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Ramírez-Morales D, Rojas-Jiménez K, Castro-Gutiérrez V, Rodríguez-Saravia S, Vaglio-Garro A, Araya-Valverde E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Ecotoxicological effects of ketoprofen and fluoxetine and their mixture in an aquatic microcosm. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106924. [PMID: 38678909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of fluoxetine (antidepressant) and ketoprofen (analgesic) on aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown, particularly as a mixture. This work aimed at determining the effect of sublethal concentrations of both compounds individually (0.050 mg/L) and their mixture (0.025 mg/L each) on aquatic communities at a microcosm scale for a period of 14 d. Several physicochemical parameters were monitored to estimate functional alterations in the ecosystem, while model organisms (Daphnia magna, Lemna sp., Raphidocelis subcapitata) and the sequencing of 16S/18S rRNA genes permitted to determine effects on specific populations and changes in community composition, respectively. Disturbances were more clearly observed after 14 d, and overall, the microcosms containing fluoxetine (alone or in combination with ketoprofen) produced larger alterations on most physicochemical and biological variables, compared to the microcosm containing only ketoprofen, which suffered less severe changes. Differences in nitrogen species suggest alterations in the N-cycle due to the presence of fluoxetine; similarly, all pharmaceutical-containing systems decreased the brood rate of D. magna, while individual compounds inhibited the growth of Lemna sp. No clear trends were observed regarding R. subcapitata, as indirectly determined by chlorophyll quantification. The structure of micro-eukaryotic communities was altered in the fluoxetine-containing systems, whereas the structure of bacterial communities was affected to a greater extent by the mixture. The disruptions to the equilibrium of the microcosm demonstrate the ecological risk these compounds pose to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | | | - Víctor Castro-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Sebastián Rodríguez-Saravia
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Annette Vaglio-Garro
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Emanuel Araya-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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Sun P, Zhao W. Control list of high-priority chemicals based on 5-HT-RI functionality and the human health interference effects selective CNN-GRU deep learning model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169699. [PMID: 38181943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The antidepressant drug known as 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (5-HT-RI) was commonly detected in biological tissues and result in significant adverse health effects. Homology modeling was used to characterize the functionalities (efficacy and resistance), and the adverse outcome pathway was used to characterize its human health interferences (olfactory toxicity, neurotoxicity, and gut microbial interference). The convolutional neural network coupled with the gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) deep learning method was used to construct a comprehensive model of 5-HT-RI functionality and human health interference effects selectivity with small sample data. The architecture with 2 SE, 320 neuronal nodes and 6-folds cross-validation showed the best applicability. The results showed that the confidence interval of the constructed model reached 90 % indicating that the model had reliable prediction ability and generalization ability. Based on the CNN-GRU deep learning model, seven high-priority chemicals with a weak comprehensive effect, including D-VEN, (1R,4S)-SER, S-FLX, CTP, S-CTP, NEF, and VEN, were screened. Based on the molecular three-dimensional structure information, a comprehensive-effect three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was constructed to confirm the reliability of the constructed control list of 5-HT-RI high-priority chemicals. Analysis with the ranking of calculated values based on the molecular dynamics method and predicted values based on the CNN-GRU deep learning model, we found that the consistency of the three methods was above 85 %. Additionally, by analyzing the sensitivity, molecular electrostatic potential, polar surface area of the comprehensive-effect CNN-GRU deep learning model, and the electrostatic field of the 3D-QSAR models, we found that the significant effects of five key characteristics (DM, Qyy, Qxz, I, and BP), molecular electronegativity, and polarity significantly affected the high-priority degree of 5-HT-RI. In this study, we provided reasonable and reliable prediction tools and discussed theoretical methods for the risk assessment of functionality and human health interference of emerging pollutants such as 5-HT-RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Iturburu FG, Bertrand L, Soursou V, Scheibler EE, Calderon G, Altamirano JC, Amé MV, Menone ML, Picó Y. Pesticides and PPCPs in aquatic ecosystems of the andean central region: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment in the Uco valley. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133274. [PMID: 38128229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Uco valley (Mendoza, Argentina) suffers the concomitant effect of climate change, anthropic pressure and water scarcity. Moreover chemical pollution to aquatic ecosystems could be another pressuring factor, but it was not studied enough to the present. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic ecosystems of the Uco Valley and to perform an ecological risk assessment (ERA). The presence of several insecticides (mainly neonicotinoids), herbicides (atrazine, diuron, metolachlor, terbutryn) and fungicides (strobilurins, triazolic and benzimidazolic compounds) in water samples in two seasons, related to crops like vineyards, garlic or fruit trees was associated to medium and high-risk probabilities for aquatic biota. Moreover, PPCPs of the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, parabens and bisphenol A were detected in all the samples and their calculated risk quotients also indicated a high risk. This is the first record of pesticides and PPCPs with an ERA in this growing agricultural oasis. Despite the importance of these findings in Uco Valley for decision makers in the region, this multilevel approach could bring a wide variety of tools for similar regions in with similar productive and environmental conditions, in order to afford actions to reach Sustainable Development Goals. SYNOPSIS: Aquatic ecosystems in arid mountain regions are threatened worldwide. This study reports relevant data about chemical pollution in Central Andes, which could be a useful tool to enhance SDGs' accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Iturburu
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Juan B. Justo 2550, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Lidwina Bertrand
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Contaminación Acuática y Ecotoxicología (LICAE), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vasiliki Soursou
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV) University of Valencia, Road CV-315 km 10.7, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erica E Scheibler
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo)-Government of Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Calderon
- Instituto del Hábitat y del Ambiente (IHAM), Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño (FAUD, UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET-UNCuyo-Government of Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque General San Martín, 5500 (P.O. Box 331), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), UNCuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, 5502 (P.O. Box 331), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María V Amé
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Contaminación Acuática y Ecotoxicología (LICAE), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta L Menone
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Juan B. Justo 2550, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV) University of Valencia, Road CV-315 km 10.7, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Gobbato J, Becchi A, Bises C, Siena F, Lasagni M, Saliu F, Galli P, Montano S. Occurrence of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in key species of anthozoans in Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116078. [PMID: 38290362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea's biodiversity is declining due to climate change and human activities, with plastics and emerging contaminants (ECs) posing significant threats. This study assessed phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) occurrence in four anthozoan species (Cladocora caespitosa, Eunicella cavolini, Madracis pharensis, Parazoanthus axinellae) using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All specimens were contaminated with at least one contaminant, reaching maximum values of 57.3 ng/g for the ∑PAEs and 64.2 ng/g (wet weight) for ∑APIs, with dibutyl phthalate and Ketoprofen being the most abundant. P. axinellae was the most contaminated species, indicating higher susceptibility to bioaccumulation, while the other three species showed two-fold lower concentrations. Moreover, the potential adverse effects of these contaminants on anthozoans have been discussed. Investigating the impact of PAEs and APIs on these species is crucial, given their key role in the Mediterranean benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gobbato
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, 12030 Faafu Atoll, Maldives.
| | - A Becchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C Bises
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, 12030 Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - F Siena
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, 12030 Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - M Lasagni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - P Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, 12030 Faafu Atoll, Maldives; University of Dubai, P.O. Box 14143, Dubai Academic City, United Arab Emirates; NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - S Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, 12030 Faafu Atoll, Maldives; NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Chebii F, K'oreje K, Okoth M, Lutta S, Masime P, Demeestere K. Occurrence and environmental risks of contaminants of emerging concern across the River Athi Basin, Kenya, in dry and wet seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169696. [PMID: 38160815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the environmental occurrence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals (PhACs), personal care products (PCPs) and modern polar pesticides has raised ecological and human health awareness. However, as the developed world races against time to establish regulatory measures to mitigate their effects, developing nations including Kenya are lagging behind, partly due to unavailability of adequate data. In this work, a multi-residue analysis of 86 CECs was carried out on 198 surface water and 18 effluent samples collected at 24 sites across the River Athi basin area, Kenya, in both dry and rainy seasons. Overall, 57 CECs comprising 31 PhACs (0.4 ng L-1-142 μg L-1), 6 PCPs (0.7-570 ng L-1) and 20 pesticides (0.3 ng L-1-8.3 μg L-1) were detected. The maximum loads varied from 217 g day-1 (PCPs) to 46 kg day-1 (PhACs). Individually, carbamazepine, nevirapine, sulfamethoxazole and DEET were the most ubiquitous CECs, with detection frequencies (DF) higher than 80 %. The highest concentrations were observed at river sites that are heavily impacted by informal settlements, highlighting the critical role of slums in urban rivers pollution. At least 8 CECs including acetamiprid, alachlor, atrazine, diuron, nevirapine and paracetamol show potential risk to algae, Daphnia magna and fish, as exemplified by Risk Quotients (RQ) up to 174. Similarly, potential risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria development is evident (RQ up to 64), being driven by metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Ultimately, further studies on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria within the basin and among the communities consuming untreated river water for drinking is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Chebii
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kenneth K'oreje
- Water Resources Management Authority, P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Samuel Lutta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Philip Masime
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ying Z, Wang C, Hu S, Wang R, Lu Z, Zhang Q. Neonicotinoids Persisting in the Sea Pose a Potential Chronic Risk to Marine Organisms: A Case from Xiangshan Bay, China (2015-2019). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38323904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are extensively employed in agriculture and pervade various environmental matrices. However, few studies have documented the occurrence and potential chronic ecological risks of these chemicals in the marine environment. We collected 720 seawater samples from Xiangshan Bay during 2015-2019 and the integrated concentrations of seven neonics were determined using the relative potency factor method. Trend analyses using the Mann-Kendall test in time series, along with the estimation of the flux of neonics into the sea, were conducted. At last, the ecological risk of neonics was evaluated by water quality criteria derivation based on species sensitivity distribution. Our findings revealed that 47.6% of samples contained at least one neonic, with the integrated concentration of neonics ranging from 63.30 to 1684.14 ng/L. Imidacloprid and dinotefuran exhibited the highest frequency of detection in the analysis. The significance level of the Mann-Kendall test ranged from 2.16 × 10-10 to 1.21 × 10-5 (S > 0), indicating all neonics behaved with sharply increasing trends. Approximately 8.47 × 10-2 tons of neonics were discharged into Xiangshan Bay. Notably, the integrated concentrations of neonics represented a potential chronic ecological risk to marine organisms. This study provided novel insights into the spatial distribution, source, and migration of neonic species and their impacts on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeteng Ying
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shitao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengbiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
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Hernández-Tenorio R. Hydroxylated transformation products of pharmaceutical active compounds: Generation from processes used in wastewater treatment plants and its environmental monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140753. [PMID: 38006923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are organic pollutants detected in wastewater and aquatic environments worldwide in concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1. Wastewater effluents containing PhACs residues is discharged in municipal sewage and, subsequently collected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) where are not entirely removed. Thus, PhACs and its transformation products (TPs) are discharged into water bodies. In the current work, the transformation of PhACs under treatments used in municipal WWTPs such as biological, photolysis, chlorination, and ozonation processes was reviewed. Data set of the major transformation pathways were obtained of studies that performed the PhACs removal and TPs monitoring during batch-scale experiments using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS/MS). Several transformation pathways as dealkylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, acetylation, aromatic ring opening, chlorination, dehalogenation, photo-substitution, and ozone attack reactions were identified during the transformation of PhACs. Especially, hydroxylation reaction was identified as transformation pathway in all the processes. During the elucidation of hydroxylated TPs several isobaric compounds as monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated were identified. However, hydroxylated TPs monitoring in wastewater and aquatic environments is a topic scarcely studied due to that has no environmental significance, lack of available analytic standars of hydroxylated TPs and lack of analytic methods for their identification. Thus, screening strategy for environmental monitoring of hydroxylated TPs was proposed through target and suspect screening using GC/LC-MS/MS systems. In the next years, more studies on the hydroxylated TPs monitoring are necessary for its detection in WWTPs effluents as well as studies on their environmental effects in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Hernández-Tenorio
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede Noreste, Vía de La Innovación 404, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, C.P. 66628, Mexico.
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8
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Kim M, Njaramba LK, Yoon Y, Jang M, Park CM. Thermally-activated gelatin-chitosan-MOF hybrid aerogels for efficient removal of ibuprofen and naproxen. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121436. [PMID: 37985070 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently used drugs and have been frequently detected in aquatic environments. This paper demonstrates a thermally-activated gelatin-chitosan and amine-functionalized metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) aerogel (CGC-MOF), which was successfully synthesized for the efficient removal of ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NPX). Various characterization tools were used to systematically analyze the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the synthesized aerogel. In addition, the effect of key reaction parameters as well as batch and continuous-flow fixed-bed column experiments were carried out to elucidate the adsorption process. Several functional groups in the biopolymer network, combined with excellent MOF properties, synergistically couple to form an adsorbent with great performance. The mesoporous aerogel activated at 200 °C (CGC-MOF200) exhibited a high specific surface area (819.6 m2/g) that is valuable in providing abundant adsorption active sites that facilitate the efficient adsorption of IBP and NPX. CGC-MOF200 exhibited an excellent removal of IBP and NPX, accounting to 99.28 % and 96.39 %, respectively. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm models, suggesting heterogeneous and chemisorption adsorption processes. Overall, this work provides new and valuable insights into the development of a promising biopolymer-MOF composite aerogel for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lewis Kamande Njaramba
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gil-Solsona R, Ospina-Álvarez N, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, Farré M, León VM, Barceló D, Santos LHMLM, Rodríguez-Mozaz S. Fate of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro River Delta region: The combined evaluation of water, sediment, plastic litter, and biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167467. [PMID: 37778570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals, alongside their limited removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), have led to their ubiquitous occurrence in receiving aquatic environments. This study addresses the occurrence of 68 pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the Ebro River Delta region (NE Spain), as well as their distribution in different environmental compartments, including surface water, sediments, biota (river biofilm and fish tissues), and field-collected plastic litter. In addition, their concentrations in serving WWTPs, as possible sources of environmental contamination, were also determined. Our study confirmed the widespread occurrence of PhACs in riverine and, to a more limited extent, coastal environments. Most frequently detected PhACs belonged to analgesics/anti-inflammatories (e.g., ibuprofen) and psychiatric drugs (e.g., venlafaxine) therapeutic groups, followed by antihypertensives (e.g., valsartan) and antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin). Seasonal differences in cumulative levels of PhACs were reported for water and sediments (winter>summer). Despite spatial gradients were not clear along the river, a non-negligible contribution of upstream Ebro sites (reference area) was highlighted, which was unexpected based on the low anthropogenic pressure. Sediments represented a minor attenuation pathway for the selected PhACs, whereas they were more heavily accumulated in biota: fish liver (up to 166 ng/g dw), river biofilms (up to 108 ng/g dw), fish plasma (up to 63 ng/mL), and fish muscle (up to 31 ng/g dw). These findings highlight the importance of biomonitoring in the characterization of polluted areas and prioritization of hazardous substances (e.g., psychiatric drugs) in aquatic systems, and a particular interest of fish plasma as non-destructive biomonitoring matrix. PhACs were also detected on plastic litter, demonstrating their role as environmental sinks for certain PhACs (e.g., analgesics/anti-inflammatories, psychiatric drugs). Overall, the widespread detection of PhACs in a variety of biotic and abiotic matrices from the lower Ebro River and Delta warns about their possible environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - R Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Ospina-Álvarez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre), 9700-702 Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | | | - M Farré
- IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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10
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Wang W, Zhang J, Hu M, Liu X, Sun T, Zhang H. Antidepressants in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, transformation and acute toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166120. [PMID: 37579797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants (ATDs) are one of the most prescribed medications for psychiatric conditions. The widespread presence in aquatic environment and demonstrated ecotoxicity make ATDs a class of concerning emerging contaminants. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide important connecting channel between wastewater and aquatic environment. Herein, we present a critical overview of the occurrence, transformation and toxicity of typical ATDs during water treatments. The total concentration of the detected ATDs and their metabolites in the WWTP influents and effluents are 72.62-5011.80 ng/L and 114.48-6992.40 ng/L, respectively, on a global scale. The frequently observed negative removal of ATDs in WWTPs indicates that some ATDs exist as conjugates in wastewaters. The biotic and abiotic transformation of ATDs and the generated transformation byproducts (TPs) were identified, which occurred in WWTPs worldwide along with ATDs. Acute toxicity of ATDs and their TPs was predicated using the ECOSAR model. Compared to ATDs, the demonstrated enhanced toxicity of several TPs to aquatic organisms necessitates more attention on TPs monitoring in WWTPs. This work provides scientific support for wastewater advanced treatment to alleviate ATDs pollution in effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Command Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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11
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Felisardo RJA, Brillas E, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Cavalcanti EB, Garcia-Segura S. Degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in urine by electrochemical oxidation with a DSA anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140407. [PMID: 37838029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone antibiotic that, even after uptake, remains unmetabolized to a significant extent-over 70%. Unmetabolized CIP is excreted through both urine and feces. This persistent compound manages to evade removal in municipal wastewater facilities, leading to its substantial accumulation in aquatic environments. This accumulation raises concerns about potential risks to the health of various living organisms. Herein, we present a study on the remediation of CIP in synthetic urine by electrochemical oxidation in an undivided cell with a DSA (Ti/IrO2) anode and a stainless-steel cathode. Physisorbed hydroxyl radical formed at the anode surface from water discharge and free chlorine generated from Cl- oxidation were the main oxidizing agents. The effect of pH and current density (j) on CIP degradation was examined, and its total removal was easily achieved at pH ≥ 7.0 and j ≥ 60 mA cm-2 due to the action of free chlorine. The CIP decay always followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The components of the synthetic urine were also oxidized. The main nitrogenated species released was NH3. A very small concentration of free chlorine was quantified at the end of the treatment, thus demonstrating the good performance of electrochemical oxidation and its effectiveness to destroy all the organic pollutants. The present study demonstrates the simultaneous oxidation of the organic components of urine during CIP degradation, thus showing a unique perspective for its electrochemical oxidation that enhances the environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul José Alves Felisardo
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Avenue, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqus 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eliane Bezerra Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Avenue, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, 300 Murilo Dantas Avenue, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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12
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Zhu X, Luo T, Wang D, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Yang G. The occurrence of typical psychotropic drugs in the aquatic environments and their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165732. [PMID: 37495145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs (PDs) and their bioactive metabolites often persist in aquatic environments due to their typical physical properties, which made them resistant to removal by traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, such drugs and/or their metabolites are frequently detected in both aquatic environments and organisms. Even at low concentrations, these drugs can exhibit toxic effects on non-target organisms including bony fish (zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnows) and bivalves (freshwater mussels and clams). This narrative review focuses on the quintessential representatives of three different categories of PDs-antiepileptics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The data regarding their concentrations occurring in the environment, patterns of distribution, the degree of enrichment in various tissues of aquatic organisms, and the toxicological effects on them are summarized. The toxicological assessments of these drugs included the evaluation of their effects on the reproductive, embryonic development, oxidative stress-related, neurobehavioral, and genetic functions in various experimental models. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PDs to aquatic organisms and their potential health risks to humans remain unclear. Most studies have focused on the effects caused by acute short-term exposure due to limitations in the experimental conditions, thus making it necessary to investigate the chronic toxic effects at concentrations that are in coherence with those occurring in the environment. Additionally, this review aims to raise awareness and stimulate further research efforts by highlighting the gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms behind PD-induced toxicity and potential health risks. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of developing advanced remediation methods for the removal of PDs in WWTPs and encourages a broader discussion on mitigating their environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China.
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13
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Hao C, Rao F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Chen J, Wågberg T, Hu G. Low-temperature molten-salt synthesis of Co 3O 4 nanoparticles grown on MXene can rapidly remove ornidazole via peroxymonosulfate activation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121811. [PMID: 37209900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We further developed previous work on MXene materials prepared using molten salt methodology. We substituted single, with mixed salts, and reduced the melting point from >724 °C to <360 °C. Cobalt (Co) compounds were simultaneously etched and doped while the MXene material was created using various techniques in which Co compounds occur as Co3O4. The synthesized Co3O4/MXene compound was used as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator that would generate free radicals to degrade antibiotic ornidazole (ONZ). Under optimal conditions, almost 100% of ONZ (30 mg/L) was degraded within 10 min. The Co3O4/MXene + PMS system efficiently degraded ONZ in natural water bodies, and had a broad pH adaptation range (4-11), and strong anion anti-interference. We investigated how the four active substances were generated using radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We identified 12 ONZ intermediates by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and propose a plausible degradative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Hao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Fengling Rao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, China
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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14
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Phukan D, Kumar V. Tracking drugged waters from various sources to drinking water-its persistence, environmental risk assessment, and removal techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86676-86698. [PMID: 37436619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have become a major concern due to their nature of persistence and accumulation in the environment. Very few studies have been performed relating to its toxicity and ill effects on the aquatic/terrestrial flora and fauna. The typical wastewater and water treatment processes are not efficient enough to get these persistent pollutants treated, and there are hardly any guidelines followed. Most of them do not get fully metabolized and end up in rivers through human excreta and household discharge. Various methods have been adopted with the advancement in technology, sustainable methods are more in demand as they are usually cost-effective, and hardly any toxic by-products are produced. This paper aims to illustrate the concerns related to pharmaceutical contaminants in water, commonly found drugs in the various rivers and their existing guidelines, ill effects of highly detected pharmaceuticals on aquatic flora and fauna, and its removal and remediation techniques putting more emphasis on sustainable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Phukan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 826004
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 826004.
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15
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Alharbi OA, Jarvis E, Galani A, Thomaidis NS, Nika MC, Chapman DV. Assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in Riyadh wastewater treatment plants, Saudi Arabia: Mass loadings, seasonal variations, removal efficiency and environmental risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163284. [PMID: 37031940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in pharmaceutical emissions worldwide, studies of environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals arising from wastewater discharges in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study examined occurrence, mass loads and removal efficiency for 15 pharmaceuticals and one metabolite (oxypurinol) from different therapeutic classes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 samples were collected from the influents and effluents between March 2018 and July 2019 and analyzed using Solid Phase Extraction followed by triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. The average concentrations in the influents and effluents were generally higher than their corresponding concentrations found either in previous Saudi Arabian or global studies. The four most dominant compounds in the influent were acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, caffeine, and diclofenac, with caffeine and acetaminophen having the highest concentrations ranging between 943 and 2282 μg/L. Metformin and ciprofloxacin were the most frequently detected compounds in the effluents at concentrations as high as 33.2 μg/L. Ciprofloxacin had the highest mass load in the effluents of all three WWTPs, ranging between 0.20 and 20.7 mg/day/1000 inhabitants for different WWTPs. The overall average removal efficiency was estimated high (≥80), with no significant different (p > 0.05) between the treatment technology applied. Acetaminophen and caffeine were almost completely eliminated in all three WWTPs. The samples collected in the cold season generally had higher levels of detected compounds than those from the warm seasons, particularly for NSAID and antibiotic compounds. The estimated environmental risk from pharmaceutical compounds in the studied effluents was mostly low, except for antibiotic compounds. Thus, antibiotics should be considered for future monitoring programmes of the aquatic environment in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid A Alharbi
- Water Management & Treatment Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Edward Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah V Chapman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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16
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Intisar A, Ramzan A, Hafeez S, Hussain N, Irfan M, Shakeel N, Gill KA, Iqbal A, Janczarek M, Jesionowski T. Adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation potential of porous polymeric materials for removal of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and dyes-based emerging contaminants from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139203. [PMID: 37315851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Life on earth is dependent on clean water, which is crucial for survival. Water supplies are getting contaminated due to the growing human population and its associated industrialization, urbanization, and chemically improved agriculture. Currently, a large number of people struggle to find clean drinking water, a problem that is particularly serious in developing countries. To meet the enormous demand of clean water around the world, there is an urgent need of advanced technologies and materials that are affordable, easy to use, thermally efficient, portable, environmentally benign, and chemically durable. The physical, chemical and biological methods are used to eliminate insoluble materials and soluble pollutants from wastewater. In addition to cost, each treatment carries its limitations in terms of effectiveness, productivity, environmental effect, sludge generation, pre-treatment demands, operating difficulties, and the creation of potentially hazardous byproducts. To overcome the problems of traditional methods, porous polymers have distinguished themselves as practical and efficient materials for the treatment of wastewater because of their distinctive characteristics such as large surface area, chemical versatility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. This study overviews improvement in manufacturing methods and the sustainable usage of porous polymers for wastewater treatment and explicitly discusses the efficiency of advanced porous polymeric materials for the removal of emerging pollutants viz. pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals whereby adsorption and photocatalytic degradation are considered to be among the most promising methods for their effective removal. Porous polymers are considered excellent adsorbents for the mitigation of these pollutants as they are cost-effective and have greater porosities to facilitate penetration and adhesion of pollutants, thus enhance their adsorption functionality. Appropriately functionalized porous polymers can offer the potential to eliminate hazardous chemicals and making water useful for a variety of purposes thus, numerous types of porous polymers have been selected, discussed and compared especially in terms of their efficiencies against specific pollutants. The study also sheds light on numerous challenges faced by porous polymers in the removal of contaminants, their solutions and some associated toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Arooj Ramzan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzar Hafeez
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Doctoral School of Exact Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Poland
| | - Nasir Shakeel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Komal Aziz Gill
- Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lui's Reis Santos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcin Janczarek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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17
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Cunha M, Silva MG, De Marchi L, Morgado RG, Esteves VI, Meucci V, Battaglia F, Soares AM, Pretti C, Freitas R. Toxic effects of a mixture of pharmaceuticals in Mytilus galloprovincialis: The case of 17α-ethinylestradiol and salicylic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121070. [PMID: 36641066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pharmaceuticals on marine invertebrates has been a topic of rising concern, with an increasing number of studies regarding the impacts on bivalves. However, very few investigated the toxicity of mixtures of pharmaceuticals. This knowledge gap was investigated in the present study, where the toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and salicylic acid (SA) mixture was evaluated. To this end, Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels were chronically subjected to both pharmaceuticals, acting alone and in combination, and the effects at the cellular level were measured. The Independent Action (IA) model was performed aiming to compare obtained with predicted responses. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was used to assess the overall biochemical response given by mussels. The results obtained revealed that the most stressful condition was caused by the combined effect of EE2 and SA, with the highest metabolic capacity, antioxidant (catalase activity) and biotransformation (carboxylesterases activity) activation and cellular damage in organisms exposed to the mixture of both drugs in comparison to responses observed when each drug was acting alone. Predicted responses obtained from the IA model indicate that caution should be paid as frequent deviations to observed responses were found. This study highlights the need for future studies considering the mixture of pollutants, mimicking the actual environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cunha
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica G Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Rui G Morgado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Federica Battaglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Amadeu Mvm Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Silva AR, Mesquita DP, Salomé Duarte M, Lado Ribeiro AR, Pereira MFR, Madalena Alves M, Monteiro S, Santos R, Cunha MV, Jorge S, Vieira J, Vilaça J, Lopes LC, Carvalho M, Brito C, Martins A, Pereira L. Exploring the correlations between epi indicators of COVID-19 and the concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment plants in Northern Portugal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 10:100315. [PMID: 37193121 PMCID: PMC10171898 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to changes in the lifestyle and human behaviour, which resulted in different consumption patterns of some classes of pharmaceuticals including curative, symptom-relieving, and psychotropic drugs. The trends in the consumption of these compounds are related to their concentrations in wastewater systems, since incompletely metabolised drugs (or their metabolites back transformed into the parental form) may be detected and quantified by analytical methods. Pharmaceuticals are highly recalcitrant compounds and conventional activated sludge processes implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are ineffective at degrading these substances. As a results, these compounds end up in waterways or accumulate in the sludge, being a serious concern given their potential effects on ecosystems and public health. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the presence of pharmaceuticals in water and sludge to assist in the search for more effective processes. In this work, eight pharmaceuticals from five therapeutic classes were analysed in wastewater and sludge samples collected in two WWTP located in the Northern Portugal, during the third COVID-19 epidemic wave in Portugal. The two WWTP demonstrated a similar pattern with respect to the concentration levels in that period. However, the drugs loads reaching each WWTP were dissimilar when normalising the concentrations to the inlet flow rate. Acetaminophen (ACET) was the compound detected at highest concentrations in aqueous samples of both WWTP (98. 516 μg L - 1 in WWTP2 and 123. 506 μg L - 1in WWTP1), indicating that this drug is extensively used without the need of a prescription, known of general public knowledge as an antipyretic and analgesic agent to treat pain and fever. The concentrations determined in the sludge samples were below 1.65 µg g - 1 in both WWTP, the highest value being found for azithromycin (AZT). This result may be justified by the physico-chemical characteristics of the compound that favour its adsorption to the sludge surface through ionic interactions. It was not possible to establish a clear relationship between the incidence of COVID-19 cases in the sewer catchment and the concentration of drugs detected in the same period. However, looking at the data obtained, the high incidence of COVID-19 in January 2021 is in line with the high concentration of drugs detected in the aqueous and sludge samples but prediction of drug load from viral load data was unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Silva
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
| | - Daniela P Mesquita
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
| | - M Salomé Duarte
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
| | - Ana R Lado Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - M Madalena Alves
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Monteiro
- Laboratório de Análises de Águas, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratório de Análises de Águas, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - António Martins
- AdP VALOR- Serviços Ambientais, S.A, Portugal
- Água do Algarve, S.A, Portugal
| | - Luciana Pereira
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
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19
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Ke Z, Tang J, Yang L, Sun J, Xu Y. Linking pharmaceutical residues to dissolved organic matter and aquatic bacterial communities in a highly urbanized bay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162027. [PMID: 36740058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are causing environmental concerns associated with their widespread distribution in aquatic ecosystems. The environmental fate and behavior of pharmaceutical residues are related to dissolved organic matter and bacterial communities, both of which are strongly influenced by human activities. However, the relationships among pharmaceutical pollution, dissolved organic matter pool, and bacterial community structure under the pressure of human activities are still unclear, especially in highly urbanized bay areas. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of 35 pharmaceuticals in a typical urbanized bay (Hangzhou Bay) in Eastern China, and analyzed their relationships with dissolved organic matter and aquatic bacterial community structure. The target pharmaceuticals were ubiquitously detected in surface water samples, with their concentrations ranging from undetectable to 263 ng/L. The detected pharmaceuticals were mostly sulfonamides, macrolides, antidepressants, and metabolites of stimulants. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of pharmaceuticals and the intensity of human activities. Strong correlations also emerged between the concentration of antidepressants and the speed of urban expansion, as well as between the concentration of cardiovascular drugs and the population density or nightlight index. Three fluorescent components (protein-like C1, terrestrial humic-like C2, protein tryptophan-like C3) were significantly positively correlated with the total concentration of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical pollution reshaped aquatic bacterial communities, based on the close correlation observed between pharmaceutical concentration and bacterial community structure. The results elucidate the potential dynamics of dissolved organic matter pool and aquatic bacterial communities in response to pharmaceutical pollution in urbanized bay ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yaoyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315800, China
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20
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Duarte C, Gravato C, Di Lorenzo T, Reboleira ASPS. Acetaminophen induced antioxidant and detoxification responses in a stygobitic crustacean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121749. [PMID: 37127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of veterinary and human medicinal products (VHMPs) are found in groundwater, an often-neglected habitat inhabited by species with unique traits, stygobitic species. It is crucial to understand the effect of VHMPs on stygobitic species because they may respond differently to stressors than surface species. Our hypothesis is that groundwater species may be more susceptible to environmental contaminants due to less plasticity in their detoxification response and acquisition of energy because subterranean habitats are more stable and isolated from anthropogenic activities. We performed a battery of biomarkers associated with important physiological functions on the stygobitic asellid crustacean Proasellus lusitanicus, after a 14-day exposure to acetaminophen, a commonly used pharmaceutical and pollutant of groundwaters. Our results show an decrease in total glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, suggesting a successful detoxification response. This helps explaining why acetaminophen did not cause oxidative damage, as well as had no effect cholinesterase activity nor in aerobic production of energy. This study shows the remarkable capacity of P. lusitanicus to tolerate sublethal concentrations of VHMP acetaminophen. Most ecotoxicological studies on stygobitic species focused on the lethal effects of these compound. The present study focus on consequences at sublethal concentrations. Future studies should assess the stress levels induced to better predict and estimate the impacts of contaminants on groundwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems of the National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Rodrigues P, Guimarães L, Carvalho AP, Oliva-Teles L. Carbamazepine, venlafaxine, tramadol, and their main metabolites: Toxicological effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130909. [PMID: 36860067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites are found in natural and wastewater. However, investigation of their toxic effects on aquatic animals has been neglected, especially for metabolites. This work investigated the effects of the main metabolites of carbamazepine, venlafaxine and tramadol. Zebrafish embryos were exposed (0.1-100 µg/L) for 168hpf exposures to each metabolite (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol) or the parental compound. A concentration-response relationship was found for the effects of some embryonic malformations. Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, O-desmethylvenlafaxine and tramadol elicited the highest malformation rates. All compounds significantly decreased larvae responses on a sensorimotor assay compared to controls. Altered expression was found for most of the 32 tested genes. In particular, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2a, nrf2, pparg and raraa were found to be affected by all three drug groups. For each group, the modelled expression patterns showed differences in expression between parental compounds and metabolites. Potential biomarkers of exposure were identified for the venlafaxine and carbamazepine groups. These results are worrying, indicating that such contamination in aquatic systems may put natural populations at significant risk. Furthermore, metabolites represent a real risk that needs more scrutinising by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A P Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Bellver-Domingo Á, Fuentes R, Hernández-Sancho F, Carmona E, Picó Y, Hernández-Chover V. MCDA-DEA approach to construct a composite indicator for effluents from WWTPs considering the influence of PPCPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47234-47247. [PMID: 36735130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering current water situation, reuse is an effective solution to meet water demand and reduce pressure on conventional water sources. However, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) decrease their quality and suitability. With the aim of identifying and monitoring both the influence of PPCPs and the suitability of effluents to be reused, this study proposes the development of a composite indicator (CI) related to PPCP presence in WWTPs, through the common weight multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Obtaining a CI for PPCPs is a novel approach in the published literature, showing a new perspective in PPCP management and their influence in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study proposes an improvement on MCDA-DEA model which maintains the initial hierarchy obtained for the units analyzed. The development of CI is based on information about the technological, environmental, social, and biological issues of WWTPs. Results show that 4 of the 33 WWTPs analysed had the best CI values, meaning that their effluents have lower environmental impact. The development of a CI related to PPCPs in WWTPs suggests that further steps are needed to manage the WWTP effluents. Hence, the need to implement preventive measures in WWTPs has been shown, even though the removal of PPCPs is not yet part of European law. This work highlights the importance of considering PPCPs as priority pollutants in wastewater management and reuse frameworks, to guarantee low environmental impact and adapt wastewater reuse based on a circular economy approach. HIGHLIGHTS: Emerging contaminants (PPCPs) are used as effluent quality indicators. A composite indicator for PPCPs performance has been developed through MCDA-DEA model. Indicator obtained allow decision makers implementing concrete actions to assess effluent quality. Results show the improvement capacity of the effluents quality through PPCPs removing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Bellver-Domingo
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesc Hernández-Sancho
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Carmona
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre, CIDE-GV-UV), University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés, S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr, 15 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre, CIDE-GV-UV), University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés, S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Hernández-Chover
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Environmentally Benign Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Drugs. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid rise in industrialization has led to the release of pharmaceutical pollutants into water bodies, rendering water inappropriate for consumption by humans and animals, challenging our efforts to achieve the clean water sustainable development goal. These pharmaceutical pollutants include antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antidepressants, etc., which are highly stable and persistent in water, in addition to being harmful to life. At times, the secondary pollutant that is formed after degradation is more potent than the parent drug. Conventional water purification methods cannot completely remove these pollutants. Hence, efficient and robust methods are required to degrade pharmaceutical waste. Photocatalytic degradation of drugs is deemed an efficient and effective method for environmental remediation, along with recovery of photocatalysts, which are important for recycling and sustainable use. Herein, we present the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and their application for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical waste as a preferred water treatment method. Additionally, green synthesis of photocatalytic nanomaterials offers the benefit of avoiding secondary pollution. The green synthesis of NPs is employed by using plant extracts that offer a number of metabolites as reducing agents or capping agents, as well as the use of microbes as green nanofactories to tackle the issue of water cleanliness with respect to pharmaceutical waste. Despite regulations concerning drug disposal, some underdeveloped countries do not enforce and practice these guidelines in letter and spirit. Hence, the current work presenting a promising water cleanliness method is expected to contribute to the assurance of strict policy compliance and enforcement, resulting in the resolution of the health concerns with respect to hazardous pharmaceutical waste disposal in water bodies.
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24
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Ngwenya N, Mahlambi P. Methods optimization and application: Solid phase extraction, Ultrasonic extraction and Soxhlet extraction for the determination of antiretroviral drugs in river water, wastewater, sludge, soil and sediment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 230:115358. [PMID: 37044007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous release of antiretroviral drugs into the environmental has resulted in the interest to assess their occurrence in various environmental matrices. Their presence has led to antiretroviral drugs being considered the pollutants of concern due to their possible alterations of the ecosystem as well as the antiviral resistance that may develop upon their unintentional consumption. Therefore, in this work, solid phase extraction (SPE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), Soxhlet extration (SE) and liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (LC-PDA) methods have been optimized and validated. They were then applied for the simultaneous determination of abacavir, nevirapine and efavirenz antiretroviral drugs in wastewater, river water, sludge, soil and sediments. The percentage recoveries ranged from 71% to 112% for SPE, 88 - 108% for SE and 61 - 104% for UE. Good precision with a relative standard deviation less than 20% in all compounds for all methods was obtained. The LODs and LOQs ranged between 0.68 and 0.77 µg/L and 2.1-2.4 µg/L for SPE; 0.8-0.9 µg/kg and 2.3-2.8 µg/kg for SE and 1.6-2.8 µg/kg and 4.9 - 7.0 µg/kg for UE, respectively. The concentrations ranged from <lod - 102 µg/L, <lod - 814 µg/L, and <lod - 6759 µg/L, <lod - 138 µg/g, <lod - 98.9 µg/g, in river water, wastewater, sludge, soil and sediment samples, respectively. Abacavir was dominant in water while efavirenz was dominant in soil/sediments. The results showed that SE is more sensitive and more accurate than UE, hence it can be recommended for routine analysis despite its longer extraction times. The percentage removal efficiency ranged from 44% to 87% for nevirapine, 6-53% for efavirenz, and 75-91% for abacavir which indicates that these compounds were not completely removed during the WWTP processes, hence they ended up in river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduduzo Ngwenya
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Precious Mahlambi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
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25
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Pápai M, Benedek T, Táncsics A, Bornemann TLV, Plewka J, Probst AJ, Hussein D, Maróti G, Menashe O, Kriszt B. Selective enrichment, identification, and isolation of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine degrading bacteria from a groundwater biofilm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44518-44535. [PMID: 36690856 PMCID: PMC10076411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine are three of the most widely detected and most concerning pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria that may be involved in their degradation from a bacterial biofilm. Selective enrichment cultures in mineral salt solution containing pharmaceutical compounds as sole source of carbon and energy were set up, and population dynamics were monitored using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Bacterial genomes were reconstructed using genome-resolved metagenomics. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained, identified at species level, and tested regarding pharmaceutical biodegradation at an initial concentration of 1.5 mg l-1. The results indicated that most probably diclofenac biodegrading cultures consisted of members of genera Ferrovibrio, Hydrocarboniphaga, Zavarzinia, and Sphingopyxis, while in ibuprofen biodegradation Nocardioides and Starkeya, and in carbamazepine biodegradation Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, and Sphingopyxis might be involved. During the enrichments, compared to the initial state the percentage relative abundance of these genera increased up to three orders of magnitude. Except Starkeya, the genomes of these bacteria were reconstructed and annotated. Metabolic analyses of the annotated genomes indicated that these bacteria harbored genes associated with pharmaceutical biodegradation. Stenotrophomonas humi DIC_5 and Rhizobium daejeonense IBU_18 isolates eliminated diclofenac and ibuprofen during the tests in the presence of either glucose (3 g l-1) or in R2A broth. Higher than 90% concentration reduction was observed in the case of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Pápai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tibor Benedek
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - András Táncsics
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Till L V Bornemann
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Plewka
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Daood Hussein
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Laboratories of Food Analysis, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, Hungary
- Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd, Vállalkozók 7, 6782, Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Ofir Menashe
- Water Industry Engineering Department, The Engineering Faculty, Kinneret Academic College On the Sea of Galilee, D.N. Emek Ha, 15132, Yarden, Israel
- BioCastle Water Technologies Ltd, Tzemah, Israel
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
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26
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Zhou T, Zhang Z, Liu H, Dong S, Nghiem LD, Gao L, Chaves AV, Zamyadi A, Li X, Wang Q. A review on microalgae-mediated biotechnology for removing pharmaceutical contaminants in aqueous environments: Occurrence, fate, and removal mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130213. [PMID: 36283219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments have been considered as emerging contaminants due to their potential risks to living organisms. Microalgae-based technology showed the feasibility of removing pharmaceutical contaminants. This review summarizes the occurrence, classification, possible emission sources, and environmental risk of frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous environments. The efficiency, mechanisms, and influencing factors for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds through microalgae-based technology are further discussed. Pharmaceutical compounds frequently detected in aqueous environments include antibiotics, hormones, analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cardiovascular agents, central nervous system drugs (CNS), antipsychotics, and antidepressants, with a concentration ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Microalgae-based technology majorly remove the pharmaceutical compounds through bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, photodegradation, and co-metabolism. This review identifies the opportunities and challenges for microalgae-based technology and proposed suggestions for future studies to tackle challenges. The findings of this review advance our understanding of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical contaminants in aqueous environments, highlighting the potential of microalgae-based technology for pharmaceutical contaminants removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shiman Dong
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Alex V Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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27
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Mishra S, Kumar P, Mehrotra I, Kumar M. Prevalence of organic micropollutants in the Yamuna River, Delhi, India: seasonal variations and governing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159684. [PMID: 36302441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work primarily emphases on evaluating the prevalence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the perennial Yamuna River (YR) that flow through the national capital of India, Delhi. Sixteen sampling campaigns (non-monsoon, n = 9; monsoon n = 7) were organized to understand the seasonal variations with special emphasis on monsoon. We have found fifty-five OMPs in the monsoon; while forty-seven were detected in non-monsoon. Fifty-seven screened and quantified OMPs in the most polluted stretch of River Yamuna included the pharmaceutically active compounds, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, phthalates, personal care products, fatty acids, food additives, hormones, and trace organics present in hospital wastes. During monsoon months, compounds for which concentrations exceeded 50 μg/L were: adenine (64.6 μg/L), diethyl phthalate (62.9 μg/L), and octamethyltrisiloxane (56.9 μg/L); and the same for non-monsoon months was only for 1-dodecanethiol (52.3 μg/L). The average concentration of OMPs in non-monsoon months indicate PhACs>PCPs>Pesticides>Fatty acids>Hospital waste>Hormones>Pesticides>EDCs. In monsoon months due to surface runoff and high volume of untreated wastewater discharges few more OMPs concentrations were detected which mainly includes PhACs (clofibric acid, diclofenac sodium, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen), pesticides (aldrin, metribuzin, atrazine, simazine). Due to dilution effect in the monsoon months, average concentrations of 3-acetamido-5-bromobenzoic acid (PhACs) was reduced from 45.22 μg/L to 14.07 μg/L, whereas some EDCs such as 2,4- Di-tert-amylphenol, 3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, Triphenylphosphine oxide, Benzophenone were found in much higher concentrations in the monsoon months. Octamethyltrisiloxane (PCPs) was detected 50 times higher in concentration in the monsoon months. Interestingly, the concentration of about 50 % of the OMPs was more in the monsoon samples than in non-monsoon samples which is contrary to the general understanding that monsoon-induced dilution lowers the concentrations of OMPs. In RY water higher magnitude of diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and clofibric acid was found than Europe and North America rivers. Hormones such as estriol and estrone in RY water are found 70 to 100 times higher than the maximum reported concentrations in the US streams. Finally, various OMPs responded differently to the monsoon season as evident from multivariate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Indu Mehrotra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Masrura SU, Abbas T, Jones-Lepp TL, Kaewlom P, Khan E. Combining environmental, health, and safety features with a conductor like Screening Model for selecting green solvents for antibiotic analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114962. [PMID: 36460072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and chromatographic techniques for analyzing pharmaceutically active compounds necessitate large quantities of organic solvents, resulting in a high volume of hazardous waste. The concept of green solvents focuses on protecting the environment by reducing or even eliminating the use of toxic solvents. The main objective of this critical review article is to build a framework for choosing green solvents for antibiotic analyses. The article briefly discusses the chemical properties of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, and the current state of methodologies for their analyses in water and wastewater. It evaluates the greenness of solvents used for antibiotic analyses and includes insights on the comparison between conventional and green solvents for the analyses. An economic and environmental health and safety analysis combined with a Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvent (COSMO-RS) molecular simulation technique for predicting extraction efficiency was used in the evaluation. Methyl acetate and propylene carbonate tied for the greenest solvents from an environmental and economic perspective, whereas the COSMO-RS approach suggests dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the most suitable candidate. Although DMSO ranked third environmentally and economically, after methyl acetate and propylene carbonate, it would be an ideal replacement of hazardous solvents if it could be manufactured at a lower cost. DMSO showed the highest extraction capacity, as it can interact with antibiotics through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. This article can be used as a green solvent selection guide for developing sustainable processes for antibiotic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda Ummeh Masrura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Tauqeer Abbas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tammy L Jones-Lepp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Puangrat Kaewlom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Navarro A, Sanseverino I, Cappelli F, Lahm A, Niegowska M, Fabbri M, Paracchini V, Petrillo M, Skejo H, Valsecchi S, Pedraccini R, Guglielmetti S, Frattini S, Villani G, Lettieri T. Study of antibiotic resistance in freshwater ecosystems with low anthropogenic impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159378. [PMID: 36272475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity and the background level of antibiotic resistance in two freshwater ecosystems with low anthropogenic impact in order to evaluate the presence of natural antimicrobial resistance in these areas and its potential to spread downstream. Water samples from a pre-Alpine and an Apennine river (Variola and Tiber, respectively) were collected in three different sampling campaigns and bacterial diversity was assessed by 16S sequencing, while the presence of bacteria resistant to five antibiotics was screened using a culturable approach. Overall bacterial load was higher in the Tiber River compared with the Variola River. Furthermore, the study revealed the presence of resistant bacteria, especially the Tiber River showed, for each sampling, the presence of resistance to all antibiotics tested, while for the Variola River, the detected resistance was variable, comprising two or more antibiotics. Screening of two resistance genes on a total of one hundred eighteen bacterial isolates from the two rivers showed that blaTEM, conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, was dominant and present in ~58 % of isolates compared to only ~9 % for mefA/E conferring resistance to macrolides. Moreover, β-lactam resistance was detected in various isolates showing also resistance to additional antibiotics such as macrolides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. These observations would suggest the presence of co-resistant bacteria even in non-anthropogenic environments and this resistance may spread from the environment to humans and/or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Navarro
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Isabella Sanseverino
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19, Brugherio 20861, MB, Italy
| | - Armin Lahm
- Bioinformatic project support, P.za S.M. Liberatrice 18, 00153 Roma, Italy
| | - Magdalena Niegowska
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbri
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Valentina Paracchini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | - Helle Skejo
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19, Brugherio 20861, MB, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gabriella Villani
- Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Alvarez-Mora I, Bolliet V, Lopez-Herguedas N, Castro L, Anakabe E, Monperrus M, Etxebarria N. Prioritization based on risk assessment to study the bioconcentration and biotransformation of pharmaceuticals in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) from the Adour estuary (Basque Country, France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:120016. [PMID: 36007789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment directly impacts water-living organisms and can alter their living functions. These compounds are often metabolized and excreted, but they can also be accumulated and spread through the food chain. The metabolized contaminants can also lead to the formation of new compounds with unknown toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. In this work, we have studied the occurrence, bioconcentration, and biotransformation of CECs in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) using UHPLC-HRMS. To select the target CECs, we first carried out an environmental risk assessment of the WWTP effluent that releases directly into the Adour estuary (Bayonne, Basque Country, France). The risk quotients of every detected contaminant were calculated and three ecotoxicologically relevant contaminants were chosen to perform the exposure experiment: propranolol, diazepam, and irbesartan. An experiment of 14 days consisting of 7 days of exposure and 7 days of depuration was carried out to measure the bioconcentration of the chosen compounds. The quantitative results of the concentrations in glass eel showed that diazepam and irbesartan reached BCF ≈10 on day 7, but both compounds were eliminated after 7 days of depuration. On the other hand, propranolol's concentration remains constant all along with the experiment, and its presence can be detected even in the non-exposed control group, which might suggest environmental contamination. Two additional suspect screening strategies were used to identify metabolization products of the target compounds and other xenobiotics already present in wild glass eels. Only one metabolite was identified, nordiazepam, a well-known diazepam metabolite, probably due to the low metabolic rate of glass eels at this stage. The xenobiotic screening confirmed the presence of more xenobiotics in wild glass eels, prominent among them, the pharmaceuticals exemestane, primidone, iloprost, and norethandrolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Leioa (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, 48620 Plentzia (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Valérie Bolliet
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, ECOBIOP, Aquapôle INRAE, MIRA, F64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Naroa Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Leioa (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, 48620 Plentzia (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Lyen Castro
- Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, 48620 Plentzia (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Leioa (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Anglet, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Leioa (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain; Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country, 48620 Plentzia (Biscay), Basque Country, Spain
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF, Jawad AH, Scholz M, Yaseen ZM. A Comprehensive Review for Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Attained from Wastewater Observations Using Carbon-Based Anodic Oxidation Process. TOXICS 2022; 10:598. [PMID: 36287878 PMCID: PMC9610849 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (concentration <µg/L) are globally acknowledged as hazardous emerging pollutants that pass via various routes in the environment and ultimately enter aquatic food chains. In this context, the article reviews the occurrence, transport, fate, and electrochemical removal of some selected NSAIDs (diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NPX)) using carbon-based anodes in the aquatic environment. However, no specific protocol has been developed to date, and various approaches have been adopted for the sampling and elimination processes of NSAIDs from wastewater samples. The mean concentration of selected NSAIDs from different countries varies considerably, ranging between 3992−27,061 µg/L (influent wastewater) and 1208−7943 µg/L (effluent wastewater). An assessment of NSAIDs removal efficiency across different treatment stages in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been performed. Overall, NSAIDs removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants has been reported to be around 4−89%, 8−100%, 16−100%, and 17−98% for DIC, KTP, NPX, and IBU, respectively. A microbiological reactor (MBR) has been proclaimed to be the most reliable treatment technique for NSAIDs removal (complete removal). Chlorination (81−95%) followed by conventional mechanical biological treatment (CMBT) (94−98%) treatment has been demonstrated to be the most efficient in removing NSAIDs. Further, the present review explains that the electrochemical oxidation process is an alternative process for the treatment of NSAIDs using a carbon-based anode. Different carbon-based carbon anodes have been searched for electrochemical removal of selected NSAIDs. However, boron-doped diamond and graphite have presented reliable applications for the complete removal of NSAIDs from wastewater samples or their aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah 51001, Iraq
| | - Ali H Jawad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Directorate of Engineering the Future, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford M5 4WT, Greater Manchester, UK
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
- Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Prospekt, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Tacão M, Laço J, Teixeira P, Henriques I. CTX-M-Producing Bacteria Isolated from a Highly Polluted River System in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911858. [PMID: 36231185 PMCID: PMC9565674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins are a great concern for public health, as these are first-line drugs to treat infections. The production of carbapenemases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or the overexpression of AmpC β-lactamases are the main mechanisms of resistance to these antibiotics. Among the ESBLs, CTX-M β-lactamases are the most prevalent worldwide. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae along a heavily polluted river and characterize blaCTX-M carriers. River water was collected in 11 sites along the main course and tributaries, in two sampling moments. Water quality was evaluated and a collection of cefotaxime-resistant isolates was obtained. blaCTX-M carriers were characterized regarding phylogenetic affiliation, clonality, antibiotic susceptibility, gene diversity, and context. Water presented very low quality in all sites. From 147 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, 46% carried blaCTX-M and were affiliated with Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. Molecular typing revealed clonal isolates in different sites and over the two years, suggesting survival of the strains in the river or continuous pollution inputs from the same sources. Eight variants of blaCTX-M were found, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most prevalent (52.5%). Sites with a lower water quality showed the highest resistance rates and prevalence of blaCTX-M, suggesting that river water may embody human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tacão
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Laço
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Teixeira
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Department of Life Sciences and CFE, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Chen Y, Wang J, Xu P, Xiang J, Xu D, Cheng P, Wang X, Wu L, Zhang N, Chen Z. Antidepressants as emerging contaminants: Occurrence in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters in Hangzhou, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:963257. [PMID: 36033732 PMCID: PMC9403794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.963257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Antidepressants have aroused wide public concern due to their widespread presence in water and their harm to human health and environment. This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to the presence of antidepressants in the surface water. Methods Data was evaluated by analyzing water samples collected from the influent, effluent, upstream and downstream of the WWTPs on the rivers of interest in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Besides, the study also assessed the impact of the release of antidepressants from WWTPs to the surface water on the drinking water. An automatic solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect antidepressants. Results The most abundant compound was venlafaxine, followed by citalopram, sertraline, and fluvoxamine with concentrations between 0.6 and 87 ng/L. Antidepressants showed maximum concentrations at the effluent outlets of the WWTPs, and greater concentrations were found downstream than upstream of the WWTPs in Qiantang River. The results of source water and finished water showed that the detection concentration was lower than the detection limit of the method. Conclusions The less impact of the release of antidepressants from WWTPs to the surface water on the drinking water was identified. Nevertheless, these compounds were hardly removed by wastewater treatment processes. Thus, their risks deserve close attention.
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Wang J, Zhang C, Xiong L, Song G, Liu F. Changes of antibiotic occurrence and hydrochemistry in groundwater under the influence of the South-to-North Water Diversion (the Hutuo River, China). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154779. [PMID: 35339547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotics in groundwater has significant spatial variability, owing to the complexity of pollutant properties, pollution sources and groundwater recharge and discharge conditions. This study aimed to identify the relationship between antibiotic occurrence and hydrochemistry in groundwater. Thus, we undertook this study in a characteristic alluvial-diluvial aquifer where groundwater receives unidirectional recharge from surface water. In total, 47 samples were collected from the Hutuo River before and after an artificial replenishment project. We screened up to four classes of antibiotics and detected 28 types. The statistical analysis of antibiotic concentrations, indicated that there were two pollution areas. Next, we discussed the results pertaining to the occurrence and source of antibiotics by comparing them with hydrochemical data. In the study area, a positive correlation has been found between inorganic compounds, as SO42- and Cl-, and the most mobile antibiotics given that both share the same source. This shows that a previous sound geochemical study may provide evidence of the extend of antibiotic occurrence, as in the Hutuo River aquifer. The relationship between antibiotics and hydrochemistry in groundwater is determined by recharge sources (rainwater and surface water contaminated with antibiotics). Antibiotics from wastewater treatment plants enter groundwater indirectly through surface water with high SO42- in lightly polluted areas, while in heavily polluted areas, there are high concentrations of inorganic components in garbage leachate and wastewater leakage that carry antibiotics directly into groundwater. In summarized, the relationship between antibiotics and hydrochemistry observed in this study shows that a previous sound geochemical study may provide evidence of the extend of antibiotic occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangdong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, PR China.
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Monitoring Duckweeds (Lemna minor) in Small Rivers Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery: Application of Vegetation and Water Indices to the Lis River (Portugal). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed species, particularly Lemna minor, are widely found in freshwaters all over the world. This macrophyte provides multiple ecosystems’ functions and services, but its excessive proliferation can have negative environmental impacts (including ecological and socio-economic impacts). This work explores the use of remote sensing tools for mapping the dynamics of Lemna minor in open watercourses, which could contribute to identifying suitable monitoring programs and integrated management practices. The study focuses on a selected section of the Lis River (Portugal), a small river that is often affected by water pollution. The study approach uses spatiotemporal multispectral data from the Sentinel-2 satellite and from 2021 and investigates the potential of remote sensing-based vegetation and water indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Normalized Difference Aquatic Vegetation Index (NDAVI), Green Red Vegetation Index (GRVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)) for detecting duckweeds’ infestation and its severity. The NDAVI was identified as the vegetation index (VI) that better depicted the presence of duckweeds in the surface of the water course; however, results obtained for the other VIs are also encouraging, with NDVI showing a response that is very similar to NDAVI. Results are promising regarding the ability of remote sensing products to provide insight into the behavior of Lemna minor and to identify problematic sections along small watercourses.
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Diaz-Camal N, Cardoso-Vera JD, Islas-Flores H, Gómez-Oliván LM, Mejía-García A. Consumption and ocurrence of antidepressants (SSRIs) in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, their environmental impact and innovative removal methods: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154656. [PMID: 35318057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are pharmaceuticals whose consumption has increased significantly. They are prescribed as first-line treatment in mental disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and anxiety; also, they are indicated as adjuvants in diseases such as fibromyalgia and bulimia nervosa. In addition to being linked to the illegal market to be consumed as recreational drugs. The relevance of this review lies in the fact that worldwide consumption has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the depression and anxiety that originated in the population. As a consequence of this increase in consumption, concentrations of SSRIs in the environment have increased, and these have become a relevant issue for toxicologists due to the effects that they could generate in different organisms, both aquatic and terrestrial. For this reason, the objective of this article was to do a critical evaluation of the existing data on the characteristics and physicochemical properties of SSRIs, consumption data during the COVID-19 pandemic, its occurrence in the environment and the reports of toxic effects that have been generated in different organisms; we also conclude with an updated review of different methods that have been used for their removal. With this analysis, it can be concluded that, despite SSRIs are pharmaceutical products widely studied since their launching to the market, still currently under investigation to clarify their mechanisms of action to understand the different effects on the organisms, adverse reactions, as well as possible toxicological effects on non-target organisms. On the other hand, it has been proven that although it is already possible to eliminate a significant percentage of SSRIs in the laboratory, due to their physicochemical characteristics and their behavior in complex mixtures in the environment, they have not yet been eradicated, showing a persistence in the soil, subsoil and surface waters of the entire planet that may represent a future risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidya Diaz-Camal
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mejía-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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Quesada HB, de Araújo TP, Cusioli LF, de Barros MASD, Gomes RG, Bergamasco R. CAFFEINE REMOVAL BY CHITOSAN/ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE BEADS: ADSORPTION IN TAP WATER AND SYNTHETIC HOSPITAL WASTEWATER. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Moreira DG, Aires A, de Lourdes Pereira M, Oliveira M. Levels and effects of antidepressant drugs to aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109322. [PMID: 35272041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of antidepressants has been increasing globally, resulting in their presence in the aquatic environment, mainly by municipal wastewaters. This fact has aroused concern in the scientific community since these biologically active compounds can affect non-target organisms that have physiological systems regulated by these pharmaceuticals. However, the current knowledge on the toxicological effects of antidepressants on aquatic ecosystems is limited. Considering the increasing consumption pattern, quantification studies and toxicity studies, the present work aimed to review the available literature, published in the last seven years, addressing levels of antidepressants and their metabolites in rivers, surface waters, tap water, and wastewater treatment plants, as well, the effects reported in fish and invertebrates. Overall, the available laboratory studies showed that antidepressants can act at different levels of biological organisation, with detrimental effects at the individual level (e.g., survival, growth, and morphology, behaviour, and reproduction). However, the effects of prolonged exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of these substances, a more realistic scenario, are unknown. Based on short-term studies, the long-term effects of pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations (alone and in the presence of other environmental contaminants) should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Aires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Fluoxetine and Nutrients Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Phycoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106081. [PMID: 35627618 PMCID: PMC9141300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tertiary treatment using microalgae offers an attractive alternative to the removal of low but relevant concentrations of pharmaceuticals from domestic wastewaters. The removal of fluoxetine from aqueous solutions by living and non-living (lyophilized) Chlorella vulgaris was assessed. The determination of the pH at the point of zero charge, Fourier transmittance infrared analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microalgae biomass. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were performed. The pseudo-second-order model described the kinetics of fluoxetine. The corresponding kinetic constants indicated that biosorption was faster onto non-living biomass than onto living biomass. The equilibrium results showed that the systems followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum capacity of living microalgae (1.9 ± 0.1 mg·g−1) was slightly higher than the non-living microalgae (1.6 ± 0.2 mg·g−1). Living Chlorella vulgaris, free and immobilized in calcium-alginate, were also used to remove fluoxetine and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from treated municipal wastewater in a batch system. In both experiments, fluoxetine was completely removed within six days. The total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies achieved for free and immobilized cells were, null and 65.0 ± 0.1%, and 86.2 ± 0.1% and 81.8 ± 3.1, respectively.
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From monitoring to treatment, how to improve water quality: The pharmaceuticals case. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Teixeira P, Tacão M, Henriques I. Occurrence and distribution of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and carbapenemase genes along a highly polluted hydrographic basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118958. [PMID: 35131334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We determined the distribution and temporal variation of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenemase-encoding genes and other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a highly polluted river (Lis River; Portugal), also assessing the potential influence of water quality to this distribution. Water samples were collected in two sampling campaigns performed one year apart (2018/2019) from fifteen sites and water quality was analyzed. CRE were isolated and characterized. The abundance of four ARGs (blaNDM, blaKPC, tetA, blaCTX-M), two Microbial Source Tracking (MST) indicators (HF183 and Pig-2-Bac) and the class 1 integrase gene (IntI1) was measured by qPCR. RESULTS: confirmed the poor quality of the Lis River water, particularly in sites near pig farms. A collection of 23 CRE was obtained: Klebsiella (n = 19), Enterobacter (n = 2) and Raoultella (n = 2). PFGE analysis revealed a clonal relationship between isolates obtained in different sampling years and sites. All CRE isolates exhibited multidrug resistance profiles. Klebsiella and Raoultella isolates carried blaKPC while Enterobacter harbored blaNDM. Conjugation experiments were successful for only four Klebsiella isolates. All ARGs were detected by qPCR on both sampling campaigns. An increase in ARGs and IntI1 abundances was detected in sites located downstream of wastewater treatment plants. Strong correlations were observed between blaCTX-M, IntI1 and the human-pollution marker HF183, and also between tetA and the pig-pollution marker Pig-2-bac, suggesting that both human- and animal-derived pollution in the Lis River are a potential source of ARGs. Plus, water quality parameters related to eutrophication and land use were significantly correlated with ARGs abundances. Our findings demonstrated that the Lis River encloses high levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria and ARGs, including CRE and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Overall, this study provides a better understanding on the impacts of water pollution resulting from human and animal activities on the resistome of natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Henriques
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
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Omuferen LO, Maseko B, Olowoyo JO. Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater from hospital and convectional wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the effluent receiving rivers: current knowledge between 2010 and 2019. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:306. [PMID: 35353241 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increased usage of antibiotics over the recent years has been of great concern all over the world. It is estimated that about 100,000 tons to 200,000 tons of antibiotics are being consumed worldwide. This increased consumption of antibiotics is worrisome as this has resulted in their detection in wastewater treatment plants' (WWTPs) effluent due to the inability of WWTP to remove them during treatment processes. The antibiotics may emanate from hospital effluents, surface waters, and sediments around the world. However, the migration of antibiotics to the environment is detrimental to public health since it can lead to antibiotics resistance in both humans and animals which has now been reported to be one of the biggest threats to public health in this twenty-first century. This present review work established from literature the presence, concentrations, and types of antibiotics both in influents and effluents of various waste treatment plants, natural water bodies, and hospital wastewaters from different countries over the past 10 years (2010-2019). A total of 78 published articles containing information on the presence of antibiotics in convectional and hospital wastewater and also in surface water were retrieved from scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. A total of 39 different types of antibiotics from 10 different classes of antibiotics and others were recorded. Among the articles reviewed, the most frequently detected antibiotics are the classes of sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole) which were present in almost all the WWTPs at concentrations as high as 10-800 ng/l in influent and 3600-68,700 ng/l in effluent samples. Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin), trimethoprim, quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), and tetracyclines (tetracycline) were also highly present in all treatment plants. β-Lactam antibiotics were seldom detected which might be due to hydrolysis. Most of the antibiotics present were recorded in Asian countries such as China and Singapore which have occurrence frequency of 6-30% and in European countries such as Greece and Spain with frequencies of about 6-10%. Future researches on the need for development of more reliable and cost-effective technologies for antibiotic removal such as advanced oxidation processes and remediation methods are suggested for more research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveth Oke Omuferen
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B Maseko
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - J O Olowoyo
- Department of Biology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kumari M, Kumar A. Environmental and human health risk assessment of mixture of Covid-19 treating pharmaceutical drugs in environmental waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152485. [PMID: 34942257 PMCID: PMC8686450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This study identified ecological and human health risks exposure of COVID-19 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in environmental waters. Environmental concentrations in aquatic species were predicted using surface water concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds. Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) in aquatic organisms (green algae, daphnia, and fish) was estimated using EC50/LC50 values of pharmaceutical compounds taken from USEPA ECOSAR database. PNEC for human health risks was calculated using the acceptable daily intake values of drugs. Ecological PNEC revealed comparatively high values in algae (Chronic toxicity PNEC values, high to low: ribavirin (2.65 × 105 μg/L) to ritonavir (2.3 × 10-1 μg/L)) than daphnia and fish. Risk quotient (RQ) analysis revealed that algae (Avg. = 2.81 × 104) appeared to be the most sensitive species to pharmaceutical drugs followed by daphnia (Avg.: 1.28 × 104) and fish (Avg.: 1.028 × 103). Amongst the COVID-19 metabolites, lopinavir metabolites posed major risk to aquatic species. Ritonavir (RQ = 6.55) is the major drug responsible for human health risk through consumption of food (in the form fish) grown in pharmaceutically contaminated waters. Mixture toxicity analysis of drugs revealed that algae are the most vulnerable species amongst the three trophic levels. Maximum allowable concentration level for mixture of pharmaceuticals was found to be 0.53 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minashree Kumari
- Environment Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Environment Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110017, India.
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Evaluation of the Biological Potential of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell Subcritical Water Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050746. [PMID: 35267379 PMCID: PMC8909621 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection is a need that remains unmet in treating chronic neurodegenerative disorders, despite decades of extensive research. To find new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray and of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell were obtained through subcritical water extraction applying a four-step temperature gradient. The fractions obtained were screened against brain enzymes involved in neurodegenerative etiology, namely in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, all contributing factors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Results showed no significant enzyme inhibition but strong radical scavenging activities, particularly in the fourth fraction, extracted at the highest temperature (250 °C), highlighting their ability to retard oxidative and nitrosative stresses. At higher temperatures, fractions were composed of phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, a combination that contributed to their antioxidant activity and, consequently, their neuroprotective properties. All fractions were evaluated for the presence of iodine, 14 organochlorine and 7 organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals used in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (14), psychiatric drugs (8), and metabolites (8). The fractions studied did not present any of the screened contaminants, and only fraction 1 of E. bicyclis should be used with caution due to iodine content.
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Silva ADM, Sousa J, Hultberg M, Figueiredo SA, Freitas OM, Delerue-Matos C. Fluoxetine Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using a Lignocellulosic Substrate Colonized by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052672. [PMID: 35270364 PMCID: PMC8910386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in both the design of new wastewater treatment plants and the expansion and improvement of existing ones is the removal of emerging pollutants. Therefore, the search for economic and sustainable treatments is needed to enhance the removal of pharmaceuticals. The potential of a lignocellulosic substrate colonized by Pleurotus ostreatus, a waste from mushroom production, to remove fluoxetine from aqueous solutions was studied. Batch assays were performed to remove 600 µg∙L−1 fluoxetine from aqueous solutions using the colonized mushroom substrate (CMS) and crude enzyme extracts. The removal efficiencies achieved were, respectively, ≥83.1% and 19.6% in 10 min. Batch assays with sterilized CMS and 1-aminobenzotriazole (to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes) showed that the higher removal efficiencies achieved in the CMS assays may be attributed to the synergistic contribution of biosorption onto the CMS and lignin modifying enzymes activity, namely laccase activity. A column assay was performed with the CMS, fed with 750 µg∙L−1 fluoxetine aqueous solution. The removal efficiency was 100% during 30 min, decreasing to a final value of 70% after 8 h of operation. The results suggested that CMS can be a promising eco-friendly alternative to remove fluoxetine from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia D. M. Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.D.M.S.); (J.S.); (S.A.F.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Juliana Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.D.M.S.); (J.S.); (S.A.F.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Malin Hultberg
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, 230 53 Skara, Sweden;
| | - Sónia A. Figueiredo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.D.M.S.); (J.S.); (S.A.F.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Olga M. Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.D.M.S.); (J.S.); (S.A.F.); (C.D.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.D.M.S.); (J.S.); (S.A.F.); (C.D.-M.)
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Caban M, Smolarz K, Świeżak J. Presence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in wild-living aquatic organisms - Current state of knowledge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127350. [PMID: 34607031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades an increasing number of studies has been published concerning contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals. Yet, the distribution of these chemical compounds in aquatic environments raises many questions and uncertainties. Data on the presence of selected pharmaceuticals in the same water bodies varies significantly between different studies. Therefore, since early 1990 s, wild organisms have been used in research on environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals. Indeed, pharmaceutical levels measured in biological matrices may better reflect their overall presence in the aquatic environments as such levels include not only direct exposure of a given organisms to a specific pollutant but also processes such as bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In the present paper, data concerning occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic biota was reviewed. So far, pharmaceuticals have been studied mainly in fish and molluscs, with only a few papers available on crustaceans and macroalgae. The most commonly found pharmaceuticals both in freshwater and marine organisms are antibiotics, antidepressants and NSAIDS while there is no information about the presence of anticancer drugs in aquatic organisms. Furthermore, only single studies were conducted in Africa and Australia. Hence, systematization of up-to-date knowledge, the main aim of this review, is needed for further research targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Justyna Świeżak
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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Acetaminophen removal by calcium alginate/activated hydrochar composite beads: Batch and fixed-bed studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:553-562. [PMID: 35120934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of acetaminophen in surface water has been reported worldwide, indicating the need of alternative wastewater treatments. Activated hydrochar (AHC) is efficient for pharmaceuticals removal. Powdered AHC presents challenges that hamper its expansion. However, these issues can be overcome by adding polymers, such as alginate, in composite beads. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and characterize alginate/brewer's spent grain AHC beads, applying them to acetaminophen adsorption in batch and fixed-bed experiments. The adsorbent presented a high surface area (533.42 m2 g-1) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that alginate assigned new functional groups to the composite. Batch studies revealed an endothermic behavior and maximum adsorption capacity of 165.94 mg g-1, with an equilibrium time of 240 min. The fixed-bed maximum adsorption capacity was 127.01 mg g-1, with a mass transfer zone of 5.89 cm. The importance of alginate for the adsorbent development has been successfully proven.
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50
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Goswami P, Guruge KS, Tanoue R, Tamamura YA, Jinadasa KBSN, Nomiyama K, Kunisue T, Tanabe S. Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds and Potential Ecological Risks in Wastewater from Hospitals and Receiving Waters in Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:298-311. [PMID: 34529856 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PACs) in the environment and their associated hazards is a major global health concern; however, data on these compounds are scarce in developing nations. In the present study, the existence of 39 non-antimicrobial PACs and six of their metabolites in wastewater from hospitals and adjacent surface waters in Sri Lanka was investigated from 2016 to 2018. The highest amounts of the measured chemicals, including the highest concentrations of atorvastatin (14,620 ng/L) and two metabolites, mefenamic acid (12,120 ng/L) and o-desmethyl tramadol (8700 ng/L), were detected in wastewater from the largest facility. Mefenamic acid, gemfibrozil, losartan, cetirizine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin were detected in all the samples. The removal rates in wastewater treatment were 100% for zolpidem, norsertaline, quetiapine, chlorpromazine, and alprazolam. There was substantial variation in removal rates of PACs among facilities, and the overall data suggest that treatment processes in facilities were ineffective and that some PAC concentrations in the effluents were increased. The estimated risk quotients revealed that 14 PACs detected in water samples could pose low to high ecological risk to various aquatic organisms. Compounds such as ibuprofen, tramadol, and chlorpromazine detected in untreated and treated wastewater at these facilities pose a high risk to several aquatic organisms. Our study provides novel monitoring data for non-antimicrobial PAC abundance and the associated potential ecological risk related to hospitals and urban surface waters in Sri Lanka and further offers valuable information on pre-COVID-19 era PAC distribution in the country. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:298-311. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Goswami
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Dollygunj, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Keerthi S Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yukino A Tamamura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K B S N Jinadasa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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