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Kim J, Kwon S, Chung S, Kim YD. Turbidity and suspended sediment relationship based on sediment composition and particle size distribution. Sci Rep 2025; 15:16286. [PMID: 40348788 PMCID: PMC12065833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
High turbidity in rivers, intensified by extreme rainfall associated with climate change, poses a great challenge to water resource management globally. To manage and control turbidity events, prediction models have been developed utilizing suspended sediment (SS) data. However, traditional methods for measuring SS data, such as water sampling and laboratory analysis, are time-consuming and impractical for real-time applications. Although the turbidity-SS relationship is widely used, its accuracy depends on sediment particle size distribution. To address this limitation, we developed turbidity-SS equations adaptive to various SS fractions, using data from controlled circulating flume experiments designed to reflect sediment characteristics of a natural river. The results showed significant improvements in the linear turbidity-SS relationship, with R2 values ranging from 0.60 to 0.99, depending on sediment fractions. These equations were applied to field data from the area upstream of Soyanggang Dam in South Korea, yielding error rates of 1-18%. This study highlights the importance of incorporating sediment fraction variability into turbidity-SS models, which significantly improves their accuracy and reliability. The proposed approach offers a practical and scalable solution for real-time and large-scale SS monitoring, contributing to improved water quality management in various riverine conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myeongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Siyoon Kwon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sewoong Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
| | - Young Do Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myeongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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Shou CY, Yue FJ, Zhou B, Fu X, Ma ZN, Gong YQ, Chen SN. Chronic increasing nitrogen and endogenous phosphorus release from sediment threaten to the water quality in a semi-humid region reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172924. [PMID: 38697550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The water quality in the drinking water reservoir directly affects people's quality of life and health. When external pollution input is effectively controlled, endogenous release is considered the main cause of water quality deterioration. As the major nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources in reservoirs, sediment plays a vital role in affecting the water quality. To understand the spatial and temporal variation of N and P in the sediment, this study analyzed the current characteristics and cumulative effects of a semi-humid reservoir, Yuqiao Reservoir, in North China. The N and P concentrations in the reservoir sediment were decreased along the flow direction, while the minimum values were recorded at the central sediment profile. External input and algal deposition were the main factors leading to higher sediment concentrations in the east (Re-E) and west (Re-W) areas of reservoir sediment profiles. According to the long-term datasets, the peaks of both sediment total nitrogen content and deposition rate were observed in the 2010s, which has increased about three times and six times than in the1990s, respectively. Therefore, the increase in phosphorus concentration may be the main reason for eutrophication in water in recent years. The mineralization of organic matter has a significant promoting effect on releasing N and P from sediments, which will intensify eutrophication in water dominated by P and bring huge challenges to water environment management. This study highlights that the current imbalance in N and P inputs into reservoirs and the endogenous P release from sediment will have a significant impact on water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Shou
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xujin Fu
- Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhuo-Ni Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yao-Qi Gong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sai-Nan Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Li W, Chen X, Xu S, Wang T, Han D, Xiao Y. Effects of storm runoff on the spatial-temporal variation and stratified water quality in Biliuhe Reservoir, a drinking water reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19556-19574. [PMID: 38358632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Stormflow runoff is an important non-point source of pollution in drinking water reservoirs. Storm runoff is usually very turbid and contains a high concentration of organic matter, therefore affecting water quality when it enters reservoirs. In order to investigate the impact of storm runoff on spatial-temporal variation and stratification of water quality during this rainstorm event, the inflow process of the storm runoff was studied through a combination of field investigation and simulation using the Delft3D-Flow model. Water samples were collected from Biliuhe Reservoir at four different periods: before storm runoff, storm runoff flood peak period, 1 week after storm runoff, and 5 weeks after storm runoff. The results showed that the input of storm runoff resulted in a significant increase in the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the reservoir water, especially in the reservoir entrance. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) gradually decreased after the flood peak period; however, the average concentrations of TN and TP in the entire reservoir remained higher than those before the storm runoff levels for an extended duration. The storm runoff will greatly contribute to the contamination of water quality in a reservoir, and the water quality cannot be quickly restored by self-purification in the short term. During the flood peak period, under the influence of density current, the electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity increased significantly in the water depth of 10-15 m, so that the reservoir water had obvious stratification between 10 and 15 m. The form of pollutants in storm runoff was mostly in particle phosphorus. Total particulate phosphorus (TPP) concentration was 0.015 ± 0.011 mg/L, accounting for 44.12% of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in storm runoff flood peak period. The process of a rainstorm caused runoff, which carried high levels of turbidity, particulate phosphorus, and organic matter. The storm runoff disrupts the stratification of the reservoir water. In terms of vertical distribution, the turbidity in the reservoir area increased to 73.75 NTU. Therefore, the occurrence of significant turbidity density flow in the reservoir is frequently accompanied by intense rainfall events. Gaining insights into the impact of storm runoff on the vertical distribution of reservoir turbidity can help managers in selecting an appropriate inlet height to mitigate high turbidity outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Shiguo Xu
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Dongning Han
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Şener Ş, Şener E, Bulut C. Appraisal of heavy metal contents, spatial-temporal variation, toxic metal pollution, and health risk in water and sediment of Uluabat Lake (Ramsar Site, Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115246-115265. [PMID: 37880398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Uluabat Lake holds a significant status as one of our country's essential Ramsar areas. Nevertheless, the lake faces considerable pressure from environmental pollutants. This study employed GIS-based index methods to examine the heavy metal pollution and water quality in Uluabat Lake. To achieve this, sediment and water samples were collected from 19 different locations during various seasons. The concentrations of As, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Al, Fe, and Mn in these samples were analyzed. The average contents of the investigated heavy metals in the lake waters were found to be in the following order: Al > Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Hg > Cd. The As content in the lake waters exceeded the limit value of 10 μg/L, as defined by TS-266 (2005) and WHO (2017) guidelines. Consequently, the lake waters were deemed unsuitable for drinking. The health risk assessments revealed that consuming the lake waters could lead to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health problems. However, all other metal concentrations were measured below the specified limit values. Based on index calculations, the heavy metal pollution index value indicated that the lake water samples were suitable for drinking water use. Additionally, all samples fell into the "low pollution" category according to the heavy metal evaluation index, and degree of contamination values. However, geoaccumulation index values indicated that As was moderately contaminated. Moreover, enrichment factors of As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd exhibited significant enrichment in lake sediments, with pollution load index values of all sediment samples indicating the impact of anthropogenic pollutants and a decline in sediment quality. Considering all the obtained results together, it can be concluded that environmental pollutants, especially heavy metal pollution, primarily enter the lake water through stream transports, leading to pollution in Uluabat Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şehnaz Şener
- Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Şener
- Remote Sensing Center, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Cafer Bulut
- Eğirdir Fisheries Research Institute, Isparta, Turkey
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Ramos-Tapia I, Salinas P, Núñez R, Cortez D, Soto J, Paneque M. Compositional Changes in Sediment Microbiota Are Associated with Seasonal Variation of the Water Column in High-Altitude Hyperarid Andean Lake Systems. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0520022. [PMID: 37102964 PMCID: PMC10269505 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05200-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lacustrine systems of La Brava and La Punta, located in the Tilopozo sector in the extreme south of Salar de Atacama, are pristine high-altitude Andean lakes found along the central Andes of South America. This shallow ecosystem suffers from permanent evaporation, leading to falling water levels, causing it to recede or disappear during the dry season. This dynamic causes physicochemical changes in lakes, such as low nutrient availability, pH change, and dissolved metals, which can influence the composition of the microbial community. In this study, we used a metataxonomic approach (16S rRNA hypervariable regions V3 to V4) to characterize the sedimentary microbiota of these lakes. To understand how the water column affects and is structured in the microbiota of these lakes, we combined the analysis of the persistence of the water column through satellite images and physicochemical characterization. Our results show a significant difference in abiotic factors and microbiota composition between La Punta and La Brava lakes. In addition, microbiota analysis revealed compositional changes in the ecological disaggregation (main and isolated bodies) and antagonistic changes in the abundance of certain taxa between lakes. These findings are an invaluable resource for understanding the microbiological diversity of high Andean lakes using a multidisciplinary approach that evaluates the microbiota behavior in response to abiotic factors. IMPORTANCE In this study, we analyzed the persistence of the water column through satellite images and physicochemical characterization to investigate the composition and diversity in High Andean Lake Systems in a hyperarid environment. In addition to the persistence of the water column, this approach can be used to analyze changes in the morphology of saline accumulations and persistence of snow or ice; for example, for establishing variable plant cover over time and evaluating the microbiota associated with soils with seasonal changes in plants. This makes it an ideal approach to search for novel extremophilic microorganisms with unique properties. In our case, it was used to study microorganisms capable of resisting desiccation and water restriction for a considerable period and adapting to survive in ecological niches, such as those with high UV irradiation, extreme drought, and high salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ramos-Tapia
- Departamento de Metagenómica, Fundación Bionostra Chile Research, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Salinas
- Departamento de Metagenómica, Fundación Bionostra Chile Research, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reynaldo Núñez
- Departamento de Metagenómica, Fundación Bionostra Chile Research, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Donna Cortez
- Departamento de Metagenómica, Fundación Bionostra Chile Research, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Soto
- Departamento de Metagenómica, Fundación Bionostra Chile Research, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Paneque
- Laboratory of Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Sidoruk M. Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Bottom Sediments: A Case Study of Eutrophic Bukwałd Lake Located in an Agricultural Catchment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2387. [PMID: 36767755 PMCID: PMC9915378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metals are natural components of the earth's crust and are essential elements in the metabolism of fauna and flora. However, some metals at high concentrations may pose an ecological risk. Ecological risk analysis is one of the best methods for detecting potential metal pollution problems and its impact on ecosystems. This study analyzed the potential ecological risk and contamination from heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Zn) in bottom sediments. It analyzed the spatial variability of heavy metal concentrations in the bottom sediments of Lake Bukwałd. The potential ecological risk index (RI) was used to assess the impact of pollutants accumulated in bottom sediments on the environment. In addition to RI, the geochemical index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) were also calculated. The pollutant loading index (PLI) was used to compare the average content of metals in the bottom sediments of lakes. The obtained results indicate that agricultural activity determined the quality of the bottom sediments of the reservoir and the spatial content of trace metals in them. Higher concentrations of elements were found in sediments collected from the agricultural catchment, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed near the outflow from the lake. The calculated RI value was 153.3, representing a moderate ecological threat risk. The concentration of cadmium had the greatest influence on the value of the indicator. The analysis of the scale of pollution of bottom sediments using the geochemical index showed that the bottom sediments in terms of the content of most of the trace metals tested are class II. In Cu and Zn, the Igeo index classified these deposits as class 0 and class I. The highest CF values were determined for Cr, Ni, and Pb and classified as significant contamination. The remaining elements were classified as moderately contaminated. The designated PLI was 2.49, suggesting immediate action to reduce pollution and prevent the degradation of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sidoruk
- Department of Water Resources and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Water Governance in Mediterranean Farming Systems through the Social-Ecological Systems Framework—An Empirical Case in Southern Portugal. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water governance is a major challenge in the Mediterranean context. Any action to drive water governance towards sustainability needs to be grounded in a holistic understanding of such challenges. Therefore, a first step towards the improvement of water governance is a grounded understanding of what is at stake, who are the actors involved, and how they interact. To achieve this level of understanding, we propose the use of the social–ecological Systems (SES) framework. This framework was developed to grasp the complexity of issues related to the sustainable use of public goods such as water. This study looks at water governance in the farming sector of three municipalities in the Alentejo and Algarve, in the south of Portugal. Data were collected using a literature review and 22 semi-structured interviews with territorial actors (i.e., public administration, non-governmental associations, private sector, decision-makers, and farmers). By using the SES framework, we provide an integrated characterization of water governance in the case study and identify the implicated factors. Between these factors, and focusing on the overlap between literature and actors’ perspectives, are (1) the lack of integrated and supported strategies for development, and (2) lack of communication between the actors that need to congregate efforts towards sustainable use of water resources. The study found few examples of collective efforts and long-lasting networks of collaboration, especially between science and practice. We conclude by arguing that place-based tailored policies are needed. Such policies should promote communication and collective actions between researchers, local organizations, public administration, and farmers.
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Silva RFCM, de Almeida T, Cicerelli RE, Gomes LNL. A spatiotemporal analysis of the physicochemical parameters after the operation of the Corumbá IV reservoir (Midwest Brazil) to support better management decision. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:247. [PMID: 33822279 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study presents the characterization of the water quality of the Corumbá IV reservoir in the State of Goiás, in the Brazilian Cerrado biome, based on data from the operation period between 2007 and 2017. Few are known about the temporal and spatial variations in the water quality of the reservoir. Up to now, the water quality has been analyzed only from the point of view of compliance with the limits required by Brazilian environmental legislation. Therefore, the integrated analysis of water quality parameters and water body dynamics may bring important information to support decision-making in reservoir management. An exploratory analysis of the limnological data series provided by the company in charge of the hydroelectric plant was then carried out. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data period from 2007 to 2017. The results identify four distinct limnological phases representing the transition of the environment. The first phase (2007 to 2009) characterized by the decomposition of the flooded vegetal organic matter and subsequent phases, after 8 years (2010 to 2017), have featured the transition process from the lotic condition to the consolidation of the lentic environment. The spatial analysis of the results demonstrates that tributaries influence the water quality of the reservoir differently, probably due to the different impacts suffered in the sub-basins (e.g., sewage discharges; runoff). Although it is possible to evidence the impact of anthropic activities on water quality, the reservoir still presents characteristics of an environment with low trophic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Francy Costa Machado Silva
- Post-Graduation in Applied Geosciences and Geodynamics, Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia. Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tati de Almeida
- Post-Graduation in Applied Geosciences and Geodynamics, Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia. Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rejane Ennes Cicerelli
- Post-Graduation in Applied Geosciences and Geodynamics, Geoscience Institute, University of Brasilia. Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Lenora Nunes Ludolf Gomes
- Graduate Program in Environmental Technology and Water Resources - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasilia. Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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Water-Sediment Physicochemical Dynamics in a Large Reservoir in the Mediterranean Region under Multiple Stressors. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the Mediterranean freshwater systems face the threat of water scarcity, along with multiple other stressors (e.g., organic and inorganic contamination, geomorphological alterations, invasive species), leading to the impairment of their ecosystem services. All these stressors have been speeding up, due to climate variability and land cover/land use changes, turning them into a big challenge for the water management plans. The present study analyses the physicochemical and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) dynamics of a large reservoir, in the Mediterranean region (Alqueva reservoir, Southern Portugal), under diverse meteorological conditions and land cover/land use real scenarios (2017 and 2018). The most important stressors were identified and the necessary tools and information for a more effective management plan were provided. Changes in these parameters were further related to the observed variations in the meteorological conditions and in the land cover/land use. The increase in nutrients and ions in the water column, and of potentially toxic metals in the sediment, were more obvious in periods of severe drought. Further, the enhancement of nutrients concentrations, potentially caused by the intensification of agricultural activities, may indicate an increased risk of water eutrophication. The results highlight that a holistic approach is essential for a better water resources management strategy.
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Risk Assessment of Irrigation-Related Soil Salinization and Sodification in Mediterranean Areas. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinization and sodification are important processes of soil degradation affecting irrigated lands. A large proportion of the global irrigated area is affected by some degree of soil salinity or sodicity caused by the intensification of irrigation. The increase of the frequency of adverse climatic conditions, like high temperatures and variations in precipitation patterns caused by climate change, will potentially amplify these processes in arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean areas. The use of integrated approaches for the spatial and temporal prediction of the risk of salinization and sodification in irrigated areas is of great value, helping in the decision-making regarding land uses and choice of more suitable agricultural practices. In this study, based on key criteria for the assessment of irrigation-related salinization processes (e.g., climate, topography, soil drainage, water quality for irrigation, and crop irrigation method), we developed a methodology for the prediction of soil salinity and sodicity risk in irrigated lands, using two composite indices, the Salinization Risk (RSA) index and the Sodification Risk (RSO) index. The application of these indices to a real scenario (a Mediterranean area in Southern Portugal) showed that 67% of the potentially irrigated area presented a low risk of salinity development, 68% had a moderate risk of sodification, and 16% was of high risk of sodicity development. Areas under moderate risk of salinization (26%) were mostly characterized by low slopes and fine-textured soils, like Luvisols and Vertisols, with limited drainage conditions. Areas with high risk of soil sodification presented a large incidence of low slope terrain, moderate-to-restricted soil drainage, in high clay content Luvisols, Vertisols and Cambisols, and land use dominated by annual crops irrigated with surface or sprinkler systems. These risk prediction tools have the potential to be used for resource use planning by policymakers and on-farm management decision by farmers, contributing to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in Mediterranean regions.
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Land-Cover Patterns and Hydrogeomorphology of Tributaries: Are These Important Stressors for the Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Mediterranean Region? WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four streams in the Guadiana watershed were followed up to assess hydrogeomorphological and physicochemical characteristics, and to analyze its correlation with land use/land cover (LULC), analyzing their possible influence in reservoir water quality and possible influence in the reservoir water quality. The highest amounts of organic descriptors and nutrients were quantified in streams with the major percentage of olive groves and vineyards and urban land cover classes. Streams more influenced by agro-silvo-pastoral class presented better water quality, as this type of LULC acts as a buffer of the contamination runoff. The results highlighted that the hydrogeomorphology of the streams may influence the transfer of pollutants loads to reservoirs. Hence, in intermittent streams characterized by coarse particles in the sediment, high amounts of pollutants are accumulated when the flow ceases, and are further transported to the reservoirs when the flow retakes. On the contrary, streams with sediments characterized by a great percentage of fine particles and organic matter do not induce so much stress in reservoirs, since these allow the adsorption of nutrients and trace elements, without their transfer to reservoirs.
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Duttagupta S, Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya J. Wide exposure of persistent organic pollutants (PoPs) in natural waters and sediments of the densely populated Western Bengal basin, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137187. [PMID: 32062276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water stress in South Asia is now widely known as a global paradigm. Extensive geogenic groundwater pollution is known in this area for a long time, specifically in the densely populated (~40 million) Western Bengal basin (WBB) of the state of West Bengal, India. Though anthropogenic-sourced groundwater pollution has been long suspected, it has been only sporadically reported thus far. The present study provides one of the first documentation of widespread existence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants [PoPs, e.g. pesticide (2014-2016) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (2015)] in the Ganges river (32 locations) water and groundwater (235 locations) of the WBB. All locations were found to have at least one of the 40 detected pesticides [predominated by Atrazine (0.95-3.93 μg/L) and Malathion (150-9330 μg/L)], their derivatives [e.g. Malaoxon (410-1420 μg/L)] and/or 16 PAHs [e.g. Naphthalene (4.9-10.6 μg/L), Phenanthrene (3.32-6.61 μg/L)]. Atrazine and Malathion were found to have concentrations up to 46 times higher than the permissible limits. Similar to pesticides in water, most of the sediment samples investigated obtain Malathion (56-200 μg/kg), malaoxon (>900 μg/kg). Sediment samples collected from 10-20 cm to 20-30 cm depth showed total PAHs concentration of 2.02 and 1.95 μg/kg respectively. While herbicides were found to be more common in agricultural areas, insecticides and PAHs dominate in urban areas, suggesting land-use to be an important controlling factor. An estimated 53% of urban and 44% of rural residents (~20 million total residents, including those in cosmopolitan areas of Kolkata) are potentially exposed to PoPs pollution in drinking water, in addition to much ill-famed geogenic, groundwater arsenic pollution exposure known from this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanti Duttagupta
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Animesh Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Water & Sanitation Support Organization, Public Health Engineering Department, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata 700001, India.
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Tomaz A, Palma P, Fialho S, Lima A, Alvarenga P, Potes M, Salgado R. Spatial and temporal dynamics of irrigation water quality under drought conditions in a large reservoir in Southern Portugal. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:93. [PMID: 31907689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is a scarce resource in the Mediterranean region where adverse climatic conditions promoting water shortages tend to increase with climate change. Under water scarcity conditions and high atmosphere evaporative demand, the risks of decreased water quality, and land salinization are major threats to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in this region. The assessment of the quality of irrigation water is increasingly important to ensure the maintenance of long-term salt balance at a crop, farm, and regional scale. This study is focused on the spatial and temporal variability of water quality for irrigation in the Alqueva reservoir (Southern Portugal). The assessment was performed every 2 months during a distinctive drought year (2017) and included inorganic ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, F-, SO42-, NO3-, and NO2-), pH, and electric conductivity (ECW) of water. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated, and potential soil permeability problems were estimated. The assessment showed significantly higher values of the physicochemical parameters in the most upstream sites, located near tributaries inflows, and an upward trend in ion concentrations throughout the year, with significantly higher concentrations of Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42, registered through May to November, reflecting the severe drought felt in the summer, autumn, and winter. The evaluation of water quality for irrigation indicated a slight to moderate risk of reduced infiltration rates, which should be considered whenever sprinkler irrigation is used, mainly in fine-textured soils, which are prevalent in the irrigated area. The multivariate statistical approach, using principal component analysis and factor analysis, identified two principal components related to salinity and nutrient concentrations. The cluster analysis revealed three groups of similarity between samples pointing to a more time- than space-controlled pattern. Overall, the temporal dynamics of the water physicochemical parameters could indicate that an abnormal annual distribution of precipitation and temperature may distort seasonal differences. To prevent water and soil degradation, a more frequent assessment of the water quality should be considered, allowing for the selection of appropriate soil and water management measures in irrigated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tomaz
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295, Beja, Portugal.
- GeoBioTec, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Palma
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295, Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Sofia Fialho
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S/N, 7800-295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvarenga
- LEAF - Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Potes
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Salgado
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Temporal and Spatial Study of Water Quality and Trophic Evaluation of a Large Tropical Reservoir. ENVIRONMENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/environments6060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A water quality study was carried out at the Adolfo López Mateos (ALM) reservoir, one of the largest tropical reservoirs in Mexico, located within an intensive agricultural region. In this study, the seasonal and spatial variations of nine water quality parameters were evaluated at four different sites along the reservoir semiannually over a period of seven years (2012–2018), considering the spring (dry) and fall (rainy) seasons. An analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean values of the water quality parameters for the different sampling sites. Then, a multiparametric classification analysis was carried out to estimate the spatial density of the sampling points by using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier. The observations (seasonal and spatial) of the water quality parameters at the ALM reservoir revealed no significant influence. The trophic status was evaluated using the Carlson Modified Trophic State Index, finding the trophic state of the reservoir at the mesotrophic level, with nitrogen being the limiting nutrient. The PNN revealed neural interactions between total suspended solids (TSS) and the other four parameters, indicating that the concentration ranges of five parameters are equally distributed and classified.
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Palma P, López-Orozco R, Mourinha C, Oropesa AL, Novais MH, Alvarenga P. Assessment of the environmental impact of an abandoned mine using an integrative approach: A case-study of the "Las Musas" mine (Extremadura, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:84-94. [PMID: 30597472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mine abandonment is generally associated with the release of potentially toxic metals into the environment, which may depend on metals speciation, soil properties and climate conditions. The goal of the present work was to assess the environmental impact of the abandoned Pb-Zn mine "Las Musas" (Spain) using an integrative approach. The impact on soils and surface waters was performed using: chemical parameters, quantification of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn), and ecotoxicological responses using lethal and sub-lethal bioassays with organisms' representative of different trophic level ((soil: Eisenia fetida (mortality and reproduction test); Latuca sativa and Lollium perenne (seedling emergence); and water: Vibrio fischeri (luminescence inhibition), Daphnia magna (immobility and reproduction test), Thamnocephalus platyurus (mortality), Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (growth inhibition)). The results showed soils with neutral to slight alkaline pH (7.64-8.18), low electric conductivity (125-953 μS/cm) and low organic matter levels (0.20-1.85%). For most of the soil samples, Pb was the only metal which surpassed the limit proposed by the Canadian soil quality guidelines, with values ranging from 42.2 to 181.4 mg/kg. The ecotoxicological results showed that the soils with the highest levels of Pb induced a decrease on E. fetida reproduction and on L. sativa germination, indicating negative impacts on the habitat function. The analysis of the surface waters showed levels of Zn surpassing the legal limit adopted from the Water Framework Directive (37.0 to 69.0 μg/L). The ecotoxicological results highlight the importance of bioassays that evaluate the behavior of species, when assessing the risk of mining areas with non-acid soils and waters with high nutrients/organic matter concentrations and low concentrations of potentially toxic metals. The results indicated a moderate environmental risk from potentially toxic metals, at the areas analyzed around the Azuaga mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Palma
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal; ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Rocío López-Orozco
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Mourinha
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - Ana Lourdes Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain; INBIO G+C - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Maria Helena Novais
- ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paula Alvarenga
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture, and Food Research Unit (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Reservoirs in the Lowland Area of Western Poland: Concentrations, Distribution, Sources and Ecological Risk. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of heavy metals (HMs) concentrations in six retention reservoirs located in the lowland area of western Poland. The objectives of this study were to analyze the Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations, assess contamination and ecological risk, analyze the spatial variability of HM concentrations and identify potential sources and factors determining the concentration and spatial distribution. The bottom sediment pollution by HMs was assessed on the basis of the index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and metal pollution index (MPI). To assess the ecological risk associated with multiple HMs, the mean probable effect concentration (PEC) quotient (Qm-PEC) and the toxic risk index (TRI) were used. In order to determine the similarities and differences between sampling sites in regard to the HM concentration, cluster analysis (CA) was applied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the impact of grain size, total organic matter (TOM) content and sampling site location on HM spatial distribution. Additionally, PCA was used to assess the impact of catchment, reservoir characteristics and hydrological conditions. The values of Igeo, EF, MPI and PLI show that Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb mainly originate from geogenic sources. In contrast, Zn concentrations come from point sources related to agriculture. The mean PEC quotient (Qm-PEC) and TRI value show that the greatest ecological risk occurred at the inlet to the reservoir and near the dam. The analysis showed that the HMs concentration depends on silt and sand content. However, the Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn concentrations are associated with TOM as well. The relationship between individual HMs and silt was stronger than with TOM. The PCA results indicate that HMs with the exception of Zn originate from geogenic sources—weathering of rock material. However, the Ni concentration may additionally depend on road traffic. The results show that a reservoir with more frequent water exchange has higher HMs concentrations, whereas the Zn concentration in bottom sediments is associated with agricultural point sources.
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Palma P, Matos C, Alvarenga P, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Simões I, Barceló D, López de Alda MJ. Ecological and ecotoxicological responses in the assessment of the ecological status of freshwater systems: A case-study of the temporary stream Brejo of Cagarrão (South of Portugal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:394-406. [PMID: 29627563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the integrated use of macroinvertebrate indexes and ecotoxicological parameters in the evaluation of the ecological status of a temporary stream with a strong agricultural influence. Water quality was analysed at two sampling sites along the stream, considering: chemical supporting parameters; hazardous substances (pesticides); benthic macroinvertebrate communities, through quality (Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party and Iberian Average Score Per Taxon) and multi-metric indices (Southern Portuguese Index of Invertebrates and Ecological Quality Ratio); and ecotoxicological responses using lethal and sub-lethal bioassays. The water chemical characterization showed high levels of organic matter and nutrients, mainly in the dry period ((biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 18.5-25.5mgL-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD): 60.8-193.7mgL-1; total phosphorus (TP): 0.17-0.33mgL-1)), which may compromise the support of biological life. In accordance with the physicochemical results, the stream had an ecological status less than good. Of the 25 pesticides analysed, only five, namely terbuthylazine, 2-methyl-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, bentazone, mecoprop and metolachlor were quantified. In general, the concentrations of pesticides detected were low, except at the source of the stream in January 2012 (sum of pesticides 2.29μgL-1), mainly due to the concentration of bentazone (1.77μgL-1), both values surpassing the European Commission threshold values. The analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates showed low levels of abundance and family diversity, with communities dominated by resistant groups to organic pollution and pesticides, such as the Chironomidae family. In general, the reproduction ecotoxicological results showed a very marked decrease in the number of juveniles per female. The Spearman correlation identified pesticides, namely MCPA (R=-0.89; p<0.05), as the main responsible for the observed effect. The results showed the linearity and complementarity of the two groups of biological responses, allowing to cover the interactions between the ecosystem's species and the different types of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal.
| | - C Matos
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - P Alvarenga
- LEAF, Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Köck-Schulmeyer
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Simões
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M J López de Alda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Correlation Analysis of Rainstorm Runoff and Density Current in a Canyon-Shaped Source Water Reservoir: Implications for Reservoir Optimal Operation. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Samiotis G, Trikoilidou E, Tsikritzis L, Amanatidou E. Comparative water quality assessment between a young and a stabilized hydroelectric reservoir in Aliakmon River, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:234. [PMID: 29557521 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comparative study on the water quality characteristics of two in-line water reservoirs (artificial lakes) in Aliakmon River (Western Macedonia, Greece) is performed. Polyfytos Reservoir and Ilarion Reservoir were created in 1975 and 2012 respectively, in order to serve the homonymous hydroelectric stations. In young artificial lakes, severe deterioration of water quality may occur; thus, the monitoring and assessment of their water quality characteristics and their statistical interpretation are of great importance. In order to evaluate any temporal or spatial variations and to characterize water quality of these two in-line water reservoirs, water quality data from measurements conducted from 2012 to 2015 were statistically processed and interpreted by using a modified National Sanitation Foundation water quality index (WQI). The water physicochemical characteristics of the two reservoirs were found to be generally within the legislation limits, with relatively small temporal and spatial variations. Although Polyfytos Reservoir showed no significant deviations of its water quality, Ilarion Reservoir exhibited deviations in total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total suspended solids, and turbidity due to the inundated vegetation decomposition. The conducted measurements and the use of the modified NSFWQI revealed that during the inundation period of Ilarion Reservoir, its water quality was "moderate" and that the deviations were softened through time, leading to "good" water quality during its maturation period. Three years since the creation of Ilarion Reservoir, water quality does not match that of Aliakmon River (feeding water) or that of the stabilized reservoir (Polyfytos Reservoir), whose quality is characterized as "high." The use of a WQI, such as the proposed modified NSFWQI, for evaluating water quality of each sampling site and of an entire water system proved to be a rapid and relatively accurate assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Samiotis
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Greece.
| | - Eleni Trikoilidou
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tsikritzis
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Greece
| | - Elisavet Amanatidou
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 50100, Kozani, Greece
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Zheng H, Lei X, Shang Y, Duan Y, Kong L, Jiang Y, Wang H. Sudden water pollution accidents and reservoir emergency operations: impact analysis at Danjiangkou Reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:787-803. [PMID: 28355129 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1311945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Danjiangkou Reservoir is the source reservoir of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP). Any sudden water pollution accident in the reservoir would threaten the water supply of the MRP. We established a 3-D hydrodynamic and water quality model for the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and proposed scientific suggestions on the prevention and emergency management for sudden water pollution accidents based on simulated results. Simulations were performed on 20 hypothetical pollutant discharge locations and 3 assumed amounts, in order to model the effect of pollutant spreading under different reservoir operation types. The results showed that both the location and mass of pollution affected water quality; however, different reservoir operation types had little effect. Five joint regulation scenarios, which altered the hydrodynamic processes of water conveyance for the Danjiangkou and Taocha dams, were considered for controlling pollution dispersion. The results showed that the spread of a pollutant could be effectively controlled through the joint regulation of the two dams and that the collaborative operation of the Danjiangkou and Taocha dams is critical for ensuring the security of water quality along the MRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhen Zheng
- a Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Lei
- b State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Shang
- b State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Duan
- c China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhong Kong
- a Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhong Jiang
- b State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- a Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
- b State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Woldeab B, Beyene A, Ambelu A, Buffam I, Mereta ST. Seasonal and spatial variation of reservoir water quality in the southwest of Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:163. [PMID: 29470719 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the spatiotemporal variation of water quality in the Gilgel Gibe reservoir, Ethiopia, using physicochemical water quality parameters. Nonparametric tests and multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate data sets measured during dry and rainy seasons. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3-), total dissolved solids (TDSs), and total suspended solids (TSSs) were all significantly different among seasons (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01). In addition, principal component analysis distinguished dry season samples from wet season samples. The dry season was positively associated with EC, pH, TP, TN, NO3-, TDS, and TSS and negatively associated with BOD5. The wet season was in contrast associated with high values of turbidity, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), water temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Within the reservoir, spatial variation was observed for some of the water quality parameters, with significant difference at p = < 0.05. Overall, high nutrient concentrations suggest eutrophic conditions, likely due to high nutrient loading from the watershed. Levels of TSS, attributed to inputs from tributaries, have been excessive enough to inhibit light penetration and thus have a considerable impact on the aquatic food web. Our findings indicate that the reservoir is at high risk of eutrophication and siltation, and hence, urgent action should target the planning and implementation of integrated watershed management for this and similar reservoirs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizuneh Woldeab
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebe Beyene
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ishi Buffam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Qiao X, Zheng B, Chang S, Fu Q. Investigation of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water in the tributaries of Danjiangkou Reservoir. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:170624. [PMID: 29410793 PMCID: PMC5792870 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of the efforts to ensure adequate supply of quality water from Danjiangkou Reservoir to Beijing, surface water samples were taken from the tributaries of Danjiangkou Reservoir in the normal (May), flood (August) and dry (December) seasons of 2014, and characterized for nitrogen and phosphorus contents as specified in the applicable standards. Test results indicated that (i) the organic pollution in the Sihe and Shendinghe rivers was more serious than those in other tributaries, and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus favoured the growth of most algae; (ii) total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were in the forms of dissolved phosphorus (DTP), dissolved nitrogen (DTN) and nitrate nitrogen [Formula: see text], respectively, in these seasons; (iii) compared with nitrogen, phosphorus was more likely to block an overrun of phytoplankton; (iv) TN, TP, permanganate index (CODMn) and other ions were positively correlated. These findings are helpful for the government to develop effective measures to protect the source water in Danjingkou Reservoir from pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
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Sediment-Water Methane Flux in a Eutrophic Pond and Primary Influential Factors at Different Time Scales. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Annamalai SK, Arunachalam KD, Selvaraj R. Natural radionuclide dose and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish and water from fresh water reservoirs near the proposed uranium mining site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15427-15443. [PMID: 28508337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (<0.5 ppb). The maximum permissible limits in water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are 238U-10 Bq/l, 210Po-0.1 Bq/l, 226Ra-1 Bq/l, and 210Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the public, implicating that the fishes from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam reservoir are safe for human consumption except the fisherman community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathesh Kumar Annamalai
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Rajaram Selvaraj
- Environmental Survey Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
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López-Doval JC, Montagner CC, de Alburquerque AF, Moschini-Carlos V, Umbuzeiro G, Pompêo M. Nutrients, emerging pollutants and pesticides in a tropical urban reservoir: Spatial distributions and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1307-1324. [PMID: 27745929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs located in urban areas suffer specific pressures related to human activities. Their monitoring, management, and protection requirements differ from reservoirs situated in non-urbanized areas. The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the concentrations of select pesticides and emerging pollutants (EPs) present in an urban reservoir; (b) to describe their possible spatial distributions; and (c) to quantify the risks for aquatic life and safeguard drinking water supplies. For this purpose, the Guarapiranga reservoir was studied as an example of a multi-stressed urban reservoir in a tropical region. A total of 31 organic compounds (including pesticides, illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors) were analyzed twice over a period of one year, together with classical indicators of water quality. The physical and chemical data were treated using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify possible temporal or spatial patterns. Risk assessment was performed for biota and drinking water use, comparing maximum environmental concentrations (MECs) with the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) or drinking water quality criteria (DWC), respectively. The results demonstrated the presence of pesticides and EPs, as well as pollution by high levels of nutrients and Chlorophyll a (Chl. a), during the study period. The nutrients and Trophic State Index (TSI) showed gradients in the reservoir and regional distributions, while the pesticides and EPs only clearly showed this pattern in the dry season. The concentrations and distributions of the pesticides and EPs therefore showed seasonality. These findings suggested that the two groups of pollutants (EPs+pesticides and nutrients) possessed different sources and behavior and were not always correlated in the reservoir studied. In the studied period, no risk was observed in raw water for drinking water use, but carbendazim, imidacloprid, and BPA showed risks for the biota in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C López-Doval
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- São Paulo State University -UNESP, Environmental Sciences Program, Avenida Três de Março 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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García-Ordiales E, Esbrí JM, Covelli S, López-Berdonces MA, Higueras PL, Loredo J. Heavy metal contamination in sediments of an artificial reservoir impacted by long-term mining activity in the Almadén mercury district (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6024-38. [PMID: 26062457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sediments from the Castilseras reservoir, located downstream on the Valdeazogues River in the Almadén mercury district, were collected to assess the potential contamination status related to metals(oids) associated with river sediment inputs from several decommissioned mines. Metals(oids) concentrations in the reservoir sediments were investigated using different physical and chemical techniques. The results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to explain the correlations between the sets of variables. The degree of contamination was evaluated using the enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). PCA revealed that the silty fraction is the main metals(oids) carrier in the sediments. Among the potentially harmful elements, there is a group (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) that cannot be strictly correlated to the mining activity since their concentrations depend on the lithological and edaphological characteristics of the materials. In contrast, As, Co, Hg, Pb, and S showed significant enrichment and contamination, thus suggesting relevant contributions from the decommissioned mines through fluvial sediment inputs. As far as Hg and S are concerned, the high enrichment levels pose a question concerning the potential environmental risk of transfer of the organic forms of Hg (mainly methylmercury) from the bottom sediments to the aquatic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén García-Ordiales
- Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - José María Esbrí
- IGEA, Biogeochemistry Laboratory of Heavy Metals, UCLM, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Stefano Covelli
- Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Pablo L Higueras
- IGEA, Biogeochemistry Laboratory of Heavy Metals, UCLM, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jorge Loredo
- Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Cunha DGF, Benassi SF, de Falco PB, Calijuri MDC. Trophic State Evolution and Nutrient Trapping Capacity in a Transboundary Subtropical Reservoir: A 25-Year Study. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 57:649-659. [PMID: 26604008 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reservoirs have been used for drinking water supply, other human activities, flood control and pollution abatement worldwide, providing overall benefits to downstream water quality. Most reservoirs in Brazil were built during the 1970s, but their long-term patterns of trophic status, water chemistry, and nutrient removal are still not very well characterized. We aimed to evaluate water quality time series (1985-2010) data from the riverine and lacustrine zones of the transboundary Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil/Paraguay). We examined total phosphorus and nitrogen, chlorophyll a concentrations, water transparency, and phytoplankton density to look for spatial and temporal trends and correlations with trophic state evolution and nutrient retention. There was significant temporal and spatial water quality variation (P < 0.01, ANCOVA). The results indicated that the water quality and structure of the reservoir were mainly affected by one internal force (hydrodynamics) and one external force (upstream cascading reservoirs). Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations tended to be lower in the lacustrine zone and decreased over the 25-year timeframe. Reservoir operational features seemed to be limiting primary production and phytoplankton development, which exhibited a maximum density of 6050 org/mL. The relatively small nutrient concentrations in the riverine zone were probably related to the effect of the cascade reservoirs upstream of Itaipu and led to relatively low removal percentages. Our study suggested that water quality problems may be more pronounced immediately after the filling phase of the artificial reservoirs, associated with the initial decomposition of drowned vegetation at the very beginning of reservoir operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Simone Frederigi Benassi
- Itaipu Binacional, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 6731, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Calijuri
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
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Palma P, Ledo L, Alvarenga P. Ecotoxicological endpoints, are they useful tools to support ecological status assessment in strongly modified water bodies? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:119-129. [PMID: 26402482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although man-made reservoirs represent an important water supply source in countries where water scarcity has become a problem, little work has been done on the evaluation of their ecological status. Taking this in account, the general aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of ecotoxicological endpoints in the potential ecological status characterization of water reservoirs, with the purpose of their possible integration in evaluation programs developed under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). To achieve this purpose, a group of bioassays were selected to evaluate both water and sediment compartments at the Alqueva reservoir (the biggest from the Iberian Peninsula), with representative species from different taxonomic and functional groups: Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens. The ecotoxicological assessment showed that sublethal endpoints (e.g., luminescence, growth or reproduction), would be more useful and sensitive to identify toxicity patterns in this type of water body. In general, the results from this ecotoxicological toolbox agreed with the potential ecological status established according to the WFD, which indicates that the bioassays complement the ecological assessment. Furthermore, the use of an ecotoxicological approach can be extremely useful, especially in cases where the biotic indices are difficult to establish, such as in man-made reservoirs. However, when pollutant concentrations are very low, and/or when nutrients and organic matter concentrations are high, the two approaches do not fit, requiring further research to determine which organisms are more sensitive and the best biotic indices to use under those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; CIMA - Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Edifício 7, Piso 1, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Universitário de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - L Ledo
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - P Alvarenga
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; LEAF - Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ma W, Huang T, Li X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Zeng K. The Effects of Storm Runoff on Water Quality and the Coping Strategy of a Deep Canyon-Shaped Source Water Reservoir in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:7839-55. [PMID: 26184258 PMCID: PMC4515694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120707839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Storm runoff events in the flooding season affect the water quality of reservoirs and increase risks to the water supply, but coping strategies have seldom been reported. The phenomenon of turbid current intrusion resulting in water turbidity and anoxic conditions reappearing after storm runoff, resulting in the deterioration of water quality, was observed in the flooding season in the deep canyon-shaped Heihe Reservoir. The objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of storm runoff on the Heihe Reservoir water quality and find a coping strategy. In this study, an intensive sampling campaign measuring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrients, and metals were conducted in the reservoir over a period of two years, and the water-lifting aerators were improved to achieve single aeration and a full layer of mixing and oxygenation functions using different volumes of gas. The operation of the improved water-lifting aerators mixed the reservoir three months ahead of the natural mixing time, and good water quality was maintained during the induced mixing period, thereby extending the good water quality period. The results can provide an effective coping strategy to improve the water quality of a source water reservoir and ensure the safety of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
| | - Zizhen Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
| | - Kang Zeng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710043, China.
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30
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Palma P, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Alvarenga P, Ledo L, de Alda ML, Barceló D. Occurrence and potential risk of currently used pesticides in sediments of the Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7665-7675. [PMID: 25874427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of sediments, concerning to pesticides, constitutes an important step for the understanding of the principal sources of contamination of the surface water. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate for the first time the occurrence, distribution and risk of pesticides in sediments of the Alqueva reservoir, the largest reservoir in the Europe. For this purpose, the occurrence of 22 pesticides and some of their degradation products was determined in surficial sediments of the Alqueva reservoir. To assess the potential risk on ecosystem, the measured concentrations of pesticides were compared with regulatory and toxicological benchmarks. Of the 22 pesticides analysed, only 8 were detected. Diuron was the pesticide detected in greater concentration, followed by terbuthylazine and chlortoluron. The sediments most polluted by pesticides were from Lucefécit, constituted totally by fine particles (<0.063 mm) and with high values of organic matter, and are located nearby large agricultural fields. The risk assessment allowed us to conclude that the sediments from the Alqueva reservoir presented low risk, concerning to pesticides, for the various communities that integrate the aquatic ecosystems. However, some of the compounds detected present a high potential for bioaccumulation that may lead to their bioamplification in the trophic chain, reaching concentrations higher than their acceptable daily intake, putting, in this way the populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares S/N, Apartado 6155, 7800-295, Beja, Portugal,
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31
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Nascimento MA, Magri ME, Schissi CD, Barardi CR. Recombinant adenovirus as a model to evaluate the efficiency of free chlorine disinfection in filtered water samples. Virol J 2015; 12:30. [PMID: 25889833 PMCID: PMC4349469 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, ordinance no. 2,914/2011 of the Ministry of Health requires the absence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in treated water. However it is essential that water treatment is effective against all pathogens. Disinfection in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) is commonly performed with chlorine. METHODS The recombinant adenovirus (rAdV), which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) when cultivated in HEK 293A cells, was chosen as a model to evaluate the efficiency of chlorine for human adenovirus (HAdV) inactivation in filtered water samples from two WTPs: Lagoa do Peri (pH 6.9) and Morro dos Quadros (pH 6.5). Buffered demand free (BDF) water (pH 6.9 and 8.0) was used as control. The samples were previously submitted to physicochemical characterization, and bacteriological analysis. Two free chlorine concentrations and two temperatures were assayed for all samples (0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 15°C, and 20°C). Fluorescence microscopy (FM) was used to check viral infectivity in vitro and qPCR as a molecular method to determine viral genome copies. Real treated water samples from the WTP (at the output of WTP and the distribution network) were also evaluated for total coliforms, E. coli and HAdV. RESULTS The time required to inactivate 4log₁₀ of rAdV was less than 1 min, when analyzed by FM, except for BDF pH 8.0 (up to 2.5 min for 4log₁₀). The pH had a significant influence on the efficiency of disinfection. The qPCR assay was not able to provide information regarding rAdV inactivation. The data were modeled (Chick-Watson), and the observed Ct values were comparable with the values reported in the literature and smaller than the values recommended by the EPA. In the treated water samples, HAdV was detected in the distribution network of the WTP Morro dos Quadros (2.75 × 10(3) PFU/L). CONCLUSION The Chick-Watson model proved to have adjusted well to the experimental conditions used, and it was possible to prove that the adenoviruses were rapidly inactivated in the surface water treated with chlorine and that the recombinant adenovirus expressing GFP is a good model for this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Nascimento
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Maria E Magri
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Camila D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Célia Rm Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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