaptive learning and memory recall. Furthermore, NMDAR blockade in the thalamus disturbs thalamocortical communication, and NMDAR ablation in dopaminergic neurons may provoke over-generalization in associative learning, which could relate to the positive symptom domain. Therefore, NMDAR hypofunction can produce schizophrenia-related effects through an action on various different circuits and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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41
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Altered Small-World Networks in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients during Cool Executive Function Task. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:2191208. [PMID: 30254708 PMCID: PMC6145160 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2191208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, little is known about brain functional connectivity and its small-world topologic properties in first-episode schizophrenia (SZ) patients during cool executive function task. In this paper, the Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B) task was used to evaluate the cool executive function of first-episode SZ patients and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from 14 first-episode SZ patients and 14 healthy controls during this cool executive function task. Brain functional connectivity between all pairs of EEG channels was constructed based on mutual information (MI) analysis. The constructed brain functional networks were filtered by three thresholding schemes: absolute threshold, mean degree, and a novel data-driven scheme based on orthogonal minimal spanning trees (OMST), and graph theory was then used to study the topographical characteristics of the filtered brain graphs. Results indicated that the graph theoretical measures of the theta band showed obvious difference between SZ patients and healthy controls. In the theta band, the characteristic path length was significantly longer and the cluster coefficient was significantly smaller in the SZ patients for a wide range of absolute threshold T. However, the cluster coefficient showed no significant changes, and the characteristic path length was still significantly longer in SZ patients when calculated as a function of mean degree K. Interestingly, we also found that only the characteristic path length was significantly longer in SZ patients compared with healthy controls after using the OMST scheme. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the characteristic path length was positively correlated with executive time of TMT-B for the combined SZ patients and healthy controls (r = 0.507, P = 0.006), but not for SZ patients alone (r = 0.072, P = 0.612). The above results suggested a less optimal organization of the brain network and could be useful for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cool executive dysfunction in first-episode SZ patients.
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42
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Shahbazi Avarvand F, Bartz S, Andreou C, Samek W, Leicht G, Mulert C, Engel AK, Nolte G. Localizing bicoherence from EEG and MEG. Neuroimage 2018; 174:352-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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43
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Krukow P, Jonak K, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Podkowiński A, Jonak K, Borys M, Harciarek M. Disturbed functional connectivity within the left prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor areas predicts impaired cognitive speed in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 275:28-35. [PMID: 29526598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying abnormal cortico-cortical functional connectivity patterns that could predict cognitive slowing in patients with schizophrenia. A group of thirty-two patients with the first-episode schizophrenia and comparable healthy controls underwent resting-state qEEG and cognitive assessment. Phase Lag Index (PLI) was applied as a connectivity index and the synchronizations were analyzed in six frequencies. Pairs of electrodes were grouped to separately cover frontal, temporal, central, parietal and occipital regions. PLI was calculated for intra-regional connectivity and between-regions connectivity. Computer version processing speed tests were applied to control for possible fluctuations in cognitive efficiency during the performance of the tasks. In the group of patients, in comparison to healthy controls, significantly higher PLI values were recorded in theta frequency, especially in the posterior areas and decreased PLI in low-alpha frequency within the frontal regions. Mean PLI in gamma frequency was also lower in the patients group. Regression analysis showed that lower intra-regional PLI for left frontal cortex and higher PLI within somatosensory cortex in theta band, together with the duration of untreated psychosis, proved to be significant predictors of impaired processing speed in first-episode patients. Our investigation confirmed that disrupted cortico-cortical synchronization contributes to cognitive slowing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Głuska 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Jonak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 6, 20-618, Lublin, Poland; Chair and I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Głuska 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Głuska 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; Chair and I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, ul. Głuska 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Podkowiński
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- (e)Department of English Studies, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Maria Curie-Skłodowska square 4A, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Borys
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Harciarek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
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44
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Reilly TJ, Nottage JF, Studerus E, Rutigliano G, Micheli AID, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P. Gamma band oscillations in the early phase of psychosis: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:381-399. [PMID: 29656029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal gamma oscillations, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), have been associated with chronic psychotic disorders, but their prevalence in the early phase of psychosis is less clear. We sought to address this by systematically reviewing the relevant literature. We searched for EEG studies of gamma band oscillations in subjects at high risk for psychosis and in patients with first episode psychosis. The following measures of gamma oscillations were extracted: resting power, evoked power, induced power, connectivity and peak frequency. Forty-five studies with a total of 3099 participants were included. There were potential sources of bias in the study designs and potential artefacts. Although there were few consistent findings, several studies reported decreased evoked or induced power in both high risk subjects and first episode patients. Studies using larger samples with serial EEG measurements, and designs that minimise artefacts that occur at the gamma frequency may advance work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Reilly
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Judith F Nottage
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Erich Studerus
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea I De Micheli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Wang X, Pinto-Duarte A, Behrens MM, Zhou X, Sejnowski TJ. Ketamine independently modulated power and phase-coupling of theta oscillations in Sp4 hypomorphic mice. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513708 PMCID: PMC5841791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of Sp4, the murine homolog of human SP4, a risk gene of multiple psychiatric disorders, led to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) hypofunction in mice, producing behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of schizophrenia, including hypersensitivity to ketamine. As accumulating evidence on molecular mechanisms and behavioral phenotypes established Sp4 hypomorphism as a promising animal model, systems-level neural circuit mechanisms of Sp4 hypomorphism, especially network dynamics underlying cognitive functions, remain poorly understood. We attempted to close this gap in knowledge in the present study by recording multi-channel epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) from awake behaving wildtype and Sp4 hypomorphic mice. We characterized cortical theta-band power and phase-coupling phenotypes, a known neural circuit substrate underlying cognitive functions, and further studied the effects of a subanesthetic dosage of ketamine on theta abnormalities unique to Sp4 hypomorphism. Sp4 hypomorphic mice had markedly elevated theta power localized frontally and parietally, a more pronounced theta phase progression along the neuraxis, and a stronger frontal-parietal theta coupling. Acute subanesthetic ketamine did not affect theta power in wildtype animals but significantly reduced it in Sp4 hypomorphic mice, nearly completely neutralizing their excessive frontal/parietal theta power. Ketamine did not significantly alter cortical theta phase progression in either wildtype or Sp4 hypomorphic animals, but significantly strengthened cortical theta phase-coupling in wildtype, but not in Sp4 hypomorphic animals. Our results suggested that the resting-state phenotypes of cortical theta oscillations unique to Sp4 hypomorphic mice closely mimicked a schizophrenic endophenotype. Further, ketamine independently modulated Sp4 hypomorphic anomalies in theta power and phase-coupling, suggesting separate underlying neural circuit mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - António Pinto-Duarte
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - M. Margarita Behrens
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xianjin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Terrence J. Sejnowski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Sherif MA, Cortes-Briones JA, Ranganathan M, Skosnik PD. Cannabinoid-glutamate interactions and neural oscillations: implications for psychosis. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2890-2902. [PMID: 29247465 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Sherif
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Jose A. Cortes-Briones
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Patrick D. Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
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Maran M, Grent-‘t-Jong T, Uhlhaas PJ. Electrophysiological insights into connectivity anomalies in schizophrenia: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40810-016-0020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li X, Thermenos HW, Wu Z, Momura Y, Wu K, Keshavan M, Seidman L, DeLisi LE. Abnormal interactions of verbal- and spatial-memory networks in young people at familial high-risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:100-105. [PMID: 27481817 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory impairment (especially in verbal and spatial domains) is the core neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia and the familial high-risk (FHR) population. Inconsistent results have been reported in clinical and neuroimaging studies examining the verbal- and spatial-memory deficits in the FHR subjects, due to sample differences and lack of understanding on interactions of the brain regions for processing verbal- and spatial-working memory. METHODS Functional MRI data acquired during a verbal- vs. spatial-memory task were included from 51 young adults [26 FHR and 25 controls]. Group comparisons were conducted in brain activation patterns responding to 1) verbal-memory condition (A), 2) spatial-memory condition (B), 3) verbal higher than spatial (A-B), 4) spatial higher than verbal (B-A), 5) conjunction of brain regions that were activated during both A and B (A∧B). Group difference of the laterality index (LI) in inferior frontal lobe for condition A was also assessed. RESULTS Compared to controls, the FHR group exhibited significantly decreased brain activity in left inferior frontal during A, and significantly stronger involvement of ACC, PCC, paracentral gyrus for the contrast of A-B. The LI showed a trend of reduced left-higher-than-right pattern for verbal-memory processing in the HR group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in the entire functional brain network for working-memory processing, verbal information processing associated brain pathways are significantly altered in people at familial high risk for developing schizophrenia. Future studies will need to examine whether these alterations may indicate vulnerability for predicting the onset of Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, , New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, , New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoko Momura
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel-Deakoness Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel-Deakoness Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shreekantiah Umesh D, Tikka SK, Goyal N, Nizamie S, Sinha VK. Resting state theta band source distribution and functional connectivity in remitted schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:199-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choi JW, Jang KM, Jung KY, Kim MS, Kim KH. Reduced Theta-Band Power and Phase Synchrony during Explicit Verbal Memory Tasks in Female, Non-Clinical Individuals with Schizotypal Traits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148272. [PMID: 26840071 PMCID: PMC4739585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of non-clinical individuals with schizotypal traits has been considered to provide a promising endophenotypic approach to understanding schizophrenia, because schizophrenia is highly heterogeneous, and a number of confounding factors may affect neuropsychological performance. Here, we investigated whether deficits in explicit verbal memory in individuals with schizotypal traits are associated with abnormalities in the local and inter-regional synchrony of brain activity. Memory deficits have been recognized as a core problem in schizophrenia, and previous studies have consistently shown explicit verbal memory impairment in schizophrenic patients. However, the mechanism of this impairment has not been fully revealed. Seventeen individuals with schizotypal traits and 17 age-matched, normal controls participated. Multichannel event-related electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded while the subjects performed a continuous recognition task. Event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) and inter-regional theta-band phase locking values (TPLVs) were investigated to determine the differences in local and global neural synchrony between the two subject groups. Additionally, the connection patterns of the TPLVs were quantitatively analyzed using graph theory measures. An old/new effect was found in the induced theta-band ERSP in both groups. However, the difference between the old and new was larger in normal controls than in schizotypal trait group. The tendency of elevated old/new effect in normal controls was observed in anterior-posterior theta-band phase synchrony as well. Our results suggest that explicit memory deficits observed in schizophrenia patients can also be found in non-clinical individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jang
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Woman’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Woman’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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