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da Silva MP, de Souza ACA, Ferreira ÁRD, do Nascimento PLA, Fraga TJM, Cavalcanti JVFL, Ghislandi MG, da Motta Sobrinho MA. Synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe 3O 4-graphene oxide-based material for the photodegradation of clonazepam. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18916. [PMID: 39143177 PMCID: PMC11324737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The global concern over water pollution caused by contaminants of emerging concern has been the subject of several studies due to the complexity of treatment. Here, the synthesis of a graphene oxide-based magnetic material (GO@Fe3O4) produced according to a modified Hummers' method followed by a hydrothermal reaction was proposed; then, its application as a photocatalyst in clonazepam photo-Fenton degradation was investigated. Several characterization analyses were performed to analyze the structure, functionalization and magnetic properties of the composite. A 23 factorial design was used for the optimization procedure to investigate the effect of [H2O2], GO@Fe3O4 dose and pH on clonazepam degradation. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that GO@Fe3O4 could not adsorb clonazepam. Photo-Fenton kinetics showed that total degradation of clonazepam was achieved within 5 min, and the experimental data were better fitted to the PFO model. A comparative study of clonazepam degradation by different processes highlighted that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process was more efficient than homogeneous processes. The radical scavenging test showed that O 2 · - was the main active free radical in the degradation reaction, followed by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes (h+) in the valence layer; accordingly, a mechanism of degradation was proposed to describe the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Patrícia da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Ana Caroline Alves de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ágata Rodrigues Deodato Ferreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lucas Araújo do Nascimento
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Tiago José Marques Fraga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Pernambuco Agreste (UFAPE), Bom Pastor Avenue, W/N, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gomes Ghislandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), 300 Cento e Sessenta e Três Av., Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brazil
| | - Maurício Alves da Motta Sobrinho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), 1235 Prof. Moraes Rego Av, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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2
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Lee KT, Ho KY, Chen WH, Kwon EE, Lin KYA, Liou SR. Construction and demolition waste as a high-efficiency advanced process for organic pollutant degradation in Fenton-like reaction to approach circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122246. [PMID: 37516293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The Fenton-like reaction is a promising organic wastewater treatment reaction among advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which has emerged to replace the conventional Fenton reaction. Recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW), which is porous and rich in iron, manganese, and magnesium, can be reused as a Fenton-like catalyst. This study proposes an AOP wastewater treatment strategy using recycled porous CDW mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to decompose methylene blue (MB) wastewater. According to the apparent first-order rate (Kapp) of 10 ppm MB adsorption, CDW-3, having the highest specific surface area, also has the highest Kapp of 0.23 min-1 g-1. The optimized conditions recommended by the Taguchi method include a 0.3 g mL-1 CDW-3 concentration, a 0.254 g mL-1 H2O2 concentration, and 10 ppm MB, resulting in an about 2.01 min-1Kapp value. In addition, MB concentration is observed as the most influential factor for Kapp, which decreases with increasing MB concentration and is about 0.62 min-1 at 1000 ppm MB. Repeating the Fenton-like reaction five times at 100 p.m. MB using the same CDW-3, the Kapp is about 0.64 min-1, which is 86% of the initial run. The synergistic effect index (ξ) is defined to quantify the level of interaction between CDW and H2O2, which produces free radicals during the Fenton-like process. The ξ of CDW-3 is about 2.16. Overall, it is demonstrated that CDW is a promising catalyst for Fenton-like reactions, and the synergistic effect index (ξ) can be used as a reference index to evaluate the catalytic generation of free radicals between the catalyst and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Ho
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Ren Liou
- Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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He MC, Lin SJ, Huang TC, Chen GF, Peng YP, Chen WH. The Influences of Pore Blockage by Natural Organic Matter and Pore Dimension Tuning on Pharmaceutical Adsorption onto GO-Fe 3O 4. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2063. [PMID: 37513074 PMCID: PMC10384072 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and its adverse impacts on public health and aquatic ecosystems have recently attracted increasing attention. Graphene oxide coated with magnetite (GO-Fe3O4) is effective at removing pharmaceuticals in water by adsorption. However, the myriad compositions in real water are known to adversely impact the adsorption performance. One objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pore blockage by natural organic matter (NOM) with different sizes on pharmaceutical adsorption onto GO-Fe3O4. Meanwhile, the feasibility of pore dimension tuning of GO-Fe3O4 for selective adsorption of pharmaceuticals with different structural characteristics was explored. It was shown in the batch experiments that the adsorbed pharmaceutical concentrations onto GO-Fe3O4 were significantly affected (dropped by 2-86%) by NOM that had size ranges similar to the pore dimensions of GO-Fe3O4, as the impact was enhanced when the adsorption occurred at acidic pHs (e.g., pH 3). Specific surface areas, zeta potentials, pore volumes, and pore-size distributions of GO-Fe3O4 were influenced by the Fe content forming different-sized Fe3O4 between GO layers. Low Fe contents in GO-Fe3O4 increased the formation of nano-sized pores (2.0-12.5 nm) that were efficient in the adsorption of pharmaceuticals with low molecular weights (e.g., 129 kDa) or planar structures via size discrimination or inter-planar π-π interaction, respectively. As excess larger-sized pores (e.g., >50 nm) were formed on the surface of GO-Fe3O4 due to higher Fe contents, pharmaceuticals with larger molecular weights (e.g., 296 kDa) or those removed by electrostatic attraction between the adsorbate and adsorbent dominated on the GO-Fe3O4 surface. Given these observations, the surface characteristics of GO-Fe3O4 were alterable to selectively remove different pharmaceuticals in water by adsorption, and the critical factors determining the adsorption performance were discussed. These findings provide useful views on the feasibility of treating pharmaceutical wastewater, recycling valuable pharmaceuticals, or removing those with risks to public health and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cyuan He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Jhang Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Yaseen M, Subhan S, Khan K, Farooq MU, Ahmad W, Seema H, Naz R, Subhan F. Deep desulfurization of real fuel oils over tin-impregnated graphene oxide-hydrogen peroxide and formic acid catalyst-oxidant system. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2131429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Subhan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Saidu Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Farooq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Seema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Naz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazle Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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5
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Mechanistic Insight into Degradation of Cetirizine under UV/Chlorine Treatment: Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UV/chlorine treatment is an efficient technology for removing organic pollutants in wastewater. Nevertheless, degradation of antihistamines in the UV/chlorine system, especially the underlying reaction mechanism, is not yet clear. In this study, the degradation of cetirizine (CTZ), a representative antihistamine, under UV/chlorine treatment was investigated. The results showed that CTZ could undergo fast degradation in the UV/chlorine system with an observed reaction rate constant (kobs) of (0.19 ± 0.01) min−1, which showed a first-increase and then-decrease trend with its initial concentration increased. The degradation of CTZ during the UV/chlorine treatment was attributed to direct UV irradiation (38.7%), HO• (35.3%), Cl• (7.3%), and ClO• (17.1%). The kobs of CTZ decreased with the increase in pH and the increase in concentrations of a representative dissolved organic matter, Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), due to their negative effects on the concentrations of reactive species generated in the UV/chlorine system. The detailed reaction pathways of HO•, ClO•, and Cl• with CTZ were revealed using quantum chemical calculation. This study provided significant insights into the efficient degradation and the underlying mechanism for the removal of CTZ in the UV/chlorine system.
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6
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Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Catalyst Support for Facile and Highly Scalable Preparation of Magnetic Fenton Catalysts for Ultra-Highly Efficient Removal of Tetracycline. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse ash, which is waste from the combustion process of bagasse for electricity generation, was utilized as received as a catalyst support to prepare the magnetic sugarcane bagasse ash (MBGA) with different iron-to-ash ratios using a simple co-precipitation method, and the effects of NaOH and iron loadings on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst were investigated using various intensive characterization techniques. In addition, the catalyst was used with a low amount of H2O2 for the catalytic degradation of a high concentration of tetracycline (800 mg/L) via a Fenton system. The catalyst exhibited excellent degradation activity of 90.43% removal with good magnetic properties and high stabilities and retained good efficiency after four cycles with NaOH as the eluent. Moreover, the hydroxyl radical on the surface of catalyst played a major role in the degradation of TC, and carbon-silica surface of bagasse ash significantly improved the efficiencies. The results indicated that the MBGA catalyst shows the potential to be highly scalable for a practical application, with high performance in the heterogeneous Fenton system.
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7
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Wei Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Chi Y, Yue T, Dai Y, Zhao J, Xing B. Adsorption and catalytic degradation of preservative parabens by graphene-family nanomaterials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150520. [PMID: 34600213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parabens pose increasing threats to human health due to endocrine disruption activity. Adsorption and degradation of parabens by three types of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) were therefore investigated. For a given paraben, the maximum adsorption capacities (Q0) followed the order of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) > multilayered graphene (MG) > graphene oxide (GO); for a given GFN, Q0 followed the order of butylparaben (BuP) > propylparaben (PrP) > ethylparaben (EtP) > methylparaben (MeP), dominated by hydrophobic interaction. MeP removal by all the three GFNs was highly enhanced (0.55-4.37 times) with the assistance of H2O2 due to additional catalytic degradation process, and MG showed the highest removal enhancement. ∙OH was confirmed as the dominant radicals responsible for parabens degradation. For MG and RGO, the metal impurities (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Co) initiated Fenton-like reaction with H2O2 to generate ∙OH. GO contained oxygen-centered free radicals, which were responsible for ∙OH formation via transferring electron to H2O2. Four degradation byproducts of MeP were identified, including oxalic, propanedioic, fumaric, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids. Combined with density function theory calculations, the degradation sites and pathways were identified and confirmed. These findings provide useful information on mechanistic understanding towards the adsorption and degradation of parabens by GFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Wei
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuantong Chi
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanhui Dai
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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8
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Dang Y, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Sun X, Yu S, Zhou Y. Tannic acid reinforced electro-Fenton system based on GO-Fe 3O 4/NF cathode for the efficient catalytic degradation of PNP. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133046. [PMID: 34883130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the sluggish kinetics of the redox conversion between Fe3+ and Fe2+ in Fenton process, we established a novel electro-Fenton system based on GO-Fe3O4 cathode and tannic acid (TA) for the efficient degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP). Under the optimal degradation parameters (including the initial PNP concentration of 20 mg L-1, pH = 5, current density of 30 mA cm-2 and feeding ratio of PNP: TA = 1:2), the TA reinforced GO-Fe3O4 electro-Fenton system exhibited the removal rate of PNP over 90.1 ± 0.2%, the COD removal rate of 69.5 ± 0.84% and satisfactory reusability (with the removal rate of ∼80% after 5 recycles). The excellent degradation performance of the proposed TA reinforced GO-Fe3O4 electro-Fenton system was partly attributed to the optimized morphology (with the particle size of Fe3O4 reduced to tens of nanometers, pore size decreased by ∼80% and pore volume increased by 24.3 times) and larger specific surface area (increased by 72.7 times) after compositing GO with Fe3O4, which exposed more active sites. In return, the electron transfer process, the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the degradation efficiency were promoted in the cooperation of GO and Fe3O4. Moreover, the incorporated TA would form a TA-Fe(III) complex to promote the reduction reaction from Fe3+ to Fe2+, which strengthened the self-circulation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and indirectly enhanced the conversion of H2O2 to ROS to decompose PNP into smaller organic fragments or mineralize into CO2, H2O, NO2- or NO3-, etc. Obviously, the incorporation of TA provided a promising strategy to improve the electro-Fenton efficiency and realize the efficient removal of PNP in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yangyang Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Sha Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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9
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Lin CH, Chen WH. Graphene Family Nanomaterials (GFN)-TiO 2 for the Photocatalytic Removal of Water and Air Pollutants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3195. [PMID: 34947544 PMCID: PMC8705732 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Given the industrial revolutions and resource scarcity, the development of green technologies which aims to conserve resources and reduce the negative impacts of technology on the environment has become a critical issue of concern. One example is heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been intensively researched given its low toxicity and photocatalytic effects under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The advantages conferred by the physical and electrochemical properties of graphene family nanomaterials (GFN) have contributed to the combination of GFN and TiO2 as well as the current variety of GFN-TiO2 catalysts that have exhibited improved characteristics such as greater electron transfer and narrower bandgaps for more potential applications, including those under visible light irradiation. In this review, points of view on the intrinsic properties of TiO2, GFNs (pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs)), and GFN-TiO2 are presented. This review also explains practical synthesis techniques along with perspective characteristics of these TiO2- and/or graphene-based materials. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity by using GFN-TiO2 and its improved photocatalytic reactions for the treatment of organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants in water and air phases are reported. It is expected that this review can provide insights into the key to optimizing the photocatalytic activity of GFN-TiO2 and possible directions for future development in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
- Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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10
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Xu Z, Li L, Li K, Chen ML, Tu J, Chen W, Zhu SH, Cheng YH. Peroxidase-mimetic activity of a nanozyme with uniformly dispersed Fe 3O 4 NPs supported by mesoporous graphitized carbon for determination of glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:421. [PMID: 34787714 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A Fe3O4/mesoporous graphitized carbon (Fe3O4/m-GC) composite was prepared through a facile calcination method with iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) as a sacrificial template. After carbonization, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the mesoporous carbon support, resulting in spatial structural stability. The mesoporous carbon support obtained was highly graphitized and exhibited eminent electrical conductivity, which accelerated the electron transfer between the Fe3O4 nanoparticles by Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycles and m-GC by C = Csp2/C-Csp3 redox cycles, leading to the excellent peroxidase-mimetic activity of Fe3O4/m-GC. Km values for tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 were 26.8 and 15.8 times lower than that of natural horseradish peroxidase, respectively. Taking advantage of the peroxidase-mimetic activity of Fe3O4/m-GC, a colorimetric assay was fabricated for detecting glucose in the range 0.5 ~ 200 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.24 μM. Fig 1 A Schematic illustration of the preparation process of Fe3O4/m-GC, B schematic illustration of a proposed synergistic catalytic mechanism of TMB oxidation by Fe3O4/m-GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Long Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Food Safety Science & Technology, Changsha Customs Technology Center, Changsha Customs District, Changsha, 410116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hui Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ramirez-Ubillus MA, de Melo Costa-Serge N, Hammer P, Nogueira RFP. A new approach on synergistic effect and chemical stability of graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposite in the heterogeneous Fenton degradation of caffeine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55014-55028. [PMID: 34121160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two compositions of graphene oxide-magnetite nanocomposites were studied as catalysts in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that the graphene oxide sheets were covered with nanoparticles of magnetite, with an average crystallite size of 7 nm. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the phases interacted through covalent Fe-O-C bonds. The composites presented significantly improved catalytic activity, compared to pure magnetite, with a synergistic effect of up to a factor of 17.1 for the Fenton degradation of caffeine, achieving total removal after 90 min. This synergistic effect was a consequence of the interaction between the phases, resulting in improved mass transfer of caffeine to the catalyst surface, adsorption and efficient degradation, with enhanced HO• generation. The surface reaction constant increased by up to three orders of magnitude, demonstrating the important role of graphene oxide in the degradation kinetics of the heterogeneous Fenton process. The surface-bonded hydroxyl radicals were responsible for caffeine degradation, achieving 9.4 μmol L-1. After five degradation cycles, a loss of Fe-O-C bonds and increase in oxygenated groups were associated with a small decrease of caffeine removal efficiency, from 98 to 82%, without significant iron leaching, in the dark, and with low consumption of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayara de Melo Costa-Serge
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil
- UNESP, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Peter Hammer
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fernandes Pupo Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
- UNESP, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
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12
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Peng Y, Ye G, Du Y, Zeng L, Hao J, Wang S, Zhou J. Fe 3O 4 hollow nanospheres on graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the advanced treatment of biotreated papermaking effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39199-39209. [PMID: 33754264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of using Fe3O4/graphene oxide (FGO) nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for the advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater. FGO nanocomposites with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios were synthesized by coprecipitating iron salts onto GO sheets in basic solution. The characterization of the resulting material structures and functionalities was performed using a range of analytical techniques. A low GO loading afforded a good Fe3O4 nanoparticle dispersibility and resulted in a higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and pore volume. The FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4 were used to treat papermaking wastewater in a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The results suggested that the nanocomposite designated FGO1 (GO loading of 25 mg) exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency than other FGO nanocomposites and pure Fe3O4. A maximum chemical oxygen demand degradation efficiency of 89.6% was achieved in 80 min with 1.5 g L-1 FGO1 at pH 3. The degradation of different pollutants present in wastewater was evaluated with the aid of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 3D excitation-emission-matrix analysis. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and magnetic measurements confirmed that the FGO1 nanocomposites possess a low iron leachability and a high reusability. Thus, a comprehensive advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater using a magnetic FGO catalyst is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guirong Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Co, Ltd, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yangliu Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Co, Ltd, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Co, Ltd, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jinghong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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13
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DFT study of the fouling deposition process in the steam generator by simulating the adsorption of Fe 2+ on Fe 3O 4 (0 0 1). J Mol Model 2021; 27:175. [PMID: 34021403 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to reveal the fouling problem on the outer surface of the steam generator (SG) tube in the secondary circuit condition of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant, based on the density functional theory (DFT) method, the Cambridge sequential total energy program package (CASTEP) is used to simulate seven kinds of highly symmetric adsorption structure models of termination with tetrahedral Fe (A termination) and termination with octahedral Fe (B termination) on Fe3O4 (0 0 1) surface. The adsorption energies and stable adsorption conformations are calculated. The results show that the most stable adsorption structures of the Fe2+/Fe3O4 (0 0 1) configurations are Fe2+ above Fe-O bond of B layer termination (Fe3O4(001) A-b). During the adsorption, the Fe-Fe, Fe-O bond length, and Fe-Fe-O bond angle of (0 0 1) surface change, and the atomic positions parallel and perpendicular to (0 0 1) surface change correspondingly. The change happened to the surface layer is the most drastic one. The calculation of charge population, the density of states (DOS), and electron local function of Fe2+/Fe3O4 (0 0 1) optimal adsorption configuration show that there is electron transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3O4 (0 0 1), and the adsorption type is chemisorption. Among them, Fe (Fe2+)-Fe (Fe3O4) forms a metal bond, and Fe (Fe2+)-O (Fe3O4) forms the ionic bond. The results illustrate the interaction between free Fe2+ and Fe3O4 is the reason of the nucleation and agglomeration of Fe3O4 scale and it provides the foundation for the further research on Fe3O4 scale deposition.
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14
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Lin CH, Chen WH. Influence of water, H2O2, H2SO4, and NaOH filtration on the surface characteristics of a graphene oxide-iron (GO-Fe) membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Zhou S, Xu X, Wang L, Guo L, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. A fluorescence based immunochromatographic sensor for monitoring chlorpheniramine and its comparison with a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow strip. Analyst 2021; 146:3589-3598. [PMID: 33928961 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpheniramine (CPM) is an illegal additive found in herbal teas and health foods, and its excessive intake can cause health problems. In this study, a CPM monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed based on a new type of hapten. The mAb was found to belong to the IgG2b subclass and showed high sensitivity and specificity when used in ELISA, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.98 ng mL-1 and cross-reactivity (CR) values below 1.8% when compared to antiallergic drugs. Based on the mAb produced, a fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip assay (FM-ICS) and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip assay (GNP-ICS) were developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of CPM in herbal tea samples. Under optimal conditions, the cut-off values for the FM-ICS and GNP-ICS were 10 ng mL-1 and 100 ng mL-1, respectively, in herbal tea samples. The FM-ICS exhibited a higher sensitivity than GNP-ICS, but both could produce results within 15 min. In addition, a variety of high-throughput rapid immunoassay formats could be implemented based on this mAb for use as a convenient and reliable tool for the determination of CPM exposure in foods and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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16
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Long X, Chen H, Huang T, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Tan J, Chen R. Removal of Cd(II) from Micro-Polluted Water by Magnetic Core-Shell Fe 3O 4@Prussian Blue. Molecules 2021; 26:2497. [PMID: 33922916 PMCID: PMC8123264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel core-shell magnetic Prussian blue-coated Fe3O4 composites (Fe3O4@PB) were designed and synthesized by in-situ replication and controlled etching of iron oxide (Fe3O4) to eliminate Cd (II) from micro-polluted water. The core-shell structure was confirmed by TEM, and the composites were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The pore diameter distribution from BET measurement revealed the micropore-dominated structure of Fe3O4@PB. The effects of adsorbents dosage, pH, and co-existing ions were investigated. Batch results revealed that the Cd (II) adsorption was very fast initially and reached equilibrium after 4 h. A pH of 6 was favorable for Cd (II) adsorption on Fe3O4@PB. The adsorption rate reached 98.78% at an initial Cd (II) concentration of 100 μg/L. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models could best describe the Cd (II) adsorption onto Fe3O4@PB, indicating that the sorption of Cd (II) ions on the binding sites of Fe3O4@PB was the main rate-limiting step of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm well fitted the Freundlich model with a maximum capacity of 9.25 mg·g-1 of Cd (II). The adsorption of Cd (II) on the Fe3O4@PB was affected by co-existing ions, including Cu (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II), due to the competitive effect of the co-adsorption of Cd (II) with other co-existing ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Long
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huaibei Town 380, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huaibei Town 380, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Tijun Huang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Yifeng Lu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (T.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jihua Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huaibei Town 380, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huaibei Town 380, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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17
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Chen WH, Wang YH, Hsu TH. The competitive effect of different chlorination disinfection methods and additional inorganic nitrogen on nitrosamine formation from aromatic and heterocyclic amine-containing pharmaceuticals. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128922. [PMID: 33190909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amine-containing pharmaceuticals formed nitrosamines that are nitrogenous disinfection byproducts of public concerns due to their carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the co-effect of additional inorganic nitrogen in different forms (ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate) and different disinfection approaches (chlorination, monochloramination, dichloramination, and two-step chlorination) on eight nitrosamine formation from four widely used pharmaceuticals. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the main species formed. The presence of N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), nitrosomorpholine (NMor), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip) was found in certain experiments. For one-step chlorination, the influential factors, in decreasing order of importance, were the molecular structural characteristics of the pharmaceutical, oxidation method, and presence and form of additional nitrogen. In four pharmaceuticals with comparative structures, the availability of amine intermediates during degradation was the key to higher nitrosamine yields. Monochloramine significantly enhanced nitrosamine formation from four pharmaceuticals. NDMA formation by adding hypochlorous acid and ammonium separately were lower than those during monochloramination. During two-step chlorination, NDMA formation was enhanced at certain pre-chlorine doses (e.g., a Cl/N molar ratio of 20 or 4). The pre-chlorine dose changed the Cl/N ratio. As the ratio was increased, the combined chlorine residual was formed and decreased. When the ratio was high, breakpoint chlorination possibly occurred enhancing NDMA formation. While NDMA formation was successfully inhibited by two-step chlorination, ammonium brought the NDMA yields of these pharmaceuticals back to the range observed in chloramination, suggesting the importance of ammonium control for limiting NDMA formation from pharmaceuticals during two-step chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Hong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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18
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Ahmad W, Ur Rahman A, Ahmad I, Yaseen M, Mohamed Jan B, Stylianakis MM, Kenanakis G, Ikram R. Oxidative Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillate Fractions Using Manganese Dioxide Supported on Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide as Catalyst. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:203. [PMID: 33466855 PMCID: PMC7830498 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of modeled and real oil samples was investigated using manganese-dioxide-supported, magnetic-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2/MrGO) as a catalyst in the presence of an H2O2/HCOOH oxidation system. MnO2/MrGO composite was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The optimal conditions for maximum removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from modeled oil samples were found to be efficient at 40 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 0.08 g catalyst dose/10 mL, and 2 mL of H2O2/formic acid, under which MnO2/MrGO exhibited intense desulfurization activity of up to 80%. Under the same set of conditions, the removal of only 41% DBT was observed in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as the catalyst, which clearly indicated the advantage of MrGO in the composite catalyst. Under optimized conditions, sulfur removal in real oil samples, including diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene, was found to be 67.8%, 59.5%, and 51.9%, respectively. The present approach is credited to cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity, and ease of preparation, envisioning great prospects for desulfurization of fuel oils on a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Atiq Ur Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan; (A.U.R.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Badrul Mohamed Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Minas M. Stylianakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (M.M.S.); (G.K.)
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, Vasilika Vouton, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Greece; (M.M.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Rabia Ikram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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