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de Melo Bastos Cavalcante C, Bruno Oliveira K, Maria Araújo de Souza F, Maria Jatobá Hasten Reiter M, Rodrigues Melo da Silva B, Lavínia da Silva Oliveira K, Vinicius Dos Santos Sales M, Larissa Dias Pacheco A, Santos Siqueira E, de Araújo Costa M, Gomes Dos Santos Neto J, Gabriely Duarte Torres R, Catarina R Leite A, Santana de Melo I, Salgueiro Machado S, Duzzioni M, Leite Góes Gitaí D, Wagner de Castro O. Crack cocaine inhalation increases seizure susceptibility by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109832. [PMID: 38761450 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is a highly addictive and potent stimulant drug. Animal studies have shown that the cholinergic system plays a role in neurotoxicity induced by cocaine or its active metabolites inhalation. Behavioral alterations associated with crack cocaine use include hyperactivity, depressed mood, and decreased seizure threshold. Here we evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, behavioral profile, and the threshold for epileptic seizures in rats that received intrahippocampal pilocarpine (H-PILO) followed by exposure to crack cocaine (H-PILO + CRACK). Animals exposed to H-PILO + CRACK demonstrated increased severity and frequency of limbic seizures. The AChE activity was reduced in the groups exposed to crack cocaine alone (CRACK) and H-PILO + CRACK, whereas levels of ROS remained unchanged. In addition, crack cocaine exposure increased vertical locomotor activity, without changing water and sucrose intake. Short-term memory consolidation remained unchanged after H-PILO, H-PILO + CRACK, and CRACK administration. Overall, our data suggest that crack cocaine inhalation reduced the threshold for epileptic seizures in rats submitted to low doses of pilocarpine through the inhibition of AChE. Taken together, our findings can be useful in the development of effective strategies for preventing and treating the harmful effects of cocaine and crack cocaine on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellysson Bruno Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Araújo de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Rodrigues Melo da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Larissa Dias Pacheco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edite Santos Siqueira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maisa de Araújo Costa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - José Gomes Dos Santos Neto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Gabriely Duarte Torres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina R Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Igor Santana de Melo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Sônia Salgueiro Machado
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Carreño-González AJ, Liberato JL, Celani MVB, Lopes NP, Lopes JLC, Gobbo-Neto L, Fontana ACK, Dos Santos WF. Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against oxidative stress in rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03080-0. [PMID: 38625552 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a condition marked by sudden, self-sustained, and recurring brain events, showcasing unique electro-clinical and neuropathological phenomena that can alter the structure and functioning of the brain, resulting in diverse manifestations. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can be very effective in 30% of patients in controlling seizures. Several factors contribute to this: drug resistance, individual variability, side effects, complexity of epilepsy, incomplete understanding, comorbidities, drug interactions, and no adherence to treatment. Therefore, research into new AEDs is important for several reasons such as improved efficacy, reduced side effects, expanded treatment options, treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, improved safety profiles, targeted therapies, and innovation and progress. Animal models serve as crucial biological tools for comprehending neuronal damage and aiding in the discovery of more effective new AEDs. The utilization of antioxidant agents that act on the central nervous system may serve as a supplementary approach in the secondary prevention of epilepsy, both in laboratory animals and potentially in humans. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a significant compound, widely prevalent in numerous medicinal and food plants, exhibiting an extensive spectrum of biological activities such as neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, among others. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of commercially available CGA in Wistar rats submitted to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model. After 72-h induction of SE, rats received thiopental and were treated for three consecutive days (1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses). Next, brains were collected and studied histologically for viable cells in the hippocampus with staining for cresyl-violet (Nissl staining) and for degenerating cells with Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Moreover, to evaluate oxidative stress, the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified. Rats administered with CGA (30 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant decrease of 59% in the number of hippocampal cell loss in the CA3, and of 48% in the hilus layers after SE. A significant reduction of 75% in the cell loss in the CA3, shown by FJC+ staining, was also observed with the administration of CGA (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, significant decreases of 49% in MDA production and 72% in the activity of SOD were seen, when compared to animals subjected to SE that received vehicle. This study introduces a novel finding: the administration of CGA at a dosage of 30 mg/kg effectively reduced oxidative stress induced by lithium-pilocarpine, with its effects lasting until the peak of neural damage 72 h following the onset of SE. Overall, the research and development of new AEDs are essential for advancing epilepsy treatment, improving patient outcomes, and ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberth Jonnathan Carreño-González
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Batista Celani
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luís Callegari Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ramos‐Riera KP, Beltrán‐Parrazal L, Morgado‐Valle C, Pérez‐Severiano F, Martínez‐Gopar PE, López‐Meraz ML. Type 2 diabetes mellitus facilitates status epilepticus in adult rats: Seizure severity, neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:665-678. [PMID: 38321819 PMCID: PMC10984310 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of DM type 2 (DM2) on SE severity, neurodegeneration, and brain oxidative stress (OS) secondary to seizures. METHODS DM2 was induced in postnatal day (P) 3 male rat pups by injecting streptozocin (STZ) 100 mg/kg; control rats were injected with citrate buffer as vehicle. At P90, SE was induced by the lithium-pilocarpine administration and seizure latency, frequency, and severity were evaluated. Neurodegeneration was assessed 24 h after SE by Fluoro-Jade B (F-JB) staining, whereas OS was estimated by measuring lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS DM2 rats showed an increase in latency to the first generalized seizure and SE onset, had a higher number and a longer duration of seizures, and displayed a larger neurodegeneration in the hippocampus (CA3, CA1, dentate gyrus, and hilus), the piriform cortex, the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and the cortical amygdala. Our results also show that only SE, neither DM2 nor the combination of DM2 with SE, caused the increase in ROS and brain lipid peroxidation. SIGNIFICANCE DM2 causes higher seizure severity and neurodegeneration but did not exacerbate SE-induced OS under these conditions. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Our research performed in animal models suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) may be a risk factor for causing higher seizure severity and seizure-induced neuron cell death. However, even when long-term seizures promote an imbalance between brain pro-oxidants and antioxidants, DM2 does not exacerbate that disproportion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisca Pérez‐Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y NanotecnologíaInstituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”CDMXMexico
| | - Pablo Eliasib Martínez‐Gopar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y NanotecnologíaInstituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”CDMXMexico
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Lee KH, Song JW, Kim CS, Seong H, Shin DM, Shon WJ. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 mediates diet-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Life Sci 2023; 334:122194. [PMID: 37865176 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term consumption of a western diet (WD), which is characterized by high intake of saturated fats and sugary drinks, causes cognitive impairment. However, the molecular mechanism by which WD induces cognitive impairment remains unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), activated by ligands of WD, is expressed in extra-oral tissues, including the brain, and particularly in the hippocampus. This study investigated whether TAS1R3 regulates WD-induced cognitive impairment in mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and Tas1r3 knock-out (KO) mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or WD for 18 weeks. Cognitive functions were assessed using novel object recognition and Barnes maze tests. The mechanisms underlying WD-induced cognitive impairment were assessed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. KEY FINDINGS Cognitive impairment was observed in WT mice fed WD (WT-WD) compared with WT-ND mice. Conversely, mice lacking TAS1R3 were not cognitively impaired even under long-term WD feeding. Hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and increased AMPK-targeted sirtuin 3 expression in KO-WD mice. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that response to oxidative stress was downregulated, whereas neurogenesis was upregulated in dentate gyrus of KO-WD mice. In vitro studies validated the findings, indicating that Tas1r3 knockdown directly upregulated decreased sirtuin 3 expression, its downstream genes-related to oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by WD condition in hippocampal neuron cells. SIGNIFICANCE TAS1R3 acts as a critical mediator of WD-induced cognitive impairment in mice, thereby offering potential as a novel therapeutic target to prevent WD-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Sandouka S, Singh PK, Saadi A, Taiwo RO, Sheeni Y, Zhang T, Deeb L, Guignet M, White SH, Shekh-Ahmad T. Repurposing dimethyl fumarate as an antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:796. [PMID: 37940957 PMCID: PMC10634153 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects over 65 million people worldwide and significantly burdens patients, caregivers, and society. Drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in approximately 30% of patients and growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress contributes to the development of such epilepsies. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which is involved in cellular defense, offers a potential strategy for reducing oxidative stress and epilepsy treatment. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is used to treat multiple sclerosis. METHODS The expression of Nrf2 and its related genes in vehicle or DMF treated rats were determined via RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Neuronal cell death was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The effects of DMF in preventing the onset of epilepsy and modifying the disease were investigated in the kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. The open field, elevated plus maze and T-Maze spontaneous alteration tests were used for behavioral assessments. RESULTS We demonstrate that administration of DMF following status epilepticus increased Nrf2 activity, attenuated status epilepticus-induced neuronal cell death, and decreased seizure frequency and the total number of seizures compared to vehicle-treated animals. Moreover, DMF treatment reversed epilepsy-induced behavioral deficits in the treated rats. Moreover, DMF treatment even when initiated well after the diagnosis of epilepsy, reduced symptomatic seizures long after the drug was eliminated from the body. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that DMF, through the activation of Nrf2, has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for preventing epileptogenesis and modifying epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereen Sandouka
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prince Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aseel Saadi
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rhoda Olowe Taiwo
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yara Sheeni
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Taige Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Larin Deeb
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michelle Guignet
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steve H White
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Epilepsy Drug Discovery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, The School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Che Has AT. The applications of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus: 40 years of progress (1983-2023). Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114551. [PMID: 37348654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurological disorder that can result in various neuropathological conditions and presentations. Various studies involving animal models have been accomplished to understand and replicating its prominent manifestations including characteristics of related clinical cases. Up to these days, there are variety of methods and techniques to be utilized in inducing this disorder that can be chemically or electrically applied which depending on the experimental designs and targets of the studies. In particular, the chemically induced pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a reliable choice which has evolved for 40 years from its initial discovery back in 1983. Although the development of the model can be considered as a remarkable breakthrough in understanding status epilepticus, several aspects of the model have been improved, throughout the years. Among the major issues in developing this model are the morbidity and mortality rates during induction process. Several modifications have been introduced in the process by different studies to tackle the related problems including application of dose fractionation, adaptation of pilocarpine to lithium-pilocarpine model and utilization of various drugs. Despite all challenges and drawbacks, this model has proven its pertinent and relevance with improvements that have been adapted since it was introduced 40 years ago. In this review, we emphasize on the evolution of this animal model from the beginning until now (1983 - 2023) and the related issues that have made this model still a popular choice in status epilepticus studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE, Mansouri E, Ghafouri S, Bakhtiari N, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A. Anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective potentials of anethole in Parkinson's disease-like motor and non-motor symptoms induced by rotenone in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2159-2174. [PMID: 37204660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds are considered a potential therapeutic strategy against PD. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of anethole as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against motor and non-motor deficits induced by rotenone toxicity. Rats were treated with anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) for 5 weeks. After the treatment, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate motor function and depression-/anxiety-like behaviors. After the behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and brains were removed for histological analysis. Striatum samples were also isolated for neurochemical, and molecular analysis. Our data showed that rotenone-induced motor deficit, anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were significantly improved in rats treated with anethole. Furthermore, anethole treatment reduced inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in the striatum of rotenone-induced PD rats. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with anethole markedly suppressed caspase-3 activation induced by rotenone. Moreover, histological examination of striatum showed an increase in the number of surviving neurons after treatment with anethole. Anethole also significantly enhanced the striatal levels of dopamine in rotenone-induced PD rats. In addition, treatment with L-Dopa as a positive control group had effects similar to those of anethole on histological, neurochemical, and molecular parameters in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats. Our results suggested the neuroprotective effects of anethole through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant mechanisms against rotenone-induced toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Li J, Chen S, Wang F, Zhang J, Zeyghami MA, Koohsar F, Ayatollahi AA, Amini A. Effect of Rosiglitazone, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ Agonist, on Apoptosis, Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Kindled Mice. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03951-7. [PMID: 37204549 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that seizure can trigger inflammatory cascades through increasing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines. It has been proved that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects beyond the putative hypoglycemic effects. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on the development of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling via affecting the inflammatory pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group (0.1% DMSO), PTZ-group and rosiglitazone-PTZ-group. Kindling was induced by the administration of PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p) every other day and mice were observed for 20 min after each PTZ injection. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was isolated. The level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) activity were quantified in hippocampus by biochemical methods. The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, caspase-3, iNOS, PPAR-γ, Bcl-2, or Bax factors were measured with western blotting. Also, the quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate the mRNA expression of those factors. Pretreatment with rosiglitazone significantly prevented the progression of kindling in comparison with control group. The rosiglitazone significantly decreased the MDA level and increased the CAT, and SOD levels in the rosiglitazone treated mice compared to those in the PTZ group (P < 0.01). Using real-time PCR and Western blotting assay, similar results were obtained. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, Bax or PPAR-γ were significantly changed in the brain. The results of this study suggest that effect of rosiglitazone may be crucial in its ability to protect against the neuronal damage caused by PTZ induced seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zeyghami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Koohsar
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ayatollahi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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9
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Ramos-Riera KP, Pérez-Severiano F, López-Meraz ML. Oxidative stress: a common imbalance in diabetes and epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:767-782. [PMID: 36598703 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain requires a large amount of energy. Its function can be altered when energy demand exceeds supply or during metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, a chronic disease with a high incidence worldwide, is characterized by high glucose levels (hyperglycemia); however, hypoglycemic states may also occur due to insulin treatment or poor control of the disease. These alterations in glucose levels affect the brain and could cause epileptic seizures and status epilepticus. In addition, it is known that oxidative stress states emerge as diabetes progresses, contributing to the development of diseases secondary to diabetes, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular alterations, and alterations in the central nervous system, such as epileptic seizures. Seizures are a complex of transient signs and symptoms resulting from abnormal, simultaneous, and excessive activity of a population of neurons, and they can be both a cause and a consequence of oxidative stress. This review aims to outline studies linking diabetes mellitus and seizures to oxidative stress, a condition that may be relevant to the development of severe seizures in diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Paola Ramos-Riera
- Doctorado de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Industrial Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suarez," Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269, La Fama, CDMX, México
| | - María Leonor López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Industrial Animas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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10
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George MY, El-Derany MO, Ahmed Y, Zaher M, Ibrahim C, Waleed H, Khaled H, Khaled G, Saleh A, Alshafei H, Alshafei R, Ahmed N, Ezz S, Ashraf N, Ibrahim SS. Design and evaluation of chrysin-loaded nanoemulsion against lithium/pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats; emphasis on formulation, neuronal excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, microglia polarization, and AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:159-174. [PMID: 36446395 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2153831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of chrysin-loaded nanoemulsion (CH NE) against lithium/pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats, as well as, elucidate its effect on main epilepsy pathogenesis cornerstones; neuronal hyperactivity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. METHODS NEs were characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, in vitro release, accelerated and long-term stability studies. Anti-convulsant efficacy of the optimized formula and underlying mechanisms involved were assessed and compared to that from CH suspension given orally at a 30 folds higher dose. RESULTS Optimized formula displayed a droplet size of 48.09 ± 0.83 nm, PDI 0.25 ± 0.011, sustained release, and good stability. CH treatment reduced seizures scoring, corrected behavioral and histological changes induced by Li/Pilo. Moreover, CH restored neurotransmitters balance and oxidative stress markers levels. Besides, CH induced microglia polarization from M1 to M2 hindering inflammation induced by Li/Pilo. Also, CH restored energy metabolism homeostasis via regulating protein expression of AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway markers. CH NE formulation was found to significantly enhance drug delivery to rats' hippocampus compared to CH suspension. CONCLUSION Our findings prove the therapeutic efficacy of CH NE at a lower dose which could be a potential brain targeting platform to combat epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Ahmed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Malvina Zaher
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Caroline Ibrahim
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Habiba Waleed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hajar Khaled
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad Khaled
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Huda Alshafei
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshafei
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirmeen Ahmed
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Ezz
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Ashraf
- Drug Design Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Research progress on oxidative stress regulating different types of neuronal death caused by epileptic seizures. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6279-6298. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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12
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Eslami F, Shayan M, Amanlou A, Rahimi N, Dejban P, Dehpour AR. Pentylenetetrazole preconditioning attenuates severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine in male rats: evaluation of opioid/NMDA receptors and nitric oxide pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:602-613. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Verma R, Sartaj A, Qizilbash FF, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Kala C, Alam MS, Gilani SJ, Taleuzzaman M. An Overview of the Neuropharmacological Potential of Thymoquinone and its Targeted Delivery Prospects for CNS Disorder. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:447-459. [PMID: 35676849 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220608142506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, people and patients worldwide are relying on the medicinal plant as a therapeutic agent over pharmaceuticals because the medicinal plant is considered safer, especially for chronic disorders. Several medicinal plants and their components are being researched and explored for their possible therapeutic contribution to CNS disorders. Thymoquinone (TQ) is one such molecule. Thymoquinone, one of the constituents of Plant Nigella Sativa, is effective against several neurodegenerative diseases like; Alzheimer's, Depression, Encephalomyelitis, Epilepsy, Ischemia, Parkinson's, and Traumatic. This review article presents the neuropharmacological potential of TQ's, their challenges, and delivery prospects, explicitly focusing on neurological disorders along with their chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Since TQ has some pharmacokinetic challenges, scientists have focused on novel formulations and delivery systems to enhance bioavailability and ultimately increase its therapeutic value. In the present work, the role of nanotechnology in neurodegenerative disease and how it improves bioavailability and delivery of a drug to the site of action has been discussed. There are a few limitations for developing novel drug formulation, including solubility, pH, and compatibility of nanomaterials. Since here we are targeting CNS disorders, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) becomes an additional challenge Hence, the review summarized the novel aspects of delivery and biocompatible nanoparticles-based approaches for targeted drug delivery into CNS, enhancing TQ bioavailability and its neurotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062, India
| | - Farheen Fatima Qizilbash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandra Kala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, 342802. Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Shamsher Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- College of Basic Health Science, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan,342008, India
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14
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Abdelbasset WK, Jasim SA, Rudiansyah M, Huldani H, Margiana R, Jalil AT, Mohammad HJ, Ridha HS, Yasin G. Treatment of pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures in adult male mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e260091. [PMID: 35584460 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting most social, economic and biological aspects of human life. Most patients with epilepsy have uncontrolled seizures and drug side effects despite the medications. Patients with epilepsy often have problems with attention, memory, and information processing speed, which may be due to seizures, underlying causes, or anticonvulsants. Therefore, improving seizure control and reducing or changing the anti-epileptic drugs can solve these problems, but these problems will not be solved in most cases. In this work, we looked at the effects of pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes, on pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. The Racine scale was used to classify pilocarpine-induced convulsions. After that, all of the animals were beheaded, and the brain and hippocampus were dissected. Finally, biochemical techniques were used to determine the levels of Malondialdehyde and Catalase activity, as well as Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Reductase in the hippocampus. The results of this investigation suggest that pioglitazone's antioxidant action may play a key role in its neuroprotective properties against pilocarpine-induced seizure neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Abdelbasset
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Giza, Egypt
| | - S A Jasim
- Al-Maarif University College, Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - M Rudiansyah
- Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - H Huldani
- Lambung Mangkurat University, Department of Physiology, Magister Management, Magister Immunology, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia
| | - R Margiana
- Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A T Jalil
- Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Grodno, Belarus.,The Islamic University, College of Technical Engineering, Najaf, Iraq
| | - H J Mohammad
- Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
| | - H Sh Ridha
- Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - G Yasin
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Botany, Multan, Pakistan
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15
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A 10-day mild treadmill exercise performed before an epileptic seizure alleviates oxidative injury in the skeletal muscle and brain tissues of the rats. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1056192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Osuntokun OS, Olayiwola G, Adekomi DA, Oyeyipo IP, Ayoka AO. Proanthocyanidin from Vitis vinifera attenuates memory impairment due to convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 124:108333. [PMID: 34619539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) of Vitis vinifera seed extract on the markers of hippocampal-dependent memory in convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) rat model. One hundred juvenile Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) received propylene glycol (PG 0.1 ml/100 g) intraperitoneally (i.p), while convulsion was induced in groups 2-6 (n = 18 each) using lithium (127 mg/kg i.p) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg i.p). The established CSE rats in groups 2-6 received a daily treatment of PG (0.1 ml i.p), PRF (30 mg/kg i.p), PRF (20 mg/kg BW i.p), PRF (10 mg/kg BW i.p) or diazepam (5 mg/kg BW i.p) for seven days. Thereafter, they were kept untreated but with access to feed and water for 21 days. The control and CSE-treated rats were subjected to behavioral tests, while the biochemical and histomorphological evaluations of the hippocampus were done after the sacrifice. The results were presented as mean ± SEM in graphs or tables. The level of significance was considered when p < 0.05. There was significant decrease in the hippocampal-dependent memory, hippocampal weight and an increased malondialdehyde concentration following CSE. The activities of acetylcholinesterase decreased significantly in the PRF-treated CSE rats. The hippocampal glial cells and granule count increased significantly following CSE, with various neurodegenerative features in the CA1 of the hippocampus. These derangements were attenuated significantly following PRF treatment. Memory impairment following CSE may be attenuated with the administration of PRF from V. vinifera seed in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Samson Osuntokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Gbola Olayiwola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ibukun Peter Oyeyipo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Oladele Ayoka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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17
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Elshony N, Nassar AMK, El-Sayed YS, Samak D, Noreldin A, Wasef L, Saleh H, Elewa YHA, Tawfeek SE, Saati AA, Batiha GES, Tomczyk M, Umezawa M, Shaheen HM. Ameliorative Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Fipronil Impact on Brain Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Cascades in Albino Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:651471. [PMID: 34054412 PMCID: PMC8163223 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.651471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) is an N-phenylpyrazole insecticide that is used extensively in public health and agriculture against a wide range of pests. Exposure to FIP is linked to negative health outcomes in humans and animals including promoting neuronal cell injury, which results in apoptosis through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) on neuronal dysfunction induced by FIP in albino rats. Male rats were randomly classified into four groups: control, FIP (5 mg/kg bwt), CeNPs (35 mg/kg bwt), and FIP + CeNPs (5 (FIP) + 35 (CeNPs) mg/kg bwt), which were treated orally once daily for 28 consecutive days. Brain antioxidant parameters, histopathology, and mRNA expression of genes related to brain function were evaluated. The results revealed oxidative damage to brain tissues in FIP-treated rats indicated by the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On the other hand, the FIP’s group that was treated with CeNPs showed decrease in MDA and NO levels and increase in SOD and GPx enzymes activity. Besides, FIP-treated rats showed decreased butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in comparison to the FIP + CeNPs group. Moreover, FIP caused up-regulation of the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), caspase-3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) but down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) expression. But the FIP + CeNPs group significantly down-regulated the GFAP, NSE, and caspase-3 and up-regulated the gene expression of BCL-2. Additionally, the FIP-treated group of rats had clear degenerative lesions in brain tissue that was reversed to nearly normal cerebral architecture by the FIP + CeNPs treatment. Immunohistochemical examination of brain tissues of rats-treated with FIP showed abundant ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) microglia and caspase-3 and apoptotic cells with nearly negative calbindin and synaptophysin reaction, which were countered by FIP + CeNPs treatment that revealed a critical decrease in caspase-3, Iba-1 reaction with a strong calbindin positive reaction in most of the Purkinje cells and strong synaptophysin reaction in the cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. Based on reported results herein, CeNPs treatment might counteract the neurotoxic effect of FIP pesticide via an antioxidant-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Elshony
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Atef M K Nassar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hamida Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yaser H A Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shereen E Tawfeek
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Saati
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology Soga Laboratory, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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18
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Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Mohammadi S, Yousefi-Manesh H, Vafaei A, Zare M, Dehpour AR. Chronically altered NMDAR signaling in epilepsy mediates comorbid depression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33762011 PMCID: PMC7992813 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy. However, the molecular pathways underlying this association remain unclear. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) may play a role in this association, as its downstream signaling has been shown to undergo long-term changes following excitotoxic neuronal damage. To study this pathway, we used an animal model of fluoxetine-resistant epilepsy-associated depression (EAD). We determined the molecular changes associated with the development of depressive symptoms and examined their response to various combinations of fluoxetine and a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (NI). Depressive symptoms were determined using the forced swim test. Furthermore, expression and phosphorylation levels of markers in the ERK/CREB/ELK1/BDNF/cFOS pathway were measured to determine the molecular changes associated with these symptoms. Finally, oxidative stress markers were measured to more clearly determine the individual contributions of each treatment. While chronic fluoxetine (Flxc) and NI were ineffective alone, their combination had a statistically significant synergistic effect in reducing depressive symptoms. The development of depressive symptoms in epileptic rats was associated with the downregulation of ERK2 expression and ELK1 and CREB phosphorylation. These changes were exactly reversed upon Flxc + NI treatment, which led to increased BDNF and cFOS expression as well. Interestingly, ERK1 did not seem to play a role in these experiments. NI seemed to have augmented Flxc’s antidepressant activity by reducing oxidative stress. Our findings suggest NMDAR signaling alterations are a major contributor to EAD development and a potential target for treating conditions associated with underlying excitotoxic neuronal damage.
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Abstract
Saffron, comprising of dried stigmas of the plant known as Crocus sativus, is one of the most important and scantly cultivated agricultural products. It has been used as a precious spice for the last at least 3500 years. Due to its numerous medicinal qualities and pharmacological applications, it is considered as a “golden condiment”, and its demand and consumptions has risen over a period of time. Although efforts are continuously being made to enhance the productivity in the traditional areas and promote the cultivation of saffron in the newer areas, there are several constraints hindering these efforts. Prevalence of corm rot is one such limiting factor which results in the reduction in saffron production and decline in the area under its cultivation. The disease not only reduces the yield substantially, but also adversely affects the production of daughter corms. Complete understanding and knowledge about the disease is still lacking due to the inadequate information about its etiology and epidemiology. Moreover, due to the non-availability of resistant genotypes and lack of improved cultural practices, presently no effective and sustainable management strategies are available. This review article gives an overall account of the history and impact of saffron corm rot, its present status, yield losses caused by it, dynamics of the pathogens associated with the disease, their survival and dispersal, factors influencing disease intensity, epidemiology and sustainable management strategies. As comprehensive information on the disease is presently not available, an attempt has been made to review the current knowledge regarding corm rot of saffron. The information about the disease discussed here can eventually be beneficial for the growers, students, researchers, plant protection organizations, development departments, extension workers, policy makers, government agencies and public organizations.
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20
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Bojja SL, Medhi B, Anand S, Bhatia A, Joshi R, Minz RW. Metformin ameliorates the status epilepticus- induced hippocampal pathology through possible mTOR modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:137-151. [PMID: 33386490 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial precipitating injury such as SE progresses to chronic epilepsy through multiple epileptogenic processes. Early epileptogenic events are generally characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and abnormal neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Metformin has exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in numerous studies. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of metformin on seizure-induced inflammation and neuronal degeneration, and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in male Wistar rats with systemic administration of Lithium (127 mg/kg) and Pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). In test rats, Metformin 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 days, followed by SE induction. Results indicate that metformin did not alter the SE profile significantly which was evident by the behavioural scoring and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. However, metformin 200 mg/kg attenuated the SE-induced glial activation (p < 0.01), up regulated mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001) and chemokines (p < 0.001) and enhanced BBB permeability (p < 0.05). In addition, metformin ameliorated the insult-induced region-specific neuronal damage (p < 0.01) and restored the hippocampal neuronal density. Metformin significantly inhibited phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (phospho-S6rp) (p < 0.05), thus demonstrating that the beneficial effects might be partly mediated by the mTOR pathway. The study thus reiterates that mTOR signalling is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation and neurodegeneration in early epileptogenesis following SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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21
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Seizure-Induced Oxidative Stress in Status Epilepticus: Is Antioxidant Beneficial? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111029. [PMID: 33105652 PMCID: PMC7690410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which affects patients physically and mentally and causes a real burden for the patient, family and society both medically and economically. Currently, more than one-third of epilepsy patients are still under unsatisfied control, even with new anticonvulsants. Other measures may be added to those with drug-resistant epilepsy. Excessive neuronal synchronization is the hallmark of epileptic activity and prolonged epileptic discharges such as in status epilepticus can lead to various cellular events and result in neuronal damage or death. Unbalanced oxidative status is one of the early cellular events and a critical factor to determine the fate of neurons in epilepsy. To counteract excessive oxidative damage through exogenous antioxidant supplements or induction of endogenous antioxidative capability may be a reasonable approach for current anticonvulsant therapy. In this article, we will introduce the critical roles of oxidative stress and further discuss the potential use of antioxidants in this devastating disease.
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22
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Yang B, Liang RS, Wu XY, Lin YJ. LncRNA TUG1 inhibits neuronal apoptosis in status epilepticus rats via targeting the miR-421/mTOR axis. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109787. [PMID: 33007387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. However, the underlying mechanism in SE is not fully understood. Recently, lncRNA TUG1 is reported as a significant mediator in neuronal development. In present study, we aimed to investigate whether lncRNA TUG1 induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE rat models. TUG1 expression in serum of normal volunteers and SE patients, SE rats and neurons with epileptiform discharge was detected. SE rat model was established and intervened with TUG1 to evaluate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. The experiments in vitro were further performed in neurons with epileptiform discharge to verify the effects of TUG1 on neuronal apoptosis of SE rats. The downstream mechanism of TUG1 was predicted and verified. miR-421 was intervened to perform the rescue experiments. Levels of oxidative stress and inflammation-related factors and mTOR pathway-related proteins in SE rats and hippocampal neurons were detected. TUG1 was highly expressed in serum of SE patients, SE rats and neurons with epileptiform discharge. Inhibition of TUG1 relieved pathological injury, oxidative stress and inflammation and reduced neuronal apoptosis in SE rats, which were further verified in hippocampal neurons. TUG1 upregulated TIMP2 expression by targeting miR-421. Overexpressed miR-421 inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. TUG1 knockout inactivated the mTOR pathway via the miR-421/TIMP2 axis to relieve neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in SE rats and hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these findings showed that downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE rats, and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation damage through regulating the miR-421/mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Liang
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xi-Yao Wu
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Jing Lin
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Eslami F, Rahimi N, Ostovaneh A, Ghasemi M, Dejban P, Abbasi A, Dehpour AR. Sumatriptan reduces severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine through nitrergic transmission and 5-HT 1B/D receptors in rats: A pharmacological-based evidence. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:131-140. [PMID: 32662118 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurologic disorder that can be as both cause and consequence of neuroinflammation. In addition to previous reports on anti-inflammatory property of the anti-migraine medication sumatriptan, we have recently shown its anticonvulsive effects on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice. In the present study, we investigated further (i) the effects of sumatriptan in the lithium-pilocarpine SE model in rats, and (ii) the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO), 5-hydroxytryptamin 1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D ) receptor, and inflammatory pathways in such effects of sumatriptan. Status epilepticus was induced by lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, i.p) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats. While SE induction increased SE scores and mortality rate, sumatriptan (0.001-1 mg/kg, i.p.) improved it (P < 0.001). Administration of the selective 5-HT1B/1D antagonist GR-127935 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the anticonvulsive effects of sumatriptan (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.). Although both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and NO levels were markedly elevated in the rats' brain tissues post-SE induction, pre-treatment with sumatriptan significantly reduced both TNF-α (P < 0.05) and NO (P < 0.001) levels. Combined GR-127935 and sumatriptan treatment inhibited these anti-inflammatory effects of sumatriptan, whereas combined non-specific NOS (L-NAME) or selective neuronal NOS (7-nitroindazole) inhibitors and sumatriptan further reduced NO levels. In conclusion, sumatriptan exerted a protective effect against the clinical manifestations and mortality rate of SE in rats which is possibly through targeting 5-HT1B/1D receptors, neuroinflammation, and nitrergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Aysa Ostovaneh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Pegah Dejban
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhu W, Yu J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Cui Y, Pan X, Gao X, Sun H. Succinate accumulation induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and promotes status epilepticus in the kainic acid rat model. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101365. [PMID: 31707354 PMCID: PMC6854095 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though succinate accumulation is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and neuronal injury, which play critical roles in epilepsy, it is unclear whether succinate accumulation contributes to the onset of epilepsy or seizures. We sought to investigate changes in succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX levels, as well as mitophagy and neuronal change, in different status epilepticus (SE) rat models. Our results demonstrate that KA-induced SE was accompanied by increased levels of succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX, as well as mitophagy and neuronal degeneration. The similarly increased levels of succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX were also found in pilocarpine-induced SE. Moreover, the reduction of succinate accumulation by the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate/aspartate shuttle (MAS), or purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) served to reduce succinate, oxidative stress, and mito-SOX levels, thereby preventing oxidative stress-related neuronal damage and lessening seizure severity. Interestingly, simulating succinate accumulation with succinic acid dimethyl ester may induce succinate accumulation and increased oxidative stress and mito-SOX levels, as well as behavior and seizures in electroencephalograms similar to those observed in rats exposed to KA. Our results indicate that succinate accumulation may contribute to the increased oxidative stress/mitochondrial ROS levels, neuronal degeneration, and SE induced by KA administration. Furthermore, we found that succinate accumulation was mainly due to the inverse catalysis of SDH from fumarate, which was supplemented by the MAS and PNC pathways. These results reveal new insights into the mechanisms underlying SE and that reducing succinate accumulation may be a clinically useful therapeutic target in SE. KA- or pilocarpine-induced SE was accompanied by succinate accumulation. Succinate accumulation caused elevated ROS/mito-ROS levels and neuronal injury. Inverse catalysis of SDH from fumarate mainly caused succinate accumulation. Inhibiting succinate accumulation relieved oxidative stress level, neuronal injury, and seizure. Simulating succinate accumulation induced elevated oxidative stress level and seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Liu X, Rao S, Wang J. Intravenous thrombolysis in combination with mild hypothermia therapy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:1161-1166. [PMID: 31372161 PMCID: PMC6659097 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis in combination with mild hypothermia therapy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital were selected and grouped into a control group and an observation group, 66 each group. Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment in combination with local mild hypothermia therapy, and patients in the observation group were given rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis on the basis of conventional treatment and local mild hypothermia therapy. National institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and intracranial pressure (ICP) of the two groups before and after treatment was recorded. The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. The modified Rankin scale (MRS) score was followed up for three months. The blood samples of the patients were collected before and after thrombolysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the plasma were detected. Results The NIHSS score of the two groups decreased in the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after treatment compared to before treatment (p<0.05), but the NIHSS score of the two groups had no significant difference at different time points after treatment (p>0.05). The ICP of the two groups decreased in the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after treatment compared to before treatment (p<0.05), and the decrease of ICP of the observation group was more significant than that of the control group at the same time point (1st, 3rd and 7th day after treatment) (p<0.05). The clinical efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The MDA concentration of both groups decreased at different time points after treatment (p<0.05), but the SOD concentration increased (p<0.05). The MDA concentration of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at different time points after treatment (p<0.05), and the SOD concentration of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis in combination with mild hypothermia therapy has significant efficacy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. It can effectively relieve neurological function. Its action mechanism may be realized by relieving oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Xiaoying Liu Departments of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
| | - Shengli Rao
- Shengli Rao Departments of Emergency, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Jiajia Wang Departments of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
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Colciaghi F, Nobili P, Cipelletti B, Cagnoli C, Zambon S, Locatelli D, de Curtis M, Battaglia GS. Targeting PSD95-nNOS interaction by Tat-N-dimer peptide during status epilepticus is neuroprotective in MAM-pilocarpine rat model. Neuropharmacology 2019; 153:82-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dong P, Ji X, Han W, Han H. Oxymatrine exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory effects on Aβ 1-42-induced primary microglia cells by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105686. [PMID: 31207405 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), isolated from Sophora flavescens or Sophora alopecuroides, possesses various pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. Microglia cells, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a key role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the neuroinflammatory effects of OMT and its mechanisms were investigated by Aβ1-42-induced rat brain tissue model and primary microglia cells model. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry results showed that OMT could reduce neuronal damage and inhibit microglia activation in the model tissue. The in vitro experiments revealed that OMT could decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO), and down-regulate the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, OMT inhibited phosphorylation of JNK, ERK 1/2, P-p38 and NF-κB in Aβ1-42-induced microglia cells. In summary, OMT exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the anti-inflammatory activity of OMT is related to the regulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Han
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hua Han
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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"Special K" Drug on Adolescent Rats: Oxidative Damage and Neurobehavioral Impairments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5452727. [PMID: 31001375 PMCID: PMC6437740 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5452727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is used in clinical practice as an anesthetic that pharmacologically modulates neurotransmission in postsynaptic receptors, such as NMDA receptors. However, widespread recreational use of ketamine in "party drug" worldwide since the 1990s quickly spread to the Asian orient region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the behavioral and oxidative effects after immediate withdrawal of intermittent administration of ketamine in adolescent female rats. For this, twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and ketamine group (n = 10/group). Animals received ketamine (10 mg/kg/day) or saline intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. Three hours after the last administration, animals were submitted to open field, elevated plus-maze, forced swim tests, and inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Twenty-four hours after behavioral tests, the blood and hippocampus were collected for the biochemical analyses. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitrite, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the blood samples. Nitrite and LPO were measured in the hippocampus. The present findings demonstrate that the early hours of ketamine withdrawal induced oxidative biochemistry unbalance in the blood samples, with elevated levels of nitrite and LPO. In addition, we showed for the first time that ketamine withdrawal induced depressive- and anxiety-like profile, as well as short-term memory impairment in adolescent rodents. The neurobehavioral deficits were accompanied by the hippocampal nitrite and LPO-elevated levels.
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Kainate Induced Status Epilepticus and Associated Co-morbidities; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Process Design of the Antioxidant Shuidouchi and Its Effect on Preventing Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis in Mice via Antioxidant Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Shuidouchi is a traditionally fermented soybean product in China. Shuidouchi production requires a variety of processes; however, the production process has not been standardized. It can be developed into high-quality products with enhanced health effects by improving the design of its fermentation process and increasing the content of its active ingredients. In this study, a single-factor experiment was conducted that established different process conditions to determine the fermentation conditions that achieve the highest content of active ingredients and the best in vitro antioxidant effect. The effect of Shuidouchi on the prevention of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice was also observed. The obtained results indicated that the optimal process conditions involved soaking for 12 h, placement in a glass container, and fermentation at 35 °C for 48 h. Shuidouchi that was fermented under such conditions had the highest level of soybean isoflavones and exerted greater antioxidant effects than if fermented under other conditions. The Shuidouchi extract (soaking twice the quantity of water for 12 h, placing in a glass container, and fermenting at 35 °C for 48 h) obtained by using the optimal fermentation process can prevent the shortening of the colon and increase the weight-to-length ratio of the colon that is caused by colitis. Shuidouchi extraction not only effectively reduces the disease activity index and the levels of serum endothelin (ET), substance P (SP), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), it also increases the levels of somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) of mice with colitis. In addition, Shuidouchi extraction increased the levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in colitis mice; in contrast, Shuidouchi decreased the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the colon of mice with colitis. Further detection of mRNA in colon tissues showed that Shuidouchi extraction can upregulate the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), c-Kit, and the stem cell factor (SCF). Furthermore, it can downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) in the colon of mice with colitis. Further experimental results showed that Shuidouchi could reduce the protein expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in colitic mice. Therefore, the improved processing of Shuidouchi inhibits colitis, which is directly related to the high content of soybean isoflavones.
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Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase Activation by Apocynin Rescues Seizure-Induced Reduction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103087. [PMID: 30304850 PMCID: PMC6212849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynin, also known as acetovanillone, is a natural organic compound structurally related to vanillin. Apocynin is known to be an inhibitor of NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity and is highly effective in suppressing the production of superoxide. The neuroprotective effects of apocynin have been investigated in numerous brain injury settings, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and epilepsy. Our lab has demonstrated that TBI or seizure-induced oxidative injury and neuronal death were reduced by apocynin treatment. Several studies have also demonstrated that neuroblast production is transiently increased in the hippocampus after seizures. Here, we provide evidence confirming the hypothesis that long-term treatment with apocynin may enhance newly generated hippocampal neuronal survival by reduction of superoxide production after seizures. A seizure was induced by pilocarpine [(25 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)] injection. Apocynin was continuously injected for 4 weeks after seizures (once per day) into the intraperitoneal space. We evaluated neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and doublecortin (DCX) immunostaining to determine whether treatment with apocynin increased neuronal survival and neurogenesis in the hippocampus after seizures. The present study indicates that long-term treatment of apocynin increased the number of NeuN⁺ and DCX⁺ cells in the hippocampus after seizures. Therefore, this study suggests that apocynin treatment increased neuronal survival and neuroblast production by reduction of hippocampal oxidative injury after seizures.
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Ali AE, Mahdy HM, Elsherbiny DM, Azab SS. Rifampicin ameliorates lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures, consequent hippocampal damage and memory deficit in rats: Impact on oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic machineries. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:431-443. [PMID: 30195730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the serious neurological sequelae of bacterial meningitis. Rifampicin, the well-known broad spectrum antibiotic, is clinically used for chemoprophylaxis of meningitis. Besides its antibiotic effects, rifampicin has been proven to be an effective neuroprotective candidate in various experimental models of neurological diseases. In addition, rifampicin was found to have promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Herein, we investigated the anticonvulsant effect of rifampicin at experimental meningitis dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.) using lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Additionally, we studied the effect of rifampicin on seizure induced histopathological, neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities. Our study showed that rifampicin pretreatment attenuated seizure activity and the resulting hippocampal insults marked by hematoxylin and eosin. Markers of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis were evaluated, in the hippocampus, 24 h after SE induction. We found that rifampicin pretreatment suppressed oxidative stress as indicated by normalized malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Rifampicin pretreatment attenuated SE-induced neuroinflammation and decreased the hippocampal expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa-B, and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, rifampicin mitigated SE-induced neuronal apoptosis as indicated by fewer positive cytochrome c immunostained cells and lower caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Morris water maze testing at 7 days after SE induction showed that rifampicin pretreatment can improve cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, rifampicin, currently used in the management of meningitis, has a potential additional advantage of ameliorating its epileptic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Nirwan N, Siraj F, Vohora D. Inverted-U response of lacosamide on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and oxidative stress in C57BL/6 mice is independent of hippocampal collapsin response mediator protein-2. Epilepsy Res 2018; 145:93-101. [PMID: 29935443 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, lacosamide (LCM) is not approved for use in status epilepticus (SE) but several shreds of evidence are available to support its use. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the effect of LCM on pilocarpine (PILO) induced SE and neurodegeneration in C57BL/6 mice and to ascertain the involvement of CRMP-2 in mediating above effect. METHODS Pilocarpine-induced SE model was developed to explore the effect of LCM 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg in mice. We assessed the seizure severity, seizure latency, spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) and motor coordination by behavioral observation. Histopathological evaluation and measurement of the levels of CRMP-2, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were carried out in mice hippocampus. RESULTS LCM exhibited a biphasic effect i.e., protection against SE at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose whilst aggravated seizure-like behavior and mortality at 80 mg/kg. Further, it increased percentage alternation (i.e., restored spatial memory) in SAB and elevated motor impairment with increasing dose. Histologically, LCM 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (but not 80 mg/kg) reduced neurodegeneration. LCM 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg reversed the elevated MDA and GSH levels while 80 mg/kg showed a tendency to increase oxidative stress. In contrast, LCM (at all doses) reversed the pilocarpine-induced elevation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2). CONCLUSION LCM protected against pilocarpine-induced SE, associated neurodegeneration and improved pilocarpine-associated impairment of spatial memory. The study reveals that CRMP-2 may not be mediating the inverted-U-response of LCM at least in pilocarpine model. Therefore, the anti-oxidant effect of LCM (and not its ability to modulate CRMP-2) was anticipated as the mechanism underlying neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Nirwan
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Safdarjang Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Increased Superoxide Dismutase 2 by Allopregnanolone Ameliorates ROS-Mediated Neuronal Death in Mice with Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1464-1475. [PMID: 29855848 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with dysfunction of the antioxidant defense system, such as that involving superoxide dismutase (SOD), may play a major role in neuronal death following status epilepticus (SE). Neurosteroids, which are allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor in cerebral metabolism, have been suggested as being neuroprotective in various animal models; however, their effect to preventing ROS has not been examined. Herein, we investigate the neuroprotective role of allopregnanolone, the prototypical neurosteroid in the brain, in relation to the ROS-mediated neuronal injury. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to SE and treated with allopregnanolone. Hippocampal cell death was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and ROS production was investigated by in situ detection of oxidized hydroethidine. SOD2 expression was analyzed by both western blot and immunofluorescent staining in the hippocampal subfields. In mice treated with allopregnanolone after SE, hippocampal cell death, DNA fragmentation, oxidative DNA damage, and ROS production were reduced significantly compared to mice subjected to vehicle treatment after SE. Hippocampal SOD2 expression was significantly increased by allopregnanolone. These finding suggest that allopregnanolone plays a neuroprotective role, with not only anticonvulsant but also antioxidant effects, by increasing SOD2 in pilocarpine-induced SE model.
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Shahri AMP, Samini F. The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818761455. [PMID: 29662431 PMCID: PMC5898665 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818761455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, exhibited very useful biomedical effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and antiasthmatic effects. There are several studies about pharmacological activities of TQ but its neuroprotection effects are not fully described. The literature search has indicated many studies pertaining to the effects of TQ in neurological problems such as epilepsy, parkinsonism, anxiety, and improvement of learning and memory, and so on. In addition, TQ protected brain cells from various injuries due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects in cell line and experimental animal models. The present study has been designed to review the scientific literature about the pharmacological activities of TQ to the neurological diseases. This study purposed that although experimental studies indicated the beneficial effects of TQ against nervous system problems, better designed clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mahhad, Iran
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Xiong TQ, Chen LM, Tan BH, Guo CY, Li YN, Zhang YF, Li SL, Zhao H, Li YC. The effects of calcineurin inhibitor FK506 on actin cytoskeleton, neuronal survival and glial reactions after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice. Epilepsy Res 2018; 140:138-147. [PMID: 29358156 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After status epilepticus (SE), actin cytoskeleton (F-actin) becomes progressively deconstructed in the hippocampus, which is consistent with the delayed pyramidal cell death in both time course and spatial distribution. A variety of experiments show that calcineurin inhibitors such as FK506 are able to inhibit the SE-induced actin depolymerization. However, it is still unclear what changes happen to the F-actin in the epileptic brain after FK506 treatment. A pilocarpine model of SE in mice was used to examine the effects of FK506 on the F-actin in the hippocampal neurons. The post SE (PSE) mice with or without FK506 treatment were monitored consecutively for 14 days to examine the frequency and duration of spontaneous seizures. The effects of FK506 on the activity of cofilin and actin dynamics were assessed at 7 and 14 d PSE by western blots. The organization of F-actin, neuronal cell death, and glial reactions were investigated by phalloidin staining, histological and immunocytochemical staining, respectively. As compared to the PSE + vehicle mice, FK506 treatment significantly decreased the frequency and duration of spontaneous seizures. Relative to the PSE + vehicle mice, western blots detected a partial restoration of phosphorylated cofilin and a significant increase of F/G ratio in the hippocampus after FK506 treatment. In the PSE + vehicle mice, almost no F-actin puncta were left in the CA1 and CA3 subfields at 7 and 14 d PSE. FK506-treated PSE mice showed a similar decrease of F-actin, but the extent of damage was significantly ameliorated. Consistently, the surviving neurons became significantly increased in number after FK506 treatment, relative to the PSE + vehicle groups. After FK506 treatment, microglial reaction was partially inhibited, but the expression of GFAP was not significantly changed, compared to the PSE + vehicle mice. The results suggest that post-epileptic treatment with FK506 ameliorated, but could not stop the deconstruction of F-actin or the delayed neuronal loss in the PSE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Ling-Meng Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Yong-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China.
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Protective Effects of Protocatechuic Acid on Seizure-Induced Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010187. [PMID: 29316696 PMCID: PMC5796136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a type of phenolic acid found in green tea and has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of PCA on pilocarpine seizure-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of PCA on seizure-induced brain injury. Epileptic seizure was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pilocarpine (25 mg/kg) in adult male rats, and PCA (30 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal space for three consecutive days after the seizure. Neuronal injury and oxidative stress were evaluated three days after a seizure. To confirm whether PCA increases neuronal survival and reduced oxidative injury in the hippocampus, we performed Fluoro-Jade-B (FJB) staining to detect neuronal death and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) staining to detect oxidative stress after the seizure. In the present study, we found that, compared to the seizure vehicle-treated group, PCA administration reduced neuronal death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. To verify whether a decrease of neuronal death by PCA treatment was due to reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, we measured glutathione with N-ethylmaleimide (GS-NEM) levels in hippocampal neurons. A seizure-induced reduction in the hippocampal neuronal GSH concentration was preserved by PCA treatment. We also examined whether microglia activation was affected by the PCA treatment after a seizure, using CD11b staining. Here, we found that seizure-induced microglia activation was significantly reduced by the PCA treatment. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that PCA deserves further investigation as a therapeutic agent for reducing hippocampal neuronal death after epileptic seizures.
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Administration of Protocatechuic Acid Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122510. [PMID: 29168791 PMCID: PMC5751113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was first purified from green tea and has shown numerous biological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The effect of PCA on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuronal death has not previously been evaluated. TBI is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. TBI causes neuronal death in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PCA on TBI-induced neuronal death. Here, TBI was induced by a controlled cortical impact model using rats. PCA (30 mg/kg) was injected into the intraperitoneal (ip) space immediately after TBI. Neuronal death was evaluated with Fluoro Jade-B (FJB) staining at 24 h after TBI. Oxidative injury was detected by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), glutathione (GSH) concentration was analyzed by glutathione adduct with N-ethylmaleimide (GS-NEM) staining at 24 h after TBI, and microglial activation in the hippocampus was detected by CD11b immunohistochemistry at one week after TBI. We found that the proportion of degenerating neurons, oxidative injury, GSH depletion, and microglia activation in the hippocampus and cortex were all reduced by PCA treatment following TBI. Therefore, our study suggests that PCA may have therapeutic potential in preventing TBI-induced neuronal death.
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Solanki N, Salvi A, Patki G, Salim S. Modulating Oxidative Stress Relieves Stress-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Impairments in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:550-561. [PMID: 28339814 PMCID: PMC5492781 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent psychological stress often leads to anxiety disorders and depression. Benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are popular treatment options but have limited efficacy, supporting the need for alternative treatment. Based on our recent preclinical work suggesting a causal link between neurobehavioral deficits and elevated oxidative stress, we hypothesized that interventions that mitigate oxidative stress can attenuate/overcome neurobehavioral deficits. Methods Here, we employed the rat social defeat model of psychological stress to determine whether increasing antioxidant levels using grape powder would prevent and/or reverse social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits. Furthermore, a hippocampal-derived HT22 cell culture model of oxidative stress was employed to identify the individual beneficial constituent(s) of grape powder and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. Results Grape powder treatment prevented and reversed social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits and also decreased social defeat-induced increase in plasma corticosterone and 8-isoprostane (systemic and oxidative stress markers, respectively). And grape powder treatment replenished social defeat-induced depleted pool of key antioxidant enzymes glyoxalase-1, glutathione reducatse-1, and superoxide dismutase. Grape powder constituents, quercetin and resveratrol, were most effective in preventing oxidative stress-induced decreased cellular antioxidant capacity. Grape powder protected oxidative stress-induced cell death by preventing calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, and release of cytochrome c. Conclusions Grape powder treatment by increasing antioxidant pool and preventing cell damage and death prevented and reversed social defeat-induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in rats. Quercetin and resveratrol are the major contributors towards beneficial effects of grape powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ankita Salvi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Kandeda AK, Taiwe GS, Moto FCO, Ngoupaye GT, Nkantchoua GCN, Njapdounke JSK, Omam JPO, Pale S, Kouemou N, Ngo Bum E. Antiepileptogenic and Neuroprotective Effects of Pergularia daemia on Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:440. [PMID: 28713279 PMCID: PMC5492699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Pergularia daemia roots (PDR) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In in vivo studies, status epilepticus caused by pilocarpine injection triggers epileptogenesis which evolves during about 1–2 weeks. After 2 h of status epilepticus, mice were treated during the epileptogenesis period for 7 days with sodium valproate and vitamin C (standards which demonstrated to alter epileptogenesis), or Pergularia daemia. The animals were then, 1 week after status epilepticus, challenged with acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) administration to test behaviorally the susceptibility to a convulsant agent of animals treated or not with the plan extract. Memory was assessed after PTZ administration in the elevated plus maze and T-maze paradigms at 24 and 48 h. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase activities were determined in the hippocampus after sacrifice, in vitro studies were conducted using embryonic rat primary cortical cultures exposed to L-glutamate. Cell survival rate was measured and apoptotic and necrotic cell death determined. The results showed that chronic oral administration of PDR significantly and dose-dependently increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures and generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and the seizure score. In addition, PDR at all doses (from 4.9 to 49 mg/kg) significantly decreased the initial and retention transfer latencies in the elevated plus maze. Interestingly PDR at the same doses significantly increased the time spent and the number of entries in T-maze novel arm. PDR significantly increased the activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione and proteins, and decreased malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, PDR increased viability rate of primary cortical neurons after L-glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, in a dose dependent manner. Altogether these results suggest that PDR has antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects, which could be mediated by antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine K Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé IYaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Germain S Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Fleur C O Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde IYaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gwladys T Ngoupaye
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Gisele C N Nkantchoua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean P O Omam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde IYaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simon Pale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Nadege Kouemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Institute of Mining and Petroleum Industries, University of MarouaKaele, Cameroon
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Farghaly HS, Farrag MM, Abdel-Rahman MS, Abdel-Wahab BA. A potential mechanism for the ameliorative effect of thymoquinone on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:553-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Shao YY, Li B, Huang YM, Luo Q, Xie YM, Chen YH. Thymoquinone Attenuates Brain Injury via an Anti-oxidative Pathway in a Status Epilepticus Rat Model. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:9-14. [PMID: 28400978 PMCID: PMC5384046 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Status epilepticus (SE) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to seizure-induced brain injury. It is well known that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in status epilepticus (SE). Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive monomer extracted from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil that has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activity in various diseases. This study evaluated the protective effects of TQ on brain injury in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model of SE and investigated the underlying mechanism related to antioxidative pathway. METHODS Electroencephalogram and Racine scale were used to value seizure severity. Passive-avoidance test was used to determine learning and memory function. Moreover, anti-oxidative activity of TQ was observed using Western blot and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. RESULTS Latency to SE increased in the TQ-pretreated group compared with rats in the model group, while the total power was significantly lower. Seizure severity measured on the Racine scale was significantly lower in the TQ group compared with the model group. Results of behavioral experiments suggest that TQ may also have a protective effect on learning and memory function. Investigation of the protective mechanism of TQ showed that TQ-pretreatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 proteins and SOD in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION These findings showed that TQ attenuated brain injury induced by SE via an anti-oxidative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ye Shao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yong-Mei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yang-Mei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ying-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Evaluating the role of astrocytes on β-estradiol effect on seizures of Pilocarpine epileptic model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 797:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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El-Sheikh AAK, Kamel MY. Ginsenoside-Rb1 ameliorates lithium-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity: Differential regulation of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1873-1884. [PMID: 27847198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Ginsenoside-Rb1 (GRb1) on lithium (Li+)-induced toxicity, GRb1 was given to rats orally (100mg/kg) for 14days. In independent groups, lithium chloride (4meq/kg/day i.p.) was administered at day 4 of the experiment for 10days, with or without GRb1. Li+ caused significant deterioration of behavioral responses including righting reflex, spontaneous motor activity and catalepsy. Li+ also caused distortion in normal renal, cerebral and cerebellum architecture and significantly worsened all kidney functional parameters tested compared to control. In addition, Li caused oxidative stress in both kidney and brain, evident by significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, with decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Administration of GRb1 prior to Li+ significantly improved behavioral responses, renal and brain histopathological picture, kidney function tests and oxidative stress markers compared to sole Li+-treated group. Concomitant administration of GRb1 decreased Li+ levels by about 50% in serum, urine and brain and by 35% in the kidney. Interestingly, Li+ had a differential effect on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, as it significantly increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 level in the kidney, while decreasing them in the brain compared to control. On the other hand, administering GRb1 with Li+ suppressed COX-2/PGE2 pathway in both kidney and brain compared to Li+ alone. In conclusion, GRb1 can alter Li+ pharmacokinetics resulting in extensively decreasing its serum and tissue concentrations. Furthermore, COX-2/PGE2 pathway has a mechanistic role in the nephro- and neuro-protective effects of GRb1 against Li+-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Y Kamel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
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Carmona-Aparicio L, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, González-Trujano ME, Sampieri AI, Montesinos-Correa H, Granados-Rojas L, Floriano-Sánchez E, Coballase-Urrutía E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Status epilepticus: Using antioxidant agents as alternative therapies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1957-1962. [PMID: 27698680 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epileptic state, or status epilepticus (SE), is the most serious situation manifested by individuals with epilepsy, and SE events can lead to neuronal damage. An understanding of the molecular, biochemical and physiopathological mechanisms involved in this type of neurological disease will enable the identification of specific central targets, through which novel agents may act and be useful as SE therapies. Currently, studies have focused on the association between oxidative stress and SE, the most severe epileptic condition. A number of these studies have suggested the use of antioxidant compounds as alternative therapies or adjuvant treatments for the epileptic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of The Reticular Formation Reticular, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Aristides Iii Sampieri
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04150, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Military School of Graduate of Health, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Secretariat of National Defense, Mexico City 11270, Mexico
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González-Reyes S, Santillán-Cigales JJ, Jiménez-Osorio AS, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Guevara-Guzmán R. Glycyrrhizin ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in hippocampus and olfactory bulb in lithium/pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Epilepsy Res 2016; 126:126-33. [PMID: 27490898 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a triterpene present in the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra that has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. Recently, it was demonstrated that GL produced neuroprotective effects on the postischemic brain as well as on the kainic acid injury model in rats. In addition to this, GL also prevented excitotoxic effects on primary cultures. The aims of the present study were to evaluate GL scavenging properties and to investigate GL's effect on oxidative stress and inflammation in the lithium/pilocarpine-induced seizure model in two cerebral regions, hippocampus and olfactory bulb, at acute time intervals (3 or 24h) after status epilepticus (SE). Fluorometric methods showed that GL scavenged three reactive oxygen species: hydrogen peroxide, peroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. In contrast, GL was unable to scavenge peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and 2,2-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals suggesting that GL is a weak scavenger. Additionally, administration of GL (50mg/kg, i.p.) 30min before pilocarpine administration significantly suppressed oxidative stress. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels were diminished and glutathione levels were maintained at control values in both cerebral regions at 3 and 24 after SE. At 24h after SE, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activity increased in the hippocampus, while both glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity were unchanged in the olfactory bulb at that time. In addition, GL suppressed the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in both cerebral regions evaluated. These results suggest that GL confers protection against pilocarpine damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Jair Santillán-Cigales
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México.
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Protective Effect of Tempol on Buthionine Sulfoximine-Induced Mitochondrial Impairment in Hippocampal Derived HT22 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5059043. [PMID: 27069531 PMCID: PMC4812466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5059043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a simulated oxidative stress model of hippocampus-derived immortalized cell line (HT22), we report that prooxidant buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 1 mM, 14 h), without adversely affecting cell viability or morphology, induced oxidative stress by inhibiting glutathione synthesis. BSO treatment also significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05) and significantly lowered total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001) in HT22 cells when compared to vehicle treated control cells. Antioxidant tempol, a piperidine nitroxide considered a SOD mimetic, reversed BSO-induced decline in SOD activity (p < 0.01) and also increased BSO-induced decline in total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BSO treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption (p < 0.05), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), and lowered ATP production (p < 0.05) when compared to vehicle treated control cells, collectively indicative of mitochondrial impairment. Antioxidant tempol treatment mitigated all three indicators of mitochondrial impairment. We postulate that BSO-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells caused mitochondrial impairment, and tempol by increasing SOD activity and improving antioxidant capacity presumably protected the cells from BSO-induced mitochondrial impairment. In conclusion, present study provides an interesting simulation of oxidative stress in hippocampal cells, which will serve as an excellent model to study mitochondrial functions.
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Kim HJ, Song W, Jin EH, Kim J, Chun Y, An EN, Park S. Combined Low-Intensity Exercise and Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1035-41. [PMID: 26646003 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise and vitamins such as ascorbic acid (ASC) have been recognized as an effective strategy in neuroprotection and neurorehabilitatioin. However, there is a need to find an efficient treatment regimen that includes ASC and low-intensity exercise to diminish the risk of overtraining and nutritional treatment by attenuating oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the combined effect of low-intensity physical exercise (EX) and ASC on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure activity and oxidative stress in mice. The mice were randomly assigned into groups as follows: "KA only" (n = 11), "ASC + KA" (n = 11), "Ex + KA" (n = 11), "ASC + Ex + KA" (n = 11). In the present study, low intensity of swimming training period lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 30-min sessions daily (three times per week) without tail weighting. Although no preventive effect of low-intensity exercise or ASC on KA seizure occurrence was evident, there was a decrease of seizure activity, seizure development (latency to first seizures), and mortality in "ASC + Ex + KA" compared to "ASC + KA", "Ex + KA", and "KA only" group. In addition, a preventive synergistic coordination of low-intensity exercise and ASC was evident in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity compared to separate treatment. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise and ASC treatment have preventive effects on seizure activity and development with alternation of oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jin
- Department of Sports Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Sports Science Institute, Yong In University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Chun
- Sports Wellness Center, Yong In University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eung Nam An
- Department of Sports Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sok Park
- Division of Sports Industry and Science, Department of Sports and Health Management, Mokwon University, Taejon, Korea.
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van Loo KMJ, Schaub C, Pitsch J, Kulbida R, Opitz T, Ekstein D, Dalal A, Urbach H, Beck H, Yaari Y, Schoch S, Becker AJ. Zinc regulates a key transcriptional pathway for epileptogenesis via metal-regulatory transcription factor 1. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8688. [PMID: 26498180 PMCID: PMC4846312 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal seizure disorder in adults. In many patients, transient brain insults, including status epilepticus (SE), are followed by a latent period of epileptogenesis, preceding the emergence of clinical seizures. In experimental animals, transcriptional upregulation of CaV3.2 T-type Ca(2+)-channels, resulting in an increased propensity for burst discharges of hippocampal neurons, is an important trigger for epileptogenesis. Here we provide evidence that the metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) mediates the increase of CaV3.2 mRNA and intrinsic excitability consequent to a rise in intracellular Zn(2+) that is associated with SE. Adeno-associated viral (rAAV) transfer of MTF1 into murine hippocampi leads to increased CaV3.2 mRNA. Conversely, rAAV-mediated expression of a dominant-negative MTF1 abolishes SE-induced CaV3.2 mRNA upregulation and attenuates epileptogenesis. Finally, data from resected human hippocampi surgically treated for pharmacoresistant TLE support the Zn(2+)-MTF1-CaV3.2 cascade, thus providing new vistas for preventing and treating TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. J. van Loo
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Christina Schaub
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kulbida
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Thoralf Opitz
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Dana Ekstein
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah—Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adam Dalal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Heinz Beck
- Laboratory for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Yoel Yaari
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Albert J. Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
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Liu Z, Yin X, Liu L, Tao H, Zhou H, Ma G, Cui L, Li Y, Zhang S, Xu Z, Yao L, Cai Z, Zhao B, Li K. Association of KEAP1 and NFE2L2 polymorphisms with temporal lobe epilepsy and drug resistant epilepsy. Gene 2015; 571:231-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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