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Zhang Y, Huang G, Zhang Q, Bi X, Chu H, Liu Z, Luo J, Bai S, Mo S, Wang H, Fu M. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the surface water of Lipu River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118908. [PMID: 38614197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are inadvertently released into the aquatic environment, causing detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystem. There is an urgent need of an in-deep investigation on contamination information of PPCPs in aquatic environment as well as the ecological risks to the aquatic ecosystem. This study was carried out in Lipu River basin, China, to investigate the distribution pattern and ecological risks of PPCPs. Results showed that PPCPs pollution is ubiquitous, 29 out of 30 targeted PPCPs were detected in Lipu River. Fourteen PPCPs were detected with a frequency of 100% in all water samples, and ten PPCPs were detected with a frequency of more than 80%. The cumulated PPCPs concentrations ranged from 33.30 ng/L to 99.60 ng/L, with a median value of 47.20 ng/L in Lipu River. Caffeine, flumequine, nifedipine, and lomefloxacin were the predominant PPCPs in study area. Caffeine showed high ecological risk, five and seven individual PPCP showed medium and low ecological risk to algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Guibin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Bi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hang Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shaoyuan Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shengpeng Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hengsheng Water Environment Treatment Co., Ltd., Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Mingming Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Yang J, Fan Y, Lu Z, Guo Y, Huang J, Cai K, Sun Q, Wang F. Positive profile of natural small molecule organic matters on emerging antivirus pharmaceutical elimination in advance reduction process: A deep dive into the photosensitive mechanism of triplet excited state compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121611. [PMID: 38640567 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural small molecular organic matter (NSOM), ubiquitous in natural waters and distinct from humic acid or fulvic acid, is a special type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which is characterized as strong photosensitivity and simple molecular structure. However, little study had been directed on the role of NSOM in eliminating emerging contaminants in advanced reduction process (ARP). This study took three small molecular isomeric organic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, pHBA; salicylic acid, SA; m-hydroxybenzoic acid, mHBA) as the representative substances of NSOM to explore these mechanisms on promoting Ribavirin (RBV, an anti COVID-19 medicine) degradation in ultraviolet activated sulfite (UV/Sulfite) process. The results demonstrated that the observed degradation rate constant of RBV (kobs-RBV) was 7.56 × 10-6 s-1 in UV/Sulfite process, indicating that hydrated electron (eaq-) from UV/Sulfite process could not effectively degrade RBV, while it increased by 178 and 38 times when pHBA and SA were introduced into UV/Sulfite process respectively, suggesting that pHBA and SA strongly promoted RBV degradation while mHBA had no promotion on RBV abatement in UV/Sulfite process. Transient absorption spectra and reactive intermediates scavenging experiment indicated that the triplet excited state pHBA and SA (3pHBA* and 3SA*) contributed to the degradation of RBV through non-radical process. Notably, eaq- played the role of key initiator in transforming pHBA and SA into their triplet states. The difference of kobs-RBV in UV/Sulfite/pHBA and UV/Sulfite/SA process was attributed to different generation pathways of 3pHBA* and 3SA* (high molar absorptivity at the wavelength of 254 nm and photosensitive cycle, respectively) and their second order rate constants towards RBV (kRBV-3pHBA* = 8.60 × 108 M-1 s-1 and kRBV-3SA* = 6.81 × 107 M-1 s-1). mHBA could not degrade RBV for its lack of intramolecular hydrogen bond and low molar absorptivity at 254 nm to abundantly transform into its triplet state. kobs-RBV increased as pH increased from 5.0 to 11.0 in UV/Sulfite/SA process, due to the high yield of eaq- in alkaline condition which promoted the generation of 3SA* and the stable of the absorbance of SA at 254 nm. By contrast, kobs-RBV underwent a process of first increasing and then decreasing in UV/Sulfite/pHBA process as the increase of pH, and its highest value achieved in a neutral condition. This lied in the exposure of eaq- increased as the increase of pH which promoted the generation of 3pHBA*, while the molar absorptivity of pHBA at 254 nm decreased as the increase of pH in an alkaline condition which inhibited the yield of 3pHBA*. The RBV degradation pathways and products toxicity assessment indicated that UV/Sulfite/pHBA had better detoxification performance on RBV than UV/Sulfite/SA process. This study disclosed a novel mechanism of emerging contaminants abatement through non-radical process in NSOM mediated ARP, and provide a wide insight into positive profile of DOM in water treatment process, instead of only taking DOM as a quencher of reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjie Fan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhilei Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiyuan Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Feifeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
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Zhang Z, Zheng H, Liu Y, Ma S, Feng Q, Qu J, Zhu X. Highly sensitive detection of multiple antiviral drugs using graphitized hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ionic liquids-based electrochemical sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118466. [PMID: 38354882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Global outbreaks and the spread of viral diseases in the recent years have led to a rapid increase in the usage of antiviral drugs (ATVs), the residues and metabolites of which are discharged into the natural environment, posing a serious threat to human health. There is an urgent need to develop sensitive and rapid detection tools for multiple ATVs. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor comprising a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphitized hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (G-MWCNT-OH) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6, IL) for the detection of six ATVs including famciclovir (FCV), remdesivir (REM), favipiravir (FAV), hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ), cepharanthine (CEP) and molnupiravir (MOL). The morphology and structure of the G-MWCNT-OH/IL nanocomposites were characterized comprehensively, and the electroactive surface area and electron conductivity of G-MWCNT-OH/IL/GCE were determined using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The thermodynamic stability and non-covalent interactions between the G-MWCNT-OH and IL were evaluated through quantum chemical simulation calculations, and the mechanism of ATV detection using the G-MWCNT-OH/IL/GCE was thoroughly examined. The detection conditions were optimized to improve the sensitivity and stability of electrochemical sensors. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the G-MWCNT-OH/IL/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance and detected the ATVs over a wide concentration range (0.01-120 μM). The limit of detections (LODs) were 42.3 nM, 55.4 nM, 21.9 nM, 15.6 nM, 10.6 nM, and 3.2 nM for FCV, REM, FAV, HCQ, CEP, and MOL, respectively. G-MWCNT-OH/IL/GCE was also highly stable and selective to the ATVs in the presence of multiple interfering analytes. This sensor exhibited great potential for enabling the quantitative detection of multiple ATVs in actual water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Huizi Zheng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Shuang Ma
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China.
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Sypalov SA, Varsegov IS, Ulyanovskii NV, Lebedev AT, Kosyakov DS. Mucolytic Drugs Ambroxol and Bromhexine: Transformation under Aqueous Chlorination Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5214. [PMID: 38791251 PMCID: PMC11121625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromhexine and ambroxol are among the mucolytic drugs most widely used to treat acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Entering the municipal wastewater and undergoing transformations during disinfection with active chlorine, these compounds can produce nitrogen- and bromine-containing disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are dangerous for aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, primary and deep degradation products of ambroxol and bromhexine obtained in model aquatic chlorination experiments were studied via the combination of high-performance liquid and gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was shown that at the initial stages, the reactions of cyclization, hydroxylation, chlorination, electrophilic ipso-substitution of bromine atoms with chlorine, and oxidative N-dealkylation occur. Along with known metabolites, a number of novel primary DBPs were tentatively identified based on their elemental compositions and tandem mass spectra. Deep degradation of bromhexine and ambroxol gives twenty-four identified volatile and semi-volatile compounds of six classes, among which trihalomethanes account for more than 50%. The specific class of bromhexine- and ambroxol-related DBPs are bromine-containing haloanilines. Seven of them, including methoxy derivatives, were first discovered in the present study. One more novel class of DBPs associated with bromhexine and ambroxol is represented by halogenated indazoles formed through dealkylation of the primary transformation products containing pyrazoline or tetrahydropyrimidine cycle in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolay V. Ulyanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (S.A.S.); (I.S.V.); (A.T.L.); (D.S.K.)
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5
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Han Y, Gu X, Lin C, He M, Wang Y. Effects of COVID-19 on coastal and marine environments: Aggravated microplastic pollution, improved air quality, and future perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141900. [PMID: 38579953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2023 has wrought adverse impacts on coastal and marine environments. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the collateral effects of COVID-19 on these ecosystems through literature review and bibliometric analysis. According to the output and citation analysis of these publications, researchers from the coastal countries in Asia, Europe, and America payed more attentions to this environmental issue than other continents. Specifically, India, China, and USA were the top three countries in the publications, with the proportion of 19.55%, 18.99%, and 12.01%, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly aggravated the plastic and microplastic pollution in coastal and marine environments by explosive production and unproper management of personal protective equipment (PPE). During the pandemic, the estimated mismanaged PPE waste ranged from 16.50 t/yr in Sweden to 250,371.39 t/yr in Indonesia. In addition, the PPE density ranged from 1.13 × 10-5 item/m2 to 2.79 item/m2 in the coastal regions worldwide, showing significant geographical variations. Besides, the emerging contaminants released from PPE into the coastal and marine environments cannot be neglected. The positive influence was that the COVID-19 lockdown worldwide reduced the release of air pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter, NO2, CO, and SO2) and improved the air quality. The study also analyzed the relationships between sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the publications and revealed the dynamic changes of SDGs in different periods the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, the air was cleaner due to the lockdown, but the coastal and marine contamination of plastic, microplastic, and emerging contaminants got worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Last but not least, the study proposed four strategies to deal with the coastal and marine pollution caused by COVID-19, which were regular marine monitoring, performance of risk assessment, effective regulation of plastic wastes, and close international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Li X, Li L, Tang L, Mei J, Fu J. Unveiling combined ecotoxicity: Interactions and impacts of engineered nanoparticles and PPCPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170746. [PMID: 38342466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are of great concern because of their wide distribution and incomplete removal in conventional wastewater and soil treatment processes. The production and usage of ENPs and PPCPs inevitably result in their coexistence in different environmental media, thus posing various risks to organisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the existing literature on the physicochemical interactions between ENPs and PPCPs and their effects on organisms is rather limited. Therefore, this paper summarized the ecotoxicity of combined ENPs and PPCPs by discussing: (1) the interactions between ENPs and PPCPs, including processes such as aggregation, adsorption, transformation, and desorption, considering the influence of environmental factors like pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic matter, and temperature; (2) the effects of these interactions on bioaccumulation, bioavailability and biotoxicity in organisms at different trophic levels; (3) the impacted of ENPs and PPCPs on cellular-level biological process. This review elucidated the potential ecological hazards associated with the interaction of ENPs and PPCPs, and serves as a foundation for future investigations into the ecotoxicity and mode of action of ENPs, PPCPs, and their co-occurring metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China.
| | - Jingting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China.
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Andrade HND, Oliveira JFD, Siniscalchi LAB, Costa JDD, Fia R. Global insight into the occurrence, treatment technologies and ecological risk of emerging contaminants in sanitary sewers: Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171075. [PMID: 38402973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused changes in the consumption of prescribed/non-prescribed drugs and the population's habits, influencing the detection and concentration of emerging contaminants (ECs) in sanitary sewage and harming environmental and health risks. Therefore, the present work sought to discuss current literature data on the effects of the "COVID-19 pandemic factor" on the quality of raw sewage produced over a five-year period (2018-2019: pre-pandemic; 2020-2022: during the pandemic) and biological, physical, chemical and hybrid treatment technologies, influencing factors in the removal of ECs and potential ecological risks (RQs). Seven hundred thirty-one publications correlating sewage and COVID-19 were identified: 184 pre-pandemic and 547 during the pandemic. Eight classes and 37 ECs were detected in sewage between 2018 and 2022, with the "COVID-19 pandemic factor" promoting an increase in estrogens (+31,775 %), antibiotics (+19,544 %), antiepileptics and antipsychotics (+722 %), pesticides (+200 %), analgesics, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants (+173 %), and stimulant medications (+157 %) in sanitary sewage. Among the treatment systems, aerated reactors integrated into biomembranes removed >90 % of cephalexin, clarithromycin, ibuprofen, estrone, and 17β-estradiol. The absorption, adsorption, and biodegradation mechanisms of planted wetland systems contributed to better cost-benefit in reducing the polluting load of sewage ECs in the COVID-19 pandemic, individually or integrated into the WWTP. The COVID-19 pandemic factor increased the potential ecological risks (RQs) for aquatic organisms by 40 %, with emphasis on clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole, which changed from negligible risk and low risk to (very) high risk and caffeine with RQ > 2500. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic intensified physiological, metabolic, and physical changes to different organisms in aquatic biota by ECs during 2020 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Nascimento de Andrade
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil
| | - Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Joseane Dunga da Costa
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, UFERSA, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte 59900-000, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Fia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
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Guo K, Liu Y, Peng J, Qi W, Liu H. Chlorination of antiviral drug ribavirin: Kinetics, nontargeted identification, and concomitant toxicity evolution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133478. [PMID: 38359766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Residual antiviral drugs in wastewater may increase the risk of generating transformation products (TPs) during wastewater treatment. Therefore, chlorination behavior and toxicity evolution are essential to understand the secondary ecological risk associated with their TPs. Herein, chlorination kinetics, transformation pathways, and secondary risks of ribavirin (RBV), one of the most commonly used broad-spectrum antivirals, were investigated. The pH-dependent second-order rate constants k increased from 0.18 M-1·s-1 (pH 5.8) to 1.53 M-1·s-1 (pH 8.0) due to neutral RBV and ClO- as dominant species. 12 TPs were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry in a nontargeted approach, of which 6 TPs were reported for the first time, and their chlorination pathways were elucidated. The luminescence inhibition rate of Vibrio fischeri exposed to chlorinated RBV solution was positively correlated with initial free active chlorine, probably due to the accumulation of toxic TPs. Quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction identified 7 TPs with elevated toxicity, concentrating on developmental toxicity and bioconcentration factors, which explained the increased toxicity of chlorinated RBV. Overall, this study highlights the urgent need to minimize the discharge of toxic chlorinated TPs into aquatic environments and contributes to environmental risk control in future pandemics and regions with high consumption of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Guo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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9
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Petromelidou S, Anagnostopoulou K, Koronaiou LA, Kalaronis D, Ainali NM, Evgenidou E, Papageorgiou M, Christodoulou A, Lioumbas I, Kyzas GZ, Mitropoulos A, Bikiaris DN, Lambropoulou DA. Exploring patterns of antibiotics during and after COVID-19 pandemic in wastewaters of northern Greece: Potential adverse effects on aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169832. [PMID: 38190919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics, recognized as Emerging Contaminants (ECs), have raised concerns due to their pervasive presence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and subsequent release into aquatic environments, posing potential ecological risks and contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted an unprecedented surge in antibiotic consumption, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of its impact on antibiotic levels in wastewater. In this light, a four-year monitoring study (2020-2023) was conducted in a WWTP located in the Northern Greece (Thessaloniki), employing High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) technology to monitor twenty antibiotics, during distinct phases pre-, during, and post-COVID-19. Our findings revealed that macrolides and fluoroquinolones were among the most often detected categories during the sampling period. Among the compounds detected, azithromycin and clarithromycin showed the most significant increases during the pandemic, doubling their average concentrations. This establishes a clear correlation between the rise in their concentrations and the incidence of COVID-19 cases. A general downward trend after 2021 was attributed to the new restrictions posed in Greece during this year, regarding the liberal prescription of antibiotics. Seasonal variation revealed a minute augmentation of antibiotics' use during the months that infections are increased. Additionally, the study highlights the ecological risks associated with elevated antibiotic presence and emphasizes the need for continued monitoring and regulatory measures to mitigate potential ecological repercussions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between antibiotic consumption, environmental presence, and the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on antibiotic pollution in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Petromelidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Lelouda-Athanasia Koronaiou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kalaronis
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Greece
| | - Eleni Evgenidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Matthildi Papageorgiou
- EYATH S.A., Thessaloniki Water Supply & Sewerage Company, Egnatias 127, GR 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Christodoulou
- EYATH S.A., Thessaloniki Water Supply & Sewerage Company, Egnatias 127, GR 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lioumbas
- EYATH S.A., Thessaloniki Water Supply & Sewerage Company, Egnatias 127, GR 54635, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala GR-654 04, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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10
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Han M, Liang J, Jin B, Wang Z, Wu W, Arp HPH. Machine learning coupled with causal inference to identify COVID-19 related chemicals that pose a high concern to drinking water. iScience 2024; 27:109012. [PMID: 38352231 PMCID: PMC10863329 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Various synthetic substances were utilized in large quantities during the recent coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19. Some of these chemicals could potentially enter drinking water sources. Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have been recognized as a threat to drinking water resources. It has not yet been assessed how many COVID-19 related substances could be considered PMT substances. One reason is the lack of high-quality experimental data for the identification of PMT substances. To solve this problem, we applied a machine learning model to identify the PMT substances among COVID-19 related chemicals. The optimal model achieved an accuracy of 90.6% based on external test data. The model interpretation and causal inference indicated that our approach understood causation between PMT properties and molecular descriptors. Notably, the screening results showed that over 60% of the COVID-19 chemicals considered are candidate PMT substances, which should be prioritized to prevent undue pollution of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10069, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Liang
- School of Software, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10069, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Wanlu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Hans Peter H. Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Wu H, Bin L, Guo P, Zhao Y, Chen C, Chen Z, Tang B. Ecological risk assessment of the typical anti-epidemic drugs in the Pearl River Delta by tracing their source and residual characteristics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132914. [PMID: 37939565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the anti-epidemic drugs have been used in extraordinary quantities with high intensity, and concerns have grown about their potential ecological risks due to their continued release and persistence in the receiving environments. A systematic investigation, covering the samples from hospital wastewater, effluent from wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR), was carried out and aimed at tracing the sources and fate of 30 typical anti-epidemic in different water matrixes and evaluating their ecological risk. The results showed that these typical anti-epidemic drugs residues were detected in most of the sampling sites, with the highest concentration measured in hospital wastewater, whose concentrations were as high as ppb level, while the highest concentration of the surface water samples in tributaries was lower than ppb level. Anti-epidemic drugs contained in hospital wastewater and effluent from WWTPs were the main sources of drug residues in the surface water of this region. In the surface water of PRDR, although the detected concentration anti-epidemic drugs were basically in the range of 0-10 ng/L. The risk quotient of several anti-epidemic drugs, including Ciprofloxacin (CFX), Ofloxacin (OFX), Erythromycin (ETM), Clindamycin (CLI), and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), was calculated to be a high value, which indicated that they might cause non-negligible ecological risk to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Liying Bin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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12
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Hu S, Zhao J, Fang S, Guo K, Qi W, Liu H. Neurotoxic effects of chloroquine and its main transformation product formed after chlorination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168043. [PMID: 37898196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical transformation products (TPs) generated during wastewater treatment have become an environmental concern. However, there is limited understanding regarding the TPs produced from pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. In this study, chloroquine (CQ), which was extensively used for treating coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infections during the pandemic, was selected for research. We identified and fractionated the main TP produced from CQ during chlorine disinfection and investigated the neurotoxic effects of CQ and its main TP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Halogenated TP353 was observed as one of the main TPs produced from CQ during chlorine disinfection. Zebrafish embryos test revealed that TP353 caused higher neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae, as compared to the CQ, and that was accompanied by significantly decreased expression levels of the genes related to central nervous system development (e.g., gfap, syn2a, and elavl3), inhibited activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced GFP fluorescence intensity of motor neuron axons in transgenic larvae (hb9-GFP), and reduced total swimming distance and swimming velocity of larvae during light-dark transition stimulation. The results of this study can potentially be utilized as a theoretical reference for future evaluations of environmental risks associated with CQ and its related TPs. This work presents a methodology for assessing the environmental hazards linked to the discharge of pharmaceutical TPs after wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Hu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kehui Guo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Lee S, Choi Y, Kang D, Jeon J. Proposal for priority emerging pollutants in the Nakdong river, Korea: Application of EU watch list mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122838. [PMID: 37918771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The Nakdong River, the longest in Korea, has received numerous pollutants from heavily industrialized and densely populated areas while being used as a drinking water source. A number of research have reported occurrences of emerging pollutants (EPs) in the river. The results requested efficient monitoring and systematic management strategies such as EU watch list under Water Framework Directive. The aim of this study is to propose a watch list through preliminary monitoring of the river and risk-based prioritization approach. As candidates for monitoring target, 632 substances were selected based on literature and database searches. Among them, 175 substances were subjected to target screening method whereas 457 were evaluated via suspect screening. A risk-based prioritization was applied to substances quantified through target screening based on concentrations, and a scoring-based prioritization was applied to substances tentatively identified through suspect screening. Sampling campaigns (n = 12) were conducted from October 2020 to September 2021, at 8 sampling sites along the river. As a result, 130 target substances were quantified above the LOQ. Among the 21 substances whose priority score was assigned through risk-based prioritization, telmisartan and iprobenfos were identified with very high environmental risk while candesartan, TBEP, imidacloprid, azithromycin and clotrimazole were classified with high or intermediate risk. As result of the scoring system for 39 tentatively identified substances, 6 substances (benzophenone, caprolactam, metolachlor oxanilic acid, heptaethylene glycol, octaethylene glycol and pentaethylene glycol), which were then confirmed with reference standards, showed a potential environmental risk. Those substances prioritized through target and suspect screening followed by scoring systems can be a subset for the watch list and potential targets for nationwide water quality monitoring program in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; Water Environmental Safety Management Dept., Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water), 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea.
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14
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Kumar M, Mazumder P, Silori R, Manna S, Panday DP, Das N, Sethy SK, Kuroda K, Mahapatra DM, Mahlknecht J, Tyagi VK, Singh R, Zang J, Barceló D. Prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics and co-infecting microbes in the post-COVID-19 era and its implications on antimicrobial resistance and potential endocrine disruptive effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166419. [PMID: 37625721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic's steady condition coupled with predominance of emerging contaminants in the environment and its synergistic implications in recent times has stoked interest in combating medical emergencies in this dynamic environment. In this context, high concentrations of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), microplastics (MPs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and soaring coinfecting microbes, tied with potential endocrine disruptive (ED) are critical environmental concerns that requires a detailed documentation and analysis. During the pandemic, the identification, enumeration, and assessment of potential hazards of PPCPs and MPs and (used as anti-COVID-19 agents/applications) in aquatic habitats have been attempted globally. Albeit receding threats in the magnitude of COVID-19 infections, both these pollutants have still posed serious consequences to aquatic ecosystems and the very health and hygiene of the population in the vicinity. The surge in the contaminants post-COVID also renders them to be potent vectors to harbor and amplify AMR. Pertinently, the present work attempts to critically review such instances to understand the underlying mechanism, interactions swaying the current health of our environment during this post-COVID-19 era. During this juncture, although prevention of diseases, patient care, and self-hygiene have taken precedence, nevertheless antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts have been overlooked. Unnecessary usage of PPCPs and plastics during the pandemic has resulted in increased emerging contaminants (i.e., active pharmaceutical ingredients and MPs) in various environmental matrices. It was also noticed that among COVID-19 patients, while the bacterial co-infection prevalence was 0.2-51%, the fungi, viral, protozoan and helminth were 0.3-49, 1-22, 2-15, 0.4-15% respectively, rendering them resistant to residual PPCPs. There are inevitable chances of ED effects from PPCPs and MPs applied previously, that could pose far-reaching health concerns. Furthermore, clinical and other experimental evidence for many newer compounds is very scarce and demands further research. Pro-active measures targeting effective waste management, evolved environmental policies aiding strict regulatory measures, and scientific research would be crucial in minimizing the impact and creating better preparedness towards such events among the masses fostering sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Durga Prasad Panday
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nilotpal Das
- ENCORE Insoltech Pvt. Ltd, Randesan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382421, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Sethy
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939 0398, Japan
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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15
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Guo Z, He H, Liu K, Yang S, Li Z, Lai C, Liao Z, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. Sunlight-induced degradation of COVID-19 antivirals arbidol in natural aquatic environments: Mechanisms, pathways and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119113. [PMID: 37769471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Insights into COVID-19 antivirals' environmental fate and ecological risk are urgently required due to their increasing concentrations in aquatic environments, which have rarely been studied. Herein, we first investigated the photochemical transformation and the resulting alterations in toxicity of arbidol, an antiviral drug with relatively higher toxicity. The photolysis of arbidol was rapid with a rate constant of 0.106 min-1 due to its superior ultraviolet light absorption, in which the direct photolysis was predominated with a contribution of 91.5%. Despite its substantial photolysis, only 14.45% of arbidol was mineralized after 100 min, implying that arbidol and its products might have a long-term impact on aquatic environment. It was inferred that arbidol was photolyzed mainly via the loss of thiophenol, bromine, and alkylamine, based on twelve photolytic products identified. Notably, the experimental results demonstrated that the photolysis process increased the acute toxicity of arbidol, and the toxicity prediction indicated that the ecotoxicity of two photolytic products was very high with LC50 values below 0.1 mg/L. Due to the co-effect of multiple constituents, the photolytic rate observed in wastewater treatment plant effluent and in river water was comparable to that in ultra-pure water, while it was slightly enhanced in lake water. The presence of dissolved organic matter suppressed arbidol photolysis, while NO3- exhibited a promotion effect. These results would be of great significance to assess the fate and risk of COVID-19 antivirals in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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16
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Lam TK, Law JCF, Leung KSY. Hazardous radical-coupled transformation products of benzophenone-3 formed during manganese dioxide treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166481. [PMID: 37611723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Radical-coupled transformation products (TPs) have been identified as the byproducts of various transformation processes, including both natural attenuation and artificial treatments, of phenolic micropollutants. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), an organic UV filter of emerging concern, has been previously reported with ubiquitous occurrence in the natural environment and water bodies. Current research has demonstrated how TPs are formed from BP-3 when it is treated with manganese oxide (MnO2). The ecological and toxicological risks of these TPs have also been assessed. Polymerization of BP-3 through radical coupling was observed as the major pathway by which BP-3 is transformed when treated with MnO2. These radical-coupled TPs haven't shown further degradation after formation, suggesting their potential persistence once occurred in the environment. In silico experiments predict the radical-coupled TPs will increase in mobility, persistence and ecotoxicity. If true, they also represent an ever-increasing threat to the environment, ecosystems and, most immediately, aquatic living organisms. In addition, radical-coupled TPs produced by MnO2 transformation of BP-3 have shown escalated estrogenic activity compared to the parent compound. This suggests that radical coupling amplifies the toxicological impacts of parent compound. These results provide strong evidence that radical-coupled TPs with larger molecular sizes are having potential adverse impacts on the ecosystem and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Ki Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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17
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Durán-Álvarez JC, Prado B, Zanella R, Rodríguez M, Díaz S. Wastewater surveillance of pharmaceuticals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City and the Mezquital Valley: A comprehensive environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165886. [PMID: 37524191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study tracked five pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in Mexico City's sewage, namely, famotidine, indomethacin, dexamethasone, azithromycin, and ivermectin, which were used to treat COVID-19. The monitoring campaign was carried out over 30 months (May 2020 to November 2022), covering the five COVID-19 waves in Mexico. In the Central Emitter, the main sewage outflow, famotidine displayed levels of 132.57 ± 28.16 ng L-1 (range from < LOQ to 189.1 ng L-1), followed by indomethacin (average 672.46 ± 116.4 ng L-1, range from 516.7 to 945.2 ng L-1), dexamethasone (average 610.4 ± 225.7 ng L-1, range from 233.4 to 1044.5 ng L-1), azithromycin (average 4436.2 ± 903.6 ng L-1, range from 2873.7 to 5819.6 ng L-1), and ivermectin (average 3413.3 ± 1244.6 ng L-1, range from 1219.8 to 4622.4 ng L-1). The concentrations of dexamethasone, azithromycin and ivermectin were higher in sewage from a temporary COVID-19 care unit, by a factor of 3.48, 3.52 and 2.55, respectively, compared with those found in municipal wastewater. In the effluent of the Atotonilco Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP), which treats near 60 % of the Mexico City's sewage, famotidine was absent, while concentrations of indomethacin, dexamethasone, azithromycin and ivermectin were 78.2 %, 76.7 %, 74.4 %, and 88.1 % lower than those in the influent, respectively. The occurrence of PhACs in treated and untreated wastewater resulted in medium to high environmental risk since Mexico City's wastewater is reused for irrigation in the Mezquital Valley. There, PhACs were found in irrigation canals at lower levels than those observed in Mexico City throughout the monitoring. On the other hand, famotidine, indomethacin, and dexamethasone were not found in surface water resulting from the infiltration of wastewater through soil in Mezquital Valley, while azithromycin and ivermectin sporadically appeared in surface water samples collected through 2021. Using an optimized risk assessment based on a semi-probabilistic approach, the PhACs were prioritized as ivermectin > azithromycin > dexamethasone > famotidine > indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Durán-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICAT-UNAM), Circuito Exterior S/N, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Prado
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510 Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Zanella
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICAT-UNAM), Circuito Exterior S/N, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICAT-UNAM), Circuito Exterior S/N, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Suhaila Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510 Mexico, Mexico
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18
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Zhang L, Zhu Z, Zhao M, He J, Zhang X, Hao F, Du P. Occurrence, removal, emission and environment risk of 32 antibiotics and metabolites in wastewater treatment plants in Wuhu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165681. [PMID: 37481090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered important sources of antibiotics and metabolites in aquatic environments and pose a serious threat to the safety of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the seasonal occurrence, removal, emission, and environmental risk assessment (ERA) of 32 antibiotics and metabolites at four WWTPs located in Wuhu, China. The main findings of this study are as follows: Ofloxacin concentrations dominated all WWTPs, and large quantities of sulfachinoxalin were only detected in WWTP 2 treating mixed sewage. The average apparent removal of individual parent antibiotics or metabolites ranged from -94.7 to 100 %. There was a noticeable seasonal emission pattern (independent t-test, t = 9.89, p < 0.001), with lower emissions observed during summer. WWTPs discharged 85.2 ± 43.8 g of antibiotics and metabolites each day. Approximately 87 % of emissions were discharged into the mainstream of the Yangtze River, while the remainder were discharged into its tributary, the Zhanghe River. The total emissions of 21 parent antibiotics were approximately 18 % of the prescription data, indicating that a considerable and alarming amount of prototype drugs entered the receiving water body. Based on the risk quotient (RQ) of the ERA, the Zhanghe River has a moderate risk of ofloxacin (RQ = 0.111-0.583), a low or insignificant risk of sulfamethoxazole (RQ = 0.003-0.048), and an insignificant risk of other antibiotics or metabolites. However, the risk of antibiotics or metabolites in the mainstream of Yangtze River is insignificant. This study could help understand the seasonal emission patterns of antibiotics and metabolites, as well as more antibiotics sensitive of environmental risks in tributary than that in mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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19
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Hassaan MA, El-Nemr MA, Elkatory MR, Ragab S, Niculescu VC, El Nemr A. Principles of Photocatalysts and Their Different Applications: A Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:31. [PMID: 37906318 PMCID: PMC10618379 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Human existence and societal growth are both dependent on the availability of clean and fresh water. Photocatalysis is a type of artificial photosynthesis that uses environmentally friendly, long-lasting materials to address energy and environmental issues. There is currently a considerable demand for low-cost, high-performance wastewater treatment equipment. By changing the structure, size, and characteristics of nanomaterials, the use of nanotechnology in the field of water filtration has evolved dramatically. Semiconductor-assisted photocatalysis has recently advanced to become among the most promising techniques in the fields of sustainable energy generation and ecological cleanup. It is environmentally beneficial, cost-effective, and strictly linked to the zero waste discharge principle used in industrial effluent treatment. Owing to the reduction or removal of created unwanted byproducts, the green synthesis of photoactive nanomaterial is more beneficial than chemical synthesis approaches. Furthermore, unlike chemical synthesis methods, the green synthesis method does not require the use of expensive, dangerous, or poisonous ingredients, making it a less costly, easy, and environmental method for photocatalyst synthesis. This work focuses on distinct greener synthesis techniques utilized for the production of new photocatalysts, including metals, metal doped-metal oxides, metal oxides, and plasmonic nanostructures, including the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to the design and selection of an innovative photocatalyst in the context of energy and environmental challenges. A brief overview of the industrial and environmental applications of photocatalysts is also presented. Finally, an overview and recommendations for future research are given to create photocatalytic systems with greatly improved stability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Marwa R Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies-ICSI Rm. Valcea, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050, Valcea, Romania
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Department, Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, 21556, Alexandria, Egypt.
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20
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Guo X, Lv M, Song L, Ding J, Man M, Fu L, Lu S, Hou L, Chen L. Profiling of the spatiotemporal distribution, risks, and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132163. [PMID: 37515990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have aroused global concerns due to their ubiquitous occurrence and detrimental effects. The spatiotemporal distributions of 64 PPCPs and their synergetic ecological risks were comprehensively investigated in the seawater of Yantai Bay, and 1 H-benzotriazole (BT), ethenzamide, phenazone, propyphenazone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone and N, N'-diphenylurea were first determined in the seawater of China. Fifty-six PPCPs were detected and their concentrations were 27.5-182 ng/L, with BT contributing around 58.0%. Higher PPCP concentrations were observed in winter and spring, with the concentrations of antioxidants, analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs and human-used antibiotics significantly higher in winter, while those of aquaculture-used antibiotics and UV filters significantly higher in summer, which was closely related with their usage patterns. Positive correlations were observed for PPCP concentrations between surface and bottom water, except summer, during which time the weak vertical exchange and varied environmental behaviors among different PPCPs resulted in the distinct compositions and concentrations. Terrestrial inputs and mariculture resulted in higher PPCP concentrations in the area located adjacent to the coast and aquaculture bases. The PPCP mixtures posed medium to high risk to crustaceans, and bisphenol A was identified as a high-risk pollutant that needs special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lehui Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mingsan Man
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Longwen Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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21
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Lu X, Mao T, Dai Y, Zhu L, Li X, Ao Y, Wang H. Azithromycin exposure during pregnancy disturbs the fetal development and its characteristic of multi-organ toxicity. Life Sci 2023; 329:121985. [PMID: 37516432 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Azithromycin is widely used in clinical practice for treating maternal infections during pregnancy. Meanwhile, azithromycin, as an "emerging pollutant", is increasingly polluting the environment due to the rapidly increasing usage (especially after the COVID-19). Previous studies have suggested a possible teratogenic risk of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE), but its effects on fetal multi-organ development are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential impacts of PAzE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We focused on pregnancy outcomes, maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, and fetal multiple organ development in mice at different doses (50/200 mg/kg·d) during late pregnancy or at 200 mg/kg·d during different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy) and courses (single-/multi-course). KEY FINDINGS The results showed PAzE increased the rate of the absorbed fetus during mid-pregnancy and increased the intrauterine growth retardation rate (IUGR) during late pregnancy. PAzE caused multiple blood phenotypic changes in maternal and fetal mice, among which the number and degree of changes in fetal blood indicators were more significant. Moreover, PAzE inhibited long bone/cartilage development and adrenal steroid synthesis, promoting hepatic lipid production and ovarian steroid synthesis in varying degrees. The order of severity might be bone/cartilage > liver > gonads > other organs. PAzE-induced multi-organ alterations differed in stages, courses doses and fetal sex. The most apparent changes might be in high-dose, mid-pregnancy, multi-course, and female, while there was no typical rule for a dose-response relationship. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirmed PAzE could cause fetal developmental abnormalities and multi-organ functional alterations, which deepens the comprehensive understanding of azithromycin's fetal developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tongyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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22
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Stipaničev D, Dragun Z, Repec S, Ivanković D, Barac F, Kiralj Z, Kralj T, Valić D. Dynamics of drug contamination of the river-water in the rural, semirural and urban areas of the Mrežnica River in Croatia during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93652-93666. [PMID: 37515617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals could have been expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Surface water from three domains (rural, semirural, urban) of the Mrežnica River (Croatia) was screened for 253 pharmaceuticals by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. At the beginning of the pandemic, the highest concentration of drugs (excluding veterinary) was detected at urban site (291.4 ng/L), followed by semirural (186.5 ng/L) and rural (141.6 ng/L). With the progression of pandemic, contamination increase was observed at all sites, but it was the most obvious at semirural (approximately 400-700 ng/L). The most pronounced concentration increases were observed for non-opioid analgesics, especially ibuprofen. In September 2021, the first notable occurrence of opioid analgesics was recorded. The most represented group of pharmaceuticals at the start of the pandemic (May 2020) was generally stimulants (caffeine, cotinine). In September 2021, the predominant group was analgesics at all sites (45-84%), whereas stimulants decreased to undetectable levels. The results of this study indicated that the epidemiological measures and medical treatments that were widely imposed/applied caused notable increase of the surface water contamination with drugs of a small river with limited dilution capacity, indirectly pointing to the changes that occurred in the behaviour and habits of the inhabitants of the affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Draženka Stipaničev
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Barac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Kiralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Valić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Qadeer A, Rui G, Yaqing L, Ran D, Liu C, Jing D, Anis M, Liu M, Wang S, Jiang X, Zhao X. A mega study of antibiotics contamination in Eastern aquatic ecosystems of China: occurrence, interphase transfer processes, ecotoxicological risks, and source modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131980. [PMID: 37421858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the occurrence, sources, transfer mechanisms, fugacity, and ecotoxicological risks of antibiotics play a pivotal role in improving the sustainability and ecological health of freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, in order to determine the levels of antibiotics, water and sediment samples were collected from multiple Eastern freshwater ecosystems (EFEs) of China, including Luoma Lake (LML), Yuqiao Reservoir (YQR), Songhua Lake (SHL), Dahuofang Reservoir (DHR), and Xiaoxingkai Lake (XKL), and were analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). EFEs regions are particularly interesting due to higher urban density, industrialization, and diverse land use in China. The findings revealed that a collective total of 15 antibiotics categorized into four families, which included sulfonamides (SAs), fluoroquinolones (FQs), tetracyclines (TCs), and macrolides (MLs), exhibited high detection frequencies, indicating widespread antibiotic contamination. The pollution levels in the water phase were in the order of LML > DHR > XKL > SHL > YQR. The sum concentration of individual antibiotics for each water body ranged from not detected (ND) to 57.48 ng/L (LML), ND to 12.25 ng/L (YQR), ND to 57.7 ng/L (SHL), ND to 40.50 ng/L (DHR), and ND to 26.30 ng/L (XKL) in the water phase. Similarly, in the sediment phase, the sum concentration of individual antibiotics ranged from ND to 15.35 ng/g, ND to 198.75 ng/g, ND to 1233.34 ng/g, ND to 388.44 ng/g, and ND to 862.19 ng/g, for LML, YQR, SHL, DHR, and XKL, respectively. Interphase fugacity (ffsw) and partition coefficient (Kd) indicated dominant resuspension of antibiotics from sediment to water, causing secondary pollution in EFEs. Two groups of antibiotics, namely MLs (erythromycin, azithromycin, and roxithromycin) and FQs (ofloxacin and enrofloxacin), showed a medium-high level of adsorption tendency on sediment. Source modeling (PMF5.0) identified wastewater treatment plants, sewage, hospitals, aquaculture, and agriculture as the major antibiotic pollution sources in EFEs, contributing between 6% and 80% to different aquatic bodies. Finally, the ecological risk posed by antibiotics ranged from medium to high in EFEs. This study offers valuable insights into the levels, transfer mechanisms, and risks associated with antibiotics in EFEs, enabling the formulation of large-scale policies for pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yaqing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Anis
- School of Sciences, Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
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24
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Liu Y, Tang Y, He Y, Liu H, Tao S, Liu W. Riverine inputs, spatiotemporal variations, and potential sources of phthalate esters transported into the Bohai Sea from an urban river in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163253. [PMID: 37011678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic activities on pollutant transport and inputs to the sea remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of sewage discharge and dam interception on riverine inputs, spatiotemporal variations, and potential sources of phthalate esters (PAEs) throughout the Haihe River, one of the largest rivers in northern China. Based on seasonal observations, the yearly inputs of the total concentrations of 24 PAE species (Σ24PAEs) from the Haihe River to the adjacent Bohai Sea were in the range of 5.28-19.52 tons, a considerable amount compared with those of other large rivers worldwide. The value of Σ24PAEs in the water column ranged from 1.17 to 15.46 μg/L and showed the following overall seasonal pattern: normal season > wet season > dry season, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (31.0 ± 11.9 %), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (23.4 ± 14.1 %), and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) (17.2 ± 5.4 %) as the dominant components. Σ24PAEs were higher in the surface layer, slightly lower in the intermediate layer, and higher in the bottom layer. Σ24PAEs increased from the suburban section to the urban and industrial sections, which may indicate the effects of runoff, biodegradation, regional urbanization, and industrialization levels. The Erdaozha Dam intercepted 0.29-1.27 tons of Σ24PAEs inputs into the sea, but induced a substantial quantity accumulated behind the dam. The dominant sources of PAEs were the basic residential necessities (18.2-25.5 %) and industrial production (29.1-53.0 %). This study provides insights into the direct effects of sewage discharge and river dams on the inputs and variations in the PAEs entering the sea, which can be leveraged to manage and control PAEs in megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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25
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Chen M, Hong Y, Jin X, Guo C, Zhao X, Liu N, Lu H, Liu Y, Xu J. Ranking the risks of eighty pharmaceuticals in surface water of a megacity: A multilevel optimization strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163184. [PMID: 37001676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in freshwater posed ecological risks to aquatic ecosystem, however, most risk assessments of pharmaceuticals were conducted at screening level, which were limited by the availability of the toxicity data. In this study, risks of 80 pharmaceuticals including 35 antibiotics, 13 antiviral drugs, 13 illicit drugs, and 19 antidepressants in surface water of Beijing were assessed with a proposed multilevel environmental risk optimization strategy. Target pharmaceuticals were detected in surface water samples with the detection frequency from 1.7 % to 100 % and the total concentrations from 31.1 ng/L to 2708 ng/L. Antiviral drugs were the dominant pharmaceuticals. Preliminary screening-level risk assessment indicated that 20 pharmaceuticals posed low to high risks with risk quotient from 0.14 (chloroquine diphosphate) to 27.8 (clarithromycin). Thirteen pharmaceuticals were recognized with low to high risks by an optimized risk assessment method. Of them, the refined probabilistic risk assessment of joint probability curves coupling with a quantitative structure activity relationship-interspecies correlation estimation (QSAR-ICE) model was applied. Clarithromycin, erythromycin and ofloxacin were identified to pose low risks with maximum risk products (RP) of 1.23 %, 0.41 % and 0.35 %, respectively, while 10 pharmaceuticals posed de minimis risks. Structural equation modeling disclosed that human land use and climate conditions influenced the risks of pharmaceuticals by indirectly influencing the concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The results indicated that the multilevel strategy coupling with QSAR-ICE model was appropriate and effective for screening priority pollutants, and the strategy can be used to prioritize pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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26
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Guo Z, He H, Liu K, Li Z, Yang S, Liao Z, Lai C, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. The photolytic behavior of COVID-19 antivirals ribavirin in natural waters and the increased environmental risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131320. [PMID: 37002997 PMCID: PMC10043975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drug residues in aquatic environments have been caused by the abuse of antivirals since the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, whereas research on the photolytic mechanism, pathways and toxicity of these drugs is limited. The concentration of COVID-19 antivirals ribavirin in rivers has been reported to increase after the epidemic. Its photolytic behavior and environmental risk in actual waters such as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, river water and lake water were first investigated in this study. Direct photolysis of ribavirin in these media was limited, but indirect photolysis was promoted in WWTP effluent and lake water by dissolved organic matter and NO3-. Identification of photolytic intermediates suggested that ribavirin was photolyzed mainly via C-N bond cleavage, splitting of the furan ring and oxidation of the hydroxyl group. Notably, the acute toxicity was increased after ribavirin photolysis owing to the higher toxicity of most of the products. Additionally, the overall toxicity was greater when ARB photolysis in WWTP effluent and lake water. These findings emphasize the necessity to concern about the toxicity of ribavirin transformation in natural waters, as well as to limit its usage and discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zihui Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
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Aydın S, Ulvi A, Bedük F, Aydın ME. Efficient Removal of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents Using Magnetite Nanoparticles Synthesized Red Mud. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:384. [PMID: 37323133 PMCID: PMC10249540 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the consumption of pharmaceuticals, especially paracetamol, has sharply increased on a global scale. The increasing concentration of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (AAIDs) in the aquatic medium is a global problem for human and aquatic life. Therefore, simple and effective treatment options for removing AAIDs from wastewater after the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The removal of AAIDs (acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and phenylbutazone) from sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents by the prepared magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from red mud (mNPs-RM) is presented for the first time in this study. The removal efficiencies of AAIDs onto mNPs-RM were determined to be between 90% (diclofenac) and 100% (naproxen, codeine, and indomethacin). Acetaminophen (paracetamol) was used as a model compound in kinetic and isotherm model studies. The adsorption of acetaminophen was matched well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Film diffusion governed its rate mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm model preferably fitted the adsorption data with an adsorption capacity of 370 mg/g at 120 min contact time at pH 7.0 at 25 °C. Furthermore, the regenerated mNPs-RM were used four times without affecting the adsorption capacity and the magnetic separability. mNPs-RM can be used as a simple, inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing AAIDs from STP effluents. Also, low cost adsorbent obtained from industrial waste could be employed to replace the high cost activated carbons for the adsorption of other micro pollutants in STP effluents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06404-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senar Aydın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Arzu Ulvi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Bedük
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydın
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
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28
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Hu S, Fang S, Zhao J, Wang G, Qi W, Zhang G, Huang C, Qu J, Liu H. Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Based Identification of Chlorine Disinfection Products of the Anti-COVID-19 Drug Chloroquine Phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7913-7923. [PMID: 37188658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral transformation products (TPs) generated during wastewater treatment are an environmental concern, as their discharge, in considerable amounts, into natural waters during a pandemic can pose possible risks to the aquatic environment. Identification of the hazardous TPs generated from antivirals during wastewater treatment is important. Herein, chloroquine phosphate (CQP), which was widely used during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, was selected for research. We investigated the TPs generated from CQP during water chlorination. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were used to assess the developmental toxicity of CQP after water chlorination, and hazardous TPs were estimated using effect-directed analysis (EDA). Principal component analysis revealed that the developmental toxicity induced by chlorinated samples could be relevant to the formation of some halogenated TPs. Fractionation of the hazardous chlorinated sample, along with the bioassay and chemical analysis, identified halogenated TP387 as the main hazardous TP contributing to the developmental toxicity induced by chlorinated samples. TP387 could also be formed in real wastewater during chlorination in environmentally relevant conditions. This study provides a scientific basis for the further assessment of environmental risks of CQP after water chlorination and describes a method for identifying unknown hazardous TPs generated from pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Hu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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29
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Xu X, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Zou H, Chen C. COVID-19 related antiviral drugs are less adsorbable on sediment under alkaline and high cation conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163736. [PMID: 37120016 PMCID: PMC10140464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented usage and elevated environmental concentrations of antiviral drugs. However, very limited studies have reported their sorption characteristics on environmental matrices. This study investigated the sorption of six COVID-19 related antivirals on Taihu Lake sediment with varied aqueous chemistry. Results showed that the sorption isotherms for arbidol (ABD), oseltamivir (OTV), and ritonavir (RTV) were linear, while the Freundlich model was the best-fit for ribavirin (RBV) and the Langmuir model for favipiravir (FPV) and remdesivir (RDV). Their distribution coefficient, Kd, varied between 5.051 L/kg to 248.6 L/kg with the sorption capacities ranked as FPV > RDV > ABD > RTV > OTV > RBV. Alkaline conditions (pH 9) and elevated cation strength (0.05 M to 0.1 M) decreased the sorption capacities of the sediment for these drugs. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the spontaneous sorption of RDV, ABD, and RTV was between physisorption and chemisorption while FPV, RBV, and OTV were mainly physisorption. Functional groups related to hydrogen bonds, π - π interaction, and surface complexation were implicated in the sorption processes. These findings enhance our understanding about the environmental fate of COVID-19 related antivirals and provide basic data for predicting their distribution and risk in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Peter Kiewit Institute, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, United States
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Guangzhou 510535, China.
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30
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Hu Z, Yang L, Liu Z, Han J, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Sheng Y, Zhu L, Hu B. Excessive disinfection aggravated the environmental prevalence of antimicrobial resistance during COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163598. [PMID: 37094669 PMCID: PMC10122561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, chemicals from excessive consumption of pharmaceuticals and disinfectants i.e., antibiotics, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and trihalomethanes (THMs), flowed into the urban environment, imposing unprecedented selective pressure to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To decipher the obscure character pandemic-related chemicals portrayed in altering environmental AMR, 40 environmental samples covering water and soil matrix from surroundings of Wuhan designated hospitals were collected on March 2020 and June 2020. Chemical concentrations and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles were revealed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and metagenomics. Selective pressure from pandemic-related chemicals ascended by 1.4-5.8 times in March 2020 and then declined to normal level of pre-pandemic period in June 2020. Correspondingly, the relative abundance of ARGs under increasing selective pressure was 20.1 times that under normal selective pressure. Moreover, effect from QACs and THMs in aggravating the prevalence of AMR was elaborated by null model, variation partition and co-occurrence network analyses. Pandemic-related chemicals, of which QACs and THMs respectively displayed close interaction with efflux pump genes and mobile genetic elements, contributed >50 % in shaping ARG profile. QACs bolstered the cross resistance effectuated by qacEΔ1 and cmeB to 3.0 times higher while THMs boosted horizon ARG transfer by 7.9 times for initiating microbial response to oxidative stress. Under ascending selective pressure, qepA encoding quinolone efflux pump and oxa-20 encoding β-lactamases were identified as priority ARGs with potential human health risk. Collectively, this research validated the synergistic effect of QACs and THMs in exacerbating environmental AMR, appealing for the rational usage of disinfectants and the attention for environmental microbes in one-health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihao Jin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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31
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Duarte JAP, Ribeiro AKN, de Carvalho P, Bortolini JC, Ostroski IC. Emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: phytoplankton structure in the presence of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46604-46617. [PMID: 36719587 PMCID: PMC9888349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals from anthropogenic activities such as domestic sewage, pesticide leaching, and improper chemical disposal have caused groundwater contamination. The presence of these emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment can change water quality and biota composition. Thus, this study investigates the effect of two emerging contaminants, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), on the aquatic environment, evaluating the phytoplankton community structure. A microcosm experiment was conducted with 16 sampling units, each one with 500 mL of water sample containing phytoplankton exposed to these drugs at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1). The experiment lasted 15 days, and samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 to evaluate the phytoplankton community, the concentrations of the drugs, and the nutrients in the samples. Six phytoplankton groups were identified, and diatoms and green algae were the most diverse and abundant groups. For the entire community, we identified differences between the days of the experiment, varying in the diversity and density of organisms, but not between the concentrations of the two drugs. Evaluating the groups separately, we identified differences in the abundance of cyanobacteria for the treatment with diclofenac and desmids for the treatment with sulfamethoxazole. We demonstrated that the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems can somehow affect the phytoplankton community, especially the diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria and desmids. Therefore, our study indicates the importance of evaluating the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and their influence on aquatic organisms, as well as pharmaceuticals may be changing the structure of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla de Carvalho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
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32
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Kuo YH, How CM, Huang CW, Yen PL, Yu CW, Chang CH, Liao VHC. Co-contaminants of ethinylestradiol and sulfamethoxazole in groundwater exacerbate ecotoxicity and ecological risk and compromise the energy budget of C. elegans. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106473. [PMID: 36871484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are among pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and regarded as emerging contaminants in groundwater worldwide. However, the ecotoxicity and potential risk of these co-contaminants remain unknown. We investigated the effects of early-life long-term co-exposure to EE2 and SMX in groundwater on life-history traits of Caenorhabditis elegans and determined potential ecological risks in groundwater. L1 larvae of wild-type N2 C. elegans were exposed to measured concentrations of EE2 (0.001, 0.75, 5.1, 11.8 mg/L) or SMX (0.001, 1, 10, 100 mg/L) or co-exposed to EE2 (0.75 mg/L, no observed adverse effect level derived from its reproductive toxicity) and SMX (0.001, 1, 10, 100 mg/L) in groundwater. Growth and reproduction were monitored on days 0 - 6 of the exposure period. Toxicological data were analyzed using DEBtox modeling to determine the physiological modes of action (pMoAs) and the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) to estimate ecological risks posed by EE2 and SMX in global groundwater. Early-life EE2 exposure significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of C. elegans, with lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) of 11.8 and 5.1 mg/L, respectively. SMX exposure impaired the reproductive capacity of C. elegans (LOAEL = 0.001 mg/L). Co-exposure to EE2 and SMX exacerbated ecotoxicity (LOAELs of 1 mg/L SMX for growth, and 0.001 mg/L SMX for reproduction). DEBtox modeling showed that the pMoAs were increased growth and reproduction costs for EE2 and increased reproduction costs for SMX. The derived PNEC falls within the range of detected environmental levels of EE2 and SMX in groundwater worldwide. The pMoAs for EE2 and SMX combined were increased growth and reproduction costs, resulting in lower energy threshold values than single exposure. Based on global groundwater contamination data and energy threshold values, we calculated risk quotients for EE2 (0.1 - 123.0), SMX (0.2 - 91.3), and combination of EE2 and SMX (0.4 - 341.1). Our findings found that co-contamination by EE2 and SMX exacerbates toxicity and ecological risk to non-target organisms, suggesting that the ecotoxicity and ecological risk of co-contaminants of pharmaceuticals should be considered to sustainably manage groundwater and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming How
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Wei Yu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Almeida A, De Mello-Sampayo C, Lopes A, Carvalho da Silva R, Viana P, Meisel L. Predicted Environmental Risk Assessment of Antimicrobials with Increased Consumption in Portugal during the COVID-19 Pandemic; The Groundwork for the Forthcoming Water Quality Survey. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040652. [PMID: 37107014 PMCID: PMC10135311 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental release of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals is an imminent threat due to ecological impacts and microbial resistance phenomena. The recent COVID-19 outbreak will likely lead to greater loads of antimicrobials in the environment. Thus, identifying the most used antimicrobials likely to pose environmental risks would be valuable. For that, the ambulatory and hospital consumption patterns of antimicrobials in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) were compared with those of 2019. A predicted risk assessment screening approach based on exposure and hazard in the surface water was conducted, combining consumption, excretion rates, and ecotoxicological/microbiological endpoints in five different regions of Portugal. Among the 22 selected substances, only rifaximin and atovaquone demonstrated predicted potential ecotoxicological risks for aquatic organisms. Flucloxacillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, meropenem, ceftriaxone, fosfomycin, and metronidazole showed the most significant potential for antibiotic resistance in all analysed regions. Regarding the current screening approach and the lack of environmental data, it is advisable to consider rifaximin and atovaquone in subsequent water quality surveys. These results might support the forthcoming monitorisation of surface water quality in a post-pandemic survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Almeida
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário de Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Cristina De Mello-Sampayo
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lopes
- Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), Rua da Murgueira, 9, 2610-124 Amadora, Portugal
| | - Rita Carvalho da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosafety Unit, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Viana
- Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), Rua da Murgueira, 9, 2610-124 Amadora, Portugal
| | - Leonor Meisel
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (L.M.)
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Chen Y, Tan Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Li P, Du Z, Yang L, Wu L, Cui S, Ding Y, Qi X, Zhang Z. Estimating Sources, Fluxes, and Ecological Risks of Antibiotics in the Wuhan Section of the Yangtze River, China: A Year-Long Investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:605-619. [PMID: 36582153 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the annual fluxes, environmental fate, and ecological risks of five categories of antibiotics from the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (China). All the 24 antibiotics we tested for were detected in water, with total concentrations of 17.11-867.2 ng/L (mean: 63.69 ng/L), and 19 antibiotics were detected in sediment, at 0.02-287.7 ng/g (mean: 16.54 ng/g). Sulfonamides, amphenicols, and macrolides were the three most prominent antibiotic classes in water, and fluoroquinolones were the most prominent in sediment. Farming activities (animal husbandry and aquaculture) are proposed as the largest contributors to antibiotic pollution in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River according to the Unmix model, followed by municipal wastewater and mixed sources. Higher pollution levels were observed downstream (combined discharge of these sources). Monthly monitoring data (12 months) were used to estimate antibiotic annual fluxes, with 101.5 t (uncertainty: 5.6%) in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Risk assessments showed that erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin posed medium and high ecological risks and were found in 9%-35% and 1.8%-3.7% of all water samples, respectively; enrofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol posed medium resistance risks in 1.9%-16.7% of waters in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Our results have filled data gaps on antibiotic sources, annual fluxes, and resistance risk in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River and demonstrated the importance of further management of antibiotic use in the studied areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:605-619. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yile Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfei Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Du
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Cui
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
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35
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Bhuyan A, Ahmaruzzaman M. Recent advances in new generation nanocomposite materials for adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39377-39417. [PMID: 36752919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid increase in the human population, a large amount of wastewater is generated every year. The availability of fresh water is decreasing at an alarming rate due to rapid industrialization and agricultural development. Pharmaceutical drugs which are credited for improving standards of life worldwide have emerged as major water contaminants, raising global concern about their potential risk to human health and environment. The presence of pharmaceutical compounds is detected in surface water (sea, river, lakes, etc.), groundwater, effluents from municipal, hospitals, and wastewater treatment plants, and even in drinking water. Efficient removal of pharmaceutical pollutants still remains a challenging task. Many techniques, including photodegradation, photocatalysis, oxidation, reverse osmosis, biodegradation, nanofiltration, adsorption, etc., have been used for the remediation of wastewater. Adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds on nanoadsorbents, as a low-cost and feasible technology, has gained immense popularity for wastewater treatment over the last decade. Adsorption techniques can be integrated with wastewater treatment plants to achieve efficient removal on an industrial level. Herein, we review the literature on the remediation techniques used for the pharmaceutical waste treatment using carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, nanoclay, and new-generation MXenes via adsorption. These materials show excellent adsorptive properties owing to their high surface area, low cost, high porosity, easy functionalization, and high surface reactivity. The adsorption mechanism of the nanoadsorbents and their reusability as a factor of sustainability have also been included in the review. The factors affecting the adsorption, including pH, the concentration of adsorbate, ionic strength, and adsorbate dose, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India
| | - Md Ahmaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India.
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36
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Recent Advancements in Deep Learning Frameworks for Precision Fish Farming Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications. J FOOD QUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4399512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of the fish is influenced by a variety of scientific factors. So, profit can be easily achieved by using some clever techniques, for example, maintaining the correct pH level along with the dissolved oxygen (DO) level and temperature, as well as turbidity for good growth of fish. Fully grown fish are generally sold at a good price because price of fish in the market is governed by weight as well as size of nurtured fish. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems may be created to regulate key water quality factors including salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. The software programme operates on an application server and is connected to multiparameter water quality meters in this system. This study examines smart fish farming methods that show how complicated science and technology may be simplified for use in seafood production. This research focuses on the use of artificial intelligence in fish culture in this setting. The technical specifics of DL approaches used in smart fish farming which includes data and algorithms as well as performance was also examined. In a nutshell, our goal is to provide academics and practitioners with a better understanding of the current state of the art in DL implementation in aquaculture, which will help them deploy smart fish farming applications as well their benefits.
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Jiang J, An Z, Li M, Huo Y, Zhou Y, Xie J, He M. Comparison of ribavirin degradation in the UV/H 2O 2 and UV/PDS systems: Reaction mechanism, operational parameter and toxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:109193. [PMID: 36569264 PMCID: PMC9767663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Residues in surface water of ribavirin, which used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, have become an emerging issue due to its adverse impact on the environment and human health. UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) have different degradation effects on ribavirin, and the same operational parameter have different effects on the two processes. In this study, the reaction mechanism and degradation efficiency for ribavirin were studied to compare the differences under UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS processes. We calculated the total rate constants of ribavirin with HO• and SO4 •- in the liquid phase as 2.73 × 108 and 9.39 × 105 M-1s-1. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed that HO• and SO4 •- react more readily with ribavirin via H-abstraction (HAA). The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring is difficult to undergo ring-opening degradation. The UV/PDS process was more stable and performed better than the UV/H2O2 for the ribavirin degradation when the same molar oxidant dosage was applied. HO• plays an extremely important role in the degradation of ribavirin by UV/PDS. The reason for this phenomenon is the combination of the higher yield of HO• produced in the UV/PDS process and the faster reaction rate of ribavirin with HO•. The UV/H2O2 process is more sensitive to pH than UV/PDS. Alkaline condition can significantly inhibit the ribavirin degradation. The effects of natural organic matter (NOM) and ribavirin concentration were also compared. Eventually, the toxicity prediction of the product showed that the opening-ring products were more toxic than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchan Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zexiu An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yanru Huo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Lin K, Wang R, Han T, Tan L, Yang X, Wan M, Chen Y, Zhao T, Jiang S, Wang J. Seasonal variation and ecological risk assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in a typical semi-enclosed bay - The Bohai Bay in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159682. [PMID: 36302405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Bay as a typical semi-enclosed bay in northern China with poor water exchange capacity and significant coastal urbanization, is greatly influenced by land-based inputs and human activities. As a class of pseudo-persistent organic pollutants, the spatial and temporal distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) is particularly important to the ecological environment, and it will be imperfect to assess the ecological risk of PPCPs for the lack of systematic investigation of their distribution in different season. 14 typical PPCPs were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution in the Bohai Bay by combining online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC-MS/MS techniques in this study, and their ecological risks to aquatic organisms were assessed by risk quotients (RQs) and concentration addition (CA) model. It was found that PPCPs widely presented in the Bohai Bay with significant differences of spatial and seasonal distribution. The concentrations of ∑PPCPs were higher in autumn than in summer. The distribution of individual pollutants also showed significant seasonal differences. The high values were mainly distributed in estuaries and near-shore outfalls. Mariculture activities in the northern part of the Bohai Bay made a greater contribution to the input of PPCPs. Caffeine, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin were the main pollutants in the Bohai Bay, with detection frequencies exceeding 80 %. The ecological risk of PPCPs to algae was significantly higher than that to invertebrates and fish. CA model indicated that the potential mixture risk of total PPCPs was not negligible, with 34 % and 88 % of stations having mixture risk in summer and autumn, respectively. The temporary stagnation of productive life caused by Covid-19 weakened the input of PPCPs to the Bohai Bay, reducing the cumulative effects of the pollutants. This study was the first full-coverage investigation of PPCPs in the Bohai Bay for different seasons, providing an important basis for the ecological risk assessment and pollution prevention of PPCPs in the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengmeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Application of O3/PMS Advanced Oxidation Technology in the Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Highly Concentrated Organic Wastewater: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ozone/peroxymonosulfate (O3/PMS) system has attracted widespread attention from researchers owing to its ability to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4•−) simultaneously. The existing research has shown that the O3/PMS system significantly degrades refinery trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in highly concentrated organic wastewater. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the O3/PMS system, which has created a significant loophole in its application in the treatment of highly concentrated organic wastewater. Hence, this paper reviewed the specific degradation effect, toxicity change, reaction mechanism, various influencing factors and the cause of oxidation byproducts (OBPs) of various TrOCs when the O3/PMS system is applied to the degradation of highly concentrated organic wastewater. In addition, the effects of different reaction conditions on the O3/PMS system were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, given the limited understanding of the O3/PMS system in the degradation of TrOCs and the formation of OBPs, an outlook on potential future research was presented. Finally, this paper comprehensively evaluated the degradation of TrOCs in highly concentrated organic wastewater by the O3/PMS system, filling the gaps in scale research, operation cost, sustainability and overall feasibility.
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Jin D, Lv Y, He D, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang T, Cheng F, Zhang YN, Sun J, Qu J. Photocatalytic degradation of COVID-19 related drug arbidol hydrochloride by Ti 3C 2 MXene/supramolecular g-C 3N 4 Schottky junction photocatalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136461. [PMID: 36122752 PMCID: PMC9477648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the current COVID-19 outbreak all over the world, the problem of antiviral drugs entering water has become increasingly serious. Arbidol hydrochloride (ABLH) is one of the most widely used drugs against COVID-19, which has been detected in sewage treatment plant sediments after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, there has been no report on the degradation of ABLH. In order to remove ABLH we prepared a novel photocatalyst composed of Ti3C2 MXene and supramolecular g-C3N4 (TiC/SCN) via a simple method. The properties of the material were studied by a series of characterizations (SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, DRS, XPS, TPC, PL, EIS and UPS), indicating the successful preparation of TiC/SCN. Results show that 99% of ABLH was removed within 150 min under visible light illumination by the 0.5TiC/SCN (containing 0.5% of TiC). The performance of 0.5TiC/SCN was about 2.66 times that of SCN resulting from the formation of Schottky junction. Furthermore, under real sunlight illumination, 99.2% of ABLH could be removed by 0.5TiC/SCN within 120 min, which was better than that of commercial P25 TiO2. The pH, anions (NO3- and SO42-) and dissolved organic matter (fulvic acid) could significantly affect the ABLH degradation. Moreover, three possible degradation pathways of ABLH were proposed, and the toxicities of the corresponding by-products were less toxic than ABLH. Meanwhile, findings showed that the superoxide radicals played a major role in the photocatalytic degradation of ABLH by 0.5TiC/SCN. This study provides a well understanding of the mechanism of ABLH degradation and provides a valuable reference for the treatment of ABLH in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Jin
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yihan Lv
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Dongyang He
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jiaqiong Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
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Anagnostopoulpou K, Nannou C, Aschonitis VG, Lambropoulou DA. Screening of pesticides and emerging contaminants in eighteen Greek lakes by using target and non-target HRMS approaches: Occurrence and ecological risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157887. [PMID: 35952888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lakes, albeit ecosystems of vital importance, are insufficiently investigated with respect to the degradation of water quality due to the organic micropollutants load. As regards Greece, screening of lake waters is scarce and concerns a limited number of contaminants. However, understanding the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and other micropollutants in lakes is essential to appraise their potential ecotoxicological effects. The aim of this study was to deploy a multiresidue screening approach based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to get a first snapshot for >470 target CECs, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as well as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in eighteen Greek lakes in Central, Northern and West Northern Greece. The omnipresent compounds were DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), caffeine and TCPP (tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate). Maximum concentrations varied among the different classes. DEET was detected at a maximum average concentration of >1000 ng/L in Lake Orestiada, while its mean concentration was estimated at 233 ng/L. The maximum total concentrations for pesticides, PPCPs, PFASs, and OPFRs were 5807, 2669, 33.1, and 1214 ng/L, respectively, indicating that Greek lakes are still threatened by the intense agricultural activity. Besides, HRMS enabled a non-target screening by exploiting the rich content of the full-scan raw data, allowing the 'discovery' of tentative candidates, such as surfactants, pharmaceuticals, and preservatives among others, without reference standards. The potential ecotoxicity was assessed by both the risk quotient method and ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) revealing low risk for most of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Anagnostopoulpou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Aschonitis
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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Chaves MDJS, Kulzer J, Pujol de Lima PDR, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Updated knowledge, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in global aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1982-2008. [PMID: 36124562 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments has generated increasing public concern. In this review, data on the presence of PPCPs in environmental compartments from the past few years (2014-2022) are summarized by carrying out a critical survey of the partitioning among water, sediment, and aquatic organisms. From the available articles on PPCP occurrence in the environment, in Web of Science and Scopus databases, 185 articles were evaluated. Diclofenac, carbamazepine, caffeine, ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were reported to occur in 85% of the studies in at least one of the mentioned matrices. Risk assessment showed a moderate to high environmental risk for these compounds worldwide. Moreover, bioconcentration factors showed that sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, while ciprofloxacin and triclosan present bioaccumulation potential. Regarding spatial distribution, the Asian and European continents presented most studies on the occurrence and effects of PPCPs on the environment, while Africa and Asia are the most contaminated continents. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 on environmental contamination by PPCPs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa de Jesus Silva Chaves
- Chemistry and Food School, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas Kulzer
- Chemistry and Food School, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Paula da Rosa Pujol de Lima
- Chemistry and Food School, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Chemistry and Food School, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Chemistry and Food School, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Federal University of Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96201-900, Brazil.
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Sun Q, Yang J, Fan Y, Cai K, Lu Z, He Z, Xu Z, Lai X, Zheng Y, Liu C, Wang F, Sun Z. The role of trace N-Oxyl compounds as redox mediator in enhancing antiviral ribavirin elimination in UV/Chlorine process. APPLIED CATALYSIS. B, ENVIRONMENTAL 2022; 317:121709. [PMID: 35812172 PMCID: PMC9254691 DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) is an antiviral drug used for treating COVID-19 infection. Its release into natural waters would threaten the health of aquatic ecosystem. This study reports an effective approach to degrade RBV by the trace N-oxyl compounds (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)) enhanced UV activated free chlorine (UV/Chlorine) process. The results indicated that TEMPO and NHPI at low concentrations (0.1 μM and 1 μM, respectively) could strongly enhance RBV degradation in both deionized water with different pHs and practical surface water. The enhancement was verified to be attributed to the transformation of TEMPO and NHPI into their reactive forms (i.e., TEMPO+ and PINO), which generations deeply relied on radicals. The two N-oxyl compounds inhibit ClO• yield by hindering the reaction of free chlorine vs. HO• and Cl•. The analyses on acute toxicities of RBV degradation products indicate that UV/Chlorine/N-oxyl compounds process can detoxify RBV more efficiently than UV/Chlorine process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yongjie Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhilei Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhenle He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xingteng Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yuyi Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Feifeng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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Ulvi A, Aydın S, Aydın ME. Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital and municipal wastewater effluent: occurrence, removal, and environmental risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75609-75625. [PMID: 35655023 PMCID: PMC9162898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distribution of β-blockers, lipid regulators, and psychiatric and cancer drugs in the influent and effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the effluent of 16 hospitals that discharge into the wastewater treatment plant mentioned in this study at two sampling dates in summer and winter were examined. The pharmaceutical contribution of hospitals to municipal wastewater was determined. The removal of target pharmaceuticals was evaluated in a WWTP consisting of conventional biological treatment using activated sludge. Additionally, the potential environmental risk for the aquatic receiving environments (salt lake) was assessed. Beta-blockers and psychiatric drugs were detected in high concentrations in the wastewater samples. Atenolol (919 ng/L) from β-blockers and carbamazepine (7008 ng/L) from psychiatric pharmaceuticals were detected at the highest concentrations in hospital wastewater. The total pharmaceutical concentration determined at the WWTP influent and effluent was between 335 and 737 ng/L in summer and between 174 and 226 ng/L in winter. The concentrations detected in hospital effluents are higher than the concentrations detected in WWTP. The total pharmaceutical contributions from hospitals to the WWTP in summer and winter were determined to be 2% and 4%, respectively. Total pharmaceutical removal in the WWTP ranged from 23 to 54%. According to the risk ratios, atenolol could pose a high risk (risk quotient > 10) for fish in summer and winter. There are different reasons for the increase in pharmaceutical consumption in recent years. One of these reasons is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on for 2 years. In particular, hospitals were operated at full capacity during the pandemic, and the occurrence and concentration of pharmaceuticals used for the therapy of COVID-19 patients has increased in hospital effluent. Pandemic conditions have increased the tendency of people to use psychiatric drugs. It is thought that beta-blocker consumption has increased due to cardiovascular diseases caused by COVID-19. Therefore, the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals for aquatic organisms in hospital effluent should be monitored and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulvi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Senar Aydın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydın
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Castañeda-Juárez M, Linares-Hernández I, Martínez-Miranda V, Teutli-Sequeira EA, Castillo-Suárez LA, Sierra-Sánchez AG. SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical drugs: a critical review on the environmental impacts, chemical characteristics, and behavior of advanced oxidation processes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67604-67640. [PMID: 35930148 PMCID: PMC9362221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research data on the pharmaceutical drugs used to treat the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, their characteristics, environmental impacts, and the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) applied to remove them. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer. This complete research includes and discusses relevant studies that involve the introduction, pharmaceutical drugs used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: chemical characteristics and environmental impact, advanced oxidation process (AOP), future trends and discussion, and conclusions. The results show a full approach in the versatility of AOPs as a promising solution to minimize the environmental impact associated with these compounds by the fact that they offer different ways for hydroxyl radical production. Moreover, this article focuses on introducing the fundamentals of each AOP, the main parameters involved, and the concomitance with other sources and modifications over the years. Photocatalysis, sonochemical technologies, electro-oxidation, photolysis, Fenton reaction, ozone, and sulfate radical AOP have been used to mineralize SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical compounds, and the efficiencies are greater than 65%. According to the results, photocatalysis is the main technology currently applied to remove these pharmaceuticals. This process has garnered attention because solar energy can be directly utilized; however, low photocatalytic efficiencies and high costs in large-scale practical applications limit its use. Furthermore, pharmaceuticals in the environment are diverse and complex. Finally, the review also provides ideas for further research needs and major concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Castañeda-Juárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México.
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras CONACYT-IITCA, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P 03940, México
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras COMECYT. Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia Y Tecnología COMECYT, Paseo Colón núm.: 112-A, col. Ciprés, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, México
| | - Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
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Liu Q, Feng X, Chen N, Shen F, Zhang H, Wang S, Sheng Z, Li J. Occurrence and risk assessment of typical PPCPs and biodegradation pathway of ribavirin in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100184. [PMID: 36158755 PMCID: PMC9488096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A large number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) persist in wastewater, and the consumption of PPCPs for COVID-19 control and prevention has sharply increased during the pandemic. This study investigated the occurrence, removal efficiency, and risk assessment of six typical PPCPs commonly used in China in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Ribavirin (RBV) is an effective pharmaceutical for severely ill patients with COVID-19, and the possible biodegradation pathway of RBV by activated sludge was discovered. The experimental results showed that PPCPs were detected in two WWTPs with a detection rate of 100% and concentrations ranging between 612 and 2323 ng L-1. The detection frequency and concentrations of RBV were substantially higher, with a maximum concentration of 314 ng L-1. Relatively high pollution loads were found for the following PPCPs from influent: ibuprofen > ranitidine hydrochloride > RBV > ampicillin sodium > clozapine > sulfamethoxazole. The removal efficiency of PPCPs was closely related to adsorption and biodegradation in activated sludge, and the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) had a higher removal capacity than the anoxic-anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAAO) process. The removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin sodium, ibuprofen, and clozapine ranged from 92.21% to 97.86% in MBBR process and were relatively low, from 61.82% to 97.62% in AAAO process, and the removal of RBV and ranitidine hydrochloride were lower than 42.96% in both MBBR and AAAO processes. The discrepancy in removal efficiency is caused by temperature, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity of the compound, and acidity and alkalinity. The transformation products of RBV in activated sludge were detected and identified, and the biodegradation process of RBV could be speculated as follows: first breaks into TCONH2 and an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocyclic ring under the nucleosidase reaction, and then TCONH2 is finally formed into TCOOH through amide hydrolysis. Aquatic ecological risks based on risk quotient (RQ) assessment showed that PPCPs had high and medium risks in the influent, and the RQ values were all reduced after MBBR and AAAO treatment. Ranitidine hydrochloride and clozapine still showed high and medium risks in the effluent, respectively, and thus presented potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, Jiangsu Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuxi, 214121, China
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
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Reconstruction of Electronic Structure of MOF-525 via Metalloporphyrin for Enhanced Photoelectro-Fenton Process. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) process can continuously promote the occurrence of Fenton reaction and the generation of active species, which is an advanced oxidation technology for pollutant degradation. However, the lack of bifunctional catalysts restricts the development of PEF technology. In this study, the electronic rearrangement MOF-525 modified by metalloporphyrin (named MOF-525-Fe/Zr) was prepared, to load on the carbon felt as a novel cathode catalyst, which is used in PEF process. A series of characterization and photoelectric chemical properties tests combined with DFT calculation showed that the modification of MOF-525 could not only have the large specific surface area and multistage pore structure but also co-stimulate the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-cluster charge transfer (LCCT) by photoelectric synergy. These charge transitions provide periodic electron donor-acceptor conduction paths in MOF-525-Fe/Zr, which can improve the active species formation and transfer efficiency. Owing to their favorable pore and electronic structure as well as stability, MOF-525-Fe/Zr shows great promise for the application in the catalytic process of PEF. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation was enhanced by MOF-525-Fe/Zr with the TOC removal rate above 75% both in river water and tap water. Finally, the reasonable pathway of PEF catalytic degradation of SMX was proposed by HPLC-MS analysis. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for reconstructing the electronic structure of MOFs catalyst and broadening the practical application of PEF technology.
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Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradations of Analgesic, Mucolytic and Anti-Biotic/Viral/Inflammatory Drugs Widely Used in Controlling SARS-CoV-2. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been transformed into one of the main worldwide challenges, in recent years. For controlling symptoms that are caused by this disease (e.g., chills or fever, shortness of breath and/or difficulty in breathing, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, the new loss of tastes and/or smells, congestion or runny nose, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea), lots of medicines including analgesics, mucolytics, and anti-biotic/viral/inflammatory drugs have been frequently prescribed. As these medicines finally contaminate terrestrial and aquatic habitats by entering surface waterways through pharmaceutical production and excreting trace amounts of waste after human usage, they have negative impacts on wildlife’s health and ecosystem. Residual drugs in water have the potential to harm aquatic creatures and disrupt their food chain as well as the breeding cycle. Therefore, proper degradation of these broadly used medicines is highly crucial. In this work, the use of nanomaterials applicable in photocatalytic degradations of analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), mucolytics (e.g., ambroxol), antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin and quinolones including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine phosphate), anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone and cortisone acetate), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine), anthelmintics (e.g., praziquantel), and finally antivirals (e.g., ivermectin, acyclovir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir) which widely used in controlling/treating the coronavirus have been reviewed and discussed.
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Cappelli F, Longoni O, Rigato J, Rusconi M, Sala A, Fochi I, Palumbo MT, Polesello S, Roscioli C, Salerno F, Stefani F, Bettinetti R, Valsecchi S. Suspect screening of wastewaters to trace anti-COVID-19 drugs: Potential adverse effects on aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153756. [PMID: 35151733 PMCID: PMC8830926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the first period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the lack of specific therapeutic treatments led to the provisional use of a number of drugs, with a continuous review of health protocols when new scientific evidence emerged. The management of this emergency sanitary situation could not take care of the possible indirect adverse effects on the environment, such as the release of a large amount of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants. The massive use of drugs, which were never used so widely until then, implied new risks for the aquatic environment. In this study, a suspect screening approach using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry techniques, allowed us to survey the presence of pharmaceuticals used for COVID-19 treatment in three WWTPs of Lombardy region, where the first European cluster of SARS-CoV-2 cases was detected. Starting from a list of sixty-three suspect compounds used against COVID-19 (including some metabolites and transformation products), six compounds were fully identified and monitored together with other target analytes, mainly pharmaceuticals of common use. A monthly monitoring campaign was conducted in a WWTP from April to December 2020 and the temporal trends of some anti-COVID-19 drugs were positively correlated with those of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The comparison of the average emission loads among the three WWTPs evidenced that the highest loads of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin were measured in the WWTP which received the sewages from a hospital specializing in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The monitoring of the receiving water bodies evidenced the presence of eight compounds of high ecological concern, whose risk was assessed in terms of toxicity and the possibility of inducing antibiotic and viral resistance. The results clearly showed that the enhanced, but not completely justified, use of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin represented a risk for antibiotic resistance in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cappelli
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy; University of Insubria, Department of Human Science of the Innovation for the Territory, 22100 Como, CO, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Fochi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific s.p.a., 20090 Rodano, MI, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Palumbo
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Roberta Bettinetti
- University of Insubria, Department of Human Science of the Innovation for the Territory, 22100 Como, CO, Italy
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
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Stipaničev D, Repec S, Vucić M, Lovrić M, Klobučar G. COVID-19 Lockdowns—Effect on Concentration of Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs in Two Major Croatian Rivers. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050241. [PMID: 35622654 PMCID: PMC9143423 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, contingency measures in the form of lockdowns were implemented all over the world, including in Croatia. The aim of this study was to detect if those severe, imposed restrictions of social interactions reflected on the water quality of rivers receiving wastewaters from urban areas. A total of 18 different pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and illicit drugs (IDrgs), as well as their metabolites, were measured for 16 months (January 2020–April 2021) in 12 different locations at in the Sava and Drava Rivers, Croatia, using UHPLC coupled to LCMS. This period encompassed two major Covid lockdowns (March–May 2020 and October 2020–March 2021). Several PhACs more than halved in river water mass flow during the lockdowns. The results of this study confirm that Covid lockdowns caused lower cumulative concentrations and mass flow of measured PhACs/IDrgs in the Sava and Drava Rivers. This was not influenced by the increased use of drugs for the treatment of the COVID-19, like antibiotics and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The decreases in measured PhACs/IDrgs concentrations and mass flows were more pronounced during the first lockdown, which was stricter than the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Draženka Stipaničev
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Siniša Repec
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Matej Vucić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (G.K.)
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (G.K.)
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