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Foladori P, Lucchini G, Torboli A, Bruni L. Flow cytometry as a tool for the rapid enumeration of 1-μm microplastics spiked in wastewater and activated sludge after coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142328. [PMID: 38740336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Considering the limited literature and the difficulty of quantifying 1-μm micro-nanoplastics (1-μm MNP) in complex aqueous matrices such as wastewater and sludge, the removal rate of these very small particles in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) represents a major challenge. In this study, coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) with aluminum salts was investigated to evaluate the removal of 1-μm MNPs spiked in tap water, raw wastewater, pre-settled wastewater, and activated sludge. Quantification of 1-μm MNP was performed using the high-throughput flow cytometry (FCM) analysis which takes only a few minutes and produces results with high accuracy and reproducibly. The results indicated that the 1-μm MNPs were highly stable in pure water and unable to settle rapidly. In raw wastewater, sedimentation without coagulants removed less than 4% of 1-μm MNP. Conversely, CFS treatment showed a significant improvement in the removal of 1-μm MNP from wastewater. At dosages of 0.3-3 mg Al3+/L, the removal of MNPs in wastewater reached 30% and no flocs were observed, while floc formation was visible with increased dosages of 3-12 mg Al3+/L, obtaining MNP removal greater than 90%. CFS in activated sludge with a solids content of 5800 mg MLSS/L registered the highest removal efficiency (95-99%) even for dosages of 0.3-60 mg Al3+/L and pH dropping to 5. However, activated sludge showed extremely high removal efficiency of MNPs (97.3 ± 0.9%) even without coagulants. The large, dense flocs that constitute activated sludge appear particularly efficient in capturing 1-μm MNPs during the sedimentation process even in the absence of coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Foladori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - Giulia Lucchini
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Torboli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Bruni
- ADEP, Agenzia per la Depurazione (Wastewater Treatment Agency), Autonomous Province of Trento, via Gilli 3, 38121, Trento, Italy
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Eitzen L, Ruhl AS, Jekel M. Impact of natural organic matter and inorganic ions on the stabilization of polystyrene micro-particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172043. [PMID: 38552984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The orthokinetic coagulation of irregularly shaped polystyrene micro-particles (PS-MP) was investigated in solutions of inorganic cations with different valence (NaCl, CaCl2, LaCl3) using a coagulation jar test set-up combined with light extinction particle counting. The stabilizing effect of model natural organic matter (NOM from reverse-osmosis (RO-NOM), humic (HA) & fulvic acid (FA)) and of surface water components (SW-NOM) was studied. Collision efficiencies were calculated from the decrease in particle concentration applying first order reaction kinetics. The coagulation of PS-MP followed Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory with regard to ionic charge in solution. Highest collision efficiencies were obtained close to the suspected critical coagulation concentrations for CaCl2 (12 mM) and LaCl3 (5.5 mM) whereas for NaCl no CCC was found within the applied concentration range (10-1000 mM). The addition of NOM effectively stabilized PS-MP at low ionic strength (10 mM NaCl) in the order HA > RO-NOM > FA > SW-NOM at concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as low as 0.2-0.5 mg/L DOC through electrostatic repulsion. PS-MP were effectively stabilized in 6.1 mg DOC/L of SW-NOM even at high ionic strength (100 mM MgCl2). Coagulation at intermediate ionic strength (10 mM MgCl2) was only observed for SW-NOM concentrations below 0.6 mg/L DOC. The results showed that even low NOM concentrations prevent PS-MP from orthokinetic coagulation in the presence of high ion concentrations. The study provides further insight in the orthokinetic coagulation behavior of PS-MP in the presence of NOM and highlights the importance of NOM for the stabilization of microplastics in aquatic suspensions. Further research is needed to elucidate the behavior of MP in turbulent systems to predict the mobility MP in aquatic systems such as rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Eitzen
- Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, D-12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Straße des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH, Cicerostr. 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Avazpour S, Noshadi M. Enhancing the coagulation process for the removal of microplastics from water by anionic polyacrylamide and natural-based Moringaoleifera. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142215. [PMID: 38701865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The existence of microplastics (MPs) in water is a significant global concern since they have the potential to pose a threat to human health. Therefore, there is a need to develop a sustainable treatment technology for MPs removal, as the conventional methods are inadequate to address this problem. Coagulation is a typical process in treatment plants that can capture MPs before releasing them into the environment. In this work, the removal behaviors of polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE) MPs were systematically investigated through coagulation processes using aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds extract. Subsequently, the coagulation performance of Al2(SO4)3 was improved by the separate addition of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and naturally derived MO. Results showed that Al2(SO4)3 in combination with APAM had better performance than Al2(SO4)3 or MO alone. In the Al2(SO4)3+APAM system, the removal efficiencies were 93.47%, 81.25%, and 29.48% for PA, PS, and PE MPs, respectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Al2(SO4)3 and MO blended system was approximately similar to the Al2(SO4)3+APAM system. However, the required amount of Al2(SO4)3 was decreased to 50% in the Al2(SO4)3+MO system compared to the optimal dosage in the Al2(SO4)3 system alone. The combination of 40 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3 and 60 mg/L of MO resulted in removal efficiencies of 92.99%, 80.48%, and 28.94% for PA, PS, and PE MPs, respectively. The high efficacy of these enhanced methods was due to the synergic effects of charge neutralization and agglomeration adsorption, which were validated through zeta potential assessments and visual analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In the case of experimental conditions, initial pH had little impact on removal efficiency, while NaCl salinity and stirring speed directly affected MPs removal. Consequently, this research took a step toward finding a green strategy to remove MPs from water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Avazpour
- Water Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Noshadi
- Water Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mao Y, Hu Z, Li H, Zheng H, Yang S, Yu W, Tang B, Yang H, He R, Guo W, Ye K, Yang A, Zhang S. Recent advances in microplastic removal from drinking water by coagulation: Removal mechanisms and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123863. [PMID: 38565391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that are widely detected in drinking water and pose a potential risk to humans. Therefore, the MP removal from drinking water is a critical challenge. Recent studies have shown that MPs can be removed by coagulation. However, the coagulation removal of MPs from drinking water remains inadequately understood. Herein, the efficiency, mechanisms, and influencing factors of coagulation for removing MPs from drinking water are critically reviewed. First, the efficiency of MP removal by coagulation in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and laboratories was comprehensively summarized, which indicated that coagulation plays an important role in MP removal from drinking water. The difference in removal effectiveness between the DWTPs and laboratory was mainly due to variations in treatment conditions and limitations of the detection techniques. Several dominant coagulation mechanisms for removing MPs and their research methods are thoroughly discussed. Charge neutralization is more relevant for small-sized MPs, whereas large-sized MPs are more dependent on adsorption bridging and sweeping. Furthermore, the factors influencing the efficiency of MP removal were jointly analyzed using meta-analysis and a random forest model. The meta-analysis was used to quantify the individual effects of each factor on coagulation removal efficiency by performing subgroup analysis. The random forest model quantified the relative importance of the influencing factors on removal efficiency, the results of which were ordered as follows: MPs shape > Coagulant type > Coagulant dosage > MPs concentration > MPs size > MPs type > pH. Finally, knowledge gaps and potential future directions are proposed. This review assists in the understanding of the coagulation removal of MPs, and provides novel insight into the challenges posed by MPs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zuoyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shengfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Bingran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Ruixu He
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Wenshu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Kailai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Aoguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
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5
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Chandra S, Walsh KB. Microplastics in water: Occurrence, fate and removal. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 264:104360. [PMID: 38729026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A global study on tap water samples has found that up to 83% of these contained microplastic fibres. These findings raise concerns about their potential health risks. Ingested microplastic particles have already been associated with harmful effects in animals, which raise concerns about similar outcomes in humans. Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, commonly found disposed in landfills and waste sites. Within indoor environments, the common sources are synthetic textiles, plastic bottles, and packaging. From the various point sources, they are globally distributed through air and water and can enter humans through various pathways. The finding of microplastics in fresh snow in the Antarctic highlights just how widely they are dispersed. The behaviour and health risks from microplastic particles are strongly influenced by their physicochemical properties, which is why their surfaces are important. Surface interactions are also important in pollutant transport via adsorption onto the microplastic particles. Our review covers the latest findings in microplastics research including the latest statistics in their abundance, their occurrence and fate in the environment, the methods of reducing microplastics exposure and their removal. We conclude by proposing future research directions into more effective remediation methods including new technologies and sustainable green remediation methods that need to be explored to achieve success in microplastics removal from waters at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaneel Chandra
- College of Science and Sustainability, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton North, QLD 4702, Australia; Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, Central Queensland University, Gladstone Marina Campus, Bryan Jordan Drive, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia.
| | - Kerry B Walsh
- College of Science and Sustainability, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton North, QLD 4702, Australia
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Nohara NML, Ariza-Tarazona MC, Triboni ER, Nohara EL, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Are you drowned in microplastic pollution? A brief insight on the current knowledge for early career researchers developing novel remediation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170382. [PMID: 38307272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) composed of different polymers with various shapes, within a vast granulometric distribution (1 μm - 5 mm) and with a wide variety of physicochemical surface and bulk characteristics spiral around the globe, with different atmospheric, oceanic, cryospheric, and terrestrial residence times, while interacting with other pollutants and biota. The challenges of microplastic pollution are related to the complex relationships between the microplastic generation mechanisms (physical, chemical, and biological), their physicochemical properties, their interactions with other pollutants and microorganisms, the changes in their properties with aging, and their small sizes that facilitate their diffusion and transportation between the air, water, land, and biota, thereby promoting their ubiquity. Early career researchers (ERCs) constitute an essential part of the scientific community committed to overcoming the challenges of microplastic pollution with their new ideas and innovative scientific perspectives for the development of remediation technologies. However, because of the enormous amount of scientific information available, it may be difficult for ERCs to determine the complexity of this environmental issue. This mini-review aims to provide a quick and updated overview of the essential insights of microplastic pollution to ERCs to help them acquire the background needed to develop highly innovative physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies, as well as valorization proposals and environmental education and awareness campaigns. Moreover, the recommendations for the development of holistic microplastic pollution remediation strategies presented here can help ERCs propose technologies considering the environmental, social, and practical dimensions of microplastic pollution while fulfilling the current government policies to manage this plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço Nohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Eduardo Rezende Triboni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho, no number, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luís Nohara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Taubaté, R. Daniel Daneli, no number, Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
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Subair A, K L P, Chellappan S, Rahuman A T, Hridya J, Devi PS, Salkka S M, Indu MS, Pugazhendhi A, Chinglenthoiba C. Evaluating the performance of electrocoagulation system in the removal of polystyrene microplastics from water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117887. [PMID: 38081345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants, particularly microplastics, present a significant threat to both the environment and human health. Traditional treatment methods lack targeted strategies for their removal. This study thoroughly investigated the efficacy of electrocoagulation as a method for efficiently extracting microplastics from water. Various critical operational parameters, including electrode combinations, pH levels, electrolyte concentrations, electrode geometries, configurations, current intensities, and reaction times, were systematically examined. The study systematically examined the impact of different combinations of aluminium (Al) and stainless steel (SS) electrodes, including Al-Al, SS-SS, Al-SS, and SS-Al. Among these combinations, it was found that the Al-Al pairing exhibited outstanding efficiency in microplastic removal, while simultaneously minimizing energy consumption. Initial pH emerged as a critical parameter, with a neutral pH of 7 demonstrating the highest removal efficiency. In the pursuit of optimizing parameters like electrolyte concentrations, electrode geometry, and configuration, it's noteworthy that consistently achieving removal efficiencies exceeding 90% has been a significant achievement. However, to ascertain economic efficiency, additional factors such as energy consumption, electrode usage, and post-treatment conductivity must be taken into account. To tackle the complexity posed by various parameters and criteria, using multi-criteria decision-making tools like TOPSIS is essential, as it has a track record of effectiveness in practical applications. The electrolyte concentration of 0.5 g L-1 is identified as optimal by TOPSIS analysis Additionally, the TOPSIS highlighted the superiority of cylindrical hollow wire mesh electrodes and established the monopolar parallel configuration as the most effective electrode connection method. The investigation carefully evaluated the effect of reaction time, determining that a 50-min window provides optimal microplastic removal efficiency. This refined system exhibited remarkable proficiency in eliminating microplastics of varying size ranges (0-75 μm, 75-150 μm, and 150-300 μm), achieving removal efficiencies of 90.67%, 93.6%, and 94.6%, respectively, at input concentration of 0.2 g L-1. The present study offers a comprehensive framework for optimizing electrocoagulation parameters, presenting a practical and highly effective strategy to address the critical issue of microplastic contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Subair
- Department of Civil Engineering, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Priya K L
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | - Suchith Chellappan
- Department of Civil Engineering, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Thamanna Rahuman A
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - J Hridya
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - P S Devi
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Mariyam Salkka S
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - M S Indu
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Liu B, Guo K, Yue Q, Gao Y, Gao B. New insights into the fate and interaction mechanisms of hydrolyzed aluminum-titanium species in the removal of aged polystyrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:133010. [PMID: 37984144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyaluminum-titanium chloride composite coagulant (PATC) has been demonstrated to be a promising coagulant in microplastics (MPs) treatment. However, the interaction process between the dominant species of PATC and MPs remains unclear, which will hinder our understanding of the coagulation mechanisms. Here, the species transformation of PATC during its interaction with aged polystyrene powder (APSp) was studied. The results showed that the rise of O-containing functional groups in APSp increased the possibility of forming C-O-M coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds between APSp and PATC, which improved the removal of PSp. Furthermore, Al13(OH)53Ti13O17(H2O)204+ (Al13Ti13) was considered to be the most effective species of PATC. At pH 4, electrostatic attraction brought Al13Ti13 approached APSp first, followed by hydrogen bonding and complexation occurred, respectively. However, the Al13Ti13-APSp complexes were easily converted to monomers and dimers during coagulation, which influenced the coagulation efficiency. With the increase of pH, OH- in the solution would further polymerize the depolymerized Al2Ti into oligomers and mesomers. Under weakly acid conditions, the diversity of PATC hydrolysates and the increase in APSp binding sites correspondingly led to the maximum APSp removal of 75%. When the pH further increased to 10, PATC interacted with APSp mainly by hydrogen bonding and sweeping effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 26600, PR China
| | - Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 26600, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 26600, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 26600, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 26600, PR China.
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Dai Y, Li L, Guo Z, Yang X, Dong D. Emerging isolation and degradation technology of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117864. [PMID: 38072105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, less than 5 mm in size) are widely distributed in surroundings in various forms and ways, and threaten ecosystems security and human health. Its environmental behavior as pollutants carrier and the after-effects exposed to MPs has been extensively exploited; whereas, current knowledge on technologies for the separation and degradation of MPs is relatively limited. It is essential to isolate MPs from surroundings and/or degrade to safe levels. This in-depth review details the origin and distribution of MPs. Provides a comprehensive summary of currently available MPs separation and degradation technologies, and discusses the mechanisms, challenges, and application prospects of these technologies. Comparison of the contribution of various separation methods to the separation of NPs and MPs. Furthermore, the latest research trends and direction in bio-degradation technology are outlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodan Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Dazhuang Dong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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10
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Arbabi A, Gholami M, Farzadkia M, Djalalinia S. Microplastics removal technologies from aqueous environments: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:463-473. [PMID: 37869596 PMCID: PMC10584763 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Pollution of the environment with all kinds of plastics has become a growing problem. The problem of microplastics is mainly due to the absorption of stable organic pollutants and metals into them, and as a result, their environmental toxicity increases. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriate and efficient methods of removing microplastics from aqueous environments through a systematic review. Methods Present study designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers followed all process from search to final analysis, for the relevant studies using international databases of PubMed, Scopus and ISI/WOS (Web of Science), without time limit. The search strategy developed based on the main axis of "microplastics", "aqueous environments" and "removal". This research was carried out from 2017 until the March of 2022. All relevant observational, analytical studies, review articles, and a meta-analysis were included. Results Through a comprehensive systematic search we found 2974 papers, after running the proses of refining, 80 eligible papers included to the study. According to the results of the review, the methods of removing microplastics from aquatic environments were divided to physical (12), chemical (18), physicochemical (27), biological (12) and integrated (11) methods. In different removal methods, the most dominant group of studied microplastics belonged to the four groups of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene tetra phthalate (PET). Average removal efficiency of microplastics in different processes in each method was as: physical method (73.76%), chemical method (74.38%), physicochemical method (80.44%), biological method (75.23%) and integrated method (88.63%). The highest removal efficiency occurred in the processes based on the integrated method and the lowest efficiency occurred in the physical method. In total, 80% of the studies were conducted on a laboratory scale, 18.75% on a full scale and 1.25% on a pilot scale. Conclusion According to the findings; different processes based on physical, chemical, physicochemical, biological and integrated methods are able to remove microplastics with high efficiency from aqueous environments and in order to reduce their hazardous effects on health and environment, these processes can be easily used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arbabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology center, Deputy of Research and Technology Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhao W, Hu T, Ma H, He S, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Wei L. Deciphering the role of polystyrene microplastics in waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion: Changes of organics transformation, microbial community and metabolic pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166551. [PMID: 37633377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment, which inevitably affect the relevant biochemical process. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the impacts of microplastics on organics transformation and corresponding microbial metabolism response in anaerobic environment is limited. Here, polystyrene (PS) microplastics were selected as model microplastics to explore their potential impacts on organics transformation, microbial community and metabolic pathway during sludge anaerobic digestion system operation. The results indicated that the PS microplastics exhibited the dose-dependent effects on methane production, i.e., the additive of 20-40 particles/g TS of PS microplastics improved the maximum methane yield by 3.38 %-8.22 %, whereas 80-160 particles/g TS additive led to a 4.78 %-11.04 % declining. Overall, PS microplastics facilitated the solubilization and hydrolysis of sludge, but inhibited the acidogenesis process. Key functional enzyme activities were stimulated under low PS microplastics exposure, whereas were almost severely inhibited due to the increased oxidative stress induced from excess PS microplastics. Microbial community and further metabolic analysis indicated that low PS microplastics improved the acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, while a high level of PS microplastics shifted methanogenesis from acetotrophic to hydrogenotrophic pathway. Further analysis showed that the reacted PS microplastics exhibited greater toxicity and ecological than the raw PS microplastics due to that they are more likely to adsorb contaminants. These findings revealed the dosage-dependent relationships between microplastics and organics transformation process in anaerobic environments, providing new insights for assessing the impact of PS microplastics on sludge anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tianyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shufei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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12
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Esmaeili Nasrabadi A, Zahmatkesh Anbarani M, Bonyadi Z. Investigating the efficiency of oak powder as a new natural coagulant for eliminating polystyrene microplastics from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20402. [PMID: 37990113 PMCID: PMC10663507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is a commonly used plastic material in disposable containers. However, it readily breaks down into microplastic particles when exposed to water environments. In this research, oak powder was used as a natural, inexpensive, and eco-friendly coagulant. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of oak powder in removing PS from aquatic environments. The Box-Behnken model (BBD) was used to determine the optimal conditions for removal. The removal efficiency was evaluated for various parameters including PS concentration (100-900 mg/L), pH (4-10), contact time (10-40 min), and oak dosage (100-400 mg/L). The maximum removal of PS microplastics (89.1%) was achieved by using an oak dose of 250 mg/L, a PS concentration of 900 mg/L, a contact time of 40 min, and a pH of 7. These results suggest that oak powder can effectively remove PS microplastics through surface adsorption and charge neutralization mechanisms, likely due to the presence of tannin compounds. Based on the results obtained, it has been found that the natural coagulant derived from oak has the potential to effectively compete with harmful chemical coagulants in removing microplastics from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Zahmatkesh Anbarani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ziaeddin Bonyadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Girish N, Parashar N, Hait S. Coagulative removal of microplastics from aqueous matrices: Recent progresses and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165723. [PMID: 37482362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) system has been identified as one of the favored treatment technique in water/wastewater treatment systems and hence, it is crucial to comprehend the efficacy of different coagulants used in removing microplastics (MPs) from aqueous matrices. Henceforth, this study critically reviews the recent progress and efficacy of different coagulants used to date for MPs removal. This includes laboratory and field-scale studies on inorganic and organic coagulants, as well as laboratory-scale studies on natural coagulants. Inorganic and organic coagulants have varying MPs removal efficiencies such as: Fe/Al-salts (30 %-95 %), alum (99 %), and poly aluminum chloride (13 %-97 %), magnesium hydroxide (84 %), polyamine (99 %), organosilanes (>95 %), and polyacrylamide (85 %-98 %). Moreover, studies have highlighted the use of natural coagulants, such as chitosan, protein amyloid fibrils, and starch has shown promising results in MPs removal with sevral advantages over traditional coagulants. These natural coagulants have demonstrated high MPs removal efficiencies with chitosan-tannic acid (95 %), protein amyloid fibrils (98 %), and starch (>90 %). Moreover, the MPs removal efficiencies of natural coagulants are compared and their predominant removal mechanisms are determined. Plant-based natural coagulants can potentially remove MPs through mechanisms such as polymer bridging and charge neutralization. Further, a systematic analysis on the effect of operational parameters highlights that the pH affects particle surface charge and coagulation efficiency, while mixing speed affects particle aggregation and sedimentation. Also, the optimal mixing speed for effective MPs removal depends on coagulant type and concentration, water composition, and MPs characteristics. Moreover, this work highlights the advantages and limitations of using different coagulants for MPs removal and discusses the challenges and future prospects in scaling up these laboratory studies for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandika Girish
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
| | - Neha Parashar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India.
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14
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Esmaeili Nasrabadi A, Eydi M, Bonyadi Z. Utilizing Chlorella vulgaris algae as an eco-friendly coagulant for efficient removal of polyethylene microplastics from aquatic environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22338. [PMID: 38045186 PMCID: PMC10692900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic made from polyethylene, which is a commonly used type of plastic. These microplastics can be found in water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. They are typically less than 5 mm in size. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is an excellent, simple and inexpensive biocoagulant that can effectively remove a wide range of pollutants through the coagulation and flocculation mechanism. In this study, C. vulgaris algae were used to remove PE MPs. The experiments were designed using the Behnken Box model. The evaluated parameters were the initial PE concentration (100-400 mg/L), the C. vulgaris dose (50-200), and the pH (4-10). The findings showed that increasing the concentration of polyethylene had a positive effect on the efficiency of removal. In addition, the dose of C. vulgaris and pH parameters were inversely and directly related to removal efficiency, respectively. The highest removal efficiency was observed under alkaline conditions. Overall, the maximum PE removal efficiency was 84 % when the concentration of PE was 250 mg/L, the dose of C. vulgaris was 50 mg/L, and the pH was 10. It can be concluded that algae can be used as an environmentally friendly coagulant for effectively removing MPs from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Eydi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ziaeddin Bonyadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Ali I, Tan X, Xie Y, Peng C, Li J, Naz I, Duan Z, Wan P, Huang J, Liang J, Rui Z, Ruan Y. Recent innovations in microplastics and nanoplastics removal by coagulation technique: Implementations, knowledge gaps and prospects. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120617. [PMID: 37738942 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) contamination is a worldwide problem owing to the immense usage of plastic commodities. Thus, the environmental risks by MPs and NPs demand the application of innovative, efficient, and sustainable technologies to control the pollution of plastic particles. Regarding this, numerous technologies, including adsorption, coagulation, filtration, bioremediation, chemical precipitation, and photocatalysis, have been engaged to eradicate MPs and NPs from contaminated waters. However, the coagulation technique is getting much attention owing to its simplicity, higher removal performance, low carbon footprint, and low operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, this paper has been designed to critically summarize the recent innovations on the application of coagulation process to eradicate MPs and NPs from both synthetic and real sewage. More importantly, the effect of pertinent factors, including characteristics of coagulants, MPs/NPs, and environmental medium on the elimination performances and mechanisms of MPs/NPs have been critically investigated. Further, the potential of coagulation technology in eliminating MPs and NPs from real sewage has been critically elucidated for the first time, for better execution of this technique at commercial levels. Finally, this critical review also presents current research gaps and future outlooks for the improvement of coagulation process for eradicating MPs and NPs from water and real sewage. Overall, the current review will offer valuable knowledge to scientists in selecting a suitable technique for controlling plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Waste Fertilizer Utilization and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Engineering Research Center, Chuzhou 233100, China.
| | - Yue Xie
- Anhui Province Agricultural Waste Fertilizer Utilization and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Engineering Research Center, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Juying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Shenzhen Water Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518001, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water Affairs Big Data and Water Ecology, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhu Rui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yinlan Ruan
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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16
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Meera G, Sasidharan Pillai IM, Reji PG, Sajithkumar KJ, Priya KL, Chellappan S. Coagulation studies on photodegraded and photocatalytically degraded polystyrene microplastics using polyaluminium chloride. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:329-340. [PMID: 37741081 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous persistent emerging contaminants, and its presence has been detected even in the most pristine and fragile ecosystems. Advanced oxidation processes are one of the novel degradation technologies used for the elimination of microplastics from the environment. In this study, the effect of ultraviolet C (UV-C, 253.7 nm) and ultraviolet A (UV-A, 365 nm) irradiations on polystyrene (PS) microplastic properties in the presence and absence of titanium dioxide were studied along with their coagulation performances using polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The effects of solar irradiation on the chemical properties of microplastics in aqueous and dry conditions were also investigated. PS microplastics (1.5 g) in three size ranges, 300-150 μm, 150-75 μm, and <75 μm were used during this experiment. After 45 days of irradiation, samples showed discolouration, brittleness, and loss of hydrophobicity. Images obtained from scanning electron microscope revealed smoothening and melting of PS surfaces upon UV exposure. Attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photon spectroscopy of photoaged samples revealed chemical alterations, bond cleavage and formation of oxygenated functional groups on microplastic surfaces. PAC coagulation of samples before and after UV irradiation showed drastic differences in removal efficiencies, with UV-C irradiated microplastics exhibiting maximum efficiency. Large sized and photocatalytically degraded microplastics showed better removal efficiencies than small sized particles. The 300-150 μm sized PS microplastic, degraded photo catalytically under UV-C irradiation showed approximately 99 % removal efficiency, while PS < 75 μm photodegraded under UV-A irradiation showed only 74.2 % removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meera
- Environmental Engineering and Management, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | - P G Reji
- Environmental Engineering and Management, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - K J Sajithkumar
- Environmental Engineering and Management, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India; School for Sustainable Development, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - K L Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Suchith Chellappan
- Environmental Engineering and Management, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
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17
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Duan Y, Zhao J, Qiu X, Deng X, Ren X, Ge W, Yuan H. Evaluation of the coagulation properties of magnesium hydroxide for removal combined contamination of reactive dyes and microfibers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107317-107330. [PMID: 36515878 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfibers are a new type of pollutants that are widely distributed in water bodies. And the simultaneous removal of pollutants in water is popular research in the field of water treatment. In this study, magnesium hydroxide was used as coagulant to investigate the performance and mechanism of coagulation and removal of dyes (reactive orange) and microfibers (MFs). The presence of dyestuff in the composite system promoted the removal of microfibers, and the maximum removal efficiency of both could reach 95.55% and 95.35%. The coagulation mechanism was explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential. The removal of reactive orange and microfibers relied on electrical neutralization, sweep flocculation, and adsorption mechanisms. Turbidity can enhance the removal efficiency of both. Boosting the rotational speed can increase the removal efficiency of microfibers. This study provides an important theoretical support for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of coagulation for the removal of complex pollutants from printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jianhai Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xiuming Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Wenqi Ge
- School of Control and Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongying Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Xiqing District, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300384, China
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18
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Zhang J, Yan Y, Jia W, Yang W, Wang Q, Zhao S. Design and application of gel coagulation-spontaneous flotation integrated process in water treatment: "Clouds in water". WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120407. [PMID: 37516081 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The gel coagulation-spontaneous flotation (GCSF) process designed in this paper mainly rely on dissolved gas in water rather than auxiliary gas equipment to achieve spontaneous flotation. Compared with the traditional coagulation-dissolved air flotation method, GCSF has more stable flotation efficiency and shorter operation cycle under conventional hydraulic conditions. In this study, the GCSF scheme was applied for surface water treatment, and its operating efficiency, mechanism of action, and environmental implications were explored systematically. The results illustrate that the dosage ratio of sodium alginate (SA) to aluminum sulfate (AS) should be controlled in the range of approximately 1.5:1-2.5:1, and SA should be added 15∼120 s before AS during the coagulation process. Under these conditions, the adsorption cross-linking between SA and Al3+ promoted the generation of gel flocs and effectively encapsulated the dissolved gasses, thereby achieving a stable spontaneous flotation process and 80%-95% removal of pollutants. The purification efficiency of GCSF was positively correlated with pH 4-9, which was attributed to the enhanced hydrophobicity of the chains of organic polymer groups. The residual SA and aluminum concentration in effluent were lower than 1 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, which guarantee the ecological security of GCSF application. In addition, the results of density functional theory calculations revealed that -OH and -AlO6 in cross-linked flocs could adsorb dissolved oxygen synergistically, while -OH combined with oxygen had a stronger binding energy and stable adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wenlin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Weihua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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19
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Sulaiman RNR, Bakar AA, Ngadi N, Kahar INS, Nordin AH, Ikram M, Nabgan W. Microplastics in Malaysia's Aquatic Environment: Current Overview and Future Perspectives. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300047. [PMID: 37635702 PMCID: PMC10448155 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has adversely affected the aquatic ecosystem, living creatures, and human health. Several studies in Malaysia have provided baseline information on the existence of microplastics in surface water, ingestion by marine life and sediment. Also, humans are exposed to microplastic due to consumption of contaminated abiotic and biotic products, such as processed seafood. Nonetheless, knowledge is still scarce among Malaysian on the potential remediation and pollution management of microplastics, which poses a significant challenge to preserve a good environmental status. Green technologies also other alternative to mitigate the contamination of microplastics for sustainable future. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of microplastic's occurrence, fate, and implications in Malaysia's aquatic environment. Detection of microplastics from the water surface, ingestion by aquatics, and sediment samples are highlighted. Available different treatment processes toward microplastic remediation are also discussed. Additionally, the potential challenges, current perspective for plastic management in Malaysia, as well as green strategies for reducing microplastic contamination are also put forward. The goal of this work is to improve the understanding of the seriousness of microplastic contamination in aquatic environments, thus encouraging key concerns that need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aznizam Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudaiJohor81310Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudaiJohor81310Malaysia
| | | | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudaiJohor81310Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)ArauPerlis02600Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Application Research LabDepartment of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahorePunjab54000Pakistan
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria QuímicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliAv Països Catalans 26Tarragona43007Spain
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20
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Wang W, Yang M, Ma H, Liu Z, Gai L, Zheng Z, Ma H. Removal behaviors and mechanism of polystyrene microplastics by coagulation/ultrafiltration process: Co-effects of humic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163408. [PMID: 37061054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in drinking water, which could absorb or accumulate humic acid (HA) and threaten the water quality. Coagulation-ultrafiltration (CUF) is a common drinking water treatment technology, but its behavior and mechanism of removing MPs and MPs-HA remain unclear. In this study, the removal mechanism of polystyrene (PS)-MPs coagulated by Al- and Fe-based salts with or without HA was investigated to optimize the CUF process. The results showed that Al-based salt (92.7 %) was better than Fe-based salt (91.2 %) in the removal efficiency of PS or HA, and the optimal coagulants dosage of PS-HA composite system (12 mg·L-1) was higher than that of the individual PS system (9 mg·L-1). Moreover, the coagulation mechanism was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxygen group in PS and PS-HA was the main binding site of Al and Fe hydrolysate, and the effects of charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and sweep flocculation became weaker in turn at the optimal dosage. In addition, the cake layer formed by coagulation and the presence of HA alleviated the irreversible membrane fouling by intercepting flow and re-adsorption. This study guides the improvement of the traditional drinking water treatment process to remove MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhibao Liu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ligang Gai
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhishuo Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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21
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Xu S, Shi J, Deng J, Sun H, Wu J, Ye Z. Flocculation and dewatering of the Kaolin slurry treated by single- and dual-polymer flocculants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138445. [PMID: 36963584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the sudden increase in the production of waste engineering slurry, predominantly composed of Kaolinite, this study investigated the flocculation and dewatering of Kaolin slurry treated with single- and dual-polymer flocculants. The influence of the flocculant type and dosage, under single- and dual-dose conditions, on slurry's sedimentation and the filtration characteristics, were thoroughly discussed. The results reveal that the adsorption bridging of the polymeric flocculant, resulting from hydrogen bonds, exerts a more significant effect than electrical neutralization on forming a large floc. Under single-dose conditions, nonionic polyacrylamides (NPAMs) with the strongest adsorption bridging leads to biggest flocs and the maximum settling rate of 21.55 mm/s. Under the dual-dose conditions of polymeric aluminium chloride (PAC) and PAM, the size of the slurry's floc decreases with an increase in PAC dosage. Nevertheless, the filtration performance of the slurry improves, with the lowest SRF value of the flocculated slurry being 1.58 × 1011 m/kg as 3‰ PAC and 3‰ NPAM is dosed. The improvement is explained by the micro-pore distribution of sludge. According to Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test, the slurry treated with the optimal dosage of dual-polymer flocculant exhibits the greatest sludge pore size and connected porosity (with a maximum value of 20.99%). Furthermore, the study discusses and compares the flocculation mechanism of single- and dual-polymer flocculants. The obtained results provide guidance for selecting appropriate flocculants for dewatering inorganic slurries, using different dewatering methods, such as gravitational thickening or filter pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Junqiang Shi
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Honglei Sun
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Jiawei Wu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Zhaohui Ye
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
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Xing X, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Zhang Y, Yue J, Wang X, Yang Z, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang J. Mechanisms of polystyrene nanoplastics adsorption onto activated carbon modified by ZnCl 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162763. [PMID: 36921872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was enhanced after zinc chloride activation. The effects of pore filling, n-π and π-π interaction and electrostatic interaction on the adsorption of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) by activated carbon were determined by SEM, BET, Raman spectrum, FTIR and surface Zeta potential. Pore filling, electrostatic interaction and n-π interaction and π-π interaction all played a role in the adsorption process, but n-π interaction and π-π interaction was not the decisive role. The adsorption of PSNPs on activated carbon conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, and there was spontaneous physical adsorption process driven by entropy in the adsorption process. Further, the effects of common anions SO42-, HCO3-, and Cl- in water on the adsorption of PSNPs by activated carbon were investigated, and the results showed that the presence of these ions could increase the adsorption capacity to some extent. ZCAC has a stable adsorption capacity under tap water, but its adsorption capacity is affected under lake water. In addition, the reuse of activated carbon was investugated, and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was fully recovered after high temperature calcination. This study provided a direction for materials modification of adsorbed nanoplastics and a feasible method for removal of nanoplastics in drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xing
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiapeng Yue
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junru Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China.
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Ziembowicz S, Kida M, Koszelnik P. Elimination of a Mixture of Microplastics Using Conventional and Detergent-Assisted Coagulation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114070. [PMID: 37297202 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research described here investigated the suitability of coagulation process in the elimination of microplastics from tap water. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of microplastic type (PE1, PE2, PE3, PVC1, PVC2, and PVC3), tap water pH (3, 5, 7, and 9), coagulant doses (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/L), and microplastic concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 g/L) on elimination efficiency with coagulation utilizing Al and Fe coagulants as well coagulation combined with a detergent (SDBS) addition. This work also explores the elimination of a mixture of two microplastics (PE and PVC) that are significant in terms of the environment. The effectiveness of conventional and detergent-assisted coagulation was calculated as a percentage. The fundamental characteristics of microplastics were also determined via LDIR analysis, and on the basis of these findings, particles that were more coagulation-prone were identified. The maximum reduction in MPs was achieved with tap water's neutral pH and a coagulant dosage of 0.05 g/L. The addition of SDBS increased the loss of the plastic microparticles' efficacy. A removal efficiency of greater than 95% (Al-coagulant) and 80% (Fe-coagulant) was achieved for each of the microplastics tested. The removal efficiency of the microplastic mixture with SDBS-assisted coagulation was obtained at a level of 95.92% (AlCl3·6H2O) and 98.9% (FeCl3·6H2O). After each coagulation procedure, the mean circularity and solidity of the unremoved particles increased. This confirmed that particles with irregular shapes are easier to completely remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ziembowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Koszelnik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Liu S, Ding H, Song Y, Xue Y, Bi M, Wu M, Zhao C, Wang M, Shi J, Deng H. The potential risks posed by micro-nanoplastics to the safety of disinfected drinking water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131089. [PMID: 36870096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro-nanoplastics (M-NPs) have become an emerging critical issue in the environment because they migrate easily, can bioaccumulate with toxic effects, and are difficult to degrade. Unfortunately, the current technologies for removing or degrading M-NPs in drinking water are insufficient to eliminate them completely, and residual M-NPs in drinking water may pose a threat to human health by impairing human immunity and metabolism. In addition to their intrinsic toxic effects, M-NPs may be even more harmful after drinking water disinfection than before disinfection. Herein, this paper comprehensively summarizes the negative impacts of several commonly used disinfection processes (ozone, chlorine, and UV) on M-NPs. Moreover, the potential leaching of dissolved organics from M-NPs and the production of disinfection byproducts during the disinfection process are discussed in detail. Moreover, due to the diversity and complexity of M-NPs, their adverse effects may exceed those of conventional organics (e.g., antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and algae) after the disinfection process. Finally, we propose enhanced conventional drinking water treatment processes (e.g., enhanced coagulation, air flotation, advanced adsorbents, and membrane technologies), detection of residual M-NPs, and biotoxicological assessment as promising and ecofriendly candidates to efficiently remove M-NPs and avoid the release of secondary hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Haojie Ding
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunqian Song
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yinghao Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Mohan Bi
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meirou Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chun Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110011, PR China
| | - Jun Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Huiping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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25
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Wang Q, Tian C, Shi B, Wang D, Feng C. Efficiency and mechanism of micro- and nano-plastic removal with polymeric Al-Fe bimetallic coagulants: Role of Fe addition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130978. [PMID: 36860083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and even nanoplastics (NPs) in tap water has raised considerable attention. As a pre-treatment and also the most important process in drinking water treatment plants, coagulation has been widely studied to remove MPs, but few studies focused on the removal pattern and mechanism of NPs, especially no study paid attention to the coagulation enhanced by prehydrolysed Al-Fe bimetallic coagulants. Therefore, in this study, polymeric species and coagulation behaviour of MPs and NPs influenced by Fe fraction in polymeric Al-Fe coagulants were investigated. Special attention was given to the residual Al and the floc formation mechanism. The results showed that asynchronous hydrolysis of Al and Fe sharply decreases the polymeric species in coagulants and that the increase of Fe proportion changes the sulfate sedimentation morphology from dendritic to layered structures. Fe weakened the electrostatic neutralization effect and inhibited the removal of NPs but enhanced that of MPs. Compared with monomeric coagulants, the residual Al decreased by 17.4 % and 53.2 % in the MP and NP systems (p < 0.01), respectively. With no new bonds detected in flocs, the interaction between micro/nanoplastics and Al/Fe was merely electrostatic adsorption. According to the mechanism analysis, sweep flocculation and electrostatic neutralization were the dominant removal pathways of MPs and NPs, respectively. This work provides a better coagulant option for removing micro/nanoplastics and minimizing Al residue, which has promising potential for application in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Chenhao Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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26
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Liu B, Gao Y, Yue Q, Guo K, Gao B. The suitability and mechanism of polyaluminum-titanium chloride composite coagulant (PATC) for polystyrene microplastic removal: Structural characterization and theoretical calculation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119690. [PMID: 36758354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) particles bring potential threats to the aqueous environment, and the coexistence of natural organic matter (NOM) enhances their toxicity. Coagulation is an efficient method for particle removal and exploring the binding sites and modes of the coagulant hydrolysates with MPs in the presence of NOM is essential to understand the coagulation mechanism. In this study, a novel polymerized polyaluminum-titanium chloride composite coagulant (PATC) was prepared and used to remove polystyrene (PS). It was found that PATC could compress or even destroy the surface layer of the negatively charged PS. In comparison to PAC and PTC, PATC was more efficient in decreasing the energy barrier of the PS particles and increasing their aggregation rate over a wider pH range. The results of the Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) calculation revealed that the interaction between the hydrolysates of PATC and PS was mainly polar interaction (VAB), such as hydrogen bonding. The peak intensity and peak shift in Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were analyzed to further explore the interaction between the hydrolysates of PATC and PS. It was found that hydrogen bonding existed between the -OH group of PATC and the aliphatic C-H and C=O groups of PS. And the main interaction between HA and PS was the π-π* conjugation and hydrogen bonding between the -COOH, -OH, and C=O groups of HA and the C=O and aliphatic C-H groups of PS. Therefore, in the HA@PS system, the active sites of HA (e.g. -COOH and -OH) and PS (e.g., C=O and aliphatic C-H) binding with the coagulants were occupied, which accordingly led to the dramatic decline in the removal efficiency of both HA and PS. In actual lake water treatment, although the removal efficiency of PS was significantly poor, PATC performed better for PS removal than PAC and PTC. Besides, the effluent pH was maintained at 6.81±0.08, which met the requirements of the subsequent water treatment process. This study provides systematic knowledge for understanding the interaction between PS, NOM, and coagulant hydrolysates, and further confirms the application potential of PATC for MPs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
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Effect of microplastic aging degree on filter cake formation and membrane fouling characteristics in ultrafiltration process with pre-coagulation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Tabatabaei F, Mafigholami R, Moghimi H, Khoramipoor S. Effect of Fe and Al based coagulants and disinfectants on polyethylene microplastics removal in coagulation process through response surface methodology. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:99-114. [PMID: 36640026 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been rising as a threatening risk and recently has appealed to the attention of more researchers. In this study, influential parameters affecting the removal rate of polyethylene microplastics (PEMPs) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). In Box Behnken Design (BBD), independent parameters were pH, PEMP size, coagulant dosage and polyacrylamide dosage. Two experimental sets were conducted, one with ferric chloride and the second with poly aluminum chloride as two commonly applied coagulants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Comparing the results of optimized parameters, PAC was a better coagulant with the predicted removal rate of 58.19%, while the removal rate with ferric chloride as a coagulant was predicted to be 56.37%. Moreover, some experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of ozone gas and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants on removal rate. The highest removal rate was observed when 2 ppm of O3 was added to the solution coagulated with optimal dosage of PAC, reaching the removal rate of 76.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Roya Mafigholami
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khoramipoor
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
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Tang W, Li H, Fei L, Wei B, Zhou T, Zhang H. The removal of microplastics from water by coagulation: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158224. [PMID: 36007643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the first and last hurdles for the prevention of microplastics (MPs) pollution, respectively. With coagulation as one of the most critical technologies for the removal of MPs in water treatment plants, there is an urgent need to gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and influencing factors of MPs removal during coagulation. In this paper, the research progress of adopting coagulation in MPs removal in recent years is reviewed, the removal effect of coagulation in water treatment plants are compared, and the role of three coagulation mechanisms, i.e., charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and sweep flocculation in MPs removal process are identified. The effect of coagulant performance, MPs characteristics, operation conditions and other parameters on the removal of MPs are systematically analyzed. It is found that the combined coagulation techniques have better removal efficiency, can better decrease MP pollution and meet strict discharge standards. Moreover, flaws in the application of coagulation technology are pointed out, and strategies to deal with them are also proposed. Hopefully, this review can not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of MPs removal by coagulation technology, but also serve as a useful guide for future research on MPs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lianyue Fei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bigui Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Luo M, Wang Z, Fang S, Song B, Cao P, Liu H, Yang Y. Removal and toxic forecast of microplastics treated by electrocoagulation: Influence of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136309. [PMID: 36064021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the break of COVID-19 makes the large use of disposable products, which causes the removal of microplastics become an imperative problem. Electrocoagulation is one of the effective removal technologies, but there is hardly research concentrating on the effect of substrate in the actual water on the microplastics removal with electrocoagulation. As an important role of water bodies, dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a vital and inevitable effect on the efficiency of electrocoagulation. In this study, the effect of DOM in tailwater on microplastics during electrocoagulation is elucidated by comparing the electrocoagulation treatment results between simulated wastewater and tailwater, using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and zeta potential analyzer. Three kinds of microplastic particles (i.e. polypropylene, polyethylene, and polymethyl methacrylate) were added into each of the two kinds of wastewaters to form six electrocoagulation systems. Results show that DOM in tailwater promotes the production of flocs and free radicals during electrocoagulation process. Fe2+ and Fe3+ are adsorbed on the surface of DOM molecules and combined with •OH form flocs. Although DOM accelerates the production of free radicals and thus promotes the aging of microplastics, flocs with DOM as crystal nucleus can prevent toxic substances and small-sized microplastics from leaching into water again. Therefore, electrocoagulation is preferred to removal microplastics in water with high concentration of DOM. This study provides a significant reference for microplastics removal by electrocoagulation in actual water, and promote the practical application of electrocoagulation for microplastics removal in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Luo
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Shuai Fang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Cao
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Predict & Control, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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31
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Hu P, Su K, Sun Y, Li P, Cai J, Yang H. Efficient removal of nano- and micro- sized plastics using a starch-based coagulant in conjunction with polysilicic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157829. [PMID: 35932863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has increasingly become an enormous global challenge due to the ubiquity and uncertain environmental performance, especially for nano- and micro- sized MPs. In this work, the performance and mechanisms in coagulation of 100 nm-5.0 μm sized polystyrene particles using an etherified starch-based coagulant (St-CTA) assisted by polysilicic acid (PSA) were systematically studied on the basis of the changes in MPs removal rates under various pH levels and in the presence of different coexisting inorganic and organic substances, zeta potentials of supernatants, and floc properties. St-CTA in conjunction with PSA had a high performance in coagulation of nano- and micro- sized MPs from water with a lower optimal dose and larger and compacter flocs. Besides, the MPs removal rate can be improved in acidic and coexisting salt conditions. The efficient performance in removal of MPs by this enhanced coagulation was owing to the synergic effect, that is, the effective aggregation of MPs through the charge neutralization of St-CTA followed by the efficient netting-bridging effect of PSA. The effectiveness of this enhanced coagulation was further confirmed by removal of two other typical nano-sized MPs, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride), from different water sources including tap water, river water, and sludge supernatant from a sewage treatment plant. This work provided a novel enhanced coagulation technique that can effectively remove nano- and micro- sized MPs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kexin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yibei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou 362000, PR China.
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Golmohammadi M, Fatemeh Musavi S, Habibi M, Maleki R, Golgoli M, Zargar M, Dumée LF, Baroutian S, Razmjou A. Molecular mechanisms of microplastics degradation: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Ma J, Jia B, Li S, Kong Y, Nie Y, Zhang H, Xiao M, Gao T. Enhanced coagulation of covalent composite coagulant with potassium permanganate oxidation for algae laden water treatment: algae and extracellular organic matter removal. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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34
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He W, Chen X, Xu C, Zhou C, Wang C. Internal interaction between chemically-pretreated polypropylene microplastics and floc growth during flocculation: Critical effect on floc properties and flocculation mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Liu L, Sun Y, Kleinmeyer Z, Habil G, Yang Q, Zhao L, Rosso D. Microplastics separation using stainless steel mini-hydrocyclones fabricated with additive manufacturing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156697. [PMID: 35710015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been widely detected in natural and engineered water systems and removing microplastics from various water matrices has become a major challenge. Mini-hydrocyclones (MHCs) have been previously applied to separate mediums of different phases. Given MHCs' capability of separating fine particles from liquid phase, three MHCs were designed and fabricated in stainless steel with 3D printing. Microplastics of densities that were both lower (<1 g·cm-3) and higher (>1 g·cm-3) than water's density were used to test the separation efficiency in ultra-purified water. The separation test was performed on single-stage MHC as well as MHCs in series in a closed hydraulic circuit. A range of important operational parameters, including split ratio, feed pressure, feed flow rate, and solid concentration, were evaluated to optimize the separation efficiency. The single-stage MHC experiment revealed that >80 % microplastics >20 μm can be effectively removed at the concentration tested, and the separation efficiency peaked at the split ratio of 35 %. MHCs in series demonstrated their ability to further enhance the separation efficiency of the ones with the same density, as well as separate microplastics of different densities. Mini-hydrocyclones' were also used to separate microplastics in synthetic stormwater, and separation efficiency reached 84 % and 98.1 % for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide (PA). The results indicated the MHCs' potential for large-scale application in microplastic separation for industrial and municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yian Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Centre, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
| | - Zeth Kleinmeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Gina Habil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Qinghai Yang
- PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Multiphase Treatment and Pollution Prevention, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Diego Rosso
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Centre, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
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36
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Li J, Dagnew M, Ray MB. Effect of coagulation on microfibers in laundry wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113401. [PMID: 35523274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution in the aquatic system has received significant attention due to their recalcitrant nature and ecotoxicological threat. Municipal wastewater typically contains various microplastics with synthetic microfibers as a significant constituent from the laundry process. The fate of microfibers in conventional wastewater processes is not clearly understood. In this study, the effect of coagulation on microfibers obtained from a lint screen of a domestic dryer and resuspended in pure water, and also in laundry wastewater was investigated using ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride (PACl). The removal efficiency of the microfibers resuspended in pure water varied from 86% to 96% depending on the fiber size ranges: < 90 μm, 90-125 μm, and >125 μm with the smaller size microfibers showing a lower removal efficiency. Surfactant present in detergent in laundry wastewater reduced the microfibers removal efficiency to 0-37%, however, the addition of PACl increased microfibers removal to 90%. The optimal PACl concentrations for ≥90% removal were 1.75, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L for 0.5, 2, 4, 8 mg/L detergent, respectively. Zeta potential, FTIR, and SEM analysis were applied to observe the surface changes of microfibers during coagulation indicating possible mechanisms of coagulation. The dominant mechanisms for coagulation of microfibers by FeCl3 and PACl seem to be charge neutralization and adsorption-bridging. This work provided some insights about the fate of laundry microfibers in primary treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Martha Dagnew
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
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37
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He J, Zhang Y, Ni F, Tian D, Zhang Y, Long L, He Y, Chen C, Zou J. Understanding and characteristics of coagulation removal of composite pollution of microplastic and norfloxacin during water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154826. [PMID: 35341866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water composite pollution is still a great challenge in the field of water treatment. Especially for microplastic (MP), as an emerging pollutant, its wide distribution in water and persistent eco-environmental influence have received great concerns in recent years. Nevertheless, the removal characteristics and mechanism of conventional coagulation on MP composite pollution is quite insufficient. In this study, the coagulation removal performance and mechanisms of MP (polyethylene, PE) and norfloxacin (NOR) was investigated by polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). Compared with single system, the removal efficiency of PE was significantly improved (>99.0%) under plateau stage in composite system, while the removal efficiency of NOR was slightly decreased to around 42% regardless of the addition of APAM. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of experimental data were used to explore the coagulation mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the removal of individual PE and NOR was mainly controlled by charge neutralization and sweep flocculation by PAC and APAM, and adsorption by formation of Al-NOR complex, respectively. Importantly, in composite system, the removal of PE was enhanced not only by the stronger charge neutralization but also the adsorption via the formation of PE-NOR-Al complex. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of PE and NOR in neutral and weak alkaline conditions was higher than that in weak acidic or strong alkaline conditions. The presence of metal ions and humic acid had obvious inhibition and promoting effects on the removal efficiency of PE and NOR. This study can provide a new perspective on fundamental understanding in characteristics and mechanisms of MP composite pollutants removed by coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong He
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Long
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Zou
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Sridharan S, Kumar M, Saha M, Kirkham MB, Singh L, Bolan NS. The polymers and their additives in particulate plastics: What makes them hazardous to the fauna? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153828. [PMID: 35157873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing concerns on global ecosystems and human health, the environmental risks posed by microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become an important topic of research. Their ecological impacts on various faunal species have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, the majority of those studies perceive these micro(nano)-plastics (MNPs) as a single entity rather than a collective term for a group of chemically distinct polymeric particulates. Each of the plastic polymers can possess unique physical and chemical behavior, which, in turn, can determine the possible environmental impacts. Furthermore, many studies explore the adsorption, absorption, and release of other environmental pollutants by MNPs. But only a handful of them explore the leaching of additives possessed by these polymers. Data on the environmental behavior and toxicity of individual additives associated with different polymer particulates are scarce. Knowledge about the leachability and ecotoxicity of the additives associated with environmental MNPs (unlike large plastic particles) remains limited. The ecological impacts of different MNPs together with their additives and the basis of their toxicity have not been explored yet. The present review systematically explores the potential implications of environmentally predominant polymers and their associated additives and discusses their physicochemical characteristics. The review ultimately aims to provide novel insights on what components precisely make MNPs hazardous to the fauna. The paper also discusses the major challenges proposed in the available literature along with recommendations for future research to throw light on possible solutions to overcome the hazards of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Sridharan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahua Saha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Lal Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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39
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Removal of polyvinyl chloride microplastic by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Xue J, Samaei SHA, Chen J, Doucet A, Ng KTW. What have we known so far about microplastics in drinking water treatment? A timely review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 16:58. [PMID: 34697577 PMCID: PMC8527969 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-021-1492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been widely detected in drinking water sources and tap water, raising the concern of the effectiveness of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in protecting the public from exposure to MPs through drinking water. We collected and analyzed the available research articles up to August 2021 on MPs in drinking water treatment (DWT), including laboratory- and full-scale studies. This article summarizes the major MP compositions (materials, sizes, shapes, and concentrations) in drinking water sources, and critically reviews the removal efficiency and impacts of MPs in various drinking water treatment processes. The discussed drinking water treatment processes include coagulation-flocculation (CF), membrane filtration, sand filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Current DWT processes that are purposed for particle removal are generally effective in reducing MPs in water. Various influential factors to MP removal are discussed, such as coagulant type and dose, MP material, shape and size, and water quality. It is anticipated that better MP removal can be achieved by optimizing the treatment conditions. Moreover, the article framed the major challenges and future research directions on MPs and nanoplastics (NPs) in DWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Xue
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - Ariana Doucet
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng
- Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
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