1
|
Maddela NR, Kakarla D, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Additives of plastics: Entry into the environment and potential risks to human and ecological health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119364. [PMID: 37866190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A steep rise in global plastic production and significant discharge of plastic waste are expected in the near future. Plastics pose a threat to the ecosystem and human health through the generation of particulate plastics that act as carriers for other emerging contaminants, and the release of toxic chemical additives. Since plastic additives are not covalently bound, they can freely leach into the environment. Due to their occurrence in various environmental settings, the additives exert significant ecotoxicity. However, only 25% of plastic additives have been characterized for their potential ecological concern. Despite global market statistics highlighting the substantial environmental burden caused by the unrestricted production and use of plastic additives, information on their ecotoxicity remains incomplete. By focusing on the ecological impacts of plastic additives, the present review aims to provide detailed insights into the following aspects: (i) diversity and occurrence in the environment, (ii) leaching from plastic materials, (iii) trophic transfer, (iv) human exposure, (v) risks to ecosystem and human health, and (vi) legal guidelines and mitigation strategies. These insights are of immense value in restricting the use of toxic additives, searching for eco-friendly alternatives, and establishing or revising guidelines on plastic additives by global health and environmental agencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130105, Ecuador
| | - Dhatri Kakarla
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Hormetic dose responses induced by organic flame retardants in aquatic animals: Occurrence and quantification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153295. [PMID: 35065129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic flame retardants (OFRs) have attracted global concerns due to their potential toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. Hormesis refers to a biphasic dose response, characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study provided substantial evidence for the widespread occurrence of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals, including 202 hormetic dose response relationships. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly lower than 160% of the control response, with a combined value of 134%. Furthermore, the magnitude of MAX varied significantly among multiple factors and their interactions, such as chemical types and taxonomic groups. Moreover, the distance from the dose of MAX to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) (NOAEL: MAX) was typically below 10-fold (median = 6-fold), while the width of the hormetic zone (from the lowest dose inducing hormesis to the NOAEL) was approximately 20-fold. Collectively, the quantitative features of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals were in accordance with the broader hormetic literature. In addition, the implications of hormetic dose response model for the risk assessment of OFRs were discussed. This study offered a novel insight for understanding the biological effects of low-to-high doses of OFRs on aquatic animals and assessing the potential risks of OFRs in the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Assessment of acute toxicity and developmental transformation impacts of polyethylene microbead exposure on larval daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6967. [PMID: 35484203 PMCID: PMC9051112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ubiquity of microplastic contamination in coastal waters, there is potential for adverse impacts to organism development. One organism of interest is the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemon pugio, an ecologically important species in estuaries along the east coast of North America. We exposed larval grass shrimp to virgin polyethylene microbeads (35 and 58 µm) at a high (0.375 and 1.95 mg/L), medium (0.0375 and 0.195 mg/L), and a low concentration (0.00375 and 0.0195 mg/L), respectively for 23 days to assess mortality, transformation time from larval to juvenile stage, and weight. Average percent mortality was 3.7 to 4.8 times higher in the experimental treatments compared to controls. The greatest proportion of mortality was observed in the first 11 days. Median time for transformation ranged from 20.2 to 20.8 days. Shrimp exposed to the 35 µm beads in the high treatment (20.2 days) transformed significantly faster than the control shrimp (20.8 days). Although development was not delayed and size of the shrimp did not differ, the acute toxicity of microplastics on grass shrimp is a concern due to their role in energy cycling within tidal-creeks. These findings suggest potential population and community level effects following microplastic exposure.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Hang T, Cao L, Fan X, Feng Y, Tan L, Li K, Wang Q, Liu Y, Yang G. Assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging brominated flame retardants in Pheretima (a Traditional Chinese Medicine): Occurrence, residue profiles, and potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116680. [PMID: 33592444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
China produces and consumes large quantities of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) as well as several other unregulated electronic waste recycling activities, causing high BFR concentrations in the natural environment. Thus, Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) may be contaminated by legacy BFRs (e.g. polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) and emerging BFRs (eBFRs, such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)) during growth, processing, packaging, and transportation. Pheretima, which is a typical animal drug recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, was used as an example to evaluate human exposure to BFRs through TCM intake. This study is the first to determine 25 PBDEs and 5 eBFRs in Pheretima and estimate the daily BFR intake via Pheretima-containing TCMs. Twenty-seven Shanghai Pheretima and fifty-one Guang Pheretima samples were collected between March and June 2019 in southeast China. High BFR detection frequencies were found in Pheretima, of which BDE-209 and DBDPE were the most predominant analytes. The total PBDE contents ranged from 73 pg/g to 8,725 pg/g, while that of the eBFRs varied between 115 pg/g and 2,824 pg/g. The profiles and abundances were found to be species- and origin-dependent. However, the traditional processing of Pheretima may reduce BFR residues. Based on the usual clinical doses of Pheretima and the available chronic oral reference doses of BDE-47, 99, 153, and 209, the mean (95th percentile) of the total hazard quotient was estimated to be 9.1 × 10-5 (2.7 × 10-4). Therefore, there is little risk related to BFR exposure for patients taking formulated Pheretima-containing TCMs. However, it is necessary to establish routine monitoring programs for the co-existence of pollutants in TCMs to perform a systematic and comprehensive risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ling Cao
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Xialei Fan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Youlong Feng
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Keyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu K, Xu S, Tian XY, Zeng HY, Hu J, Guo YH, Jian J. Renewable lignin-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide and its application in polypropylene as flame retardant and smoke suppression. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:580-590. [PMID: 33631261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel and environmentally friendly lignin-based surfactant sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) flame retardant (LDH-LS) was fabricated via co-precipitation method, and subsequently incorporated into polypropylene (PP) matrix to obtain the PP and LDH-LS composites (PP/LDH-LS) by melt blending method. The XRD, FT-IR and XPS results indicated that SLS had successfully modified LDH by adsorbing on the surface of the LDH nanosheet. The WCA and SEM results revealed that the hydrophobic property of LDH-LS had been evidently improved, and it displayed a more homogeneous dispersion than virgin LDH in the PP matrix. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests (CCT) illustrated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of PP/LDH-LS composites exhibited declines of 62.9%, 25.1%, and 43.3% compared with those of Neat PP, respectively. Besides, the PP/LDH-LS achieved a LOI value of 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating, whereas the PP/LDH showed only a LOI value of 25.2% and a UL-94 V-2 rating at 20 wt% loading. These improvements of flame retardant properties can be attributed to that the well-dispersed LDH-LS and synergistic flame retardancy between LDH and SLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Xian-Yao Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Hui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Jian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Wang M, Fu H, Qu X, Zhang Z, Kang F, Zhu D. Spectroscopic and molecular modeling investigation on inhibition effect of nitroaromatic compounds on acetylcholinesterase activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124365. [PMID: 31325829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are widely distributed in the environment and are considered toxic or carcinogenic. However, little attention has been paid to the binding interactions between NACs and biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins). Here we investigated the effects of three model NACs, nitrobenzene (NB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The presence of NACs (up to 0.5 mM) effectively suppressed the AChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide, with the suppression effect increasing with the nitro-group substitution (TNB > DNB > NB). Consistently, the UV absorption of AChE at 206 nm arising from the skeleton structure decreased by the addition NACs, and the decrease exhibited the same compound sequence, reflecting the perturbing interactions with the skeleton enzyme structure. However, no changes were made on the secondary structure of AChE, as evidenced by the circular dichroism analysis. The fluorescence quenching analysis of AChE demonstrated that NB and DNB interacted with both tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues, whereas TNB interacted only with Trp. The UV absorption and fluorescence quenching analyses both reflected that the interactions with the non-skeleton aromatic amino acids were weak. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the strong π-π coupling interactions between TNB and model Trp. Molecular simulation indicated that the DNB or TNB molecule was sandwiched between Trp84 and Phe330 at the catalytic site via π-π coupling interactions. The findings highlight the importance of specific interactions of NACs with proteins to cause them to malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Minli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fuxing Kang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210046, China; School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Wang B, Zhou B, Jian X, Zhang X, Wang Y. The responses of Oncorhynchus mykiss coping with BDE-47 stress via PXR-mediated detoxification and Nrf2-mediated antioxidation system. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:63-71. [PMID: 30530205 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The low brominated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is ubiquitous in the marine environment. To elucidate the stress response and possible mechanisms underlying BDE-47, the rainbow trout fish Oncorhynchus mykiss were selected and orally fed bait with BDE-47 concentrations of 50 ng/g and 500 ng/g. BDE-47 was found to be mainly accumulated in head kidney and caused lipid peroxidation after prolonged exposure. We studied the detoxification system genes pregnane X receptor (PXR) and downstream genes (cytochrome 3 A, CYP3 A; glutathione S-transferase, GST) and their corresponding enzyme activity and found that the above indicators in the treatment groups increased first and then decreased with time, while the 500 ng/g group showed more significant changes. Further, the antioxidant system gene expression levels of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) were found significantly up-regulated with concentration and time. The change in the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT showed the same tendency as that of indicators of detoxifying system. The results showed that BDE-47 can accumulated in head kidney and caused activate and fast increase of genes and enzymes of detoxification and antioxidant system in the short-term and then damage the response systems in longer times. After Pearson correlation analysis, the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) Index was established with malondialdehyde (MDA) content; PXR, Nrf2, SOD, and CAT gene expression; and CYP3 A, GST, and CAT enzymatic activity, which were significantly related to BDE-47 bioaccumulation (P < 0.5). The IBR value can indicate the ecotoxicological responses of the head kidney to different BDE-47 concentrations exposure, but the high activity of the antioxidant system might obscure the damage of the detoxification system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchen Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Boyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Jian
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Fushun Road 22, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266033, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang B, Jiang Y. Highly electrically conductive and smart fire-resistant coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE: MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2018; 29:16378-16387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-018-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
9
|
Gray AD, Weinstein JE. Size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles on adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3074-3080. [PMID: 28594093 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of microplastics in marine environments has been increasing over the past several decades. The objective of the present study was to characterize the size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles (spheres, fibers, and fragments) on the adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to 11 sizes of plastic: spheres (30, 35, 59, 75, 83, 116, and 165 μm), fragments (34 and 93 μm), and fibers (34 and 93 μm) at a concentration of 2000 particles/400 mL (= 50 000 particles/L) for 3 h. Following exposure, grass shrimp were monitored for survival, ingested and ventilated microplastics, and residence time. Mortality ranged from 0% to 55%. Spheres and fragments <50 μm were not acutely toxic. Mortality rates in experiments with spheres and fragments >50 μm ranged from 5% to 40%. Mortality was significantly higher in the exposure to 93-μm fibers than other sizes tested (p < 0.001). The shape of the particle had a significant influence on the number of particles ingested by the shrimp (p < 0.001). The residence time of particles in the gut ranged from 27 to 75 h, with an average of 43.0 ± 13.8 h. Within the gills, the residence time ranged from 27 to 45 h, with an average of 36.9 ± 5.4 h. The results suggest that microplastic particles of various sizes and shapes can be ingested and ventilated by adult daggerblade grass shrimp, resulting in acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3074-3080. © 2017 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Gray
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - John E Weinstein
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsai TY, Bunekar N, Wu TC, Chiang YC, Wang ZZ, Wu LX. Effect of Organic Nano Carboncapsule Incorporated Modified Clay on Fire-Retardancy of PMMA Nanocomposites. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District, 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Naveen Bunekar
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District, 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ti-Chia Wu
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Chiang
- Master Program in Nanotechnology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Taoyuan City Chung-Li District 32023 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zheng-zhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University, 4800 Cao An Road; Shanghai 201804 PR China
| | - Li-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gottschall N, Topp E, Edwards M, Payne M, Kleywegt S, Lapen DR. Brominated flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater, tile drainage, soil, and crop grain following a high application of municipal biosolids to a field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1345-1359. [PMID: 27644852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dewatered municipal biosolids (DMB) were applied at a rate of 22Mgdwha-1 to an agricultural field in fall 2008. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, -197, -207, -209), other brominated flame retardants (BFRs; HBB, PBEB, DBDPE, BTBPE) and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs; PFHxS, PFOS, PFDS, PFOSA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTA) were monitored in tile drainage, groundwater (2m, 4m and 6m depth), soil cores (0-0.3m) pre- and post-application, DMB aggregates incorporated into the soil post-application, and in wheat (Triticum spp.) planted post-application. Several compounds were detected in soil and water pre-application and on a reference field plot. PBDEs, other BFRs and PFAAs were detected in tile drainage and 2m groundwater throughout the post-application study period; a few PBDEs were also detected sporadically at lower depths in groundwater. Some of these compounds had not been detected pre-application, while some exceeded reference field plot/pre-application levels (some significantly (p<0.05) in tile drainage); both cases indicating biosolid-based water contamination. In DMB aggregates, several PBDE congeners were found to have dissipated exponentially, with reductions >90% in many of them within 1year post-application. Exponential dissipation of other BFRs and PFAAs in DMB aggregates were not significant. No PBDEs, other BFRs, or PFAAs were detected in wheat grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gottschall
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - E Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - M Edwards
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - M Payne
- Black Lake Environmental, Sudbury, ON P3E 2L9, Canada
| | - S Kleywegt
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Standards Development Branch, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - D R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gill S, Hou Y, Li N, Pulido O, Bowers W. Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers mixture de71 in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:482-93. [PMID: 27294297 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a class of brominated flame retardants that are recognized as global environmental contaminants and a potential adverse health risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental impacts on rat Sprague-Dawley (SD) pups at postnatal day (PND) 11, 21, 50, 105, and 250 after perinatal exposure to a DE71 mixture. These PNDs corresponded to juveniles, young, and mature adults, respectively. The analysis included histopathological, transcriptional evaluation, and Western blots in both hippocampus and midbrain. There were no marked histopathological changes, but significant transcriptional alterations were observed at PND 21 and 250 in midbrain. These changes occurred in a number of the markers of the cholinergic system, including acetylcholinesterase, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and structural gene,s including those of neurofilaments, cell adhesion molecules including N-cadherin and CAMKII, and cytokines. The markers were upregulated at least twofold or greater at PND 21. These biomarkers were predominantly altered in males at low dose (0.3 mg/kg), whereas females were affected only at high concentration (30 mg/kg). At PND 250 both males and females showed downregulation of markers in both intermediate- and high-dose groups. Our results support the findings that in utero and lactational exposure to DE71 mixture leads to transcriptional alterations in midbrain of adult SD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santokh Gill
- a Regulatory Toxicology Research Division , Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Yangxun Hou
- a Regulatory Toxicology Research Division , Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Nanqin Li
- b Hazard Identification Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Olga Pulido
- c Departmental of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wayne Bowers
- b Hazard Identification Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- d Department of Neuroscience , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sha J, Wang Y, Chen H, Wang M, Wang H, Li X, Qi L, Tang X. Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 119:106-115. [PMID: 25988436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal aquatic toxicity effects of two PBDEs, BDE-47 and BDE-209 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer Brachionus plicatilis associated with PBDE concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual PBDE concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated PBDE concentrations. The population growth curves of B. plicatilis showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while B. plicatilis exposed to BDE-209 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased PBDE levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of B. plicatilis. The two PBDEs have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by PBDEs to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant PBDE effects, but also compared the two PBDE disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sha
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Qi
- The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nie L, Liu C, Liu L, Jiang T, Hong J, Huang J. Study of the thermal stability and flame retardant properties of graphene oxide-decorated zirconium organophosphate based on polypropylene nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation routes of polypropylene/Zr(AE)3P, polypropylene/GO-Zr(AE)3P nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Nie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| | - Changhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| | - Jing Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shin PKS, Gopalakrishnan S, Chan AKY, Qian PY, Wu RSS. Interactive effects of hypoxia and PBDE on larval settlement of a marine benthic polychaete. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:425-432. [PMID: 24835374 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine benthic polychaete Capitella sp. I is widely known to adapt to polluted habitats; however, its response to xenobiotics under hypoxic conditions has been rarely studied. This research aimed to test the hypothesis that interactive effects of hypoxia and congener BDE-47 of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), which is ubiquitous in marine sediments, may alter the settlement of Capitella sp. I. Our results revealed that under hypoxic condition, settlement success and growth in body length of Capitella larvae were significantly reduced compared to those under normoxia of similar BDE-47 concentration. While no significant changes in morphology of settled larvae were noted in both exposure conditions, the presence of BDE-47 could enhance polychaete growth. The present findings demonstrated that the interactive effects of hypoxia and environmentally realistic concentrations of BDE-47 in sediments could affect polychaete settlement, which, in turn, reduce its recruitment and subsequent population size in the marine benthic ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K S Shin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Alice K Y Chan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - P Y Qian
- Division of Life Sciences, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Rudolf S S Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang K, Huang J, Wang H, Yu G, Wang B, Deng S, Kano J, Zhang Q. Mechanochemical destruction of decabromodiphenyl ether into visible light photocatalyst BiOBr. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By milling with Bi2O3, the destruction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers was achieved with the preparation of a visible light photocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haizhu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Junya Kano
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Q, Undrell JP, Gao Y, Cai G, Buffet JC, Wilkie CA, O’Hare D. Synthesis of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene/LDH-Borate Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401133s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Undrell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Yanshan Gao
- College of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guipeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53201, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Wilkie
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53201, United States
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee HJ, Kim GB, Lee RF. Genotoxicity and development effects of brominated flame retardant PBDEs and UV-exposed PBDEs on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) embryo. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2892-2895. [PMID: 22964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand how polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affect the hatching sensitivity of grass shrimp embryos in different developmental stages, the hatching rates of embryos were measured after PBDE exposure on the early- and late-stage embryo of grass shrimp. PBDEs had no clear influence on the hatching rate. Also, to investigate on the reproductive and genetic toxicities of UV-exposed PBDEs, the hatching rate and DNA damage of stage 7 embryos were also measured. PBDEs had no significant impact on the hatching rate and DNA damage of grass shrimp in most experimental conditions regardless of embryo developmental stage or UV exposure, but in the case of UV-exposed BDE-47, the hatching rate was decreased, suggesting a potential reproductive toxicity. This research is meaningful because it is the first study to propose that PBDEs can cause reproductive toxicity in marine organism, after flowing into the ocean and undergoing photochemical reactions stimulated by UV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chiu KH, Lin CR, Huang HW, Shiea J, Liu LL. Toxic effects of two brominated flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-183 on the survival and protein expression of the tubificid Monopylephorus limosus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:46-53. [PMID: 22818847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of two brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE), BDE-47, and BDE-183, on a benthic oligochaete tubificid, Monopylephorus limosus were studied under laboratory conditions. Investigated responses included survival, growth, and protein expression profiles, at BDE concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 700 ng/g on a dry soil weight basis, with isooctane as the carrier solvent. Body weight losses among treatments were insignificant after 8 weeks of exposure. The 8-wk LC(50) of BDE-47 and -183 were 2311 and 169 ng/g, respectively. By applying multivariate analysis techniques, protein expression patterns were compared and correlated with stressful sources of long-term culture, carrier solvent, BDE-47 and -183. The treatment of 8-wk 100 ng/g BDE-47 was most closely clustered to the 10 ng/g BDE-183 treatment, based on the 40 examined protein spots. This indicated that BDE-183 was more potent to M. limosus, than was BDE-47. The 2-wk and 8-wk controls clustered into different groups indicating the occurrence of physiological changes due to long-term laboratory culture. Additionally, solvent effect was shown by grouping the isooctane carrier to different clusters. With further characterization by principle component analysis, it was found that the separation was mainly contributed by the 2nd principal-component. And, the primarily inhibitory variation was at spots 2 (UMP-CMP kinase) and 40 (plasma retinol-binding protein precursor) in the 8-wk groups. On the contrary, protein spots 16 (cell division control protein 2 homolog) and 24 (mitochondrial DNA mismatch repair protein) showed stimulatory variation. In all, the observed proteomic responses suggest that BDEs disrupted metabolic function in M. limosus and multivariate analysis tool offers significant potential for the assessment of various stress sources at biochemical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parolini M, Binelli A. Cyto-genotoxic effects induced by three brominated diphenyl ether congeners on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:247-255. [PMID: 22280972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of highly hydrophobic and persistent chemicals that has been used as flame retardants in several industrial applications. They have been detected in various environmental matrices worldwide and an increasing number of studies have recently been carried out to investigate their potential toxicity on ecosystem communities. Although a variety of biological damage has been documented in vertebrates, the effects on invertebrates are largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the cyto-genotoxic effects induced by single exposure to three concentrations of 2,4,2',4'-tetra BDE (BDE 47), 2,2',4,4',6-penta BDE (BDE-100) and 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexa BDE (BDE-154) on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha by a multi-biomarker approach. We performed on bivalve hemocytes the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the DNA Diffusion assay and the Micronucleus test (MN test) to assess genotoxicity, while the Neutral Red Retention Assay (NRRA) was used to evaluate cytotoxic effects. Results showed that BDE-47 did not produce any genetic damage at the tested concentrations (0.1 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L and 1 μg/L), while BDE-100 and BDE-154 can be considered moderately genotoxic, since both primary and fixed DNA injuries were induced. The NRRA indicated a moderate increase in cellular stress in BDEs-treated bivalves. Thus, our data seems to suggest that investigated BDEs may pose a low risk to freshwater mussels at environmental concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mechanistic and kinetic study on the reaction of 2;4-dibrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-7) with OH radicals. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Mhadhbi L, Fumega J, Boumaiza M, Beiras R. Acute toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for turbot (Psetta maxima) early life stages (ELS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:708-717. [PMID: 21912957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE The environmental presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), among which BDE-47 and BDE-99 are particularly abundant, makes toxicity data necessary to assess the hazard risk posed by PBDE to aquatic organisms. This study examines the effects of BDE-47 and BDE-99 on embryo-larval stages of the marine flatfish turbot. MATERIALS AND METHODS The turbot embryos were exposed at nominal concentrations of BDE-47 and BDE-99 for 6 days. Selected dose levels were relevant for investigating sublethal and lethal effects. RESULTS Both tested compounds caused lethal toxicity as well as non-lethal malformations during embryo development. We found a high toxic potency of BDE-47 compared to BDE-99 (LC₅₀ values for embryos and larvae, respectively, BDE-47: 27.35 and 14.13 μg L⁻¹; BDE-99: 38.28 and 29.64 μg L⁻¹). DISCUSSION The present study shows high sensitivity of fish early life stages (ELS) to PBDE compounds. Based on environmental concentrations of dissolved PBDEs from various aquatic ecosystems, waterborne BDE-47 and BDE-99 pose little risk of acute toxicity to marine fish at relevant environmental concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Turbot fish ELS proved to be an excellent model for the study of ecotoxicity of contaminants in seawater. The results demonstrate harmful effects of PBDE on turbot ELS at concentrations in the range of parts per billion units. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In the perspective of risk assessment, ELS endpoints provide rapid, cost-effective and ecologically relevant information, and links should be sought between these short-term tests and effects of long-term exposures in more realistic scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Toralla Marine Science Station (ECIMAT), University of Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
La Merrill M, Birnbaum LS. Childhood obesity and environmental chemicals. THE MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, NEW YORK 2011; 78:22-48. [PMID: 21259261 PMCID: PMC3076189 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent rates of obesity and overweight are continuing to increase in much of the world. Risk factors such as diet composition, excess caloric intake, decreased exercise, genetics, and the built environment are active areas of etiologic research. The obesogen hypothesis, which postulates that prenatal and perinatal chemical exposure can contribute to risk of childhood and adolescent obesity, remains relatively underexamined. This review surveys numerous classes of chemicals for which this hypothesis has been explored. We focus on human data where they exist and also discuss the findings of rodent and cell culture studies. Organochlorine chemicals as well as several classes of chemicals that are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists are identified as possible risk factors for obesity. Recommendations for future epidemiologic and experimental research on the chemical origins of obesity are also given.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang D, Li QX. Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:737-775. [PMID: 19722247 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high resolution MS (GC/HRMS) and GC ion trap MS (GC/ITMS) are most commonly used MS techniques for the determination of PBDEs. New analytical technologies such as fast tandem GC/MS and LC/MS become available to improve analyses of higher PBDEs. The development and application of the tandem MS techniques have helped to understand environmental fate and transformations of PBDEs of which abiotic and biotic degradation of decaBDE is thought to be one major source of Br(1-9)BDEs present in the environment in addition to direct loading from commercial mixtures. MS-based proteomics will offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential developmental and neurotoxicity of PBDEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
A comparison of the fire retardancy of poly(methyl methacrylate) using montmorillonite, layered double hydroxide and kaolinite. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Key PB, Hoguet J, Chung KW, Venturella JJ, Pennington PL, Fulton MH. Lethal and sublethal effects of simvastatin, irgarol, and PBDE-47 on the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:379-382. [PMID: 19365754 DOI: 10.1080/03601230902801083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of simvastatin, a lipid-regulating drug; irgarol, an antifouling biocide; and PBDE-47, a brominated flame retardant, on the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Sublethal effects (changes in glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cholesterol (CHL) levels) and lethal effects (survival) were determined after individual exposure to the three compounds. There were no significant differences in GSH or CHL levels in fish exposed to any of the test compounds. LPx levels significantly decreased with increasing irgarol concentrations. AChE levels were significantly lower in fish exposed to simvastatin at the 1.25 mg/L concentration and significantly higher at the PBDE-47 concentration of 0.0125 mg/L. The LC50 values were 2.68, 3.22, and > 0.1 mg/L for simvastatin, irgarol and PBDE-47, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Key
- National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|