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Tokumura M, Miyazaki J, Hossain M, Hossain A, Raknuzzaman M, Wang Q, Miyake Y, Amagai T, Masunaga S, Islam S, Islam MR, Makino M. Evaluation of the potentials of rice varieties and water management practices for reducing human health risks associated with polluted river water irrigated rice in Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171244. [PMID: 38402978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of arsenic and trace-metal-contaminated rice is a human health concern worldwide, particularly in Bangladesh. In this study, the effects of rice varieties and water management practices on the concentrations of arsenic and trace metals in rice grains were investigated to reduce human health risks related to rice consumption. In addition, the performance of risk reduction using the optimum combination of rice variety and water management practices was quantitatively assessed using Monte Carlo simulation, in which non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk distributions under the status quo and the optimum combination were compared. The experimental results revealed that Dular and BRRI dhan45 (rice varieties) cultivated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) conditions showed the lowest hazard quotient (HQ) values for copper, cadmium, and arsenic and the lowest target cancer risk (TR) for arsenic. In Dular and BRRI dhan45 (AWD and CF) varieties, the proportion of the population for which HQs exceeded 1.0 (the reference value) tended to decrease (except for arsenic), compared with populations for which the rice varieties and water management practices were not specified. These results suggest that the use of optimum combinations of rice varieties and water management practices could reduce non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with arsenic and trace metals uptake via rice grain consumption by the Bangladeshi people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Miyazaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mahmud Hossain
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Hossain
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyake
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Amagai
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Masakazu Makino
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Wei B, Yin S, Yu J, Yang L, Wen Q, Wang T, Yuan X. Monthly variations of groundwater arsenic risk under future climate scenarios in 2081-2100. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:122230-122244. [PMID: 37966647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variations of shallow groundwater arsenic have been widely documented. To gain insight into the monthly variations and mechanisms behind high groundwater arsenic and arsenic exposure risk in different climate scenarios, the monthly probability of high groundwater arsenic in Hetao Basin was simulated through random forest model. The model was based on arsenic concentrations obtained from 566 groundwater sample sites, and the variables considered included soil properties, climate, topography, and landform parameters. The results revealed that spatial patterns of high groundwater arsenic showed some fluctuations among months under different future climate scenarios. The probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic was found to be elevated at the start of the rainy season, only to rapidly decrease with increasing precipitation and temperature. The probability then increased again after the rainy season. The areas with an increased probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk under SSP126 were typically found in the high-arsenic areas of 2019, while those with decreased probabilities were observed in low-arsenic areas. Under SSP585, which involves a significant increase in precipitation and temperature, the probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk was widely reduced. However, the probability of high total arsenic and trivalent arsenic and arsenic exposure risk was mainly observed in low-arsenic areas from SSP126 to SSP585. In conclusion, the consumption of groundwater for human and livestock drinking remains a threat to human health due to high arsenic exposure under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangping Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiqian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Mlangeni AT. Methylation of arsenic in rice: Mechanisms, factors, and mitigation strategies. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:295-306. [PMID: 37789952 PMCID: PMC10543780 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in rice poses a significant health risk to rice consumers across the globe. This review examines the impact of water source and type on the speciation and methylation of arsenic in rice. The review highlights that groundwater used for irrigation in arsenic-affected regions can lead to higher total arsenic content in rice grains and lower proportions of methylated arsenic species. The methylation of As in rice is influenced by microbial activity in groundwater, which can methylate arsenic that is taken up by rice plants. Reclaimed water irrigation can also increase the risk of arsenic accumulation in rice crops, although the use of organic amendments and proper water management practices can reduce arsenic accumulation. Different water management regimes, such as continuous flooding irrigation, alternate wetting and drying, aerobic rice cultivation, and subsurface drip irrigation, can affect the speciation and methylation of As in rice. Continuous flooding irrigation reduces methylation of As due to anaerobic conditions, while alternate wetting and drying and aerobic rice cultivation promote methylation by creating aerobic conditions that stimulate the activity of arsenic-methylating microorganisms. Subsurface drip irrigation reduces total arsenic content in rice grains and increases the proportion of less toxic methylated arsenic species. The review also discusses the complex mechanisms of As-methylation and transport in rice, emphasizing the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop strategies for reducing arsenic uptake in rice plants and mitigating health risks. The review addresses the impact of water source and type on arsenic speciation and methylation in rice and highlights the need for proper water management and treatment measures to ensure the safety of the food supply as well as aiding future research and policies to reduce health risks from rice consumption. The critical information gaps that this review addresses include the specific effects of different water management regimes on As-methylation, the role of microbial communities in groundwater in As-methylation, and the potential risks associated with the use of reclaimed water for irrigation.
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Hosen MM, Alam MNE, Tonni FS, Khan SR, Maksud MA, Lutfa LN, Ullah AKMA, Begum R, Nahar Q, Quraishi SB. Exploration of Toxic and Essential Metals in Popular Rice Grains of Bangladesh and Associated Human Health Risk Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03962-z. [PMID: 37989930 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the benefits as well as the impacts of essential and toxic metals regarding human health, the six common rice grains (katarivhog, bashful, banglamoti, najirshail, branded miniket and loose miniket) were collected from four wholesale markets in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, and were analyzed with different atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The mean concentrations of the toxic metals Pb, Cd, Cr, and As had 0.299 ± 0.017, 0.157 ± 0.012, 1.33 ± 0.084, and 0.120 ± 0.006 mg/kg, respectively, while those of the essential metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca, and Mg had 7.90 ± 0.447, 3.11 ± 0.097, 10.6 ± 0.340, 37.4 ± 0.622, 90.1 ± 7.70, and 115.8 ± 1.61 mg/kg, respectively. Among them, the mean concentrations of toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) exceeded the maximum allowable concentration in rice set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Risk assessment of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, and Zn showed that their estimated daily intakes were below the daily reference doses for adults. However, Cd and Cr individually were found to have the target hazard quotient value close to 1 (threshold limit), indicating that they alone are capable of potential health hazards from continuous rice consumption, while the hazard index has surpassed three units signifying greater danger associated with the current trend of consumption. A very high chance of developing cancer in the near future is predicted by incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) analysis for continued intake of Cr (ILCR > 1E-03), and a moderate to high risk is predicted for other carcinogenic substances (Pb, Cd, and As) (ILCR in between 1E-03 and 1E-05) with present rice consumption. The contribution of the essential metals to the RNI revealed that Cu from rice contributes more than 100% in most samples, and the overall contribution is in the following order: Cu > Zn > Fe > Mg > Ca > Na. To ensure the safety of staple foods for human health, it ought to be necessary to design a plan to measure the budget of hazardous metals from all sources with proper surveillance by relevant authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mozammal Hosen
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Nur E Alam
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - F S Tonni
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of Dhaka (DU), Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - S R Khan
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M A Maksud
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - L N Lutfa
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Atique Ullah
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rehena Begum
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of Dhaka (DU), Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Quamrun Nahar
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes (BIRDEM), Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shamshad B Quraishi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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Navaretnam R, Hassan HN, Isa NM, Aris AZ, Looi LJ. Metal(loid) Analysis of Commercial Rice from Malaysia using ICP-MS: Potential Health Risk Evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:87695-87720. [PMID: 37423935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a predominant staple food in many countries. It is a great source of energy but can also accumulate toxic and trace metal(loid)s from the environment and pose serious health hazards to consumers if overdosed. This study aims to determine the concentration of toxic metal(loid)s [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni)] and essential metal(loid)s [iron (Fe), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co)] in various types of commercially available rice (basmati, glutinous, brown, local whites, and fragrant rice) in Malaysia, and to assess the potential human health risk. Rice samples were digested following the USEPA 3050B acid digestion method and the concentrations of metal(loid)s were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean concentrations (mg/kg as dry weight) of metal(loid)s (n=45) across all rice types were found in the order of Fe (41.37)>Cu (6.51)>Cr (1.91)>Ni (0.38)>As (0.35)>Se (0.07)>Cd (0.03)>Co (0.02). Thirty-three percent and none of the rice samples surpassed, respectively, the FAO/WHO recommended limits of As and Cd. This study revealed that rice could be a primary exposure pathway to toxic metal(loid)s, leading to either noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic health problems. The non-carcinogenic health risk was mainly associated with As which contributed 63% to the hazard index followed by Cr (34%), Cd (2%), and Ni (1%). The carcinogenic risk to adults was high (>10-4) for As, Cr, Cd, and Ni. The cancer risk (CR) for each element was 5 to 8 times higher than the upper limit of cancer risk for an environmental carcinogen (<10-4). The findings from this study could provide the metal(loid)s pollution status of various types of rice which are beneficial to relevant authorities in addressing food safety and security-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneesha Navaretnam
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadirah Nasuha Hassan
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorain Mohd Isa
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ley Juen Looi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Mlangeni AT, Chinthenga E, Kapito NJ, Namaumbo S, Feldmann J, Raab A. Safety of African grown rice: Comparative review of As, Cd, and Pb contamination in African rice and paddy fields. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18314. [PMID: 37519744 PMCID: PMC10375803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to investigate the reported concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in rice cultivated in Africa and African rice paddies compared to other regions. It also aimed to explore the factors influencing these concentrations and evaluate the associated health risks of elevated As, Cd, and Pb exposure. Relevant data were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords related to arsenic, cadmium, lead, rice, Africa, paddy, and grain. While the number of studies reporting the concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in rice and rice paddies in Africa is relatively low compared to other regions, this review revealed that most of the African rice and paddy soils have low concentrations of these metals. However, some studies have reported elevated concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in paddy fields, which is concerning due to the increased use of agrochemicals containing heavy metals in rice production. Nonetheless, agronomical interventions such as implementing alternate wetting and drying water management, cultivating cultivars with low accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb, amending rice fields with sorbents, and screening irrigation water can limit the bioaccumulation of these carcinogens in paddy fields using phytoremediation techniques. Therefore, we strongly urge African governments and organizations operating in Africa to enhance the capacity of rice farmers and extension officers in adopting approaches and practices that reduce the accumulation of these carcinogenic metals in rice. This is essential to achieve the sustainable development goal of providing safe food for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angstone Thembachako Mlangeni
- Department of Land and Water Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Evans Chinthenga
- Department of Land and Water Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Noel Jabesi Kapito
- Department of Land and Water Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sydney Namaumbo
- Department of Land and Water Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Raab
- TESLA Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
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Joardar M, Mukherjee P, Das A, Mridha D, De A, Chowdhury NR, Majumder S, Ghosh S, Das J, Alam MR, Rahman MM, Roychowdhury T. Different levels of arsenic exposure through cooked rice and its associated benefit-risk assessment from rural and urban populations of West Bengal, India: a probabilistic approach with sensitivity analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27249-x. [PMID: 37156951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice arsenic (As) contamination and its consumption poses a significant health threat to humans. The present study focuses on the contribution of arsenic, micronutrients, and associated benefit-risk assessment through cooked rice from rural (exposed and control) and urban (apparently control) populations. The mean decreased percentages of As from uncooked to cooked rice for exposed (Gaighata), apparently control (Kolkata), and control (Pingla) areas are 73.8, 78.5, and 61.3%, respectively. The margin of exposure through cooked rice (MoEcooked rice) < 1 signifies the existence of health risk for all the studied exposed and control age groups. The respective contributions of iAs (inorganic arsenic) in uncooked and cooked rice are nearly 96.6, 94.7, and 100% and 92.2, 90.2, and 94.2% from exposed, apparently control, and control areas. LCR analysis for the exposed, apparently control, and control populations (adult male: 2.1 × 10-3, 2.8 × 10-4, 4.7 × 10-4; adult female: 1.9 × 10-3, 2.1 × 10-4, 4.4 × 10-4; and children: 5.8 × 10-4, 4.9 × 10-5, 1.1 × 10-4) through cooked rice is higher than the recommended value, i.e., 1 × 10-6, respectively, whereas HQ > 1 has been observed for all age groups from the exposed area and adult male group from the control area. Adults and children from rural area showed that ingestion rate (IR) and concentration are the respective influencing factors towards cooked rice As, whereas IR is solely responsible for all age groups from urban area. A vital suggestion is to reduce the IR of cooked rice for control population to avoid the As-induced health risks. The average intake (μg/day) of micronutrients is in the order of Zn > Se for all the studied populations and Se intake is lower for the exposed population (53.9) compared to the apparently control (140) and control (208) populations. Benefit-risk assessment supported that the Se-rich values in cooked rice are effective in avoiding the toxic effect and potential risk from the associated metal (As).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Deepanjan Mridha
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ayan De
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Sharmistha Majumder
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swetanjana Ghosh
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jagyashila Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - Md Rushna Alam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Ivy N, Mukherjee T, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh A, Sharma P. Arsenic contamination in groundwater and food chain with mitigation options in Bengal delta with special reference to Bangladesh. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:1261-1287. [PMID: 35841495 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh, situated in Bengal delta, is one of the worst affected countries by arsenic contamination in groundwater. Most of the people in the country are dependent on groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. Currently, 61 districts out of 64 districts of Bangladesh are affected by arsenic contamination. Drinking arsenic contaminated groundwater is the main pathway of arsenic exposure in the population. Additionally, the use of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for irrigation purpose in crop fields in Bangladesh has elevated arsenic concentration in surface soil and in the plants. In many arsenic-affected countries, including Bangladesh, rice is reported to be one of the significant sources of arsenic contamination. This review discussed scenario of groundwater arsenic contamination and transmission of arsenic through food chain in Bangladesh. The study further highlighted the human health perspectives of arsenic exposure in Bangladesh with possible mitigation and remediation options employed in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Ivy
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | | | - Sayan Bhattacharya
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India.
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Das S, Ghosh A, Powell MA, Banik P. Meta-analyses of arsenic accumulation in Indica and Japonica rice grains. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:58827-58840. [PMID: 36997784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a worldwide concern because of its toxic effects on crop yield and prevalence in the food chain. Rice is consumed by half of the world's population and is known to accumulate As. The present study reviews the available literatures on As accumulation in different subspecies of rice grains (indica, japonica and aromatic) and performs meta-analyses for grain size and texture; these data include 120 studies conducted over the last 15 years across different parts of the world. Aromatic rice varieties accumulate less As with its 95% confidence interval (CI) being 73.90 - 80.94 μg kg-1 which is significantly lower than the As accumulation by either indica or japonica rice varieties with their overall 95% CI being 135.48 - 147.78 μg kg-1 and 204.71 - 212.25 μg kg-1, respectively. Japonica rice varieties accumulate higher As than indica rice grains and within each subspecies polished and/or shorter rice grains accumulated significantly lower As compared to larger and/or unpolished grains; 95% CIs for the polished indica and japonica rice varieties are seen to be 96.33 - 111.11 μg kg-1 and 203.34 - 211.09 μg kg-1, respectively, whereas the same for unpolished varieties are seen to be 215.99 - 238.18 μg kg-1 and 215.27 - 248.63 μg kg-1, respectively. This shows that rice-based As bioaccumulation in humans could be lowered by increased use of aromatic or polished indica rice varieties, followed by the cultivation of shorter polished grains of japonica rice. These findings will be important to inform policy on rice cultivation and dietary uptake of As for a large portion of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Michael A Powell
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences (ALES), University of Alberta, Edmonton, CA, Canada
| | - Pabitra Banik
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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Sarkar MIU, Shahriar S, Naidu R, Rahman MM. Concentrations of potentially toxic and essential trace elements in marketed rice of Bangladesh: exposure and health risks. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shahriar S, Paul AK, Rahman MM. Removal of Toxic and Essential Nutrient Elements from Commercial Rice Brands Using Different Washing and Cooking Practices: Human Health Risk Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2582. [PMID: 35270275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the influence of different cooking procedures on the removal of toxic elements (TEs) including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) along with other nutrient elements from different commercially available rice brands sold in Bangladeshi markets. We observed 33%, 35%, and 27% average removal of As, Cd, and Pb accordingly from rice when cooked with a rice to water ratio of 1:6 after washing 5 times. We also found a significant reduction in essential elements: Zn (17%), Cu (10%), Mn (22%), Se (49%), and Mo (22%), when rice cooking was performed as in traditional practice. Daily dietary intakes were found to be between 0.36 and 1.67 µg/kgbw for As, 0.06 and 1.15 µg/kgbw for Cd, and 0.04 and 0.17 µg/kgbw for Pb when rice was cooked by the rice cooker method (rice:water 1:2), while in the traditional method (rice:water 1:6) daily intake rates ranged from 0.23 to 1.3 µg/kgbw for As, 0.04 to 0.88 µg/kgbw for Cd, and 0.03 to 0.15 µg/kgbw for Pb for adults. The HQ and ILCR for As, Cd, and Pb revealed that there is a possibility of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for As but no appreciable risk for Cd and Pb from consumption of rice.
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Sarker A, Kim JE, Islam ARMT, Bilal M, Rakib MRJ, Nandi R, Rahman MM, Islam T. Heavy metals contamination and associated health risks in food webs-a review focuses on food safety and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:3230-3245. [PMID: 34739668 PMCID: PMC8569293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals occur naturally in very small amounts in living organisms, but exposure to their higher concentrations is hazardous. Heavy metals at hazardous levels are commonly found in foodstuffs of Bangladesh, mainly due to the lack of safety guidelines and poor management of industrial effluents. Several lines of evidence suggest that the level of heavy metals in foodstuffs of Bangladesh is higher than the acceptable limits set by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization. Literature survey revealed that the sources and transport pathways of heavy metals in the ecosystem and the abundance of heavy metals in the food products of Bangladesh are potential threats to food safety. However, an extensive assessment of the toxicity of heavy metals in food webs is lacking. Although widespread heavy metal contamination in various foodstuffs and environmental matrices have been summarized in some reports, a critical evaluation regarding multi-trophic transfer and the health risk of heavy metal exposure through food chain toxicity in Bangladesh has not been performed. This systematic review critically discussed heavy metal contamination, exposure toxicity, research gaps, existing legislation, and sustainable remediation strategies to enhance Bangladesh's food safety. In particular, this study for the first time explored the potential multi-trophic transfer of heavy metals via food webs in Bangladesh. Furthermore, we recommended a conceptual policy framework to combat heavy metal contaminations in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sarker
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Soil Science, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh (EBAUB), Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Rakhi Nandi
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
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Moulick D, Samanta S, Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Pattnaik BK, Saha S, Awasthi JP, Bhowmick S, Ghosh D, Samal AC, Mahanta S, Mazumder MK, Choudhury S, Bramhachari K, Biswas JK, Santra SC. Arsenic contamination, impact and mitigation strategies in rice agro-environment: An inclusive insight. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149477. [PMID: 34426348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and its adverse consequences on rice agroecosystem are well known. Rice has the credit to feed more than 50% of the world population but concurrently, rice accumulates a substantial amount of As, thereby compromising food security. The gravity of the situation lays in the fact that the population in theAs uncontaminated areas may be accidentally exposed to toxic levels of As from rice consumption. In this review, we are trying to summarize the documents on the impact of As contamination and phytotoxicity in past two decades. The unique feature of this attempt is wide spectrum coverages of topics, and that makes it truly an interdisciplinary review. Aprat from the behaviour of As in rice field soil, we have documented the cellular and molecular response of rice plant upon exposure to As. The potential of various mitigation strategies with particular emphasis on using biochar, seed priming technology, irrigation management, transgenic variety development and other agronomic methods have been critically explored. The review attempts to give a comprehensive and multidiciplinary insight into the behaviour of As in Paddy -Water - Soil - Plate prospective from molecular to post-harvest phase. From the comprehensive literature review, we may conclude that considerable emphasis on rice grain, nutritional and anti-nutritional components, and grain quality traits under arsenic stress condition is yet to be given. Besides these, some emerging mitigation options like seed priming technology, adoption of nanotechnological strategies, applications of biochar should be fortified in large scale without interfering with the proper use of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Suman Samanta
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arkabanee Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
| | - Binaya Kumar Pattnaik
- Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Saikat Saha
- Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia 741234, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Department of Botany, Government College Lamta, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh 481551, India.
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Alok Chandra Samal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subrata Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India.
| | | | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Koushik Bramhachari
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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14
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Biswas B, Chakraborty A, Chatterjee D, Pramanik S, Ganguli B, Majumdar KK, Nriagu J, Kulkarni KY, Bansiwal A, Labhasetwar P, Bhowmick S. Arsenic exposure from drinking water and staple food (rice): A field scale study in rural Bengal for assessment of human health risk. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 228:113012. [PMID: 34837872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known carcinogen with emerging reports showing a range of health outcomes even for low to moderate levels of exposure. This study deals with arsenic exposure and associated increased lifetime cancer risk for populations in arsenic-endemic regions of rural Bengal, where arsenic-safe drinking water is being supplied at present. We found a median total exposure of inorganic arsenic to be 2. 9 μg/Kg BW/day (5th and 95th percentiles were 1.1 μg/Kg BW/day and 7.9 μg/Kg BW/day); with major contribution from cooked rice intake (2.4 µg/Kg BW/day). A significant number of households drank arsenic safe water but used arsenic-rich water for rice cooking. As a result, 67% participants had inorganic arsenic intake above the JEFCA threshold value of 3 μg/Kg BW/day for cancer risk from only rice consumption when arsenic contaminated water was used for cooking (median: 3.5 μg/Kg BW/day) compared to 29% participants that relied on arsenic-free cooking water (median: 1.0 µg/kg BW/day). Arsenic in urine samples of study participants ranged from 31.7 to 520 µg/L and was significantly associated with the arsenic intake (r = 0.76); confirming the preponderance of arsenic exposure from cooked rice. The median arsenic attributable cancer risks from drinking water and cooked rice were estimated to be 2.4 × 10-5 and 2.7 × 10-4 respectively, which further emphasized the importance of arsenic exposure from staple diet. Our results show that any mitigation strategy should include both drinking water and local staple foods in order to minimize the potential health risks of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratisha Biswas
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Debashis Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Bhaswati Ganguli
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, 35 Bullygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 019, India
| | - Kunal Kanti Majumdar
- Department of Community Medicine, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Ketki Y Kulkarni
- Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility (SAEF), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility (SAEF), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pawan Labhasetwar
- Water Technology & Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Mlangeni AT, Lancaster ST, Raab A, Krupp EM, Norton GJ, Feldmann J. Higher zero valent iron soil amendments dosages markedly inhibit accumulation of As in Faya and Kilombero cultivars compared to Cd. Sci Total Environ 2021; 794:148735. [PMID: 34323768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Impact of zero valent iron (Fe°) amendment on grain-yield (GY) and grain-As and Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Kilombero and Faya were investigated. Rice plants were amended with Fe° dosages of 0, 3.1, 6.2, and 12.4 g Fe°/kg soil in pots in greenhouse experiments under continuous flooding water regime. GY in each treatment was determined at maturity, grain-As and Cd and arsenic species concentrations were determined using ICP-MS and HPLC tandem ICP-MS respectively. Mean GY in Faya (5.5 ± 1.0 g/plant) and Kilombero (4.2 ± 0.4 g/plant) amended with at least 6.2 g Fe°/kg soil were at least 57% and 22% respectively significantly higher (F = 11; p = 0.003) than that in controls (3.7 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 0.4 g/plant). For As bioaccumulation, mean grain-As concentration in Faya T2 (≤227 ± 32 μg/kg) and Kilombero (≤218 ± 25 μg/kg) amended with at least 6.2 g Fe°/kg soil in were at least 83% and 77% respectively significantly lower (F = 7; p = 0.004) than that in controls (973 ± 43 μg/kg and 1278 ± 208 μg/kg). Mean grain-Cd concentrations in Faya (10 ± 2 μg/kg) and Kilombero (13 ± 3 μg/kg) amended with corresponding Fe° dosages were at least 26% and 39% significantly lower (F = 4; p < 0.05) than that in controls (18 ± 3 and 23 ± 1 μg/kg). Results indicated that amending Kilombero with at least 6.2 g/kg Fe° effectively optimally regulated both grain-As and Cd accumulation to values lower than the European Commission's legislated maximum contaminant limits (MCL) of 200 μg/kg without negating grain yield benefits. Our results suggest that bioaccumulation of both As and Cd in rice grains may be completely circumvented by adopting cultivar-specific Fe° amendment dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angstone Thembachako Mlangeni
- Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi; Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Shaun T Lancaster
- P S Analytical, Orpington, Kent, United Kingdom; Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Raab
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Krupp
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Norton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen (TESLA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Jahan I, Abedin MA, Islam MR, Hossain M, Hoque TS, Quadir QF, Hossain MI, Gaber A, Althobaiti YS, Rahman MM. Translocation of Soil Arsenic towards Accumulation in Rice: Magnitude of Water Management to Minimize Health Risk. Water 2021; 13:2816. [DOI: 10.3390/w13202816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the risk of arsenic (As) contamination in soil and rice is well documented across the globe. In Bangladesh, drinking water and rice are two major exposure pathways of As to humans. Therefore, the efficiency of recent technologies to reduce rice As and associated human health risks still need to be deeply investigated. In this direction, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the impact of soil As and agronomic irrigation management on rice (cv. BRRI dhan28) growth, yield, As accumulation, and finally, health risks to humans from consuming rice. Treatment combinations were made with three levels of As (0, 20, and 40 mg kg−1) having two irrigation procedures, including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and traditional continuous flooding (CF). According to the findings, As pollution in the soil lowered the yield contributing features and rice yield, including panicle length, filled grains per panicle, sterile grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. AWD water management significantly improved the growth performance and productivity of rice. Grain yield was increased by 13% in AWD compared to CF. Rice grain and straw As concentrations were increased to 0.56 mg kg−1 and 15.10 mg kg−1, respectively, in soil with 40 mg kg−1 As and CF water management. AWD treatment significantly reduced grain and straw As contents by 16% and 28%, respectively. Increased grain, straw, and total As uptake was noticed with higher soil As concentrations. The study also found that rising soil As raised non-carcinogenic risks (HQ > 1) and carcinogenic risks (CR > 1.010–4) while AWD lowered health risks compared to CF. Thus, rice farming using AWD irrigation could be a viable and long-term solution for reducing As contamination in rice and associated human health hazards.
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17
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Shahid M, Khalid S, Niazi NK, Murtaza B, Ahmad N, Farooq A, Zakir A, Imran M, Abbas G. Health risks of arsenic buildup in soil and food crops after wastewater irrigation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145266. [PMID: 33578156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable research of arsenic (As) level in ground/drinking water of Pakistan, scarce data is available regarding irrigation water contamination by As and associated health risks. The municipal wastewater is routinely applied for soil irrigation in peri-urban agriculture of the country. Since the wastewater composition/contamination and its allied consequences greatly vary in different areas, therefore, it is imperative to check the possible health risks in areas where untreated wastewater is being applied for food crop production. This study analyzed potential health hazards of As-buildup in soil and food plants irrigated with municipal wastewater growing under natural conditions. Sixteen wastewater irrigation locations were selected in District Vehari. From these sites, a total of 16 wastewater samples, 108 soil samples and 65 plant samples were collected for As analysis. Total As contents in wastewater (5.3-63.6 μg/L), soil (1.4-19.6 mg/kg) and plants (0-6.5 mg/kg) greatly varied with sampling location, soil depths and plant type. Based on total As contents in edible tissues, risk assessment parameters, especially cancer risk factor, showed possible health risks (> 0.0001) for wheat crops for children while no risks for other food crops. The use of multiple and diversified food crops is recommended in the study area to minimize the possible risk of As exposure and poisoning. The study also anticipates some future viewpoints considering the on-ground situation of wastewater use, possible exposure of metal(loid)s to human and associated health concerns at local and global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 Queensland, Australia
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zakir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
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18
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Hoang ATP, Prinpreecha N, Kim K. Influence of Mining Activities on Arsenic Concentration in Rice in Asia: A Review. Minerals 2021; 11:472. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crop and livestock farming on contaminated soil has been found to induce the accumulation of trace elements in edible parts of plants, with subsequent risk to human and animal health. Since rice crop is a major source of energy in worldwide diets and is consumed by more than 3 billion people, the soil–rice pathway is regarded as a prominent route of human exposure to potentially toxic elements. This study provides an overview of arsenic contamination in paddy rice from mining-impacted areas in several Asian countries that are primary rice consumers. From this review, it may be concluded that mining activities, along with the associated residual waste, significantly contribute to arsenic contamination of this food crop as rice samples from these regions were highly contaminated, with the highest total arsenic concentrations recorded being 3–4 times higher than the maximum levels proposed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. While the contamination in China, Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand appeared to be slightly affected by mining activities, the elevated levels of arsenic in rice from mining areas in India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam could be derived from arsenic-contaminated groundwater.
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Alchouron J, Navarathna C, Rodrigo PM, Snyder A, Chludil HD, Vega AS, Bosi G, Perez F, Mohan D, Pittman Jr. CU, Mlsna TE. Household arsenic contaminated water treatment employing iron oxide/bamboo biochar composite: An approach to technology transfer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 587:767-79. [PMID: 33309243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Juang KW, Chu LJ, Syu CH, Chen BC. Assessing human health risk of arsenic for rice consumption by an iron plaque based partition ratio model. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:142973. [PMID: 33498118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the transport and uptake of arsenic (As) from soil to rice roots and the subsequent translocation from roots to shoots and grains. Twelve rice cultivars were used in the field experiment. The amount of As accumulated in rice grains and sequestered by root iron plaque and rhizosphere soil, were determined to establish the relationship between As concentrations in brown rice and As sequestration by iron oxides. Human health risk was then assessed for Taiwan's population exposed to As through rice consumption. The result of this study showed that the mean total As concentrations in the experimental site and in brown rice were 93.02 mg/kg and 0.158 mg/kg, respectively. The As sequestration by iron oxides on root plaque (3.48-9.51) was higher than that of the rhizosphere soil (1.86-4.09) for all tested rice cultivars. Therefore, the partition ratio (PR) representing the relative tendency of As sequestration by rhizosphere soil to that in root iron plaque was all less than 1. In addition, there was a significant negative linear relationship between inorganic As concentration (iAs) in brown rice and PR value (r2 = 0.38, p < 0.05). Based on the iAs in brown rice, the median value of hazard quotient (HQ) and target cancer risk (TR) was 1.13 and 5.10 × 10-4, respectively, indicating potential cancer and non-cancer risk for Taiwan residents exposed to As through the consumption of rice grown on the studied site. Various PR values were then successfully used for estimating risk, implying that screening the PR of the rice plant before harvest could serve as an early warning signal for protecting consumers' health. However, more experiments with different rice cultivars for the paddy soils were suggested in the future to establish a comprehensive relationship between iAs in brown rice and PR value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Juang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jia Chu
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Syu
- Agricultural Chemistry Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ching Chen
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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21
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Kulathunga MRDL, Wijayawardena MAA, Naidu R. Heavy metal(loid)s and health risk assessment of Dambulla vegetable market in Sri Lanka. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:230. [PMID: 33772647 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential for a healthy diet in humans. However, vegetables can carry harmful metal(loid) contaminants such as As, Cd and Pb which are deleterious to health in the long term. It has been postulated that long-term heavy metal(loid) exposure by vegetable consumption is associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) that prevails in North Central Province of Sri Lanka. We performed a human health risk assessment to identify if there is any link between heavy metal(loid) exposure from vegetable consumption and the prevalence of CKDu. The study includes a survey of food consumption in CKDu-impacted areas and determination of the heavy metal(loid) contents of market vegetables. We found that Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) accumulated Pb to a greater extent than other vegetables and exceeded the permissible concentration for foodstuffs. The Cd content of Solanum melongena (Brinjal) also exceeded permissible levels. However, the As content was below permissible levels for all the vegetables tested. The weekly total heavy metal(loid) intake of Cd, As and Pb in vegetables in CKDu-impacted areas was lower than permissible limits. The consumption of an average amount of vegetables does not pose a chronic health risk to the consumers. There was no evidence of a link between the consumption of heavy metal(loid)s in vegetables and CKDu. Since, few vegetables showed marked heavy metal(loid) accumulation, periodical monitoring of heavy metal(loid) concentrations in vegetables will be beneficial for avoidance of future possible health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R D L Kulathunga
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Fruit Research and Development Institute, Kananwila, Horana, Sri Lanka.
| | - M A Ayanka Wijayawardena
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Saldaña-Robles N, Damián-Ascencio C, Gutiérrez-Chávez A, Zanor G, Guerra-Sánchez R, Herrera-Díaz I, Saldaña-Robles A. Spatio-temporal groundwater arsenic distribution in Central Mexico: implications in accumulation of arsenic in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) agrosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:11333-11347. [PMID: 33123880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a spatio-temporal study of arsenic (As) concentration in groundwater and its impact in barley uptake is presented. The impact of As on barley is studied through the determination of its bioaccumulation in the soil-plant system, As uptake, as well as a correlation between As concentration in water and its temperature in the groundwater. For the groundwater, spatial and temporal variability of As concentration in central Mexico was determined through a geostatistical analysis using ordinary kriging. The results show that the variability of As in the ground water is correlated with its temperature (R2 > 0.83). The As accumulation in the structures of plant follows the order root > leaf > ear in concentration. The bioaccumulation factor BAFT suggests that As is mobilized to the aerial parts of the barely for both As concentrations used in the irrigation water. However, for As concentration lower than 25 μg L-1, the BAFT is lower than 0.57, suggesting that the amount of As in root is the same as that contained in the aerial parts; whereas, for higher As concentrations (from 170 to 250 μg L-1), the BAFT is around 0.92, indicating that the As is mainly contained in root. The spatial distribution of As concentration trend in groundwaters along the time is the same, which means high As concentration areas remain in the same groundwaters and these areas are presenting the highest water temperature. These results shall contribute to understand the bioaccumulation of As in barley and the As spatial variability in central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Saldaña-Robles
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México
| | - Cesar Damián-Ascencio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36886, Salamanca, GTO, Mexico
| | - Abner Gutiérrez-Chávez
- Department of Veterinary and Zootechny, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Zanor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | | | - Israel Herrera-Díaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México
| | - Adriana Saldaña-Robles
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, GTO, México.
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Menon M, Dong W, Chen X, Hufton J, Rhodes EJ. Improved rice cooking approach to maximise arsenic removal while preserving nutrient elements. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:143341. [PMID: 33153748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a group 1 carcinogen, and consumption of rice can be a significant pathway of iAs exposure in the food chain. Although there are regulations in place to control iAs for marketed rice in some countries, additional measures are explored to remove arsenic from rice. Due to the surface-bound and soluble nature of iAs, previous studies have shown that it can be removed to a significant extent using different cooking methods. Towards this goal we modified and tested the absorption method in combination with four home-friendly cooking treatments (UA = unwashed and absorbed, WA = washed and absorbed, PSA = pre-soaked and absorbed, and PBA = parboiled and absorbed) using both brown and white rice (3 types each). The nutrient elements were measured using ICP-MS and arsenic speciation was carried out using LC-ICP-MS. Overall, our results show that PBA was the optimum approach assessed, removing 54% and 73% of inorganic arsenic (iAs) for brown and white rice respectively, raising the margin of exposure (MOE) by 3.7 for white rice and 2.2 times for brown rice, thus allowing the consumption of rice more safely for infants, children and adults. Other cooking treatments were effective in reducing the iAs concentration from white rice only. Here we also report changes in selected nutrient elements (P, K, Mg, Zn and Mn) which are relatively abundant in rice. In general, the treatments retained more nutrients in brown rice than white rice. No significant loss of Zn was observed from both rice types and the loss of other nutrients was similar or less than in comparison to reported losses from rice cooked in excess water in the literature. We conclude that PBA is a promising technique and further research is needed by including different regional rice types and water quality levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Menon
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Wanrong Dong
- The School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Xumin Chen
- The School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hufton
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Rhodes
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rahman MM, Alauddin M, Alauddin ST, Siddique AB, Islam MR, Agosta G, Mondal D, Naidu R. Bioaccessibility and speciation of arsenic in children's diets and health risk assessment of an endemic area in Bangladesh. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:124064. [PMID: 33265062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study determines the bioaccessibility of toxic and carcinogenic arsenic (As) in composite food samples and evaluates potential exposure from food intake in Bangladesh children. Total As (tAs), inorganic As (iAs) and bioaccessible As (BAs) in food composite samples consumed by children were compared between an exposed and a control group (based on As in drinking water). Total As concentrations in composite food samples of children exposed to mean As level of 331 µg/l in drinking and cooking water ranged from 586 to 1975 µg/kg, dry weight over 76-90 µg/kg in the unexposed group. Average iAs in food composites was 73.9% (range: 49.3-90.8%). The fraction of BAs using gastric and gastrointestinal phases was 91 ± 13% and 98 ± 11%, respectively. Daily intake of iAs in the exposed group ranged from 0.41 to 6.38 µg per kg body weight (BW), which was much higher than the unexposed group (0.08-0.15 µg per kg BW). High iAs content and BAs in composite food samples indicated the elevated risk to exposed children. Further research should include both adults and children using larger sample size to determine overall As exposure from food intake in Bangladesh, attention must be given to lowering of As in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Alauddin
- Department of Chemistry, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Sarah T Alauddin
- Department of Chemistry, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gabriella Agosta
- Department of Chemistry, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Wang Y, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Han J, Wang L, Zhu Y, Xu X, Li N, Qiu G. Total mercury and methylmercury in rice: Exposure and health implications in Bangladesh. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114991. [PMID: 32574891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice methylmercury (MeHg) contamination has attracted global attention, especially in countries where rice is considered a staple food. The daily rice intake rate in Bangladesh ranks first in the world; however, no attention has been paid to rice MeHg contamination in Bangladesh. Total Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations of commercial rice (n = 172) from Bangladesh were first analyzed to accurately evaluate both rice MeHg and inorganic Hg (IHg) exposure in different age-gender groups of Bangladeshis. The corresponding adverse health impacts and associated economic loss were also assessed. The results showed that THg concentration in all samples ranged from 0.42 to 14.4 ng/g, with an average of 2.48 ± 1.41 ng/g, while the MeHg concentration ranged from 0.026 to 7.47 ng/g, with an average of 0.83 ± 0.60 ng/g. The highest average MeHg and IHg were both recorded in rice from Chittagong. The highest mean MeHg and IHg exposures were observed in 2-5 years-old group and were 16.2% of the reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 μg/kg/day for MeHg and 7.09% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 0.571 μg/kg/day for IHg. Surprisingly, MeHg exposure of the 2-5 year-old children could be up to 93.7% of the RfD at a high percentile (P99.9). The total intelligence quotient reduction caused by rice MeHg exposure could be 54700 points, and the associated economic loss is approximately 42.5 million USD. To avoid high rice MeHg exposure, it was suggested that diet structure be improved. More attention should be paid to residents with long-term rice MeHg exposure, especially children in the 2-5 year-old group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- College of Food Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jialiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Wang
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Plateau Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Center, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- College of Resource & Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ning Li
- National Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd, Yinchuan Institute of Economy and Technology, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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Usese AI, Chukwu LO, Naidu R, Islam S, Rahman MM. Arsenic fractionation in sediments and speciation in muscles of fish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from a contaminated tropical Lagoon, Nigeria. Chemosphere 2020; 256:127134. [PMID: 32460163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses arsenic (As) fractionation in sediments and speciation in muscle tissues of Bagrid catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Lagos Lagoon, southwest Nigeria to determine risks to ecological receptors and humans. Residual As was the predominant geochemical fraction (86.2%) in sediments. Arsenite [As (III)] concentrations which ranged from 0.06 to 0.53 mg kg-1 in catfish muscle tissue, accounting for 25.9% of total As was the dominant species. Less toxic dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) which varied between 0.06 and 0.27 mg kg-1 made up to 10.8% of total As in catfish muscle tissue. Estimated human average daily intake (ADI) of As as As (III) and DMA were 1.35 × 10-4 and 0.62 × 10-4 mg kg-1 BW with corresponding hazard quotients (HQs) of 0.45 and 0.21, respectively, indicate no apparent health hazard to adult consumers. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) of 0.78 × 10-3 for total As, 0.20 × 10-3 for As (III), and 0.93 × 10-3 for DMA, for adults from the consumption of catfish is slightly higher than the US EPA threshold and indicates moderate carcinogenic risk. Furthermore, 12.5% bioavailable fraction of As in sediment and relatively higher levels of As (III) in fish tissues has ecological and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amii Isaac Usese
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | | | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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27
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González N, Calderón J, Rúbies A, Bosch J, Timoner I, Castell V, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Dietary exposure to total and inorganic arsenic via rice and rice-based products consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shahriar S, Rahman MM, Naidu R. Geographical variation of cadmium in commercial rice brands in Bangladesh: Human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:137049. [PMID: 32059313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food, including rice, is the major source of toxic element cadmium (Cd) for human exposure. Globally, many populations rely on the consumption of significant amounts of rice as a staple food. Using dietary intake and concentration of Cd, this study determines the risk posed to both adults and children due to Cd exposure from consumption of rice sold in Bangladeshi markets. Polished rice samples (n = 144) were collected from the markets of 16 districts of Bangladesh to determine the distribution, regional variability and associated health risk from Cd. The mean and median concentrations of Cd in rice were 44 μg/kg and 34 μg/kg, respectively, ranging between 1 and 180 μg/kg, dry weight. The Cd concentrations of the rice samples did not exceed the safe limit of EU/CODEX but 9% exceeded the safe limit of FSANZ (Food standards Australia New Zealand) values. Results indicated that there were significant variations of Cd among (33%) and within (67%) the districts. Some rice brands such as Najirshail, Katarivogh and Chinigura had Cd levels of 81, 70 and 68 μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium ingested on a daily basis ranged between 0.09 and 0.58 μg/kg body weight (bw) with the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for individuals varying between 1.35 × 10-3 and 8.7 × 10-3 in different districts. The age groups (2-5 yrs) and (6-10 yrs) experienced higher risks than others and both males and females were found to be susceptible from Cd exposure of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syfullah Shahriar
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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29
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Deng M, Zhu Y, Shao K, Zhang Q, Ye G, Shen J. Metals source apportionment in farmland soil and the prediction of metal transfer in the soil-rice-human chain. J Environ Manage 2020; 260:110092. [PMID: 31941630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is facing serious heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, which is a major pressing concern for food safety and human health. This research delivers an integrated methodology for pollution source apportionment and a soil-rice-human model to predict heavy metal transfer in the farmland soil, rice grain and human blood chain. The source identification integrated positive matrix factorization (PMF), cluster analysis (CA) and the life cycle assessment (LCA) survey of agricultural and industrial production and consumption. Based on the case analysis of Shaoxing, this method showed very good performance through the illustration of the source contributions by PMF and LCA at county level and the identification of the pollution sources using CA and LCA at field scale. According to the overall evaluation, the integrated method was superior for the farmland metals pollution source identification comparing to existing source apportionment methods. To predict metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain, a set of models of metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr) accumulation ability in rice grain and human blood has been established by literature review and monitoring data. The models showed adequate predictability for the metal content of rice grains at both the field and regional scale, and plausible simulation of the metal concentration in human blood throughout the whole study region. Therefore, this study provides valuable tools for farmland soil heavy metal pollution source identification and for the prediction of heavy metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain; and it can highlight the need to take mitigating action to reduce farmland metal pollution risks in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China.
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Guohua Ye
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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30
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Abedi T, Mojiri A. Arsenic Uptake and Accumulation Mechanisms in Rice Species. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E129. [PMID: 31972985 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rice consumption is a source of arsenic (As) exposure, which poses serious health risks. In this study, the accumulation of As in rice was studied. Research shows that As accumulation in rice in Taiwan and Bangladesh is higher than that in other countries. In addition, the critical factors influencing the uptake of As into rice crops are defined. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of using effective ways to reduce the accumulation of As in rice was studied. AsV and AsIII are transported to the root through phosphate transporters and nodulin 26-like intrinsic channels. The silicic acid transporter may have a vital role in the entry of methylated As, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), into the root. Amongst As species, DMA(V) is particularly mobile in plants and can easily transfer from root to shoot. The OsPTR7 gene has a key role in moving DMA in the xylem or phloem. Soil properties can affect the uptake of As by plants. An increase in organic matter and in the concentrations of sulphur, iron, and manganese reduces the uptake of As by plants. Amongst the agronomic strategies in diminishing the uptake and accumulation of As in rice, using microalgae and bacteria is the most efficient.
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Falconer N, Kyle J, Price A, Norton G, Russell W. The effect of post-harvest processing on the nutrient composition of BRRI Dhan 28 rice grain grown under alternate wetting and drying. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:E776. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120007624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Asere TG, Stevens CV, Du Laing G. Use of (modified) natural adsorbents for arsenic remediation: A review. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:706-720. [PMID: 31054415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element found in the atmosphere, soils and rocks, natural waters and organisms. It is one of the most toxic elements and has been classified as a human carcinogen (group I). Arsenic contamination in the groundwater has been observed in >70 countries, like Bangladesh, India, West Bengal, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam, Nepal, Cambodia, United States and China. About 200 million people are being exposed to excessive As through consumption of contaminated drinking water. Therefore, developing affordable and efficient techniques to remove As from drinking water is critical to protect human health. The currently available technologies include coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, ion exchange, electrochemical conversion and membrane technologies. However, most of the aforementioned treatment techniques require high initial and maintenance costs, and skilled manpower on top of that. Nowadays, adsorption has been accepted as a suitable removal technology, particularly for developing regions, because of its simple operation, potential for regeneration, and little toxic sludge generation. Processes based on the use of natural, locally available adsorbents are considered to be more accessible for developing countries, have a lower investment cost and a lower environmental impact (CO2 emission). To increase their performance, these materials may be chemically modified. Hence, this review paper presents progress of adsorption technologies for remediation of As contaminated water using chemically modified natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Girma Asere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Majumder S, Banik P. Geographical variation of arsenic distribution in paddy soil, rice and rice-based products: A meta-analytic approach and implications to human health. J Environ Manage 2019; 233:184-199. [PMID: 30580115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is considered as ubiquitous toxic element belonging to the highest health hazard category. Wide ranges of natural as well as anthropogenic activities are subject to create global arsenic distribution in the broad sense. Rice is the major staple food consumed by world's population on the maximum scale. Growing environment of rice typically attributed by geographical origin may influence on arsenic bioavailability in rice grain. Over exploitation of arsenic contaminated, groundwater resources have recognised as major concern in agricultural perspective for rice production. On the other hand, biogeochemical weathering of arsenic bearing rocks as the geogenic origin, mining activities and application arsenical pesticides are recognised to be well known factors responsible to increase the soil arsenic level. Transfer of arsenic into rice is rightly acquainted from these possible sources of contamination in different regions around the world. Consequently, such substantial geographical variation reflects bioavailability as well as speciation of arsenic in rice. In this manuscript, we discuss the contribution of different arsenic entering pathways in soil-rice systems from regional variability. Furthermore, we attempted to apply the meta-analysis in order to predict the comparative risk assessment on distribution pattern of total and inorganic arsenic in rice commercialised from various rice producing regions of Asia, Europe and US by considering a selected number of data set an extensive range of market basket and field survey. In addition, we finally focus on health risk assessment associated by the consumption of rice and rice-based infant products as the dietary intake from the different of origin. Furthermore, we must detect and categorize the possible source of contamination, which may critically enhance the bioavailability of arsenic in rice in order to minimize the risk. These are the major aspects reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Majumder
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Pabitra Banik
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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Liao N, Seto E, Eskenazi B, Wang M, Li Y, Hua J. A Comprehensive Review of Arsenic Exposure and Risk from Rice and a Risk Assessment among a Cohort of Adolescents in Kunming, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15102191. [PMID: 30297612 PMCID: PMC6210429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is carcinogenic and highly concentrated in rice. Dietary exposure to iAs is concerning among adolescents due to their developmental stage and iAs’s long-latency effects. This paper aimed to assess iAs exposure from rice and related lifetime cancer risks (LCR) among adolescents in Kunming, China. A comprehensive literature review of iAs levels in rice and LCR in humans was also conducted. Average daily consumption of rice (ADC) was estimated from 267 adolescents (15–18 years). Rice samples obtained from 6 markets were analyzed for iAs concentration (AC). Estimated daily intake (EDI) of iAs was calculated using ADC, AC, and average body weight (BW). Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) was calculated using EDI and U.S. EPA derived iAs oral slope factor. The AC was 0.058 mg/kg and the average BW and ADC were 67.5 kg and 410 g/day for males and 55.5 kg and 337 g/day for females. The EDI and LCR were 3.52 × 10−4 mg/kg-BW/day and 5.28 × 10−4 for both males and females, with LCR 5 times above the U.S. LCR upper limit of 1.0 × 10−4. While the AC was below the Chinese maximum contaminant level of 0.2 mg/kg, study results indicated that Kunming adolescents may be at increased risk for iAs-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Liao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - May Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jenna Hua
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Raessler M. The Arsenic Contamination of Drinking and Groundwaters in Bangladesh: Featuring Biogeochemical Aspects and Implications on Public Health. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 75:1-7. [PMID: 29520432 PMCID: PMC5988758 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread contaminant of drinking and groundwaters in the world. Even if these contaminations have a geogenic origin, they often are exacerbated by anthropogenic activities. This is particularly true for the Bengal delta. Millions of people in Bangladesh are consuming drinking water with arsenic concentrations ≥ 50 µg/L. Their drinking water supply is based on groundwaters extracted by pumping wells, which were part of a well-drilling program by the United Nations. The intention was to provide the people with groundwater instead of surface water due to its critical hygienic conditions. Unfortunately, many wells extract the groundwater at depths where arsenic concentrations are highest. Arsenic is being dissolved from the aquifer by biogeochemical processes that are fueled by the presence of high amounts of organics in the Bengal delta sediments. This problem was not encountered at the time due to a lack of chemical analyses of the waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Raessler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 10, PF 100164, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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