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Gackowska A, Studziński W, Kudlek E, Przybyłek M. Environmental fate and ecotoxicity of diclofenac degradation products generated by photo-assisted advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 489:137708. [PMID: 40010220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), poses environmental concerns due to its persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and transformation into toxic byproducts during oxidative and chlorination processes. This study investigated the photodegradation of DCF, both directly and in the presence of oxidants, to characterize the resulting degradation products and assess their potential environmental impact. The highest efficiency for direct UV photodegradation of DCF was observed at pH 5, while the addition of oxidants significantly accelerated the degradation rate. Among the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) examined, the H₂O₂/UV system, with a DCF:H₂O₂ molar ratio of 1:30, exhibited the most effective performance in terms of DCF removal and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. However, ecotoxicity assessments using Alivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, and Lemna minor revealed that AOPs generally increased the toxicity of the resulting solutions compared to untreated DCF. Toxicity analyses showed that post-reaction mixtures from AOPs involving NaOCl exhibited the highest toxic effects, consistent with forming specific transformation products identified as highly toxic by ECOSAR modeling. Additionally, the analysis of the physicochemical properties of DCF and its transformation products, including solubility and organic matter affinity, suggests a limited potential for long-range transport. These compounds are more likely to bind to sediments, reducing their mobility in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Gackowska
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, Bydgoszcz 85-326, Poland
| | - Waldemar Studziński
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, Bydgoszcz 85-326, Poland.
| | - Edyta Kudlek
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Faculty of Energy And Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Kurpińskiego 5, Bydgoszcz 85-950, Poland
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Larson JH, Lowe MR, Bailey SW, Bell AH, Cleveland DM. Effect of copper mill waste material on benthic invertebrates and zooplankton diversity and abundance. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0318980. [PMID: 40029867 PMCID: PMC11875367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) stamp mill mining in North America from the early 1900s produced a pulverized ore by-product now known as stamp sands (SS). In a mining operation near the city of Gay (Michigan, USA), SS were originally deposited near a Lake Superior beach, but erosion and wave action have moved many SS into beaches and reefs that are critical spawning and nursery areas for native fish (e.g., Lake Whitefish). Larval and juvenile native fish consume zooplankton and benthic invertebrates during their development, and many of these invertebrate taxa may be sensitive to metal contamination from the SS. Here, we sampled the invertebrate community from beaches with high SS, moderate SS and low SS, as well as a control beach 58 km from the source of the SS. The high SS site was characterized by fewer benthic taxa, and less density of several taxa than the low SS site, especially benthic copepods. All beaches had comparable zooplankton diversity, but the abundance was ~ 2 orders of magnitude lower at the high SS site. Cu and several other metals were elevated at beaches with more SS. We found support for associations between benthic density and diversity with depth (positive effect) and Cu concentration (negative effect). Cu concentration was a better predictor of declines in benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity than SS although sensitivity to Cu varied among taxa. We also observed that the relationship between Cu concentration and SS was non-linear, and highly variable. For example, 149 mg Cu/kg dry weight sediment is a consensus threshold used in the literature to identify Cu toxicity, but the prediction interval for estimating that concentration of Cu from measurements of SS is 26-851 mg Cu/kg dry weight. A better predictive model of this relationship would be beneficial to develop an understanding of what level of SS reduction would prevent Cu impacts on invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Larson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Lowe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sean W. Bailey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amanda H. Bell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Cleveland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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Vieira JL, Dantas ICD, Oliveira AVS, Rodríguez MTT, Menezes FGRDE, Mendonça KVDE. Toxicological risks assessment in the Jaguaribe River watershed (Ceará, Brazil) using anthropogenic contamination reports and ecotoxicological analysis. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20240226. [PMID: 39570172 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The economic development of human activities contributes to the discharge of many anthropogenic pollutants. To assess the environmental risks in the Jaguaribe River, the most important river in the hydrographic region of the Eastern Northeast Atlantic, a bibliographic review of scientific articles and a series of ecotoxicological bioassays were conducted. The bioassays were conducted using sediment samples at six collection sites along the river, while the bibliographic review was used to identify the presence of anthropogenic contaminants in sediment and tissue samples of aquatic organisms within two km of each of the sediment collection sites. The bibliographic review showed the presence of thirty-eight anthropogenic pollutants in sediment samples and seven in tissue samples of aquatic organisms. The ecotoxicological bioassays showed that the sediment samples produced lethal and sublethal effects in the four tested representatives of the different trophic levels: Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, Allium cepa and Cucumis sativus. The presence of multiple anthropogenic pollutants in the Jaguaribe River and the observed lethal and sublethal effects in ecotoxicological bioassays suggest potential risks not only to the aquatic ecosystem but also to human health. Humans may be exposed to these contaminants through the consumption of water and aquatic organisms, leading to potential health issues such as increased cancer risk. The findings underscore the urgent need for regular monitoring and effective pollution control measures to mitigate these health risks and protect the well-being of local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhones L Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Igor C D Dantas
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Avenida Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 825, Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Vládila S Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Avenida Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 825, Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina Teresa T Rodríguez
- Fundação Cearense Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP), Av. Oliveira Paiva, 941, Cidade dos Funcionários, 60822-131 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Gleire R DE Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Avenida Mister Hull, s/n, Bloco 825, Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Kamila V DE Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Leyva-Morales JB, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Salvatierra-Stamp VDC, González-Márquez LC, Davizon YA, Márquez-Pacheco H, Amillano-Cisneros JM, Cruz-Acevedo E, Amézquita-López BA, Romo Gómez C, De la Torre Espinosa ZY, Rodríguez-Aguilar BA. Temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment for pesticides in water from the north-central coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35207. [PMID: 39170137 PMCID: PMC11337721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water contamination with pesticides is one of the major pollution problems in northwestern Mexico, and this is due to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. In this research, water samples of ten sampling sites (fishing grounds, beaches, and both) were analyzed in the search for 28 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, among other chemical classes), supplemented with a calculation of the resulting potential environmental risk. Pesticides were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to electron micro-capture (organohalogenated) and pulsed flame photometric detectors (organophosphates). In addition, the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides in algae, invertebrates, and fish was assessed, based on seawater pesticide concentrations using the Risk Quotient (RQ) and Toxic Units (TU) approach. The results showed 18 pesticides identified in the analyzed samples, where cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were identified with the maximum concentrations of 1.223 and 0.994 μg L-1, respectively. In addition, these two pesticides have been associated with acute toxic effects on algae, invertebrates, and fish. It is important to pay particular attention to the search for long-term alternatives to the use of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin due to their high detection rates and the risks associated with their toxic properties. However, the adoption of alternative measures to synthetic pesticide control should be a priority, moving towards sustainable practices such as the use of biopesticides, crop rotation and polycultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80396, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Carlos González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología-Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, C.P. 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Yasser A. Davizon
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Av. Tecnológico No. 1340, Fracc. El Crucero, Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32500, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Los Mochis, Juan de Dios, Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis, C.P. 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Henri Márquez-Pacheco
- Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote km. 3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Mateo Amillano-Cisneros
- Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote Km.3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Edgar Cruz-Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Bianca Anabel Amézquita-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez y Blvd. de las Américas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, C.P. 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudia Romo Gómez
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Zamaria Yoselin De la Torre Espinosa
- Departamento de Salud-Licenciatura en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av. Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Brian Arturo Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
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Leppanen MT, Sourisseau S, Burgess RM, Simpson SL, Sibley P, Jonker MTO. Sediment Toxicity Tests: A Critical Review of Their use in Environmental Regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1697-1716. [PMID: 38597781 PMCID: PMC11326746 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sediments are an integral component of aquatic systems, linking multiple water uses, functions, and services. Contamination of sediments by chemicals is a worldwide problem, with many jurisdictions trying to prevent future pollution (prospective) and manage existing contamination (retrospective). The present review assesses the implementation of sediment toxicity testing in environmental regulations globally. Currently, the incorporation of sediment toxicity testing in regulations is most common in the European Union (EU), North America, and Australasian regions, with some expansion in Asia and non-EU Europe. Employing sediment toxicity testing in prospective assessments (i.e., before chemicals are allowed on the market) is most advanced and harmonized with pesticides. In the retrospective assessment of environmental risks (i.e., chemicals already contaminating sediments), regulatory sediment toxicity testing practices are applied inconsistently on the global scale. International harmonization of sediment toxicity tests is considered an asset and has been successful through the widespread adoption and deployment of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. On the other hand, retrospective sediment assessments benefit from incorporating regional species and protocols. Currently used toxicity testing species are diverse, with temperate species being applied most often, whereas test protocols are insufficiently flexible to appropriately address the range of environmental contaminants, including nanomaterials, highly hydrophobic contaminants, and ionized chemicals. The ever-increasing and -changing pressures placed on aquatic resources are a challenge for protection and management efforts, calling for continuous sediment toxicity test method improvement to insure effective use in regulatory frameworks. Future developments should focus on including more subtle and specific toxicity endpoints (e.g., incorporating bioavailability-based in vitro tests) and genomic techniques, extending sediment toxicity testing from single to multispecies approaches, and providing a better link with ecological protection goals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1697-1716. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M Burgess
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | | | - Paul Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiel T O Jonker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Heß S, Hof D, Oetken M, Sundermann A. Macroinvertebrate communities respond strongly but non-specifically to a toxicity gradient derived by effect-based methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124330. [PMID: 38848961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is one of the most important threats to freshwater ecosystems. The plethora of potentially occurring chemicals and their effects in complex mixtures challenge standard monitoring methods. Effect-based methods (EBMs) are proposed as complementary tools for the assessment of chemical pollution and toxic effects. To investigate the effects of chemical pollution, the ecological relevance of EBMs and the potential of macroinvertebrates as toxicity-specific bioindicators, ecological and ecotoxicological data were linked. Baseline toxicity, mutagenicity, dioxin-like and estrogenic activity of water and sediment samples from 30 river sites in central Germany were quantified with four in vitro bioassays. The responses of macroinvertebrate communities at these sites were assessed by calculating 16 taxonomic and functional metrics and by investigating changes in the taxonomic and trait composition. Principal component analysis revealed an increase in toxicity along a joint gradient of chemicals with different modes of action. This toxicity gradient was associated with a decrease in biodiversity and ecological quality, as well as significant changes in taxonomic and functional composition. The strength of the effects suggested a strong impact of chemical pollution and underlined the suitability of EBMs in detecting ecological relevant effects. However, the metrics, taxa, and traits associated with vulnerability or tolerance to toxicity were found to also respond to other stressors in previous studies and thus may have only a low potential as toxicity-specific bioindicators. Because macroinvertebrates respond integratively to all present stressors, linking both ecological and environmental monitoring is necessary to investigate the overall effects but also isolate individual stressors. EBMs have a high potential to separate the toxicity of chemical mixtures from other stressors in a multiple stressor scenario, as well as identifying the presence of chemical groups with specific modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heß
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Delia Hof
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Sundermann
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystr. 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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7
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Mac Loughlin TM, Marino DJG, Bahl MF, Peluso ML. Whole-sediment toxicity bioassays with Hyalella curvispina as a valuable bioanalytical tool for assessing pesticide risks in watercourses with different types of agro-productive activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168286. [PMID: 37924881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The current Argentine agricultural production model is dependent on agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. Extensive agriculture and horticulture are the two major productive activities that use copious amounts of pesticides. Extensive agriculture is characterized by areas of 50 to 100 ha of a single crop, while peri-urban horticulture is characterized by intense land use, with farms ranging from 1 to 3 ha cultivated with a variety of vegetables. Despite the relevance of pesticides, data on their effects on the biota associated with nearby watercourses are scarce. Given this paucity of knowledge, the objective of the present work was to assess the relative impact of extensive agriculture and horticulture on sediment quality in representative watercourses by conducting whole-sediment toxicity bioassays with the native amphipod Hyalella curvispina. The lower Gualeguay Basin, in the Province of Entre Ríos, was selected as a representative watercourse impacted by extensive agriculture, and the Carnaval Creek, on the periphery of La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, was selected as a horticulture-impacted watercourse. Growth inhibition (sublethal effect) was observed in both systems, whereas mortality (lethal effect) was largely observed in horticulture. The observed effects were integrated with pesticide concentrations in the same sediments and correlated by multivariate analysis, revealing that toxicity was mainly due to insecticides, particularly λ-cyhalothrin. Therefore, horticultural practices and their associated pesticide use could potentially endanger the benthic fauna of nearby watercourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás M Mac Loughlin
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), FCEx-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), FCEx-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ma Florencia Bahl
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), FCEx-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ma Leticia Peluso
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), FCEx-UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fraga PD, de Mello Gabriel GV, do Carmo JB, Espindola ELG, Pinto TJDS. Sugarcane vinasse provokes acute and chronic responses and bioaccumulation of metals in benthic macroinvertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4067-4079. [PMID: 38097830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Brazil is a major producer of sugarcane bioethanol, which has raised concerns about its environmental impact. The industrial process for obtaining ethanol generates a by-product with a high pollution potential called vinasse. If vinasse reaches watercourses, it may affect the biological communities, such as the aquatic macroinvertebrates, which include species sensitive to environmental contamination. Thus, this study evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of sugarcane vinasse on tropical benthic macroinvertebrates (Allonais inaequalis, Chironomus sancticaroli, Strandesia trispinosa, and Hyalella meinerti). The study was divided into three phases. First, acute toxicity tests were carried out with the four species. The species A. inaequalis (average LC50 = 0.460% confidence interval, CI 0.380-0.540%) was more sensitive to vinasse than C. sancticaroli (LC50 0.721%, CI 0.565-0.878%), H. meinerti (EC50 0.781%, CI 0.637-0.925%), and S. trispinosa (EC50 1.283%, CI 1.045-1.522%). In the second phase, the consequences of chronic exposure to vinasse were assessed in the two more sensitive species. Impairments in reproduction and population growth rates for A. inaequalis and on the development, metamorphosis, and body growth of C. sancticaroli larvae occurred. Finally, the bioaccumulation of metals after chronic exposure was determined in the third phase. Vinasse provoked decreases in the body residue of the essential metals Zn and Mn and the accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Cr with the potential for biomagnification throughout the food webs. Low concentrations of vinasse (below 1%) provoked lethal and sublethal effects on benthic organisms, with several cascade effects on aquatic environments, given the ecological importance of this group in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscille Dreux Fraga
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), Center of Water Resources and Environmental Studies (CRHEA), Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology (NEEA), University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Gabriele Verônica de Mello Gabriel
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, SP-264, Km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme Dos Santos, SP-264, Km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), Center of Water Resources and Environmental Studies (CRHEA), Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology (NEEA), University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Sciences, EESC/CRHEA, NEEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), Center of Water Resources and Environmental Studies (CRHEA), Nucleus of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology (NEEA), University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Park J, Shin K, Lee H, Choi S, Kim G, Depuydt S, De Saeger J, Heynderickx PM, Wu D, Asselman J, Janssen C, Han T. Evaluating ecotoxicological assays for comprehensive risk assessment of toxic metals present in industrial wastewaters in the Republic of Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161536. [PMID: 36638998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity tests represent a rapid, user-friendly and cost-effective means to assess the impact of wastewater quality on aquatic ecosystems. There are not many cases where wastewater management standards are set based on various bio-based ecotoxicity values. Here, we tested a novel multitaxon approach to compare standard water quality indices to toxicity metrics obtained from ecotoxicity tests, conducted using aquatic organisms representing several trophic levels (Aliivibrio, Ulva, Daphnia, and Lemna), for 99 industrial wastewater samples from South Korea. For five wastewater samples, the concentrations of Se, Zn, or Ni exceeded the permissible limits (1, 5, and 3 mg L-1, respectively). All the four physiochemical water quality indices tested were positively correlated with Se and Pb concentrations. The toxicity unit (TU) scores indicated a declining sensitivity to pollutants, in the order Lemna (2.87) >Daphnia (2.24) >Aliivibrio (1.78) >Ulva (1.42). Significant correlations were observed between (1) Cd and Ni, and Aliivibrio, (2) Cu and Daphnia, (3) Cd, Cu, Zn, and Cr and Lemna, and (4) Cu, Zn, and Ni and Ulva. Daphnia-Lemna and Lemna-Ulva were found to be good indicators of ecologically harmful Se and Ni contents in wastewater, respectively. We suggest that regulatory thresholds based on these bioassays should be set at TU = 1 for all the species or at TU = 1 for Aliivibrio and Ulva and TU = 2 for Daphnia and Lemna, if the number of companies whose wastewater discharge exceeds the allowable TU levels is <1 % or 5 % of the total number of industries, respectively. Taken together, these findings could help in establishing a rapid, ecologically relevant wastewater quality assessment system that would be useful for developing strategies to protect aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Park
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kisik Shin
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Choi
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhee Kim
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonas De Saeger
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Taejun Han
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Lee J, Hong S, An SA, Khim JS. Methodological advances and future directions of microalgal bioassays for evaluation of potential toxicity in environmental samples: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107869. [PMID: 36905773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal bioassays are widely applied to evaluate the potential toxicity of various persistent toxic substances in environmental samples due to multiple advantages, including high sensitivity, short test duration, and cost-effectiveness. Microalgal bioassay is gradually developing in method, and the scope of application to environmental samples is also expanding. Here, we reviewed the published literature on microalgal bioassays for environmental assessments, focusing on types of samples, sample preparation methods, and endpoints, and highlighted key scientific advancements. Bibliographic analysis was performed with the keywords 'microalgae' and 'toxicity' or 'bioassay', and 'microalgal toxicity'; 89 research articles were selected and reviewed. Traditionally, most studies implementing microalgal bioassays focused on water samples (44%) with passive samplers (38%). Studies using the direct exposure method (41%) of injecting microalgae into sampled water mainly evaluated toxic effects by growth inhibition (63%). Recently, various automated sampling techniques, in situ bioanalytical methods with multiple endpoints, and targeted and non-targeted chemical analyses have been applied. More research is needed to identify causative toxicants affecting microalgae and to quantify the cause-effect relationships. This study provides the first comprehensive overview of recent advances in microalgal bioassays performed with environmental samples, suggesting future research directions based on current understanding and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wieringa N, Droge STJ, Bakker AM, Melkert RA, Prast BJ, Verdonschot PFM, Kraak MHS. Enlarging the Arsenal of Test Species for Sediment Quality Assessment. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:55. [PMID: 36790477 PMCID: PMC9931774 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since only a few standard benthic test species are available for sediment quality, our study aimed to employ multiple test species representing different sensitivity categories in the quality assessment of contaminated sediments. To this end three macroinvertebrate species, Sericostoma personatum (caddisfly, sensitivity category 10), Asellus aquaticus (isopod, category 3) and Chironomus riparius (chironomid, category 2), were exposed to sediments originating from various contamination sources in whole sediment bioassays using intact sediment cores. The agricultural sediment caused insect mortality, the agricultural and urban sediment caused isopod growth reduction and the urban and Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) sediment affected chironomid emergence time. It is concluded that the arsenal of standard species can be successfully expanded by non-standard species, reducing over- or underestimation of the risks of contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wieringa
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S T J Droge
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Bakker
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A Melkert
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J Prast
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P F M Verdonschot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Shah ZU, Parveen S. Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide residues in sediment samples from river Ganga, India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279993. [PMID: 36730256 PMCID: PMC9894440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of pesticides leads to their entry in to the bottom sediments, where they are absorbed in the sediment's particle and thus, may become the consistent source of aquatic pollution. The present work was carried out to evaluate pesticide residues in the sediment samples and associated human health risk of commonly used pesticides along the basin of river Ganga. Total of 16 pesticides were analyzed along three stretches of river Ganga. The concentration of pesticides in the upper stretch ranged from ND to 0.103 μg/kg, in the middle stretch ND to 0.112 μg/kg, and in the lower stretch ND to 0.105 μg/kg. Strong positive correlation was found between total organic carbon and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were estimated below the threshold limit suggesting no associated risk. Risks associated with the inhalation route of exposure were found to be higher than the dermal and ingestion routes. Children were found at higher risk at each site from multiple routes of exposure than adult population groups. Toxic unit values were found to be below the threshold value suggesting no risk associated with exposure of pesticides from sediments. However, long term effects on ecological quality due to consistent pesticide exposure must not be ignored. Therefore, the present study focuses on concrete efforts like lowering the irrational used of pesticides, tapping of agricultural and domestic drains, advice to farmers for appropriate use of pesticide doses, to reduce the threat of pesticide pollution in the river system and possible human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Umar Shah
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Saltanat Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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13
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San Juan MRF, Lavarías SML, Aparicio V, Larsen KE, Lerner JEC, Cortelezzi A. Ecological risk assessment of pesticides in sediments of Pampean streams, Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137598. [PMID: 36549510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After their application in agricultural areas, pesticides are dispersed throughout the environment, causing contamination problems. In Argentina, the main promoter of transgenic biotechnology in the region, the total consumption of agrochemicals has increased significantly in recent years. Most chemicals dumped near surface waters eventually end up in bottom sediments and can be toxic to the organisms that live there. However, published data on the mixing of pesticides in this compartment is still scarce. The objective of this work was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in the sediment of rural streams in the Pampas region and to carry out acute and chronic risk assessment in these aquatic ecosystems. The study area comprises the mountainous system of Tandilia, located in one of the most productive agricultural areas in the country. The concentration of atrazine, acetochlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and 2,4-D in the sediment of four rural streams was determined in three different seasons, and the toxic units (TU) and the risk ratios (RQ) were calculated. All the compounds analyzed were detected in most of the sampling seasons and study sites, at concentrations higher than those established in the national and international quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota in surface waters and for human consumption. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and acetochlor were the main pesticides contributing to the TU and RQ values, representing a medium or high ecological risk in most of the sites. Therefore, the evaluation of these pesticides in the bottom sediments could be a decisive factor in assessing the risk to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Fernández San Juan
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA-CCT CONICET) La Plata - UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - V Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73,3, Balcarce, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
| | - K E Larsen
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - J E Colman Lerner
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CONICET-UNLP-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A Cortelezzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
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14
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Baran A, Tack FMG, Delemazure A, Wieczorek J, Tarnawski M, Birch G. Metal contamination in sediments of dam reservoirs: A multi-facetted generic risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136760. [PMID: 36243080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quality of bottom sediments is a key factor for many functions of dam reservoirs, which include water supply, flood control and recreation. The aim of the study was to combine different pollution indices in a critical generic risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. Both geochemical and ecological indices reflected that sediment contamination was dominated by Zn, Pb and Cd. The ecological risk indices suggested a high riks for all three metals, whereas human health risks were high for Pb and Cd. An occasional local contamination of sediments with Cr and Ni was revealed, although at levels not expected to cause concerns about potential ecological or health risk. Sediments from the Rybnik reservoir for Cu only revealed a high potential ecological risk. EF turned to be as being the most useful, whereas TRI (∑TRI) was the most important ecological index. All multi-element indices suggested similar trends, indicating that Zn, Pb and Cd taken altogether had the greatest impact on the level of sediment contamination and posed the greatest potential ecological and health risks to organisms. The use of sequential BCR extraction and ecotoxicity analyses allowed for a multi-facetted generic risk assessment of metals in sediments of dam reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Antoine Delemazure
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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15
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Mentes D, Kováts N, Muránszky G, Hornyák-Mester E, Póliska C. Evaluation of flue gas emission factor and toxicity of the PM-bounded PAH from lab-scale waste combustion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116371. [PMID: 36202035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has a significant threat not only to human health but also to our environment. In Hungary, 54% of PM10 comes from residential combustion, which also includes the practice of household waste burning. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the quality of combustion through the flue gas concentrations (CO, CO2, O2) and to identify and evaluate the negative impacts of PM and PAHs generated during controlled lab-scale combustion of different mixed wastes (cardboard and glossy paper, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, polyester and cotton). Mixed wastes were burnt in a lab-scale tubular furnace at different temperatures with 180 dm3/h air flow rate. Chemical analyses were coupled with ecotoxicological tests using the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Ecotoxicity was expressed as toxic unit (TU) values, toxic equivalent factors (TEF) were also presented. During the combustion same amount of O2 enters the reaction, but a different amount CO2 is generated due to the C content of the sample. The waste with highest C-content related to the highest CO2 emission. Increasing the combustion temperature produces more PM-bound PAHs, which remains the same composition in the case of plastic and textile groups. The TU of solid contaminants decreases with increasing combustion temperature and increases with the minerals which are left behind in the water from the solid contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mentes
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Kováts
- Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200, Veszprém, Egyetem Str. 10, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Muránszky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Hornyák-Mester
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Póliska
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
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16
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Villamarín C, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Carvajal-Rebolledo C, Ríos-Touma B. Effects of Pesticides on the Survival of Shredder Nectopsyche sp. (Trichoptera) and Leaf Decomposition Rates in Tropical Andes: A Microcosm Approach. TOXICS 2022; 10:720. [PMID: 36548553 PMCID: PMC9781452 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Andean streams are becoming increasingly impacted by agricultural activities. However, the potential effects of pesticides on their aquatic biodiversity remain unassessed. In order to address this knowledge gap, we conducted an experiment over 37 days in microcosms to assess the effect of two pesticides commonly used in Ecuador (Engeo and Chlorpyrifos) on the aquatic insect Nectopsyche sp. (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) at 0, 0.10, 5 and 10 μg L-1 concentrations. The highest concentration corresponds to the maximum concentration allowed by the Equatorian legislation. We assessed insect mortality every 24 h, with leaf litter decomposition rates of organic matter determined by deploying Andean alder (Alnus acuminata) dry leaf packs in the microcosms. We found significant mortality of Nectopsyche sp. at high concentrations of Chlorpyrifos, whereas leaf litter was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. We conclude that the environmental legislation of Ecuador might not be fully protecting aquatic biodiversity from pesticide pollution. Further studies are needed, especially when considering that the maximum permitted concentration is very likely exceeded in many areas of the country. We also suggest that the maximum permissible values should be reviewed, considering each pesticide individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Villamarín
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
- Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- FEHM-Lab, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08016 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Carvajal-Rebolledo
- Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
- Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170503, Ecuador
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17
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Shan B. Heavy metal distribution, fractionation, and biotoxicity in sediments around villages in Baiyangdian Lake in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:86. [PMID: 36344697 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities on heavy metal distributions and fractionation in sediments from villages around Baiyangdian Lake (BYDL), North China, were assessed. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediments from five villages were determined, and the potential ecological risk index, risk assessment code, and Chironomus sp. larvae toxicity assay were used to assess the bioavailabilities and toxicities of the metals. The contribution of Cd to the potential ecological risk was 45.13-89.53%, the highest among the heavy metals investigated. The contributions of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the non-residual fractions to the total concentrations were 66.23-90.57%, 18.31-96.28%, and 8.89-76.84%, respectively, which indicated that these metals had important anthropogenic sources and were very bioavailable. The mean risk assessment codes decreased in the order of Cd (49.82%) > Zn (20.95%) > Cu (9.35%) > Pb (6.88%) > Ni (4.85%) > Cr (0.30%), and the toxicity of Cd and Zn to biota around BYDL is of concern. The mean survival rate of Chironomus sp. larvae in sediments from Dizhuang village was 44.02%, which indicated that there was a high degree of heavy metal toxicity, particularly in waterways around the village. Carboxylesterase and superoxide dismutase analysis results indicated that heavy metals could markedly increase or decrease enzyme activities in Chironomus sp. larvae. Overall, the results indicated that heavy metal pollution in villages around BYDL should be taken into consideration for its ecological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Wieringa N, van der Lee GH, de Baat ML, Kraak MHS, Verdonschot PFM. Contribution of sediment contamination to multi-stress in lowland waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157045. [PMID: 35779724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water bodies in densely populated lowland areas are often impacted by multiple stressors. At these multi-stressed sites, it remains challenging to quantify the contribution of contaminated sediments. This study, therefore, aimed to elucidate the contribution of sediment contamination in 16 multi-stressed drainage ditches throughout the Netherlands. To this end an adjusted TRIAD framework was applied, where 1) contaminants and other variables in the sediment and the overlying water were measured, 2) whole-sediment laboratory bioassays were performed using larvae of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, and 3) the in situ benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was determined. It was hypothesized that the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition would respond to all jointly present stressors in both water and sediment, whereas the whole-sediment bioassays would only respond to the stressors present in the sediment. The benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was indeed related to multiple stressors in both water and sediment. Taxa richness was positively correlated with the presence of PO4-P in the water, macrophyte cover and some pesticides. Evenness, the number of Trichoptera families and the SPEARpesticides were positively correlated to the C:P ratios in the sediment, whilst negative correlations were observed with various contaminants in both the water and sediment. The whole-sediment bioassays with C. riparius positively related to the nutrient content of the sediment, whereas no negative relations to the sediment-associated contaminants were observed, even though the lowered SPEARpesticides index indicated contaminant effects in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that sediment contamination was identified as one of the various stressors that potentially drove the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in the multi-stressed drainage ditches, but that nutrients may have masked the adverse effects caused by low and diverse sediment contaminants on C. riparius in the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wieringa
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - G H van der Lee
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M L de Baat
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P F M Verdonschot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Navarro Garcia J, Marcos-Martinez R, Mosnier A, Schmidt-Traub G, Javalera Rincon V, Obersteiner M, Perez Guzman K, Thomson MJ, Penescu L, Douzal C, Bryan BA, Hadjikakou M. Multi-target scenario discovery to plan for sustainable food and land systems in Australia. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 18:371-388. [PMID: 36090767 PMCID: PMC9442575 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The development of detailed national pathways towards sustainable food and land systems aims to provide stakeholders with clarity on how long-term goals could be achieved and to reduce roadblocks in the way to making commitments. However, the inability to perfectly capture the relationships between all variables in a system and the unknown probability of future values (deep uncertainty) makes it very difficult to design scenarios that account for the full breadth of system uncertainty. Here we use scenario discovery to systematically explore the effect of different parameter ranges on model outputs, and design resilient pathways to sustainability in which multiple target achievement requires a broad portfolio of solutions. We use a model of the Australian food and land system, the FABLE (Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-use, Energy) Calculator, to investigate conditions for achieving a sustainable Australian food and land system under scenarios based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 1, 2, and 3 narratives. Here we link the FABLE Calculator with a Monte Carlo simulation tool to explore hundreds of thousands of scenarios. This allows us to identify the ranges of systemic drivers that achieve multiple sustainability targets around diets, net forest growth, agricultural water consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity conservation, and exports by 2050. Our results show that livestock productivity and density, afforestation, and dietary change are powerful influencers for sustainability target achievement. Around 10% of the SSP1 scenarios could achieve all modelled sustainability targets. However, practically none of the scenarios based on SSP2 and SSP3 narratives could achieve such targets. The results suggest that there are options to achieve a more sustainable and resilient Australian food and land-use system with better socio-economic and environmental outcomes than under current trends. However, its achievement requires significant structural changes and coordinated interventions in several components of the domestic food and land system to increase its resilience and environmental and socio-economic performance. Understanding the bounds within which this system needs to change and operate to achieve sustainability targets will enable greater clarity and flexibility during discussions between decision-makers and stakeholders. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01202-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Katya Perez Guzman
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Marcus J. Thomson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | | | - Brett A. Bryan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Jin H, Chen W, Zhao Z, Wang J, Ma W. New Framework for Dynamic Water Environmental Capacity Estimation Integrating the Hydro-Environmental Model and Load-Duration Curve Method-A Case Study in Data-Scarce Luanhe River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148389. [PMID: 35886241 PMCID: PMC9325059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of river capacity for contaminants (i.e., water environmental capacity, WEC) is essential for the reasonable utilization of water resources, providing government’s with guidance about sewage discharge management, and allocating investments for pollutant reduction. This paper applied a new framework integrating a modified hydro-environmental model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and load–duration curve (LDC) method for the dynamic estimation of the NH3-N WEC of the data-scarce Luanhe River basin in China. The impact mechanisms of hydrological and temperature conditions on WEC are discussed. We found that 77% of the WEC was concentrated in 40% hydrological guarantee flow rates. While the increasing flow velocity promoted the pollutant decay rate, it shortened its traveling time in streams, eventually reducing the river WEC. The results suggest that the integrated framework combined the merits of the traditional LDC method and the mechanism model. Thus, the integrated framework dynamically presents the WEC’s spatiotemporal distribution under different hydrological regimes with fewer data. It can also be applied in multi-segment rivers to help managers identify hot spots for fragile water environmental regions and periods at the basin scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.J.); (W.C.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.J.); (W.C.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhenghong Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.J.); (W.C.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.J.); (W.C.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Weichun Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (H.J.); (W.C.); (Z.Z.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Policy Simulation and Assessment for Ecology and Environment Governance, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of Digitalized Sustainable Transformation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Big Data (IBD), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Yan L, Bu J, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Zha J. Identification of toxicity factors and causal analysis of toxicity in surface sediments from Liaohe river basin, Northeast China using an effect guidance strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112153. [PMID: 34619126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play a pivotal role in maintaining the aquatic ecological status of rivers. However, the determination of the key toxicants that consider the combined effects of all sediment-related contaminants are still challenging and necessary for an appropriate sediment risk assessment. The effects of sediments on aquatic organisms have been reported in Liaohe River, but their key toxicity factors are not well known. To determine the key toxicity factors, twenty-six surface sediment samples from Liaohe River tributaries in Northeast China were collected. Acute toxicity test of midge larvae results showed that 6 of 26 tributaries had obvious toxic effects, with survival rates of 37%-57% (p < 0.05). The masking test showed that the main pollutants in the surface sediments of T7 and T16 were metals, that of T8 was an organic pollutant, those of T19 and T26 were organic pollutants and ammonia, and those of T17 were heavy metal and ammonia. Chemical analysis showed that the relatively high concentrations of ammonia were only presented in surface sediments of T17, T19, and T26, with PTU of 1.5, 1.2 and 1.1, respectively, whereas heavy metals were markedly high in surface sediments from T7 and T16, with PTU of 0.92 and 0.61, respectively. Interestingly, the observed toxicity in surface sediments agreed with the toxicity predicted by chemical analysis Moreover, the significant correlation between the survival and volume ratio of the sediment and overlying water confirmed ammonia nitrogen was key toxicity factor in T17, T19, and T26, whereas Cu was the key toxicity factor in T7 that cause the biological toxicity. In conclusion, the major toxic factors of ammonia and copper in the sediments were identified. Moreover, our study suggested that effect guidance strategy was an effective method for sediment quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jihong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yiqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Boguta P, Skic K, Baran A, Szara-Bąk M. The influence of the physicochemical properties of sediment on the content and ecotoxicity of trace elements in bottom sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132366. [PMID: 34597638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sorption mechanisms of the trace elements in bottom sediment are not fully understood. The study aim was to analyse the effect sorption capacity of bottom sediments on the content of trace elements and the bottom sediment ecotoxicity. The study found higher content of trace elements caused higher potential toxicity of bottom sediments. However, the PCA analysis indicated that ecotoxicity to Heterocypris incongruens was not related to the trace element content in the sediments. It was found that some of the physicochemical properties of bottom sediments determine the behavior of the test organism. The study revealed a strong relationships between the properties of bottom sediments and trace element sorption, which results from significant differences in the carbonate and organic matter contents. The obtained relationships showed a significant role in trace element sorption of negatively dissociating functional groups (carboxyl, phenolic, alcohol, and carbonyl groups) of Cha, Cfa, Cnh and DOC fraction and of clay minerals. Positive correlation between the metal content and the volume of ultramicropores, cryptopores and residual pores suggest that these pore groups contain reactive sites capable of effective element sorption. In contrast, larger pores turned out to be of marginal importance in trace elements sorption, probably participating only in their migration within the bottom sediment structure. An understanding of the above factors will provide comprehensive information on the fate of trace elements in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szara-Bąk
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
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23
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Szara-Bąk M, Baran A, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Tkaczewska J, Wojtasik B. Mobility, ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and sources of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4701-4718. [PMID: 33969453 PMCID: PMC8528782 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use of geochemical, chemical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of trace elements in the bottom sediment of the Rożnów reservoir. The study found three elements deserving attention in the sediments: cadmium, nickel and chromium. Cadmium proved to be the most mobile and bioavailable, although the total cadmium content and geochemical indicators did not reveal any risk to organisms. Geochemical indicators showed that the sediments are contaminated with nickel and chromium, but both elements had a low bioaccumulation factor. Fractional analysis also revealed relatively low mobility of Cr and Ni and a higher potential risk of bioavailability for nickel. Most of the tested sediment samples had low toxicity in relation to the tested organisms. For H. incongruens, 11% of the samples were non-toxic, 50% of the samples had low toxicity, and 39% of the samples were toxic. For A. fischeri, no toxicity was found in 7% of the samples, low toxicity in 76% of the samples and toxicity in 17% of the sediment samples. The As, Cd, Cu content in the F1 fraction correlated significantly positively with the content of these metals in mussel tissues. Both biotesting and chemical analysis can reveal a potential risk to aquatic organisms. For a real assessment of the ecological risks associated with trace elements, it is necessary to use bioindicators taken from the environment and exposed to trace elements in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szara-Bąk
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczewska
- Department of Animal Product Processing, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Wojtasik
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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24
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Taylor LJ, Clark KF, Daoud D, van den Heuvel MR, Greenwood SJ. Exposure of American lobster (Homarus americanus) to the pesticide chlorpyrifos results in changes in gene expression. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100918. [PMID: 34688176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate that is currently used to reduce arthropod pests for the protection of agricultural crops. Coastal marine ecosystems may be exposed to agricultural pesticides via runoff and pesticide exposure can impact the health and survival of non-target species such as the American lobster (Homarus americanus). In the current study, the gene expression changes of H. americanus stage IV larvae were evaluated to understand the physiological mechanisms affected by exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos. After 48 h chlorpyrifos exposure, surviving lobsters were processed for Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Genes of interest that showed significant changes using RNA-seq were verified using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Analysis of RNA-seq and the confirmation of gene expression patterns via RT-qPCR found altered expression in genes related to stress response (glutathione peroxidase 3 and heat shock protein 60), hypoxia response (hairy, astakine 2, hemocyanin), moulting (cytochrome P450 307a1 and chitinase), and immunity (astakine 2) pathways. Changes to gene expression were most notable in lobsters exposed to 0.57 μg/L chlorpyrifos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - K Fraser Clark
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Bible Hill, NS, Canada
| | - Dounia Daoud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; EcoNov Inc., Moncton, NB, Canada; Homarus Inc., Shediac, NB, Canada
| | - Michael R van den Heuvel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Spencer J Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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25
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Ledieu L, Simonneau A, Thiebault T, Fougere L, Destandau E, Cerdan O, Laggoun F. Spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals within the particulate phases of a peri-urban stream. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130385. [PMID: 33848931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products (PPs) are consumed worldwide and are continuously released into hydrological environments, but are not efficiently removed by sewage treatment plants. Their occurrence within the dissolved phase has been extensively studied, but only a few articles concern solid matrices. The mechanisms and extent of sorption depend on the properties of both the molecules (degradability, charge, hydrophobicity) and the matrices (clay content, organic matter content), making the spatio-temporal distribution of PPs in natural environments complex and poorly elucidated. To improve our understanding of PP distribution at a catchment scale, this study investigated different groups of molecules with varying solubility and charges, in water, suspended particulate matter, bed-load and pond sediments. The Egoutier stream, which collects the sewage effluents from two health institutions sewage effluents, is a good candidate for this investigation. Results indicate that PP occurrences in the different particulate compartments were mainly regulated by their wastewater occurrences and charges. Particulate phases all along the Egoutier stream were characterized by a limited clay content (i.e. less than 1%) and significant organic carbon content (i.e. between 0.3% and 18.0%) favouring non-specific adsorption. Therefore, neutral PPs, exhibiting higher discharge rates, persistence and hydrophobicities in comparison with cationic and anionic molecules, were the most abundant PPs in the particulate phases of this catchment. In bed-load sediments, global PP spatial distributions reflected discharge sites and sedimentary accumulation zones, mostly that of organic matter. Spatial distributions of the more hydrophobic and persistent PP in the particulate phases thus followed the stream sedimentary dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ledieu
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - A Simonneau
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - T Thiebault
- EPHE, PSL University, UMR 7619 METIS (SU, CNRS, EPHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - L Fougere
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, 45067, Orleans, France
| | - E Destandau
- Univ Orleans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, 45067, Orleans, France
| | - O Cerdan
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, France
| | - F Laggoun
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, F-45071, Orléans, France
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26
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Yang H, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J. Influence of suspended sediment on the bioavailability of benzophenone-3: Focus on accumulation and multi-biological effects in Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129974. [PMID: 33639549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) tends to associate with suspended sediment (SPS) due to hydrophobicity, which could alter its toxicological effects on non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna (D. magna) was selected as a model organism to investigate the impacts of the source and composition of SPS on the accumulation and multiple toxicological effects (from the molecular level to individual level) of BP3. Among the three components of SPS, amorphous organic carbon (AOC) and minerals promoted the body burden of BP3, while black carbon (BC) inhibited the bioaccumulation. The inhibition effects of BP3 on swimming and feeding behaviors of D. magna were also enhanced due to the presence of AOC and BC. Compared with BP3 exposure alone, higher oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were observed in the presence of SPS containing AOC, BC and minerals, corresponding to that superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were further induced, and acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited. Furthermore, BP3 induced mRNA expression levels of the endocrine system (ecdysone receptor, cytochrome P450 CYP314) and metabolic system (toxicant nuclear receptor HR96, P-glycoprotein), and the presence of SPS containing AOC, BC and minerals exhibited an enhanced effect. Combined with all endpoints, evident relationship was observed between the bioaccumulation level and the response of individual behavior and molecular biomarkers. The results demonstrated that the effects of SPS compositions on bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of organic UV-filters should be considered in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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27
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Fonseca MF, Ferreira FC, Choueri RB, Fonseca G. M-Triad: An improvement of the sediment quality triad. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145245. [PMID: 33736403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditional sediment quality triad generally uses three lines of evidence (LOE) in the assessment, integrating environmental chemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. However the assessment is performed without considering the multivariate structure within LOE. In order to improve the sediment quality assessment, the M-Triad is proposed. Instead of averaging the values within a LOE, the new approach is based on the Euclidean distance between each sampling station and the reference station (s) for each LOE. These distances are then plotted in a radar-chart to obtain the area of the triangle and the quality assessment is subsequently obtained from the difference between the triangle areas of the impacted and the reference station. Three studies were selected to test the applicability of the M-Triad. In two cases, the M-Triad returned a more realistic ranking of the stations as observed in the principal component analysis (PCA) from each LOE By including the Euclidean distance, the use of M-Triad is advantageous when multiple variables with negative or uncorrelated patterns within a LOE are analyzed simultaneously. The combination of the M-Triad and the results of the PCA allows one to identify multiple contamination gradients and how biota and bioassays respond to each of these gradients. In comparison to the traditional method, the M-Triad reduces the uncertainty of the final analysis, permitting a more comprehensive ecological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferrel Fonseca
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cop Ferreira
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Dos Santos FI, Mizobata AA, Suyama GA, Cenci GB, Follador FAC, Arruda G, Hellmann L, Gomes EMV, de Oliveira Schmitz AP, Pokrywiecki JC, Lingnau R, Manosso FC, Pokrywiecki TS, Düsman E. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the waters of the Marrecas River (Paraná, Brazil) to bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21742-21753. [PMID: 33410086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals have a long history of assessing ecosystem responses to environmental disturbances, and amphibians stand out for presenting themselves as good animal model and bioindicators of environmental quality. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the cellular effects of contamination of waters of the Marrecas River, located in the southwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate and monitor the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect, with bullfrog tadpoles, and to discuss these effects with land use along this hydrographic basin. Mutagenic effects were determined by micronucleus assay, and cytotoxicity by other nuclear changes, such as segmented cells, binucleated cells, cells with buds and reniform cells. Water samples were obtained at nine sites along the Marrecas River, covering areas with rural and urban hydrological contribution. For each site, four samples were collected, along the years 2017 and 2018, encompassing the four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). The results showed mutagenic and cytotoxic effect in four sampling sites, and only cytotoxic effect in other four sites. These effects may be due, possibly, to the use of different agrochemicals across the hydrographic basin region, which have predominant hydrological contributions from crops. Data of this study indicate the presence of cytotoxic and mutagenic contaminants in the waters of the Marrecas River, which can generate environmental problems on the river fauna/flora, and can also affect the local population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Isabelli Dos Santos
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Akemi Mizobata
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Arisa Suyama
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Baptista Cenci
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Franciele Ani Caovilla Follador
- Academic Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisele Arruda
- Academic Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liliane Hellmann
- Academic Department of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes
- Academic Department of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Pokrywiecki
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lingnau
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Linha Santa Bárbara s/n, Caixa Postal 165, Francisco Beltrão, PR CEP 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cesar Manosso
- Academic Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Düsman
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Linha Santa Bárbara s/n, Caixa Postal 165, Francisco Beltrão, PR CEP 85601-970, Brazil.
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Wang J, Lautz LS, Nolte TM, Posthuma L, Koopman KR, Leuven RSEW, Hendriks AJ. Towards a systematic method for assessing the impact of chemical pollution on ecosystem services of water systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111873. [PMID: 33385900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution impinges on the quality of water systems and the ecosystem services (ESs) they provide. Expression of ESs in monetary units has become an essential tool for sustainable ecosystem management. However, the impact of chemical pollution on ESs is rarely quantified, and ES valuation often focuses on individual services without considering the total services provided by the ecosystem. The purpose of the study was to develop a stepwise approach to quantify the impact of sediment pollution on the total ES value provided by water systems. Thereby, we calculated the total ES value loss as a function of the multi-substance potentially affected fraction of species at the HC50 level (msPAF(HC50)). The function is a combination of relationships between, subsequently: the msPAF(HC50), diversity, productivity and total ES value. Regardless of the inherent differences between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, an increase of diversity generally corresponded to an increase in productivity with curvilinear or linear effects. A positive correlation between productivity and total values of ESs of biomes was observed. The combined relationships showed that 1% msPAF(HC50) corresponded to on average 0.5% (0.05-1.40%) of total ES value loss. The ES loss due to polluted sediments in the Waal-Meuse river estuary (the Netherlands) and Flemish waterways (Belgium) was estimated to be 0.3-5 and 0.6-10 thousand 2007$/ha/yr, respectively. Our study presents a novel methodology to assess the impact of chemical exposure on diversity, productivity, and total value that ecosystems provide. With sufficient monitoring data, our generic methodology can be applied for any chemical and region of interest and help water managers make informed decisions on cost-effective measures to remedy pollution. Acknowledging that the ES loss estimates as a function of PAF(HC50) are crude, we explicitly discuss the uncertainties in each step for further development and application of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands.
| | - Leonie S Lautz
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands; Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - Tom M Nolte
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands; Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - K Remon Koopman
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rob S E W Leuven
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
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Navarro J, Hadjikakou M, Ridoutt B, Parry H, Bryan BA. Pesticide Toxicity Hazard of Agriculture: Regional and Commodity Hotspots in Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1290-1300. [PMID: 33404222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While the need to reduce the impacts of pesticide use on the environment is increasingly acknowledged, the existing data on the use of agricultural chemicals are hardly adequate to support this goal. This study presents a novel, spatially explicit, national-scale baseline analysis of pesticide toxicity hazard (the potential for chemicals to do harm). The results show an uneven contribution of land uses and growing regions toward the national aggregate toxicity hazard. A hectare of horticultural crops generates on average ten times more aquatic ecotoxicity hazard and five times more human toxicity hazard than a hectare of broadacre crops, but the higher yields and incomes in horticulture mean that both sectors are similar in terms of environmental efficiency. Livestock is the sector with the least contribution to overall hazard, even when the indirect hazard associated with feed is considered. Metrics such as pesticide use (kg/ha) or spray frequency (sprays/ha), commonly reported in highly aggregated forms, are not linearly related to toxicity hazard and are therefore less informative in driving reductions in impact. We propose toxicity hazard as a more suitable indicator for real-world risk than quantity of pesticide used, especially because actual risk can often be difficult to quantify. Our results will help broaden the discussion around pathways toward sustainability in the land-use sector and identify targeted priorities for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Navarro
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Bradley Ridoutt
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hazel Parry
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Brett A Bryan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Kontchou JA, Nachev M, Sures B. Ecotoxicological effects of traffic-related metal sediment pollution in Lumbriculus variegatus and Gammarus sp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115884. [PMID: 33120146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To reduce direct discharges of surface runoff to receiving waters, separate sewer systems have been implemented, with runoff retention basins (RRB) for pollutant pretreatment by sedimentation and infiltration. However, due to frequent and intense precipitation events, most RRBs are overwhelmed by runoff resulting in overflow into the receiving freshwater bodies. Hence, the present study evaluates the impact of traffic-related runoff overflow on metal concentrations in sediment and Gammarus sp. Downstream of the RRB outfall in the receiving stream. Samples were collected from the RRB, upstream (reference site) and at different distances downstream from the RRB outfall in the stream. The samples were analyzed for the presence and distribution of metals using ICP-MS. Furthermore, ecotoxicological effects of the overflow on benthic species were assessed using Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to the field sediments. Our findings reveal that overflow of the RRB results in elevated traffic-related metal concentrations in sediment and biota of the stream. Within the first 50 m downstream increased sediment metal concentrations were found. The gammarids downstream of the RRB outfall showed an increased accumulation of several metals. Similarly, the metals were found to be taken up by the endobenthic L. variegatus under laboratory conditions and the bioaccumulation pattern was related to the sediment concentrations. Bioaccumulation by both organisms is an indication that overflow of the RRB also leads to uptake of increased element amounts in organisms downstream. Laboratory-based studies addressing standard toxicity endpoints showed no clear toxic effects on growth and reproduction. However, elevated levels of metallothioneins were measured in the annelids during the test period. This indicates a physiological response induced by increased metal concentrations due to RRB overflow. Hence, the results of this study show that discharges by the RRB increase the metal concentration in the receiving stream with the possibility of adverse effects on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julios A Kontchou
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45144, Essen, Germany
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45144, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45144, Essen, Germany.
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Baran A, Urbaniak M, Szara M, Tarnawski M. Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:57-66. [PMID: 33280055 PMCID: PMC7826296 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The information about concentrations of dioxin in pore water, ecotoxicity and DOC and TOC content can be key factor for the prediction of the fate of dioxins in the aquatic environment as well as an ecological risk assessment. The aims of the study were to assess the concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and ecotoxicity of pore water and to compare above results in relation to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The concentration of dioxins was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay test, while the ecotoxicity of pore water was determined using a crustacean Daphnia magna and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. The studies were conducted on two different dammed reservoirs Rożnów (catchment basin of an agricultural character) and Rybnik (catchment basin of an industrial character) located in southern Poland. The concentration of dioxins in pore water was between 8.56 to 90.92 ng EQ/L, with a significantly higher concentration in the pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir than the Rybnik Reservoir. The DOC content in pore water was from 30.29 to 63.02 mg/L (Rożnów Reservoir) and from 35.46 to 60.53 mg/L (Rybnik Reservoir). Higher toxic responses were recorded for A. fischeri than for D. magna. Moreover a significantly higher toxicity for both tested organisms was indicated in pore water from the Rożnów Reservoir. Besides of TOC and DOC, the fine fractions of the sediments were particularly important in the concentration of dioxin in pore water. The other pore water parameters, such as pH and EC can influence the toxicity of water for organisms. The result indicate complex relationships between the PCDD/F, ecotoxicity and DOC, TOC concentration in pore water and confirms that these parameters are important in terms of water environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbaniak
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Ojemaye CY, Onwordi CT, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Petrik L. Presence and risk assessment of herbicides in the marine environment of Camps Bay (Cape Town, South Africa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140346. [PMID: 32806370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted during a time of drought to assess the concentration of herbicides and their potential for accumulation in marine biota found in the near shore marine environment of an urban setting (Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa). The purpose was to establish whether raw sewage containing selected persistent chemicals that are released through a local marine outfall would be sufficiently diluted by the ocean to prevent impact on the near-shore marine environment of the suburb Camps Bay. Samples of seawater, sediment, seaweed, and selected marine organisms present in the near shore environment, such as limpets (Cymbula granatina), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea urchins (Parechinus angulosus), were analysed for five indicator herbicides, namely atrazine, alachlor, simazine, metolachlor, and butachlor, with gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. The concentration of the compounds detected ranged from below the limit of detection (<LOD) to 4.2 ng/L in seawater, <LOD to 45.3 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, <LOD to 157.8 ng/g dw in marine organisms, and between 12.3 and 87.0 ng/g dw in seaweed. Results of ecological risk assessment for acute and chronic risk, calculated following the US Environmental Protection Agency method, showed a possible threat to the near shore environment from sewage released by the marine outfall, as the herbicide contamination in the biota posed a low to high ecotoxicological risk for marine organisms. The hazard quotients and carcinogenic risk caused by herbicide pollution in Camps Bay seawater were above the acceptable level indicating that these chemicals pose adverse health effects, should an average sized human (70 kg) consume any of the marine species analysed herein on a daily basis (daily consumption of 54 g), over a lifetime period (life expectancy of 70 years). The study also indicated the extensive use of these herbicides for cosmetic and ornamental purposes in gardening, or for weed control in an urban setting, thus, it is apparent that consumers and municipalities need to be educated about their inadvertent use and safe disposal of these compounds. The use of these herbicides to control weeds within the area and discharge of sewage to Camps Bay must be checked through adequate control of the trade, handling of herbicides, and enforcement of appropriate sanctions and development of suitable regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Chionyedua T Onwordi
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, LASU, P.O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Evaluation of the Effect of Gold Mining on the Water Quality in Monterrey, Bolívar (Colombia). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold mining uses chemicals that are discharged into rivers without any control when there are no good mining practices, generating environmental and public health problems, especially for downstream inhabitants who use the water for consumption, as is the case in Monterrey township, where the Boque River water is consumed. In this study, we evaluate Boque River water quality analyzing some physicochemical parameters such as pH, heavy metals, Hg, and cyanide; bioassays (Lactuca sativa, Hydra attenuata, and Daphnia magna), mutagenicity (Ames test), and microbiological assays. The results show that some physicochemical parameters exceed permitted concentrations (Hg, Cd, and cyanide). D. magna showed sensitivity and L. sativa showed inhibition and excessive growth in the analyzed water. Mutagenic values were obtained for all of the sample stations. The presence of bacteria and somatic coliphages in the water show a health risk to inhabitants. In conclusion, the presence of Cd, Hg, and cyanide in the waters for domestic consumption was evidenced in concentrations that can affect the environment and the health of the Monterrey inhabitants. The mutagenic index indicates the possibility of mutations in the population that consumes this type of water. Bioassays stand out as an alert system when concentrations of chemical contaminants cannot be analytically detected.
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Schaffer-Smith D, Myint SW, Muenich RL, Tong D, DeMeester JE. Repeated Hurricanes Reveal Risks and Opportunities for Social-Ecological Resilience to Flooding and Water Quality Problems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7194-7204. [PMID: 32476410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hurricanes that damage lives and property can also impact pollutant sources and trigger poor water quality. Yet, these water quality impacts that affect both human and natural communities are difficult to quantify. We developed an operational remote sensing-based hurricane flood extent mapping method, examined potential water quality implications of two "500-year" hurricanes in 2016 and 2018, and identified options to increase social-ecological resilience in North Carolina. Flooding detected with synthetic aperture radar (>91% accuracy) extended beyond state-mapped hazard zones. Furthermore, the legal floodplain underestimated impacts for communities with higher proportions of older adults, disabilities, unemployment, and mobile homes, as well as for headwater streams with restricted elevation gradients. Pollution sources were repeatedly affected, including ∼55% of wastewater treatment plant capacity and swine operations that generate ∼500 M tons/y manure. We identified ∼4.8 million km2 for possible forest and wetland conservation and ∼1.7 million km2 for restoration or altered management opportunities. The results suggest that current hazard mapping is inadequate for resilience planning; increased storm frequency and intensity necessitate modification of design standards, land-use policies, and infrastructure operation. Implementation of interventions can be guided by a greater understanding of social-ecological vulnerabilities within hazard and exposure areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Schaffer-Smith
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Soe W Myint
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Rebecca L Muenich
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Daoqin Tong
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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Cheney CL, Eccles KM, Kimpe LE, Thienpont JR, Korosi JB, Blais JM. Determining the effects of past gold mining using a sediment palaeotoxicity model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137308. [PMID: 32088480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ore processing techniques used in Yellowknife's largest mining operation, Giant Mine, is responsible for the atmospheric release of approximately 20,000 t of particulate arsenic trioxide and other heavy metal(loids). This rapid deposition of heavy metal(loids) may have caused ecological disturbances to aquatic food webs. Here we use 210Pb and 137Cs dated lake sediment cores from 20 lakes within a 40 km radius of Yellowknife to examine the spatial-temporal distribution of arsenic, antimony and lead. Further, we model the toxicity of the sediment to aquatic biota pre-, during, and post-mining using palaeotoxicity modelling, enrichment factor assessment, and comparisons to national sediment quality guidelines. We found that metal(loid) profiles in sediment peaked during the height of mining operations. These peak metal(loid) concentrations were highest in lakes near the mine's roaster stack, and decreased with distance from the historic mine. Palaeotoxicity modelling of lake sediment archives indicate that there is no significant difference in the mean predicted toxicity of pre- and post-mining samples (p = 0.14), however mining activities in the region significantly increased the predicted toxicity of sediments to aquatic organisms during mining operations (p < 0.001). In the years since roasting processes ceased, the mean palaeotoxicity of all lakes has decreased significantly (p < 0.05), indicating a projected pattern of biological recovery. Importantly, some lakes remain at an elevated risk, indicating that aquatic ecosystems in Yellowknife may continue to have lingering effects on aquatic biota despite the closure of the mine two decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Cheney
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Kristin M Eccles
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Linda E Kimpe
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Joshua R Thienpont
- York University, Department of Geography, N430 Ross Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jennifer B Korosi
- York University, Department of Geography, N430 Ross Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Jules M Blais
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Adsorption, Modeling, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies of Methyl Red Removal from Textile-Polluted Water Using Natural and Purified Organic Matter Rich Clays as Low-Cost Adsorbent. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4376173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals have large surface areas that contribute to their high adsorption capacity. Pure clays were often used. However, their prices remain expensive. However, the natural clay minerals that are locally available can have economic and environmental benefits for textile wastewater treatment. The tested natural clays had given low removal yields. Therefore, we wanted to test particular rich organic matter clay for adsorbing azo dye, which is a very toxic molecule. In order to make the use of this clay type have a better efficiency for removal of this dye from the polluted waters, the optimal conditions had been specified. The results indicated that advised conditions were as follows: 5 min was the contact time of dye-clay; the better adsorbent masses were 0.25 g and 0.5 g per 100 ml solution for raw (ANb) and purified clays (ANp), respectively; the initial dye concentrations were 1 gL−1 for raw clay and 50 mgL−1 for purified clay; pH solution had any effect on the yield of dye removal only when raw clay was used; however, acid environment was advised when purified clay was the adsorbent and for the two tested clays about 20–30°C was the better solution temperature. X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that functional groups of clay adsorbed the dye. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of ANb and ANp were found to be 397 mgg−1 and 132.3 mgg−1 at pH 7 and 5, respectively. Raw and chemically activated samples gave similar results. Adsorption of ANb and ANp data showed better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters of the two adsorbents confirmed that the adsorption was endothermic (ΔH > 0) and spontaneous (ΔG0 < 0). Energy level was high when purified clay was used; however, it was significantly lower when the adsorbent was raw clay. Therefore, it was likely that adsorption by carbonates and organic matter involved small energy amounts. Comparing between these and other previous results, Jebel Louka natural clay type is better recommended for MR removal from textile wastewater, since the removal yield was about 98%. Hence, this tested clay type could provide an alternative low-cost material that could be used in treatment of the textile wastewater rich in MR and the obtained adsorption model and desorption tests provided a background for pilot and industrial scale applications.
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Lee J, Hong S, Kim T, Lee C, An SA, Kwon BO, Lee S, Moon HB, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Multiple Bioassays and Targeted and Nontargeted Analyses to Characterize Potential Toxicological Effects Associated with Sediments of Masan Bay: Focusing on AhR-Mediated Potency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4443-4454. [PMID: 32167753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced, multiple lines of evidence approach was applied to assess potential toxicological effects associated with polluted sediments. Two in vitro bioassays (H4IIE-luc and Vibrio fischeri) and three in vivo bioassays (microalgae: Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum; zebrafish embryo: Danio rerio) were applied. To identify causative chemicals in samples, targeted analyses (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), styrene oligomers (SOs), and alkylphenols) and nontargeted full-scan screening analyses (FSA; GC- and LC-QTOFMS) were performed. First, great AhR-mediated potencies were observed in midpolar and polar fractions of sediment extracts, but known and previously characterized AhR agonists, including PAHs and SOs could not fully explain the total potencies of samples. Enoxolone was identified as a novel AhR agonist in a highly potent sediment fraction by use of FSA. Enoxolone has a relative potency of 0.13 compared to benzo[a]pyrene (1.0) in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. Nonylphenols associated with membrane damage that influenced the viability of the microalgae were also observed. Finally, inhibitions of bioluminescence of V. fischeri and lethality of D. rerio embryos were strongly related to nonpolar compounds. Overall, the present work addressed assay- and end point-specific variations and sensitivities for potential toxicities of mixture samples, warranting a significant utility of the "multiple lines of evidence" approach in ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ah An
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Yang J, Li H, You J, Chatterjee N, Zhang X. Development of the transcriptome for a sediment ecotoxicological model species, Chironomus dilutus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125541. [PMID: 32050339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chironomus dilutus is a prominent model species in conventional sediment toxicity testing and sediment contamination diagnosis. However, lack of genomic data significantly limited its application in identifying toxicological mode of action (MOA) and molecular biomarkers of toxicants. Here the transcriptome of C. dilutus in full life span and both sexes (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae, pupae, and adults) were developed and temporal gene expression across adjacent life stages were investigated to understand the regulation of development. Furthermore, transcriptional response of Midges (the 4th instar larvae) exposed to chemicals of different MOAs (CdCl2, nonylphenol and triclosan) were profiled based on the reference transcriptome. Consequently, a complete transcriptome of 31132 unigenes with N50 of 3117bp, covering 98.8% of the arthropod single-copy orthologs were assembled. While 364 genes were differentially expressed among adjacent larval stages, 7142 and 2127 of transcripts were significantly changed for the transition of larvae-pupae and pupae-adults, respectively. Finally, chemical-specific gene expression profile were identified in the midges, showed its potential in classifying distinct contaminants. Overall, the comprehensive transcriptome of C. dilutus developed here could not only facilitate the mechanistic understanding of environmental toxicants during critical life stage of aquatic insects, but also provide molecular diagnostic tools in sediment ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Nivedita Chatterjee
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Lee AH, Lee J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Xie Y, Giesy JP, Zhang X, Khim JS. Integrated assessment of west coast of South Korea by use of benthic bacterial community structure as determined by eDNA, concentrations of contaminants, and in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105569. [PMID: 32078869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, contamination of sediments by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) has been observed in estuarine and coastal areas on the west coast of South Korea. The contaminants are suspected to cause toxicities in aquatic biota, but little is known about their ecological effects, particularly on benthic microbial communities. In this study, an eDNA-based assessment was applied along with classic assessments of exposure, such as chemistry and in vitro bioassays, to evaluate condition of benthic bacterial communities subjected to PTSs. Two strategies were adopted for the study. One was to conduct a comprehensive assessment in space (by comparing seawater and freshwater sites at five coastal regions) and in time (by following change over a 5-y period). Although we found that bacterial composition varied among and within years, some phyla, such as Proteobacteria (28.7%), Actinobacteria (13.1%), Firmicutes (12.7%), and Chloroflexi (12.5%) were consistently dominated across the study regions. Certain bacterial groups, such as Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia have been linked to contamination at some sites in the study area and at specific points in time. Bacterial communities were not significantly correlated with salinity or AhR- and ER-mediated potencies, whereas concentrations of PAHs, APs, and certain metals (Cd and Hg) exhibited significant associations to the structure of bacterial communities at the phylum level. In fact, the relative abundance of microbes in the phylum Planctomycetes was significantly and negatively correlated with concentrations of PAHs and metals. Thus, the relative abundance of Planctomycetes could be used as an indicator of sedimentary contamination by PAHs and/or metals. Based on our correlation analyses, Cd and ER-mediated potencies were associated more with bacterial abundances at the class taxonomic level than were other PTSs and metals. Overall, the eDNA-based assessment was useful by augmenting more traditional measures of exposure and responses in a sediment triad approach and has potential as a more rapid screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210003, China.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Dube T, Chibanda M, Manhire B, Rutanhira C, Mabugu C, Makaka C, Makaure J, Muteveri T. Sewage Effluent Causes Metal Pollution of a Sub-tropical River System in Zimbabwe. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:339-344. [PMID: 31989189 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollutants are persistent in the environment and of concern to human health. The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of metals (Cr, Fe, Pb, Mg and Cu) in Sebakwe River. Water and sediment samples were collected from upstream reference sites (4 and 5) and influenced downstream sites (1, 2 and 3) of the sewage effluent discharge point. Pb concentrations in water were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sites 1 and 2 downstream of the sewage discharge point. In the sediments, the sites downstream of the effluent discharge point had significantly higher concentrations of Cu (p < 0.05) and Cr (p < 0.05). A comparison of metal concentration in water with World Health Organization and Standards Association of Zimbabwe standards revealed that the levels of Pb in water were above the recommended limits, posing a health risk to Pb poisoning for people living along Sebakwe River.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dube
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
| | - M Chibanda
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - B Manhire
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Rutanhira
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Mabugu
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Makaka
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - J Makaure
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - T Muteveri
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Gruszecka-Kosowska A, Baran A, Wdowin M, Mazur-Kajta K, Czech T. The contents of the potentially harmful elements in the arable soils of southern Poland, with the assessment of ecological and health risks: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:419-442. [PMID: 31325113 PMCID: PMC7035217 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil samples were collected from the areas where edible plants had been cultivated in southern Poland. The PHE content decreased in proportion to the median value specified in brackets (mg/kg d.m.) as follows: Zn (192) > Pb (47.1) > Cr (19.6) > Cu (18.8) > Ni (9.91) > As (5.73) > Co (4.63) > Sb (0.85) > Tl (0.04) > Cd (0.03) > Hg (0.001) > Se (< LOQ). No PHE concentrations exceeded the permissible levels defined in the Polish law. The PHE solubility (extracted with CaCl2) in the total concentration ranged in the following order: Fe (3.3%) > Cd (2.50%) > Ni (0.75%) > Zn (0.48%) > Cu (0.19%) > Pb (0.10%) > Cr (0.03%). The soil contamination indices revealed moderate contamination with Zn, ranging from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Pb, and, practically, no contamination with other PHEs was identified. The ecological risk indices revealed that soils ranged from uncontaminated to slightly contaminated with Zn, Pb, As, Cu, and Ni. The PCA indicated natural sources of origin of Co, Cu, Hg, Sb, Zn, Cr, and Pb, as well as anthropogenic sources of origin of Cd, Ni, As, and Tl. The human health risk assessment (HHRA) for adults and children decreased in the following order of exposure pathways: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation of soil particles. The total carcinogenic risk values for both adults and children were at the acceptable level under residential (1.62E-05 and 6.39E-05) and recreational scenario (5.41E-06 and 2.46E-05), respectively, as well as for adults in agricultural scenario (1.45E-05). The total non-carcinogenic risk values for both adults and children under residential scenario (1.63E-01 and 4.55E-01, respectively), under recreational scenario (2.88E-01 and 6.69E-01, respectively) and for adults (1.03E-01) under agricultural scenario indicated that adverse health effects were not likely to be observed. Investigated soils were fully suitable for edible plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wdowin
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mazur-Kajta
- Department of International Economic Relations, Faculty of Economics and Management, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czech
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Pei ZT, Xu RR, Liu HY, Wang WQ, Zhang M, Zhang LL, Zhang J, Wang WQ, Yu R, Sun LW. Development and application of a novel whole sediment toxicity test using immobilized sediment and Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109979. [PMID: 31835044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sediments of water bodies are not only pollutants sink but also sources of pollution. The assessment for the whole-sediment toxicity is still challenging research. Although the application of immobilized algal bead could overcome the practical difficulties in sediment toxicity assay, the weak growth and reduced sensitivity of algae inside the bead restricted its application. In this study, a sediment toxicity test was developed using immobilized sediment and Chlorella vulgaris. The immobilized sediment was prepared by mixing 2 g freeze-dried sediment and 15-mL 3% (w/v) alginate and hardened in a 4% (w/v) CaCl2 solution. Based on a C. vulgaris growth inhibition test and using the immobilized sediment, the median effective concentration value (EC50) of the spiked Cu and diuron was 506.23 and 2.37 mg/kg respectively, lower than that of using immobilized algae (719.62 and 3.12 mg/kg respectively). The Cu and diuron concentrations in the corresponding overlying water from the spiked immobilized and free sediment showed that sediment pollutants' diffusion capacity was not decreased after immobilization. By using the immobilized sediment in algae toxicity bioassay, the changes in the sediment toxicity of a polluted river before and after dredging was evaluated. The C. vulgaris growth inhibition in sediment A decreased from 81.94% to 8.43%; sediment B remained unchanged; sediment C stimulated the growth of C. vulgaris before dredging (-15.56%), but inhibited the algae growth after dredging (26.88%), and sediment D decreased growth inhibition from 32.66% to -12.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tao Pei
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Rou-Rou Xu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Han-Yang Liu
- School of Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 24100, China.
| | - Wen-Qian Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Ran Yu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Li-Wei Sun
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
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Pesce S, Campiche S, Casado-Martinez C, Ahmed AM, Bonnineau C, Dabrin A, Lyautey E, Ferrari BJD. Towards simple tools to assess functional effects of contaminants on natural microbial and invertebrate sediment communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6680-6689. [PMID: 31863366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments can accumulate contaminants that affect microorganisms and invertebrates and disturb benthic ecological functions. However, effects of contaminants on ecological functions supported by sediment communities are understudied. Here, we tested the relevance of two simple tools to assess the ecotoxicological effects of metal contamination on natural sediment communities using particulate organic matter breakdown and decomposition as a functional descriptor. To this aim, we performed a 21-day laboratory microcosm experiment to assess the individual and combined effects of Cu and As (nominal concentration of 40 mg kg-1 dw each) using the bait-lamina method (cellulose, bran flakes, and active coal in PVC strips) as well as artificial tablets (cellulose, bran flakes and active coal embedded in an agar matrix). Sediment toxicity was also evaluated using the standardized ostracod toxicity test. Both the bait-lamina and artificial tablet methods showed low effects of As on organic matter breakdown and decomposition but strong effects of Cu on this important ecological function. Both also showed that the presence of Cu and As in mixture in the sediment induced total inhibition of organic matter breakdown and decomposition. The ostracod toxicity test also showed high toxicity of Cu-spiked and Cu-plus-As-spiked sediments and low toxicity of As-spiked sediments. Besides confirming that artificial organic matter substrates are relevant and useful for assessing the functional effects of contaminants on sediment micro- and macro-organism communities, these results suggest that the proposed methods offer promising perspectives for developing tools for use in assessing functional ecotoxicology in the sediment compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Campiche
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ecotox Centre, EPFL-ENAC-IIE-GE, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EnviBioSoil, Chemin de l'Ochettaz 12, 1025, Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Casado-Martinez
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ecotox Centre, EPFL-ENAC-IIE-GE, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ayanleh Mahamoud Ahmed
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, 69625, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | | | | | - Emilie Lyautey
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ecotox Centre, EPFL-ENAC-IIE-GE, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Szara M, Baran A, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Tarnawski M. Ecotoxicological characteristics and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Rożnów reservoir (Poland). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:45-57. [PMID: 31784924 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bottom sediments in catchment areas behind dams play a significant role in water ecosystems. On the other hand, the structure of sediments makes them a natural geosorbent, in which pollutants introduced to the aquatic environment accumulate. The use of biotests is recognised as an important approach for the assessment of the quality of bottom sediments, as the chemical analysis of sediment samples alone does not provide evidence of the impact of contaminants on biota. The aim of the study was to apply the chemical and ecological indices to determine the potential risk posed by trace elements in the bottom sediments and to evaluate sediment toxicity using organisms belonging to two taxonomic groups, i.e., plants (Phytotoxkit) and crustaceans (Rapidtoxkit). The 46 sediment samples were taken from the Rożnów Dam Reservoir in Southern Poland. The mean concentration of the trace elements in the sediments was 5.22 mg As; 0.26 mg Cd; 63.23 mg Cr; 28.65 mg Cu; 37.11 mg Ni; 11.15 mg Pb; 69.69 mg Zn and 0.09 mg Hg ∙ kg-1 d.m. The mean probable effect concentration quotient (PECq) value among different sampling sites ranged between 0.04 and 0.33 suggested moderate potential toxicity to the biological communities in bottom sediments. The Ni was potentially the most toxic element for biota in the Rożnów Reservoir. The sensitivity of organisms formed the following order: Thamnocephalus platyurus >Lepidium sativum >Sinapis alba >Sorghum saccharatum. For the plants, the stimulating effect of bottom sediments on root growth was often indicated, while a toxic effect was demonstrated for T. platyurus in 80% of the samples. However, the correlation analysis and PCA results showed that trace elements that originated from similar sources were associated to the toxicity of sediments towards T. platyurus, while ecotoxicity for plants could not be explained by the content of trace elements in bottom sediments. T. platyurus is a good indicator for predicting the toxicity of bottom sediments from the Rożnów Reservoir. However, our study found that both chemical and ecotoxicological analyses are important for a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of bottom sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Baran A, Tarnawski M, Koniarz T, Szara M. Content of nutrients, trace elements, and ecotoxicity of sediment cores from Rożnów reservoir (Southern Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2929-2948. [PMID: 31280395 PMCID: PMC6856043 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the concentration of trace elements, nutrients, and ecotoxicity in bottom sediment cores collected from the silted part of the Rożnów reservoir (Southern Poland). Significant differences in the content of nutrients, trace elements, and ecotoxicity between five sediment cores were found. However, in the vertical distribution, there was no high variability of the above parameters, which means that the intensely suspended matter transported by the Dunajec river is and, at various times, has been homogeneous. Significant correlations between nutrients and trace elements (r = 0.33-0.91, at p ≤ 0.05) point to the same sources of the above-mentioned substances and similar levels of contamination in the sediment cores. However, the PCA results showed that cadmium and phosphorus in the sediment cores had different behaviors than other elements and can be associated mainly with anthropogenic sources. According to the degree of contamination factor, sediment cores fall under the category of considerable contamination of metals. Geochemical factors indicated that nickel, chromium, and cadmium (only sediment core C1) were found to be the cause of significant pollution in the sediment cores. Toxicity assessment found that most of the bottom sediment samples were classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic, only 10% of the sediment samples were toxic for Vibrio fischeri, and 6% of the samples were toxic for Sinapis alba. The two test organisms showed a different sensitivity, and higher toxic responses were recorded for V. fischeri than for S. alba. Cadmium and phosphorus were associated with toxicity for S. alba (r = 0.29-0.58, at p ≤ 0.05), whereas TOC, N, and S, and Ca for stimulation of growth this plants. Trace elements (r = 0.32-0.51, at p ≤ 0.05) and nutrients (S, K, Mg, Na, r = 0.44-0.58, at p ≤ 0.05) were positively correlated with inhibition of luminescence of V. fischeri. The studies of concentration and relation between trace elements, nutrients, and ecotoxicity are important in the ecological risk assessment and describing the quality of sediments with multiple sources contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Tarnawski
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koniarz
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
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47
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Lee J, Kim T, Yoon SJ, Kim S, Lee AH, Kwon BO, Allam AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Lee H, Kim JJ, Hong S, Khim JS. Multiple evaluation of the potential toxic effects of sediments and biota collected from an oil-polluted area around Abu Ali Island, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109547. [PMID: 31408817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After the Gulf War Oil Spill, there have been many investigations about distributions of oil-derived pollutants nearby areas, but lacking in ecotoxicological assessment. We evaluated the potential toxicity of asphalt mats, sediments, and biota (polychaetes, chitons, snapping shrimps, and crabs) by combining two bioassays (H4IIE-luc and Vibrio fischeri) and in situ microbial community (eDNA). Samples were collected from Abu Ali Island, and organic extracts were bioassayed and further fractionated according to the chemical polarity using silica gel column. Great aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated potencies and inhibition of bioluminescence were mainly found in aromatics (F2) and saturates (F1) fractions of asphalt mat and sediments, respectively, while great toxicological responses in biota samples were found in resins and polar (F3) fraction. We also confirmed that potential toxicities of biota were species-specific; great AhR-mediated potencies were found in polychaetes and great bioluminescence inhibitions were found in crabs. In microbial communities, most genera (up to 90%) were associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-degrading bacteria, supporting that PAHs are the primary stressors of the benthic community around Abu Ali Island. The present study provides useful information on the contamination status, risk assessment of environmental matrices and benthic organisms in Abu Ali Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Smeti E, Kalogianni E, Karaouzas I, Laschou S, Tornés E, De Castro-Català N, Anastasopoulou E, Koutsodimou M, Andriopoulou A, Vardakas L, Muñoz I, Sabater S, Skoulikidis NT. Effects of olive mill wastewater discharge on benthic biota in Mediterranean streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113057. [PMID: 31454578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) discharging in river ecosystems cause significant adverse effects on their water chemistry and biological communities. We here examined the effects of OMW loads in four streams of a Mediterranean basin characterized by changing flow. The diatom and macroinvertebrate community structures were compared between upstream (control) and downstream (impacted) sites receiving OMW discharge. We also tested if effects occurred at the organism level, i.e. the occurrence of deformities in diatom valves, and the sediment toxicity on the midge Chironomus riparius. We evaluated these effects through a two-year analysis, at various levels of chemical pollution and dilution capacity. The impacted sites had high phenol concentrations and organic carbon loads during and after olive mill (OM) operation, and were characterized by higher abundances of pollution-tolerant diatom and macroinvertebrate taxa. Diatom valve deformities occurred more frequently at the impacted sites. The development of C. riparius was affected by phenolic compounds and organic carbon concentrations in the sediments. The similarity in the diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages between control and impacted sites decreased at lower flows. Diatoms were more sensitive in detecting deterioration in the biological status of OMW receiving waterways than macroinvertebrates. Our results indicate that the negative effects of OMW extended to the whole benthic community, at both assemblage and organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Smeti
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Elisabet Tornés
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Núria De Castro-Català
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evangelia Anastasopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Maria Koutsodimou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Argyro Andriopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013, Attica, Greece
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49
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Liu X, Chen Q, Ali N, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang Z. Single and joint oxidative stress-related toxicity of sediment-associated cadmium and lead on Bellamya aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24695-24706. [PMID: 31240645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biotoxicity of heavy metals in sediments toward benthic organisms has evoked great concern for the health of freshwater ecosystems. This study applied a sediment toxicity testing protocol to investigate the single and joint toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on Bellamya aeruginosa. B. aeruginosa were exposed to different concentrations of Cd (5, 25, and 100 mg/kg), Pb (20, 100, and 400 mg/kg), and their different concentration combinations. A suite of biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), metallothionein (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure to evaluate their oxidative stress status. Cell apoptosis of soft tissue was also determined after exposure. Results revealed that these endpoints represented sensitive biomarkers for the characterization of the oxidative stress response induced by these metals. Specifically, a decrease of SOD and GPx and an increase of MDA were indicative of the potential failure of the antioxidant defense system in neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the exposure of the Pb-treated group. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index revealed the most significant sub-lethal toxicity for Pb-spiked sediments, leading to the highest rate of cell apoptosis (70.8%). Exposure to Cd resulted in a time- and dose-dependent effect on MT levels, which suggested active detoxification of this metal. Exposure to the mixture resulted in amelioration of Pb toxicity, likely due to the competitive binding of Cd to active enzyme, with the result of an observed antagonistic interaction. This study indicated that B. aeruginosa represents a good biomonitor for assessing Cd and Pb contamination of sediments, and laid the foundation for their potential risk assessments in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Nasir Ali
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
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50
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Yılmaz A, Tolun LG, Okay OS. Pollution and toxicity of sediment in potential dredging sites of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:1206-1218. [PMID: 31271113 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1631656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the impact of the sediment in the potential dredging areas of the Marmara Sea. To that aim, sediments were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and heavy metals, sources were discussed, and toxicity tests were applied. For assessment, lower and upper limits of Turkish draft regulation (LTR, UTR) and UNEP-MAP's guidance document (LCT, UCT), and effects range low and median (ERL, ERM) were used. Total concentrations were found between 562 and 8643 µg kg-1 for PAHs, 4-36 µg kg-1 for PCBs, and 14-190 µg kg-1 for OCPs. The highest ∑PAH concentrations were measured in Golden Horn, and none of the PAH compounds was above ERM. ERL and UCT were exceeded in İstinye and Golden Horn stations. The highest ∑PCBs and ∑OCPs levels were determined in İzmit Bay (IB). ΣPCBs in IB were higher than ERL and LTR, while ΣDDT were found above ERM and UCT. High concentrations of chromium (∼190 mg kg-1) and copper (∼180 mg kg-1) in Golden Horn and mercury in IB (∼4 mg kg-1) were detected. The highest toxicities were observed in İstinye and İzmit Bay. According to the regulations, none of the sediments can be dumped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Yılmaz
- Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, İstanbul Technical University , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Leyla G Tolun
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Oya S Okay
- Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, İstanbul Technical University , İstanbul , Turkey
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