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Quan Z, Li X, Gurmesa GA, Hobbie EA, Huang K, Huang B, Dong J, Sun Z, Wang Y, Ma J, Chen X, Fang Y. Quantifying ecosystem respiration and nitrous oxide emissions from greenhouse cultivation systems via a novel whole-greenhouse static chamber method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 982:179629. [PMID: 40381260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Greenhouse cultivation has expanded rapidly over the past three decades, significantly contributing to global food security and diversity. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these systems remain poorly quantified due to methodological limitations. Here, we introduce a novel framework treating the greenhouse as a large static chamber to infer GHG emissions via nighttime gas accumulation. This approach was validated using two monitoring systems: automated 16-chambers soil flux measurements and whole-greenhouse concentration monitoring over 70 days. Mean soil carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were 29.2 ± 12.9 kg C ha-1 day-1, -1.08 ± 2.31 g C ha-1 day-1, and 105.3 ± 65.6 g N ha-1 day-1 (mean ± SD), respectively. Although CH4 flux was negligible, CO2 and N2O fluxes were significant with high spatiotemporal variability, driven primarily by chamber location and soil temperature. Whole-greenhouse CO2 concentrations accumulated steadily at night and declined rapidly under daylight, whereas N2O concentrations rose continuously, with ventilation events driving release. Nighttime accumulation between 18:00-24:00 provided robust estimates of ecosystem respiration (Re) and N2O emissions, minimizing biases from temperature fluctuations. Validated across 15 greenhouses, this method yielded annualized emissions of 17.8 ± 8.0 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 (Re) and 21.3 ± 19.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (N2O). This highlighted N2O as the dominant direct GHG after accounting for photosynthetic recapture of Re. By bridging spatial heterogeneity and diurnal variability, the whole-greenhouse static-chamber approach advanced GHG quantification in controlled agricultural systems and offered a scalable framework for optimizing management practices and mitigating climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Quan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Weifang Institute of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Weifang 261041, China; National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Zhaoan Sun
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Chammakhi C, Pacoud M, Boscari A, Berger A, Mhadhbi H, Gharbi I, Brouquisse R. Differential regulation of the "phytoglobin-nitric oxide respiration" in Medicago truncatula roots and nodules submitted to flooding. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 352:112393. [PMID: 39827948 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Flooding induces hypoxia in plant tissues, impacting various physiological and biochemical processes. This study investigates the adaptive response of the roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules of Medicago truncatula in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti under short-term hypoxia caused by flooding. Four-week-old plants were subjected to flooding for 1-4 days. Physiological parameters as well as the expression of the senescence marker gene MtCP6 remained unchanged after 4 days of flooding, indicating no senescence onset. Hypoxia was evident from the first day, as indicated by the upregulation of hypoxia marker genes (MtADH, MtPDC, MtAlaAT, MtERF73). Nitrogen-fixing capacity was unaffected after 1 day but markedly decreased after 4 days, while energy state (ATP/ADP ratio) significantly decreased from 1 day and was more affected in nodules than in roots. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased in roots but decreased in nodules after prolonged flooding. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and expression of genes associated with Phytoglobin-NO (Pgb-NO) respiration (MtNR1, MtNR2, MtPgb1.1) were upregulated, suggesting a role in maintaining energy metabolism under hypoxia, but the use of M. truncatula nr1 and nr2 mutants, impaired in nitrite production, indicated the involvement of these two genes in ATP regeneration during initial flooding response. The addition of sodium nitroprusside or tungstate revealed that Pgb-NO respiration contributes significantly to ATP regeneration in both roots and nodules under flooding. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of NR1 and Pgb1.1 in the hypoxic response of legume root systems and show that nodules are more sensitive than roots to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaïma Chammakhi
- UMR INRAE 1355, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France; Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia.
| | - Marie Pacoud
- UMR INRAE 1355, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France.
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- UMR INRAE 1355, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France.
| | - Antoine Berger
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
| | | | - Renaud Brouquisse
- UMR INRAE 1355, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis 06903, France.
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Timilsina A, Neupane P, Yao J, Raseduzzaman M, Bizimana F, Pandey B, Feyissa A, Li X, Dong W, Yadav RKP, Gomez-Casanovas N, Hu C. Plants mitigate ecosystem nitrous oxide emissions primarily through reductions in soil nitrate content: Evidence from a meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175115. [PMID: 39084361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and an ozone-depleting substance. The presence of plants in an ecosystem can either increase or decrease N2O emissions, or play a negligible role in driving N2O emissions. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing ecosystem N2O emissions from planted and unplanted systems to evaluate how plant presence influences N2O emissions and examined the mechanisms driving observed responses. Our results indicate that plant presence reduces N2O emissions while it increases dinitrogen (N2) emissions from ecosystems through decreases in soil nitrate concentration as well as increases in complete denitrification and mineral N immobilization. The response of N2O emissions to plant presence was universal across major terrestrial ecosystems - including forests, grassland and cropland - and it did not vary with N fertilization. Further, in light of the potential mechanisms of N2O formation in plant cells, we discussed how plant presence could enhance the emission of N2O from plants themselves. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms driving N2O emissions in response to plant presence could be beneficial for enhancing the robustness for predictions of our GHG sinks and sources and for developing strategies to minimize emissions at the ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbindra Timilsina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Pritika Neupane
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Jinzhi Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md Raseduzzaman
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fiston Bizimana
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bikram Pandey
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | | | - Nuria Gomez-Casanovas
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Department, Texas A&M, TX, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Qin S, Pang Y, Hu H, Liu T, Yuan D, Clough T, Wrage-Mönnig N, Luo J, Zhou S, Ma L, Hu C, Oenema O. Foliar N 2 O emissions constitute a significant source to atmosphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17181. [PMID: 38372171 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas and causes stratospheric ozone depletion. While the emissions of N2 O from soil are widely recognized, recent research has shown that terrestrial plants may also emit N2 O from their leaves under controlled laboratory conditions. However, it is unclear whether foliar N2 O emissions are universal across varying plant taxa, what the global significance of foliar N2 O emissions is, and how the foliage produces N2 O in situ. Here we investigated the abilities of 25 common plant taxa, including trees, shrubs and herbs, to emit N2 O under in situ conditions. Using 15 N isotopic labeling, we demonstrated that the foliage-emitted N2 O was predominantly derived from nitrate. Moreover, by selectively injecting biocide in conjunction with the isolating and back-inoculating of endophytes, we demonstrated that the foliar N2 O emissions were driven by endophytic bacteria. The seasonal N2 O emission rates ranged from 3.2 to 9.2 ng N2 O-N g-1 dried foliage h-1 . Extrapolating these emission rates to global foliar biomass and plant N uptake, we estimated global foliar N2 O emission to be 1.21 and 1.01 Tg N2 O-N year-1 , respectively. These estimates account for 6%-7% of the current global annual N2 O emission of 17 Tg N2 O-N year-1 , indicating that in situ foliar N2 O emission is a universal process for terrestrial plants and contributes significantly to the global N2 O inventory. This finding highlights the importance of measuring foliar N2 O emissions in future studies to enable the accurate assigning of mechanisms and the development of effective mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Qin
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaxing Pang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huixian Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Timothy Clough
- Department of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Wrage-Mönnig
- Department of Agriculture and the Environment, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Oene Oenema
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Bizimana F, Dong W, Li X, Timilsina A, Zhang Y, Aluoch SO, Qin S, Hu C. Estimating food nitrogen and phosphorus footprints and budgeting nitrogen and phosphorus flows of Rwanda's agricultural food system during 1961-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167693. [PMID: 37820803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are limiting factors for crop production in Rwanda where food security is susceptible to inadequate agricultural techniques, especially fertilization. Understanding N and P footprints for food and their budgets under different fertilized scenarios may help to improve the nutrient use efficiency and crop yield in Rwanda, however, with little information available yet. Here, we estimated food N and P footprints and their budgets for agri-food system in Rwanda using adjusted N-P-Calculator model under fertilized, unfertilized and combined scenarios during 1961-2020. The total food N footprint per capita increased from 4.2, 3.8 and 6.4 (1960s) to 6.8, 4.9 and 9.9 kg N cap-1 yr-1 under combined, unfertilized and fertilized scenarios, respectively (2011-2020). The total food P footprint per capita increased from 0.19, 0.18 and 0.23 (1960s) to 0.31, 0.25 and 0.40 kg P cap-1 yr-1 under combined, unfertilized and fertilized scenarios, respectively (2011-2020). The total N input to croplands increased from 13.9 (1960s) to 37.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (2011-2020), while the total crop N uptake increased from 18.1 (1960s) to 32.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (2011-2020), resulting in N use efficiency decline from 99.1% (1960s) to 74.6% (2011-2020). Gaseous N losses of NH3, N2O, and NO increased from 0.9, 0.1 and 0.0 (1960s) to 7.5, 0.8 and 0.1 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively (2011-2020). The total P removal in harvested crops increased from 2.9 (1960s) to 5.1 kg P ha-1 yr-1 (2011-2020). The results revealed large room for crop yield expansion; and low N and P inputs are major agricultural production limitations. We suggest N and P fertilizer improvement by focusing on better management of organic animal manure and ensuring high biologically N fixed through crop rotation of legumes and cereals; lastly to increase in moderation the use of synthetic N and P fertilizers in Rwanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiston Bizimana
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Arbindra Timilsina
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Stephen Okoth Aluoch
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Saini S, Sharma P, Singh P, Kumar V, Yadav P, Sharma A. Nitric oxide: An emerging warrior of plant physiology under abiotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:58-76. [PMID: 37848156 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment of plants comprises a complex set of various abiotic stresses and their capability to react and survive under this anticipated changing climate is highly flexible and involves a series of balanced interactions between signaling molecules where nitric oxide becomes a crucial component. In this article, we focussed on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in various signal transduction pathways of plants and its positive impact on maintaining cellular homeostasis under various abiotic stresses. Besides this, the recent data on interactions of NO with various phytohormones to control physiological and biochemical processes to attain abiotic stress tolerance have also been considered. These crosstalks modulate the plant's defense mechanism and help in alleviating the negative impact of stress. While focusing on the diverse functions of NO, an effort has been made to explore the functions of NO-mediated post-translational modifications, such as the N-end rule pathway, tyrosine nitration, and S-nitrosylation which revealed the exact mechanism and characterization of proteins that modify various metabolic processes in stressed conditions. Considering all of these factors, the present review emphasizes the role of NO and its interlinking with various phytohormones in maintaining developmental processes in plants, specifically under unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Saini
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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7
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Qin Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liu C, Zhu G. Contribution of Ammonium-Induced Nitrifier Denitrification to N 2O in Paddy Fields. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2970-2980. [PMID: 36719089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paddy fields are one of the most important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), but biogeochemical N2O production mechanisms in the soil profile remain unclear. Our study used incubation, dual-isotope (15N-18O) labeling methods, and molecular techniques to elucidate N2O production characteristics and mechanisms in the soil profile (0-60 cm) during summer fallow, rice cropping, and winter fallow periods. The results pointed out that biotic processes dominated N2O production (72.2-100%) and N2O from the tillage layer accounted for 91.0-98.5% of total N2O in the soil profile. Heterotrophic denitrification (HD) was the main process generating N2O, contributing between 53.4 and 96.6%, the remainder being due to ammonia oxidation pathways, which was further confirmed by metagenomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Nitrifier denitrification (ND) was an important N2O production source, contributing 0-46.6% of total N2O production, which showed similar trends with N2O emissions. Among physicochemical and biological factors, ammonium content and the ratio of total organic matter to nitrate were the main driving factors affecting the contribution ratios of the ammonia oxidation pathways and HD pathway, respectively. Moisture content and pH affect norC-carrying Spirochetes and thus the N2O production rate. These findings confirm the importance of ND to N2O production and help to elucidate the impact of anthropogenic activities, including tillage, fertilization, and irrigation, on N2O production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Wang C, Qi Z, Zhao J, Gao Z, Zhao J, Chen F, Chu Q. Sustainable water and nitrogen optimization to adapt to different temperature variations and rainfall patterns for a trade-off between winter wheat yield and N 2O emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158822. [PMID: 36116657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications is essential to ensure crop yields and lower environmental risks under climate change. The DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was employed to investigate the impacts of irrigation regime (RF, rainfed; MI, minimum irrigation; CI, critical irrigation; FI, full irrigation) and N fertilizer rate (N60, N90, N120, N150, N180, N210, N240, N270, and N300 kg ha-1) on yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from winter wheat growing season under different temperature rise levels (+0, +0.5, +1.0, +1.5, and +2.0 °C scenarios) and precipitation year types (wet, normal, and dry seasons) in the North China Plain. Model evaluations demonstrated that simulated soil temperature, soil moisture, daily N2O flux, yield, and cumulative N2O emissions were generally in close agreement with measurements from field experiment over three growing seasons. By adopting simulation scenarios analysis, the model was then used to explore the effects of irrigation and N fertilizer inputs to balance yield and N2O emissions from winter wheat growing season. Based on reduced water and fertilizer inputs and N2O emissions with little yield penalty, recommended management practices included application of MI-N150 in wet season, CI-N120 in both normal and dry seasons, and CI-N150 for +0 to +2.0 °C scenarios. Recommended practices in different precipitation year types reduced irrigation amount by 75-150 mm, N rate by 75-105 kg N ha-1, yield by 0.16-0.86 t ha-1, cumulative N2O emissions by 0.13-0.64 kg ha-1, and yield-scaled N2O emissions by 15.5-85.0 mg kg-1 compared with current practices. The corresponding metrics for different elevated temperature levels decreased by 75 mm, 75 kg N ha-1, 0.09-0.50 t ha-1, 0.12-0.52 kg ha-1, and 13.7-72.3 mg kg-1, respectively. The proposed management practices can help to maintain high agronomic productivity and alleviate environmental pollution from agricultural ecosystems, thereby providing an important basis for mitigation strategies to adapt to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jiongchao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingquan Chu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kabange NR, Mun BG, Lee SM, Kwon Y, Lee D, Lee GM, Yun BW, Lee JH. Nitric oxide: A core signaling molecule under elevated GHGs (CO 2, CH 4, N 2O, O 3)-mediated abiotic stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994149. [PMID: 36407609 PMCID: PMC9667792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an ancient molecule with multiple roles in plants, has gained momentum and continues to govern plant biosciences-related research. NO, known to be involved in diverse physiological and biological processes, is a central molecule mediating cellular redox homeostasis under abiotic and biotic stresses. NO signaling interacts with various signaling networks to govern the adaptive response mechanism towards stress tolerance. Although diverging views question the role of plants in the current greenhouse gases (GHGs) budget, it is widely accepted that plants contribute, in one way or another, to the release of GHGs (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3)) to the atmosphere, with CH4 and N2O being the most abundant, and occur simultaneously. Studies support that elevated concentrations of GHGs trigger similar signaling pathways to that observed in commonly studied abiotic stresses. In the process, NO plays a forefront role, in which the nitrogen metabolism is tightly related. Regardless of their beneficial roles in plants at a certain level of accumulation, high concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O-mediating stress in plants exacerbate the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. This review assesses and discusses the current knowledge of NO signaling and its interaction with other signaling pathways, here focusing on the reported calcium (Ca2+) and hormonal signaling, under elevated GHGs along with the associated mechanisms underlying GHGs-induced stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkulu Rolly Kabange
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Myeong Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Plant Functional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang, South Korea
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10
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Nitrate–Nitrite–Nitric Oxide Pathway: A Mechanism of Hypoxia and Anoxia Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911522. [PMID: 36232819 PMCID: PMC9569746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is the most crucial substrate for numerous biochemical processes in plants. Its deprivation is a critical factor that affects plant growth and may lead to death if it lasts for a long time. However, various biotic and abiotic factors cause O2 deprivation, leading to hypoxia and anoxia in plant tissues. To survive under hypoxia and/or anoxia, plants deploy various mechanisms such as fermentation paths, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antioxidant enzymes, aerenchyma, and adventitious root formation, while nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), and nitric oxide (NO) have shown numerous beneficial roles through modulating these mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the role of reductive pathways of NO formation which lessen the deleterious effects of oxidative damages and increase the adaptation capacity of plants during hypoxia and anoxia. Meanwhile, the overproduction of NO through reductive pathways during hypoxia and anoxia leads to cellular dysfunction and cell death. Thus, its scavenging or inhibition is equally important for plant survival. As plants are also reported to produce a potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) when supplied with NO3− and NO2−, resembling bacterial denitrification, its role during hypoxia and anoxia tolerance is discussed here. We point out that NO reduction to N2O along with the phytoglobin-NO cycle could be the most important NO-scavenging mechanism that would reduce nitro-oxidative stress, thus enhancing plants’ survival during O2-limited conditions. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in reducing NO toxicity would not only provide insight into its role in plant physiology, but also address the uncertainties seen in the global N2O budget.
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Zhu C, Luo H, Luo L, Wang K, Liao Y, Zhang S, Huang S, Guo X, Zhang L. Nitrogen and Biochar Addition Affected Plant Traits and Nitrous Oxide Emission From Cinnamomum camphora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905537. [PMID: 35620695 PMCID: PMC9127667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) increase contributes substantially to global climate change due to its large global warming potential. Soil N2O emissions have been widely studied, but plants have so far been ignored, even though they are known as an important source of N2O. The specific objectives of this study are to (1) reveal the effects of nitrogen and biochar addition on plant functional traits and N2O emission of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings; (2) find out the possible leaf traits affecting plant N2O emissions. The effects of nitrogen and biochar on plant functional traits and N2O emissions from plants using C. camphora seedlings were investigated. Plant N2O emissions, growth, each organ biomass, each organ nutrient allocation, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. camphora seedlings were measured. Further investigation of the relationships between plant N2O emission and leaf traits was performed by simple linear regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and structural equation model (SEM). It was found that nitrogen addition profoundly increased cumulative plant N2O emissions (+109.25%), which contributed substantially to the atmosphere's N2O budget in forest ecosystems. Plant N2O emissions had a strong correlation to leaf traits (leaf TN, P n , G s , C i , Tr, WUE L , α, ETR max, I k , Fv/Fm, Y(II), and SPAD). Structural equation modelling revealed that leaf TN, leaf TP, P n , C i , Tr, WUE L , α, ETR max, and I k were key traits regulating the effects of plants on N2O emissions. These results provide a direction for understanding the mechanism of N2O emission from plants and provide a theoretical basis for formulating corresponding emission reduction schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Handong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Meizhou Natural Resources Bureau, Meizhou, China
| | - Laicong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kunying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shenshen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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