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Bharatiya M, Austin C, Arora M, Feeney RNM, Leonard ND, Low-Choy S, Paul B, Soficaru AD, Zhao JX, Smith TM. Tracking Childhood Lead Exposure in Early Industrial Romanians. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142947. [PMID: 39067821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Childhood lead exposure has been linked to severe adverse health outcomes throughout life. Measurements of lead in teeth have established that individuals living in contaminated environments show higher levels compared to individuals living further away, although less is known about when individuals are most susceptible to these exposures. We examined lead (Pb208) concentrations (ppm) in teeth over the first 2.5 years of life in 16 children born in the late 19th to early 20th century throughout Romania. This period of intense industrialization was characterized by increases in mining, coal burning, and oil refining-activities that contaminate air, water, and food with Pb. We hypothesized the distance from an operational mine or oil refinery, or being born in a city, would be positively associated with cumulative dentine Pb exposure (CDPE). We also predicted that Pb exposures would peak in the first six months of life when gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of Pb is likely highest. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of sectioned tooth dentine followed by Bayesian statistical analyses revealed that living 30 km or more from a mine or oil refinery did not explain CDPE. However, being born in a city explained 42% of CDPE. All individuals showed maximum Pb exposures after six months of age, likely due to contaminated solid food and/or non-milk liquids. This research demonstrates how tooth formation can be coupled with comprehensive elemental mapping to analyse the context and timing of early-life neurotoxicant exposures, which may be extended to well-preserved teeth from clinical and historic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bharatiya
- Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole D Leonard
- Radiogenic Isotope Facility, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Low-Choy
- Griffith Institute of Educational Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bence Paul
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Elemental Scientific Lasers, LLC., Montana, USA
| | - Andrei D Soficaru
- "Francisc I. Rainer" Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jian-Xin Zhao
- Radiogenic Isotope Facility, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tanya M Smith
- Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Mufalo W, Arima T, Igarashi T, Ito M, Sato T, Tomiyama S, Nyambe I, Tabelin CB, Nakata H, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. Insights on hazardous metal bioaccessibility, and groundwater impacted by Zn residues from a legacy mine and risk evaluation of adjacent soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:64. [PMID: 38319371 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the legacy impact of Zinc plant residues (ZPRs) in Kabwe, Zambia, on the environment and human health, particularly in light of the town's reputation for Pb pollution. ZPRs solid samples and groundwater within and around ZPRs zone were collected from the legacy mine, along with soils in a 10 km radius from the mine site. Bioaccessible fractions of Pb and Zn were elucidated by Japanese leaching test (JLT) and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET). Cationic speciation of Pb and Zn from inhalable and ingestible ZPRs particles was investigated via sequential extraction. Groundwater in the ZPRs area showed higher Zn levels (1490 mg/L) compared to Pb (1.7 mg/L). Elevated Zn concentration were facilitated by the presence of soluble Zn sulfates while Pb was constrained due to its precipitation as anglesite. Groundwater sampled outside the ZPRs area was within the Zambia regulatory limits (< 0.5 mg/L for Pb and < 1 mg/L for Zn). Inhalation exposure to < 30 µm dust particles from ZPRs and soils near the mine indicated negligible risk, with < 3% of bioaccessible Pb in artificial lysosomal fluid. Meanwhile, oral intake of ZPRs particles < 250 µm revealed elevated bioaccessible fractions (36% for Pb and 70% for Zn). ZPRs cationic speciation of ingestible particles < 30 µm, 30-75 µm, 75-150 µm and 150-250 µm indicated that the bioaccessible Pb predominantly emanated from labile Pb fractions under gastric conditions with pH < 1. This was due to the dissolution of Pb associated with the exchangeable phase, carbonates and iron/manganese oxides; however, only exchangeable/carbonate Pb was bioaccessible at pH < 2. Hazard quotients indicated increased risks of Pb intoxication through the ingestion of ZPRs and soils near the legacy mine, with higher risks observed in children, emphasizing the need to remediate legacy mine wastes to reduce health risks and protect groundwater through monitoring in mining-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walubita Mufalo
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Arima
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Igarashi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shingo Tomiyama
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- IWRM Centre/Geology Department, School of Mines, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, 32379, Zambia
| | - Carlito Baltazar Tabelin
- Department of Materials and Resources Engineering Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Kirichuk AA, Skalny AV, Chizhov AY, Tskhovrebov AG, Schaumlöffel D, Kritchenkov AS. Characteristic features of toxic metal content in hair samples of foreign students at RUDN University from different geographic regions. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127303. [PMID: 37741050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the regional variations in toxic metal accumulation among RUDN University students from various global regions. METHODS This comparative analysis examined hair samples from students hailing from different regions, including Russia, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The concentrations of Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), and Tin (Sn) were measured in the hair samples. The data was then evaluated using regression models to assess the link between the region of residence and toxic metal content in the hair. RESULTS The analysis indicated significant regional variations in the levels of toxic metals in the students' hair. The highest content of Al, Cd, and Pb was observed in students from Africa (13.542, 0.028, 0.794 µg/g) and Latin America (9.947, 0.025, 0.435 µg/g). Arsenic levels in students from all regions exceeded that of Russian students by over two-fold. No substantial group differences were found in the Sn content. The regression models suggested that residing in Asia, Africa, and Latin America was a predictor of high Hg levels in hair (0.130, 0.096, 0.227 µg/g). Living in Africa was significantly associated with higher Pb levels (0.794 µg/g), and living in Latin America was close to significantly associated with the Cd level in the hair (0.025 µg/g). CONCLUSION This study confirmed an increased accumulation of toxic metals, especially Hg, Cd, and Pb, in students primarily from Latin America and Africa. The findings highlighted the importance of understanding the regional variations in toxic metal accumulation to address associated health risks and the potential impact on students' well-being and academic performance. These insights may guide the development of targeted interventions to reduce exposure to toxic metals in students from various regions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation; Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey Ya Chizhov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G Tskhovrebov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation; CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Andreii S Kritchenkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation; Institute of Technical Acoustics NAS of Belarus, Ludnikova Prosp. 13, Vitebsk 210009, Republic of Belarus.
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Gao X, Zhou Y, Fan M, Jiang M, Zhang M, Cai H, Wang X. Environmental risk assessment near a typical spent lead-acid battery recycling factory in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116417. [PMID: 37329945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental pollution and public health incidents caused by the recycling of spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) has becoming more frequent, posing potential risk to both the ecological environment and human health. Accurately assessing the environmental risk associated with the recycling of spent LABs is a prerequisite for achieving pollution control. In this study, a spent LABs recycling factory in Chongqing was investigated through on-site investigation, sample analysis. Exposure assessment and health risk assessment were also conducted. The results showed that: firstly, Pb and As concentrations exceeding the standard limit values were found in the environmental air and vegetables near the spent LABs recycling factory. Secondly, exposure assessment results showed that total average daily exposure to hazardous substances for children (3.46 × 10-2 mg/kg) is higher than for adults (4.80 × 10-2 mg/kg). The main exposure pathways for Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Hg are ingestion of vegetables, while those for Cd, As, and Sb are through inhalation. Thirdly, health risk assessment results indicate that environmental exposure poses unacceptable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to both adults and children near the spent LABs recycling factory, with children facing higher risk than adults. Pb and As are the main contributors to non-carcinogenic risk, and Ni and As are the main contributors to unacceptable carcinogenic risk. In particular, As, has a greater contribution to total carcinogenic risk index through inhalation than vegetable ingestion. Overall, vegetable ingestion and inhalation are the main exposure pathways for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Consequently, future risk assessment should focus on the impact of hazardous substances on children, as well as the health risk associated with ingestion of vegetables and inhalation. Our findings will provide basic information for proposing measures of environmental risk prevention during the recycling of spent LABs, for example, controlling of As in exhaust gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Manli Zhang
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 400017, China.
| | - Hongying Cai
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 400017, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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Forghani Tehrani G, Rubinos DA, Kelm U, Ghadimi S. Environmental and human health risks of potentially harmful elements in mining-impacted soils: A case study of the Angouran Zn-Pb Mine, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117470. [PMID: 36821988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The soil pollution status, levels of exposure, and potential ecological and health risks to workers and residents by potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in the Angouran mining area (Iran), the biggest Zn-Pb mine in the Middle East, were studied. To this aim, topsoil (0-5 cm) samples (n = 63) from different land-uses were analyzed for their total PHEs concentrations. Mine worker's blood analysis and in vitro digestion extractions were applied in conjunction with human health risk assessment (HHRA) to assess the potential health impacts by exposure to PHEs. The maximum PHEs total concentrations were found in the soils near the waste rock dumps. HHRA indicated that ingestion of soils may induce a non-carcinogenic risk due to As and Pb (for both age groups of children and adults), while dermal contact for children may induce the same type of risk due to Cd, and Pb. The carcinogenic risks (CRs) of As, Cd, Cr, and Ni through ingestion route were above the acceptable value of 1 × 10-4, and children may face greater health risks. The average blood Zn, Pb, and Cd levels in the mine workers largely exceeded the safe concentration for adults, while 30% of the workers were tested positive for As in blood. In vitro digestion extractions indicated that the highest bioaccessible contents of As, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn were found for the industrial-residential and mine soils in the area, while those of Cr and Cu were observed in the agricultural use soils. This study illustrates that a combination of techniques, including geochemical analysis, in vitro bioaccessibility extractions, HHRA, and blood analysis, is a workable integrated approach for evaluating pollution and health risks in mining districts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Rubinos
- Sustainable Minerals Institute-International Centre of Excellence Chile (SMI-ICE-Chile), The University of Queensland, Australia, Av. Apoquindo 2929, 3rd Floor of. 301, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ursula Kelm
- Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Kwon JY, Lee S, Surenbaatar U, Lim HJ, Kim BG, Eom SY, Cho YM, Kim WJ, Yu BC, Lee K, Hong YS. Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2856. [PMID: 36806109 PMCID: PMC9938231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandoned metal mines and refineries are considered environmentally vulnerable areas owing to high levels of exposure to heavy metals. This study examined the association between heavy metal exposure and renal function indicators. We studied a total of 298 participants, of which 74 and 68 resided in low- and high-exposure abandoned metal mine areas, respectively, with 121 in the refinery area and 35 in the control area. Blood and urine samples were collected from the participants to analyze the levels of blood lead, cadmium, and creatinine and urinary cadmium, NAG, and β2-MG. The estimated glomerular filtration rate, which is calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, was used for assessments. The study participants comprised more females than males, and their mean age was 70.3 years. The blood lead and cadmium as well as urinary cadmium levels were 2.12 μg/dL, 1.89 μg/L, and 2.11 μg/L, respectively, in the heavy metal-exposure areas, and 1.18 μg/dL, 0.89 μg/L, and 1.11 μg/L, respectively, in the control area. The odds ratio (OR) for exceeding the reference value showed that blood cadmium in the refinery area was 38 times higher than that in the control area. Urinary cadmium was seven times higher in the low-exposure abandoned metal mine area than in the control area. NAG showed a positive correlation with urinary cadmium in all areas. In the refinery area, correlations were observed between β2-MG and urinary cadmium levels and the eGFR and blood cadmium level; in the high-exposure abandoned metal mine area, correlations were observed between NAG, β2-MG, and the eGFR and blood cadmium. In this study, the association between Cd exposure and some renal function indicators was observed. This study's findings and the obtained biological samples can serve as a basis for future molecular biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kwon
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ju Lim
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Byoung-Gwon Kim
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- grid.412476.20000 0004 0533 2709Department of Nano, Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, 02713 Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kang-Won National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Korea
| | - Byeng-Chul Yu
- grid.411144.50000 0004 0532 9454Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267 Korea
| | - Kwan Lee
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066 Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Korea. .,Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Korea.
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7
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Mandal J, Bakare WA, Rahman MM, Rahman MA, Siddique AB, Oku E, Wood MD, Hutchinson SM, Mondal D. Varietal differences influence arsenic and lead contamination of rice grown in mining impacted agricultural fields of Zamfara State, Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135339. [PMID: 35718036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Zamfara state, Nigeria, rice is cultivated in fields contaminated with Pb (lead) from artisanal and illicit mining activities. Rice grown in such contaminated agricultural areas risks not only Pb contamination but also contamination from other toxic elements, like arsenic (As); co-contamination of Pb and As in rice cultivated in mining impacted areas has been previously reported and rice is a hyperaccumulator of As. A field study was conducted with ten different commonly-cultivated Nigerian rice varieties in the mining-impacted farmlands of Dareta village, Zamfara State. The aim was to determine the optimal rice variety for cultivation on these contaminated farmlands; an optimal variety would have the lowest contaminant concentrations and highest essential elements concentrations in the rice grains. A total of 300 paired soil and rice plants were collected. The mean As and Pb concentrations in paddy soils were 0.91 ± 0.82 mg kg-1 and 288.5 ± 464.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean As (30.4 ± 15.1 μg kg-1) content in rice grains was an order of magnitude lower than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1 (for milled rice) while the Pb content in all the rice varieties (overall mean of 743 ± 327 μg kg-1) was approximately four times higher than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1. Contrary to previous studies, a negative correlation was observed between As and Pb in rice grains across all the varieties. Rice variety Bisalayi was the variety with the lowest Pb transfer factor (TF = 0.08), but the average Pb concentration in rice grain was still above the Codex recommendation. Bisalayi also had the highest TF for iron. Variety ART_15, which had the lowest As uptake (TF = 0.10), had the highest TF for essential elements (magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and copper). In areas of Pb contamination, Bisalayi rice may therefore be a suitable variety to choose for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jajati Mandal
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - Waheed Ariyo Bakare
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control and Prevent, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Effiom Oku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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8
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Becker F, Marcantonio F, Datta S, Wichterich C, Cizmas L, Surber J, Kennedy K, Bowles E. Tracking the source of contaminant lead in children's blood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113307. [PMID: 35447155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pb isotope ratios are used for apportioning the sources of Pb in the blood of children (ages 1-6) screened for high blood Pb levels (>5 μg/dL) surrounding urban areas of Kansas City, MO. We compared Pb isotope ratios measured in the child's blood with those of the most likely sources of Pb in that child's home environment. The environmental sources sampled consisted of topsoils, paints, occupational sources (e.g., oil rig workers' uniforms, mechanics' clothes), indoor air filters, dusts, and dietary sources (e.g., spices). Blood lead levels (BLL) ranged from 2.9 to 12.7 μg/dL in children from the five homes participating in this study. Measurements of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb isotope ratios were made by multi-collector ICP-MS. Comparison of the Pb isotope ratios in home environment samples versus those in the child's blood in each home allowed the identification of possible sources of a child's Pb exposure in three homes. In five homes investigated, children's blood Pb levels were most likely to be derived from dusts inside, and topsoil outside, the homes, or a mixture thereof. In one case, blood Pb was derived from turmeric spice and, in another, the Pb was derived from paint. It is not always possible to directly link high BLLs to the environmental sources collected when Pb isotope ratios of the environmental samples did not overlap with those of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Becker
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - F Marcantonio
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - S Datta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Wichterich
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L Cizmas
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Surber
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - K Kennedy
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - E Bowles
- Children's Mercy Kansas City Environmental Health Program, Kansas City, MO, USA
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9
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Sources of Lead Exposure in West Africa. SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sci4030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary is an investigation of sources of lead (Pb) exposure in West Africa. Pb is generally acknowledged as one of the most widespread environmental health hazards in West Africa, and there is heightened concern over adverse health effects at various levels of exposure (at doses once considered safe) in the West African region. A literature review for the possible health implications of Pb exposure on human health showed nervous system dysfunction, anemia, and potential cognitive diseases as the major health issues among children, while adults were found to suffer more from cardiovascular dysfunction, neurological decline, and reproductive diseases. Despite a decline in blood lead levels (BLLs), lead exposure continues to be a major public health concern as no level of Pb exposure can be considered safe. Moreover, lowering BLLs entails identifying various lead sources such as gasoline emissions, leaded paint, canned foods, and beverages, as well as plausible biological pathways of lead exposure and response. However, only countries such as Nigeria and Ghana have extensive research available regarding the different sources of Pb exposure. Further, it is not apparent which country is affected the most by Pb exposure. Therefore, this commentary was aimed to explore different literature sources to describe and list the different sources of Pb exposure in 15 West African countries. The findings indicated water, food, and occupational exposure as the major sources of Pb exposure in the region. People with occupations such as e-waste and Pb acid battery recycling, auto mechanics, fuel attending, welding, electronic repairing, farming/spraying, and mining were found to be at immediate risk. Tobacco, spices and paints constituted additional potential sources of exposure. For residents living near landfills or urban area, the major sources of Pb exposure were soil, air, and dust particles. The review revealed a vast research gap on the sources and implications of Pb exposure. Exposure to Pb could further increase due to uncontrolled traffic, urban growth, inadequate urban planning, and the inadequate enforcement of regulations. Therefore, more extensive research on the changing trends of Pb exposure among West African populations is needed.
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Lee M, Lee H, Warren JR, Herd P. Effect of childhood proximity to lead mining on late life cognition. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101037. [PMID: 35146115 PMCID: PMC8818565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead exposure negatively affects cognitive functioning among children. However, there is limited evidence about whether exposure to lead in early life impairs later life cognitive functioning. METHODS Participants in the prospective Wisconsin Longitudinal Study cohort (N = 8583) were linked to the 1940 Census, which was taken when they were young children. We estimated the effect of living near a lead mine in childhood on late life memory/attention and language/executive function in 2004 (mean age 64) and 2011 (mean age 71). RESULTS Lead-exposed children had significantly steeper memory/attention decline between 2004 and 2011 and worse language/executive function at baseline in late life. These long-term effects of lead were not mediated through adolescent IQ or late life SES and health factors. DISCUSSION Proximity to lead mining in childhood had long-term effects on late life memory/attention decline and language/executive function, reflecting a possible latent influence of lead exposure. More research is needed to understand behavioral and biological pathways underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lee
- Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding author. 50 Willey Hall, 225 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Haena Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Robert Warren
- Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Swaringen BF, Gawlik E, Kamenov GD, McTigue NE, Cornwell DA, Bonzongo JCJ. Children's exposure to environmental lead: A review of potential sources, blood levels, and methods used to reduce exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112025. [PMID: 34508773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead has been used for thousands of years in different anthropogenic activities thanks to its unique properties that allow for many applications such as the manufacturing of drinking water pipes and its use as additives to gasoline and paint. However, knowledge of the adverse impacts of lead on human health has led to its banning from several of its applications, with the main goal of reducing environmental pollution and protecting human health. Human exposure to lead has been linked to different sources of contamination, resulting in high blood lead levels (BLLs) and adverse health implications, primarily in exposed children. Here, we present a summary of a literature review on potential lead sources affecting blood levels and on the different approaches used to reduce human exposure. The findings show a combination of different research approaches, which include the use of inspectors to identify problematic areas in homes, collection and analysis of environmental samples, different lead detection methods (e.g. smart phone applications to identify the presence of lead and mass spectrometry techniques). Although not always the most effective way to predict BLLs in children, linear and non-linear regression models have been used to link BLLs and environmental lead. However, multiple regressions and complex modelling systems would be ideal, especially when seeking results in support of decision-making processes. Overall, lead remains a pollutant of concern and many children are still exposed to it through environmental and drinking water sources. To reduce exposure to lead through source apportionment methods, recent technological advances using high-precision lead stable isotope ratios measured on multi-collector induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) instruments have created a new direction for identifying and then eliminating prevalent lead sources associated with high BLLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Swaringen
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Emory Gawlik
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - George D Kamenov
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nancy E McTigue
- Cornwell Engineering Group, 712 Gum Rock Ct, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - David A Cornwell
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Cornwell Engineering Group, 712 Gum Rock Ct, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Jean-Claude J Bonzongo
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructures and Environment. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Kumar S, Rahman MA, Islam MR, Hashem MA, Rahman MM. Lead and other elements-based pollution in soil, crops and water near a lead-acid battery recycling factory in Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133288. [PMID: 34921850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in the environment predominantly occurs through anthropogenic activities, which pose significant threats to human health and that of biota. In this study, Pb and other elements were investigated in different soils (n = 52), crops (n = 24) and water (n = 13) around a lead-acid battery (LAB) recycling workshop in southwestern Bangladesh. Most of the elements' concentrations (except Se and Ag) in soil were lower than the background concentrations. However, excessive concentrations of Pb were found in both surface (966 ± 2414 mg kg-1 at 0-15 cm) and subsurface (230 ± 490 mg kg-1 at 15-30 cm) soil. Although no definitive pattern or direction in elemental concentration in soil was observed, relatively higher concentrations of most elements were detected at the southeast part of the factory. The LAB factory, brick kiln, agricultural and geogenic activities might be the sources of these elements in soil. Extremely high amounts of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were found in the food crops around the area. In particular, the Pb concentrations were 114 ± 155 and 665 ± 588 mg kg -1 dry weight in rice grain and straw, respectively, which reflected the emissions of Pb from the LAB recycling workshop. Moreover, 40% and 100% of the groundwater samples exceeded, respectively, the WHO provisional guideline values for As (0.01 mg L-1) and Pb (0.05 mg L-1). Consequently, a high level of Pb contamination in the soil was observed while assessing different soil pollution indices. Human health risk assessment indicated severe carcinogenic (from Pb, As, and Cr intake) and non-carcinogenic (from Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni and Sb intake) health risks are associated with rice and groundwater consumption. It is concluded that all LAB recycling workshops should be better managed to prevent Pb pollution from seeping into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazal Kumar
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Yang J, Xie Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang D. Exposure of the residents around the Three Gorges Reservoir, China to chromium, lead and arsenic and their health risk via food consumption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112997. [PMID: 34808509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological management of the Three Gorges Dam has resulted in the interception of heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). However, the exposure to heavy metals and health risks among local residents remained poorly understood. Here we collected 208 biomarker samples (hair) and 20 food species from typical regions in the TGR to assess the exposure levels of three toxic metals (Cr, Pb and As) in residents of the TGR, and subsequently investigated their health risk via dietary intake. Results indicated that hair Cr and As levels were below the reference value for normal people and threshold of skin lesions, respectively, whereas about 22% hair Pb exceeded the reference for clinical medicine, indicating a potential Pb exposure of local residents. Smoking habit and fish consumption were found to be predictors for hair Pb. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals in all investigated food samples were below the limits of contaminants in food in China, except for Pb in the sweet potato and fish. The estimated daily intake of metals (DIMs) revealed that the intakes of Cr and As from studied food were under the recommended thresholds of Cr and As. However, the intake of Pb via diet exceeded the limit of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and closed to the threshold for cardiovascular, which was probably associated with the high Pb concentrations of fish and sweet potato. Overall, residents around the TGR were at low exposure to Cr and As, but Pb exposure may need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Environment and Quality Test, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401220, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Solid-Phase Partitioning and Leaching Behavior of Pb and Zn from Playground Soils in Kabwe, Zambia. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100248. [PMID: 34678944 PMCID: PMC8539481 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Zambia’s Kabwe mine wastes (KMWs) are responsible for contaminating the surrounding soil and dust in the Kabwe district. Unfortunately, these wastes arise from the historical mining activities of lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), which lacked adequate waste management strategies. As a result, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb and Zn) spread across the Kabwe district. To assess the soil pollution derived from previous mining activities, we studied topsoil samples (n = 8) from the school playground soils (SPs). In this study, the degree of contamination, geochemical partitioning, and leachability, coupled with the release and retention of Pb and Zn, were studied. The SPs were classified as extremely enriched (EF > 40) and contaminated with Pb (Igeo > 5). On average, Pb (up to 89%) and Zn (up to 69%) were bound with exchangeable, weak acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable phases, which are considered as ’geochemically mobile’ phases in the environment. The leachates from the soils (n = 5) exceeded the Zambian standard (ZS: 190:2010) for Pb in potable drinking water (Pb < 0.01 mg/L). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of Pb and Zn showed a significant reduction in contents of Pb and Zn with the distance from the mine area.
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Blood Lead Levels and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Children Aged 3 to 14 Years Living near Zinc and Lead Mines in Two Provinces in Vietnam. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5597867. [PMID: 34327230 PMCID: PMC8277519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lead poisoning in children is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 403 children aged from 3 to 14 years living nearly zinc–lead mining areas in two provinces in Vietnam (Bac Kan and Thai Nguyen) from 06/2016 to 10/2016 to identify risk factors for lead contamination. Results. The proportion of children with blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥ 10 μg/dL was 80.51% in Bac Kan and 50% in Thai Nguyen; the mean blood lead level for children was 14.41 ± 9.42 μg/dL. In linear regression analyses, the body mass index was negatively associated with elevated BLLs with r = −0.404, p < 0.05 (95% CI: -0.801, -0.006). In multivariable regression analysis, several risk factors were associated with lead contamination including male sex (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.13-5.24, p = 0.02), play areas in Bac Kan (aOR = 2.3 (1.02-5.17), p = 0.04), proximity of children's home of less than 2 kilometers from the mine (aOR = 2.90 (1.54-5.44), p = 0.001), and inattentive symptoms in Thai Nguyen (aOR = 7.85, 95% CI 3.49-17.69, p = 0.001). Environmental factors, including lead concentrations in the soil and ambient air samples in both locations, are many times higher than Vietnamese standards.
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Mbonane TP, Mathee A, Swart A, Naicker N. Lead Poisoning among Male Juveniles Due to Illegal Mining: A Case Series from South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136838. [PMID: 34202222 PMCID: PMC8296937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Illegal mining is a major public health and societal concern. Recent scientific evidence indicates elevated blood–lead levels in illegal gold miners and associated communities. Yet, there is little research in this regard from low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), where illegal mining is growing. This case series is extracted from a cross-sectional study of lead exposure in incarcerated juveniles in greater Johannesburg. From survey records (blood–lead levels and questionnaires), three males had elevated blood–lead levels and presented with health conditions and behavioural problems putatively linked with lead poisoning. Based on the record review, all three juveniles were in a secure facility due to illegal mining-related activities. All three cases had high blood–lead levels and demonstrated a tendency toward aggressive or violent behaviour. They also presented with conditions associated with lead poisoning, such as anaemia, respiratory illness, abdominal disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Juveniles involved in illegal mining are at risk of exposure to heavy metals such as lead, and there is a need for relevant preventative action and health care programmes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thokozani Patrick Mbonane
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(011)-559-6240
| | - Angela Mathee
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.N.)
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - André Swart
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nisha Naicker
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.N.)
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Buerck AM, Usowicz M, Cunningham JA, Khaliq M, Barrett LJP, Rakotoarisoa L, Rakotondrazaka R, Alfredo K, Sommariva S, Mihelcic JR. Health and Economic Consequences of Lead Exposure Associated with Products and Services Provided by the Informal Economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8362-8370. [PMID: 34018712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the presence of an informal economy can lead to human exposure to toxic metals such as lead (Pb). This paper demonstrates the local health and economic benefits of modifying practices within the informal economic sector in Madagascar. Specifically, leaded components in 504 locally manufactured household water pumps were replaced with unleaded components. Prior to the intervention, 32% of the household systems exhibited lead concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L, but after the intervention, fewer than 3% of the systems were in exceedance. The reduction of lead concentration is modeled to reduce the fraction of children with elevated BLLs (>5 μg/dL) from 34 to 13%. The reduction in BLLs is estimated to provide an average economic benefit of US$11 800 per child based on predicted increases in lifetime productivity. This corresponds to a total benefit of US$8.7 million for the 730 children aged 1-5 associated with the pumps, representing a return on investment of greater than 1000-to-1. Results demonstrate how the formation of partnerships between public, private, and civil society entities, as suggested by UN Sustainable Development Goal 17, can realize important local economic and health benefits in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaline M Buerck
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Michal Usowicz
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Cunningham
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Mahmooda Khaliq
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 56, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | | | - Lova Rakotoarisoa
- ONG Ranontsika, 22 Bis Rue du Commerce, Ampasimazava, Toamasina 501, Madagascar
| | | | - Katherine Alfredo
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Silvia Sommariva
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 56, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - James R Mihelcic
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228689. [PMID: 33238507 PMCID: PMC7700695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011-2013) suggested that 58% of 1-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at 6 years of age in 2016-2018 and to compare BLLs between age 1 and 6 years, and study sources of lead at age 6 years. BLLs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs > 50 µg/L in children was 59.5% (Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1-58.7) at 6 years of age compared to 54.8% (GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4-59.6) at 1 year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs > 100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at 1 year of age to 8.2% at 6 years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanuts more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at age 6 years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at age 6 years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin, as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.
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Kirichuk AA, Skalny AA, Rusakov AI, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV. Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead levels in hair and urine in first-year RUDN University students of different geographic origins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34348-34356. [PMID: 32557050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the markers of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead exposure in first-year RUDN University students of different geographic origins. A total of 274 first-year students of the RUDN University originating from Russia (n = 65), Asia (n = 57), Middle East (n = 84), Africa (n = 40), and Latin America (n = 28) were enrolled in the present study. Evaluation of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb levels in urine and hair was performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The obtained data demonstrate that hair As levels in foreign students exceed that in Russian examinees. The highest Cd and Pb levels were detected in subjects from Africa and Latin America, whereas hair Hg content was significantly higher in Latin America students. Urinary Cd levels in foreign students exceeded those in Russian counterparts. In turn, the highest Hg concentration in urine was revealed in students originating from Middle East and especially Latin America. Urinary Pb levels were found to be the highest in students from Africa. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that Asian, African, and Latin American origins were considered as a significant predictor of hair Hg content. Higher urinary Hg levels were associated with Asia, Middle East, and Latin American origins. Prior habitation in Africa and Asia was considered as predictor of higher hair Pb and urinary Cd levels. The observed difference may be indicative of geographic difference in toxic metal exposure patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146.
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia, 460000.
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Seo JW, Hong YS. Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Residents of Abandoned Metal Mines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6280. [PMID: 32872296 PMCID: PMC7503294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the heavy metal exposure levels of the population of abandoned metal mines, with high risks of environmental pollution and health effects. We used data from a two-stage abandoned metal mines survey (AMS, n = 4467). The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea National Environmental Health Survey (KNEHS) were used as general population data. Based on the sex and age distribution in the AMS, a simple random sampling was performed, so that the two datasets had the same distribution (KNHANES n = 1815, KNEHS n = 2328). Blood lead concentrations were slightly higher in the AMS than in KNEHS. Blood cadmium concentrations were similar between the two groups. However, the difference in urine cadmium concentrations was pronounced and statistically significant. Moreover, 30.6% of the AMS data for urine cadmium concentration exceeded the 95th percentile of the KNEHS data. The concentration of lead and cadmium in the residents of the abandoned metal mines, i.e., the vulnerable regions, was higher than that in the general population. It is necessary to monitor and manage the vulnerable regions via a more active and extensive survey system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-wook Seo
- Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Young-seoub Hong
- Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
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Dong C, Taylor MP, Gulson B. A 25-year record of childhood blood lead exposure and its relationship to environmental sources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109357. [PMID: 32330765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Broken Hill, the oldest silver (Ag)-zinc (Zn)-lead (Pb) mining community in Australia, has a legacy and ongoing problem of environmental Pb exposure that was identified as early as 1893. To reduce Pb exposure risks, identifying potential exposure pathways and related factors is a critical first step. This study examined blood lead (PbB) levels of children ≤60 months old (n = 24,106 samples), along with Pb concentrations in corresponding soil (n = 10,160 samples), petri-dish dust (n = 106 houses) and ceiling dust (n = 80 houses) over a 25-year period from 1991 to 2015. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between environmental Pb sources and children's blood lead (PbB) outcomes. Analysis of the dataset showed Aboriginal children in Broken Hill had a geometric mean PbB of 7.4 μg/dL (95% CI: 6.7-7.4) being significantly higher (p < 0.01) than non-Aboriginal children (PbB 6.2 μg/dL, 95% CI: 6.2-6.3) for all years between 1991 and 2015. Children at the age of 24-36 months had a higher PbB compared with other age groups. Higher PbB levels were also statistically associated with lower socio-economic status and children living in houses built before 1940 (p < 0.01). Blood Pb was also significantly correlated with both soil Pb and indoor petri-dish dust Pb loadings, confirming that these are important pathways for exposure in Broken Hill. A 100 mg/kg increase in soil Pb was associated with a 0.12 μg/dL increase in childhood PbB. In addition, PbB concentrations increased with indoor petri-dish dust Pb loadings (i.e., 0.08 μg/dL per 100 μg/m2/30 days). The 25-year data show that the risk of exposure at ≥ 10 μg/dL was seemingly unavoidable irrespective of residential address (i.e., children of all ages presenting with a ≥10 μg/dL across the whole city area). In terms of moving forward and mitigating harmful early-life Pb exposures, all children aged 24-36 months should be prioritised for feasible and effective intervention practices. Primary intervention must focus on mitigating contemporary ongoing dust emissions from the mining operations and the associated mine-lease areas along with household soil remediation, to help prevent recontamination of homes. Additional practices of dust cleaning using wet mopping and wiping techniques, vacuuming of carpets and furnishings, ongoing monitoring of children and household dust remain important but short-lived abatement strategies. Overall, the key goal should be to eliminate risk by removing contamination in the wider environment as well as in individual homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Dong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Brian Gulson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
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A Functionalized Silicate Adsorbent and Exploration of Its Adsorption Mechanism. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081820. [PMID: 32316089 PMCID: PMC7221766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Active silicate materials have good adsorption and passivation effects on heavy metal pollutants. The experimental conditions for the preparation of active silicate heavy metal adsorbent (ASHMA) and the adsorption of Cu(II) by ASHMA were investigated. The optimum preparation conditions of ASHMA were as follows: 200 mesh quartz sand as the raw material, NaOH as an activating agent, NaOH/quartz sand = 0.45 (mass fraction), and calcination at 600 °C for 60 min. Under these conditions, the active silicon content of the adsorbent was 22.38% and the utilization efficiency of NaOH reached 89.11%. The adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) on the ASHMA was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, which provided fits of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The separation coefficient (RL) and adsorption constant (n) showed that the adsorbent favored the adsorption of Cu(II), and the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) estimated by the Langmuir isotherm was higher than that of 300 mg/L. Furthermore, adsorption by ASHMA was a relatively rapid process, and adsorption equilibrium could be achieved in 1 min. The adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the activating agent destroyed the crystal structure of the quartz sand under calcination, and formed Si-O-Na and Si-OH groups to realize activation. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption process involved the removal of Cu(II) by the formation of Si-O-Cu bonds on the surface of the adsorbent. The above results indicated that the adsorbent prepared from quartz sand had a good removal effect on Cu(II).
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Islam MA, Akber MA, Rahman MB, Rahman MA, Haque MA, Islam MA. Trace elements in rice grain and agricultural soils: assessment of health risk of inhabitants near a former secondary lead smelter in Khulna, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2521-2532. [PMID: 31054070 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of food grain grown in metal-contaminated soils may cause serious effects on human health. This study assessed the concentrations of Pb, As, Cd and Zn in agricultural soils and in rice grains near a former secondary lead smelter in Khulna, Bangladesh. It analyzed 29 samples of surface soil and rice grain collected around 500 m of the smelter. Contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index and total hazard quotient (THQ) were calculated to determine ecological and human health risks. Cd was not detected in any of the samples. For the soil samples, medians of the concentrations of Pb, As and Zn were 109, 6.2 and 514 mg/kg, respectively. For the rice grain samples, medians of the concentrations of Pb, As and Zn were 4, 1.4 and 25 mg/kg fw, respectively. Medians of the concentrations of Pb and As in rice grain were higher compared to their maximum allowable limit (0.2 mg/kg), which indicate potential health risks to inhabitants near the Pb smelter. The mean values of Cf for Pb, As, and Zn were, respectively, 11.6, 2.1 and 7.4. For Pb, around 41% of the samples had Cf > 6 indicating very strong contamination. THQ values for Pb and As were greater than 1.0, which evinces the health hazards of these trace elements. Measures should be taken to prevent trace elements exposure from Pb smelter in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azharul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ali Akber
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bayzidur Rahman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Engineering (DPHE), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aynal Haque
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Engineering (DPHE), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atikul Islam
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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24
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Jubril AJ, Obasa AA, Mohammed SA, Olopade JO, Taiwo VO. Neuropathological lesions in the brains of goats in North-Western Nigeria: possible impact of artisanal mining. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36589-36597. [PMID: 31732952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate small-scale artisanal gold mining activities were reported to have caused anthropogenic heavy metal environmental pollution in Zamfara State, north-western Nigeria. There is little or no information on the neurotoxic effects and related neuropathological lesions due to environmental pollution in the animal population. Therefore, this work investigated the concentration of heavy metal and associated lesions in the brain of goats around an artisanal mining site in Zamfara. Brain samples were collected from 40 goats at slaughter slabs in Bagega (Zamfara State) while 15 goats with the same demography but without a history of environmental exposure at the time of this study served as controls. The concentration of lead and cadmium in brain tissue and histopathologic changes were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, histology and immunohistochemistry. The metal concentrations were significantly higher in exposed goats than in the unexposed animals. Cresyl violet staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry indicated chromatolysis and increased astrocytic activity respectively in the exposed goats. This study is of epidemiological importance as it shows a generalised increase of the metal concentrations in the brain of goats exposed to artisanal mining in Zamfara, north-western Nigeria. This could have health effects on the animals associated with nervous co-ordination, growth and development and as a good sentinel for pathogenesis of the heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afusat J Jubril
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Shehu A Mohammed
- Department of Environment, State Ministry of Environment, Gusau, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Victor O Taiwo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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25
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Akber MA, Rahman MA, Islam MA, Islam MA. Potential ecological risk of metal pollution in lead smelter-contaminated agricultural soils in Khulna, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:351. [PMID: 31065865 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead smelters are important source of metal pollution. This study assessed ecological risks of three heavy metals (Pb, As, and Zn) in agricultural soils surrounding five Pb smelters from Khulna district in Bangladesh. A total of 81 surface soil samples collected within 500-m radius of the smelters were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Concentrations of Pb, As, and Zn ranged within 6-3902, 1.8-9.6, and 45.4-563 mg/kg, respectively. About half of the Pb samples (~ 51%) exceeded soil quality standard target value (85 mg/kg), and the concentrations gradually decreased with horizontal distance from the smelter. The value of pollution index (PI) measured for Pb, As, and Zn varied respectively in the range of 0-195, 0.6-3.2, and 0.67-8.28, with mean values of 11.7, 1.9, and 3.92. The value of integrated pollution index (IPI) calculated for these metals remained between 0.58 and 66.2 with a mean of 5.7, and that designates ~ 96% of the sampled soils as moderately or highly contaminated. Potential ecological risk (PER) calculated for the metals indicate that all the samples were within low to moderate risk, and the descending order of PER of the metals was Pb > As > Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ali Akber
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Engineering (DPHE), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Azharul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atikul Islam
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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Kupiec M, Pieńkowski P, Bosiacka B, Gutowska I, Kupnicka P, Prokopowicz A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Old and New Threats-Trace Metals and Fluoride Contamination in Soils at Defunct Smithy Sites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E819. [PMID: 30845740 PMCID: PMC6427284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate soil contamination with trace elements and fluoride at sites in Szczecin (NW Poland) where economic activity was historically associated with the use of trace metals. As the Polish legislation does not recognize the lasting impact of historical pollution on soils, land developers are not obliged to determine soil pollution in the new residential areas, including parks and playgrounds for children. Therefore, in this study, at the locations of defunct metalwork enterprises (smithies, foundries, chemical plants, and small metal production plants), which were closed down after World War II, we determined lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) levels in the soil. In addition, we also determined fluoride (F) levels due to the contemporary fluoride pollution in the area generated by a large chemical plant with a post-production phosphogypsum waste landfill and a power plant complex. Our results show that soil at the sites of now-defunct smithies can still act as a significant source of trace metals. Pb concentration in the surface (0⁻20 cm) and subsurface (20⁻40 cm) layers exceeded concentration thresholds for soils with first-degree pollution. The concentrations of Zn and Cu also exceeded their natural background limits. Furthermore, our research indicates an increased concentration of fluoride in surface layers of the soil; however, not exceeding the fluoride content threshold. These observations have important consequences for public health and safety because, presently, the studied sites function as housing estates and other public facilities. Therefore, contaminated soil at these sites may pose a threat to the health of local residents and should be closely monitored for trace metal contamination levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kupiec
- Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza St. 18, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Pieńkowski
- Department of Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17 St., 71-434 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Beata Bosiacka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 St., 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna 13 St., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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27
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How Does Low Socioeconomic Status Increase Blood Lead Levelsin KoreanChildren? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071488. [PMID: 30011877 PMCID: PMC6068902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that a low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with high blood lead levels (BLLs) in children, the mechanism underlying this observation is not well known. To determine how SES influences BLLs via environmental factors in Korean children, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 4744 children aged 5–13 years. Questionnaires on sociodemographic information, environmental factors, and food consumption were administered to the children’s parents. BLLs in the study subjects were measured.The complete set of hypothesized associations was assessed using regression analysis and structural equation modeling. SES was associated with high BLLs. The total effects of nutritional factors, lead in the air and total length of nearby roads, and agriculture on BLLs were −0.062 (p < 0.001), 0.068 (p = 0.005), and 0.038 (p = 0.035), respectively. The direct effects of playing outdoors and SES on BLLs were 0.113 (p < 0.001) and −0.111 (p < 0.001), respectively. Although playing outdoors had a greater direct effect on BLLs than did SES, the total effect of SES (standardized β = −0.132, p < 0.001) was greater than that of other sources owing to indirect effects (β = −0.020, p = 0.004). A low SES was a major risk factor for elevated BLLs via environmental factors.
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28
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Fuentes-Gandara F, Pinedo-Hernández J, Marrugo-Negrete J, Díez S. Human health impacts of exposure to metals through extreme consumption of fish from the Colombian Caribbean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:229-242. [PMID: 27878501 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The health risks of metal exposure due to the high consumption of fish were assessed for a riverine population living on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the edible tissues of fish were determined and used for risk assessment. The daily fish consumption of residents (n = 95) was as high as 283, 366 and 469 g/day in children (CH), women of childbearing age (WCHA) and the remaining population groups (RP), respectively. The estimation of the potential risk (HQ) indicated that there was no health risk from most of the metals, because they did not exceed their related reference doses, with values of HQ < 1. Although the concentrations of Pb and Hg were not particularly high in fish (<0.2 µg/g), their possible health effects for vulnerable groups are of great concern due to the extremely high fish intake. The Pb intake for all groups was higher than the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose for nephrotoxicity and neurodevelopmental effects in children. The weekly intake of methylmercury was also elevated, with values approximately 3, 2 and 1.5 times the provisional tolerable weekly intake for CH, WCHA and RP, respectively. Moreover, higher Hg levels were found in top predators, whereas maximum levels for other metals were found in bottom-feeding fish. This study highlights that an accurate data of daily intake, a continuous monitoring of metals in fish and their related fish consumption advisories to protect subsistence fishing communities are recommended in a local and worldwide context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Pinedo-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Water, Applied and Environmental Chemistry Group, University of Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - José Marrugo-Negrete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Water, Applied and Environmental Chemistry Group, University of Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Luzardo OP, Boada LD, Carranza C, Pérez Arellano JL, González-Antuña A, Almeida-González M, Barry-Rodríguez C, Zumbado M, Camacho M. Study of the influencing factors of the blood levels of toxic elements in Africans from 16 countries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:817-828. [PMID: 28734263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Africa's economy is growing faster than any other continent and it has been estimated that the middle class in Africa now exceeds 350 million people. This has meant a parallel increase in the importation of consumer goods and in the implementation of communication and information technologies (ICT), but also in the generation of large quantities of e-waste. However, inadequate infrastructure development remains a major constraint to the continent's economic growth and these highly toxic residues are not always adequately managed. Few studies have been conducted to date assessing the possible association between socioeconomic development factors, including e-waste generation, and blood levels of inorganic elements in African population. To disclose the role of geographical, anthropogenic, and socioeconomic development determinants on the blood levels of Ag, Al, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, and V -all of them frequently found in e-waste-, an immigrant population-based study was made including a total of 245 subjects from 16 countries recently arrived to the Canary Islands (Spain). Women presented higher levels of blood elements than men, and Northern Africans (Moroccans) were the most contaminated. People from low-income countries exhibited significantly lower blood levels of inorganic elements than those from middle-income countries. We found a significant association between the use of motor vehicles and the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the level of contamination. Immigrants from the countries with a high volume of imports of second-hand electronic equipment, telephone and internet use had higher levels of inorganic elements. In general terms, the higher level of economic development the higher the blood levels of inorganic pollutants, suggesting that the economic development of Africa, in parallel to e-waste generation and the existence of informal recycling sites, have directly affected the level of contamination of the population of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Cristina Carranza
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez Arellano
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana González-Antuña
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Carlos Barry-Rodríguez
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
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30
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Li Q, Zhang P, Yu X, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Xie Y, Xue P, Sun S, Jia X, Zhou Z, He M, Zhang Y. Lead Transiently Promotes Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Differentiation and Subsequently Suppresses Common Myeloid Progenitor Differentiation. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:268-283. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Xinchun Yu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengli Yang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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31
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Bornman MS, Aneck-Hahn NH, de Jager C, Wagenaar GM, Bouwman H, Barnhoorn IEJ, Patrick SM, Vandenberg LN, Kortenkamp A, Blumberg B, Kimmins S, Jegou B, Auger J, DiGangi J, Heindel JJ. Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:085005. [PMID: 28935616 PMCID: PMC5783641 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Africa faces a number of unique environmental challenges. Unfortunately, it lacks the infrastructure needed to support the comprehensive environmental studies that could provide the scientific basis to inform environmental policies. There are a number of known sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other hazardous chemicals in Africa. However, a coordinated approach to identify and monitor these contaminants and to develop strategies for public health interventions has not yet been made. OBJECTIVES This commentary summarizes the scientific evidence presented by experts at the First African Endocrine Disruptors meeting. We describe a "call to action" to utilize the available scientific knowledge to address the impact of EDCs on human and wildlife health in Africa. DISCUSSION We identify existing knowledge gaps about exposures to EDCs in Africa and describe how well-designed research strategies are needed to address these gaps. A lack of resources for research and a lag in policy implementation slows down intervention strategies and poses a challenge to advancing future health in Africa. CONCLUSION To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Bornman
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Natalie H Aneck-Hahn
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christiaan de Jager
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gesina M Wagenaar
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University , Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Sean M Patrick
- Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences , Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London , Uxbridge, UK
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Bernard Jegou
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET-INSERM UMR 1085 ), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) , Rennes, France
- Ecole des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) , Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Auger
- INSERM U1016, Equipe Génomique, Epigénétique et Physiologie de la Reproduction, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes , Paris, France
| | - Joseph DiGangi
- International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN) , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Liu Y, Bello O, Rahman MM, Dong Z, Islam S, Naidu R. Investigating the relationship between lead speciation and bioaccessibility of mining impacted soils and dusts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17056-17067. [PMID: 28580551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) bioaccessibility measurements have been the subject of much research in recent years, given the desire to develop a cost-effective and reliable alternative method to estimate its bioavailability from soils and dusts. This study investigates the relationship between Pb bioaccessibility estimated using the Relative Bioavailability Leaching Procedure (RBALP) and solid phase speciation of Pb using mining impacted soils and associated dusts. Solid phase speciation was conducted prior to and after RBALP extractions. The average Pb concentrations were 59, 67, and 385 mg/kg for top soil, sub-soil, and house dust samples, respectively. Lead bioaccessibility in selected top soils and dusts ranged from 16.7 to 57.3% and 8.9 to 98.1%, respectively. Solid phase speciation of Pb in <250 μm residues prior to and after RBALP extraction revealed 83% decrease in Pb bound to carbonate fraction after RBALP extraction. This accounts for 69% of RBALP-extractable Pb. Besides contribution from carbonate bound Pb, 76.6 and 53.2% of Pb bound to Mn oxyhydroxides and amorphous Fe and Al oxyhydroxides contributed to bioaccessible Pb, respectively. However, Pb bound to Mn oxyhydroxides and amorphous Fe and Al oxyhydroxides account for only 13.8 and 20.0% of total RBALP-extractable Pb, respectively. Both non-specifically bound and easily exchangeable fractions and strongly bound inner-sphere complexes were also part of bioaccessible Pb. The present study demonstrates that bioaccessible Pb is released from both soil solution phase Pb as well as that from all soil solid phase with the most contribution being from Pb bound to carbonate mineral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Liu
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Olanrewaju Bello
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Center for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Sam K, Coulon F, Prpich G. A multi-attribute methodology for the prioritisation of oil contaminated sites in the Niger Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1323-1332. [PMID: 27916308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ogoniland region of the Niger Delta contains a vast number of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons that originated from Nigeria's active oil sector. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reported on this widespread contamination in 2011, however, wide-scale action to clean-up these sites has yet to be initiated. A challenge for decision makers responsible for the clean-up of these sites has been the prioritisation of sites to enable appropriate allocation of scarce resources. In this study, a risk-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework was used to prioritise high-risk sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in the Ogoniland region of Nigeria. The prioritisation method used a set of risk-based attributes that took into account chemical and ecological impacts, as well as socio-economic impacts, providing a holistic assessment of the risk. Data for the analysis was taken from the UNEP Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, where over 110 communities were assessed for oil-contamination. Results from our prioritisation show that the highest-ranking sites were not necessarily the sites with the highest observed level of hydrocarbon contamination. This differentiation was due to our use of proximity as a surrogate measure for likelihood of exposure. Composite measures of risk provide a more robust assessment, and can enrich discussions about risk management and the allocation of resources for the clean-up of affected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabari Sam
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Frédéric Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - George Prpich
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy, and Environment, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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Bouchelkia N, Mouni L, Belkhiri L, Bouzaza A, Bollinger JC, Madani K, Dahmoune F. Removal of lead(II) from water using activated carbon developed from jujube stones, a low-cost sorbent. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1178289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasma Bouchelkia
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj, Bouira, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université Akli Mohand Oulhadj, Bouira, Algeria
| | - Lazhar Belkhiri
- Département d’Hydraulique, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Bouzaza
- Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – Equipe Chimie et Ingénierie des Procédés, UMR 6226 CNRS, ENSCR, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- Groupement de Recherche Eau-Sol-Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Khoudir Madani
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Farid Dahmoune
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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