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Zhang R, Ding M, Zhu X, Li X, Hu Q, Tao L, Hu W, Zou H. A rare case of TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing: clinicopathological and genetic feature report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:66. [PMID: 38730456 PMCID: PMC11084048 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare and difficult to diagnose, with diverse histological patterns and immunohistochemical and poorly defined molecular genetic characteristics. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 63-year-old male admitted in 2017 with complex histomorphology, three morphological features of clear cell, eosinophilic and papillary RCC and resembling areas of glomerular and tubular formation. The immunophenotype also showed a mixture of CD10 and P504s. RCC with a high suspicion of collision tumors was indicated according to the 2014 WHO classification system; no precise diagnosis was possible. The patient was diagnosed at a different hospital with poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma one year after RCC surgery. We exploited molecular technology advances to retrospectively investigate the patient's molecular genetic alterations by whole-exome sequencing. The results revealed a 6p21 amplification in VEGFA and TFEB gene acquisition absent in other RCC subtypes. Clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, TFE3-translocation, eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC were excluded. Strong TFEB and Melan-A protein positivity prompted rediagnosis as TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified RCC as per 2022 WHO classification. TMB-L (low tumor mutational load), CCND3 gene acquisition and MRE11A and ATM gene deletion mutations indicated sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combinations and the FDA-approved targeted agents Niraparib (Grade C), Olaparib (Grade C), Rucaparib (Grade C) and Talazoparib (Class C). GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed major mutations and abnormal CNVs in genes involved in biological processes such as the TGF-β, Hippo, E-cadherin, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy signaling pathways, biofilm synthesis cell adhesion substance metabolism regulation and others. We compared TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified with TFEB-translocated RCC; significant differences in disease onset age, histological patterns, pathological stages, clinical prognoses, and genetic characteristics were revealed. CONCLUSION We clarified the patient's challenging diagnosis and discussed the clinicopathology, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, and molecular genetic information regarding TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified RCC via exome analysis and a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meili Ding
- Department of Pathology, The Yangxin County People's Hospital, Binzhou, 251800, China
| | - Xingyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Tang YH, Bergmann J, Vaidya D, Faraday N. Association of Preoperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy With Cardiopulmonary Instability and Organ Injury After High-Risk Surgery. Crit Care Explor 2024; 6:e1068. [PMID: 38562380 PMCID: PMC10984666 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the risk of postoperative complications in cancer patients. DESIGN Single-center retrospective cohort study. INTERVENTIONS The main exposure was treatment with an FDA-approved ICI within 6 months before surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure to ICIs and covariates was determined from the electronic health record. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative complications, including prolonged pressor or oxygen dependence, kidney injury, or myocardial injury. Secondary outcomes included each subcomponent of the primary outcome. Of 7674 subjects with cancer admitted to the ICU after surgery, 247 were exposed to one or more ICIs in the 6 months before surgery. After propensity score matching, 197 ICI-exposed subjects were matched to 777 nonexposed. The composite outcome occurred in 70 of 197 (35.5%) ICI-exposed subjects and 251 of 777 (32.3%) nonexposed. There was no difference between exposed and nonexposed groups in the primary composite outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 0.80-1.58) by conditional logistic regression. Risk of the secondary outcome of prolonged pressor dependence was significantly higher in ICI-exposed subjects (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01-2.67). Risks of oxygen dependence (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75-1.73), kidney injury (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.77-1.71), and myocardial injury (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.00-3.10) were not significantly different. There was no difference between groups in the time to hospital discharge alive (p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ICIs within 6 months before high-risk surgery was not associated with the composite outcome of cardiopulmonary instability or organ injury in patients with cancer. The potential for an association with the secondary outcomes of cardiac instability and injury is worthy of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hung Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jules Bergmann
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Agioti S, Zaravinos A. Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3624. [PMID: 38612436 PMCID: PMC11011457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT. The detection and analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry provide important information about immune cell populations within the TME. Gene expression profiling and spatial analysis techniques, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry allow the study of CYT in the context of the TME. We discuss the significant clinical implications that CYT has, as its increased levels are associated with positive clinical outcomes and a favorable prognosis. Moreover, CYT can be used as a prognostic biomarker and aid in patient stratification. Altering CYT through the different methods targeting it, offers promising paths for improving treatment responses. Overall, understanding and modulating CYT is critical for improving cancer immunotherapy. Research into CYT and the factors that influence it has the potential to transform cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agioti
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Liu R, Chu W, Liu X, Hong J, Wang H. Establishment of Golgi apparatus-related genes signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37439. [PMID: 38489711 PMCID: PMC10939665 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular protein transportation, processing, and sorting. Dysfunctions of the Golgi apparatus have been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and treatment response assessment value of Golgi apparatus-related gene (GARGs) features in gastric cancer patients. Transcriptome data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the prognostic significance of GARGs and construct risk features. The immune landscape, drug sensitivity, immune therapy response, gene expression patterns, and somatic mutation characteristics were analyzed between different risk groups. A nomogram model for predicting gastric cancer prognosis was developed and evaluated. Among 1643 GARGs examined, 365 showed significant associations with gastric cancer prognosis. Five independent prognostic GARGs (NGF, ABCG1, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7) were selected to construct risk features for gastric cancer patients. These risk features effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the former exhibiting worse prognosis than the latter. Patients in the high-risk group displayed higher levels of immune cell infiltration, while the expression levels of NGF, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7 were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Notably, the low-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to epothilone.B, metformin, and tipifarnib compared to the high-risk group. Moreover, patients in the low-risk group demonstrated greater responsiveness to immune therapy than those in the high-risk group. In terms of biological processes and KEGG pathways related to immunity regulation, significant suppression was observed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group; meanwhile cell cycle pathways exhibited significant activation in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden compared to the high-risk group. The risk features derived from GARGs, in conjunction with age, were identified as independent risk factors for gastric cancer. The nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated improved performance in predicting gastric cancer prognosis. Our study established risk features derived from GARGs that hold potential clinical utility in prognostic assessment and immune therapy response evaluation of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu Y, Jiang X, Wu Y, Yu H. Global research landscape and trends of cancer radiotherapy plus immunotherapy: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27103. [PMID: 38449655 PMCID: PMC10915415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present current research trends on the synergistic use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy (IRT) for cancer treatment. On March 1, 2023, we conducted a literature search for IRT papers using the Web of Science database. We extracted information and constructed two databases - the Core Database (CD) with 864 papers and Generalized Database (GD) with 6344 papers. A bibliometric analysis was performed to provide insights into the research landscape, to identify emerging trends and highly cited papers and journals in the field of IRT. The CD contained 864 papers that were collectively cited 31,818 times. Prominent journals in this area included the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet Oncology, and the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Corresponding authors from the USA contributed the most publications. In recent years, lung cancer, melanoma, stereotactic radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the tumor microenvironment emerged as hot research areas. This bibliometric analysis presented quantitative insights into research concerning IRT and proposed potential avenues for further exploration. Moreover, researchers can use our findings to select appropriate journals for publication or identify prospective collaborators. In summary, this bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the historical progression and recent advancements in IRT research that may serve as inspiration for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yujuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital), Qingdao, China
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Hu B, Shi H. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiovascular toxicities: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25747. [PMID: 38434280 PMCID: PMC10907684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionary effects on therapeutic strategies for multiple malignancies. Their efficacy depends on their ability to reactivate the host immune system to fight cancer cells. However, adverse reactions to ICIs are common and involve several organs, limiting their use in clinical practice. Although the incidence of cardiovascular toxicity is relatively low, it is associated with serious consequences and high mortality rates. The primary cardiovascular toxicities include myocarditis, pericarditis, Takotsubo syndrome, arrhythmia, vasculitis, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. Currently, the mechanism underlying ICI-associated cardiovascular toxicity remains unclear and underexplored. The diagnosis and monitoring of ICI-associated cardiovascular toxicities mainly include the following indicators: symptoms, signs, laboratory examination, electrocardiography, imaging, and pathology. Treatments are based on the grade of cardiovascular toxicity and mainly include drug withdrawal, corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressants, and conventional cardiac treatment. This review focuses on the incidence, underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Tao Chen Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Bao M, Chu Y, Liu R, Chen Q, Lin Y. Advanced detection of cervical cancer biomarkers using engineered filamentous phage nanofibers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:221. [PMID: 38372795 PMCID: PMC10876719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major global health concern, characterized by its high incidence and mortality rates. The detection of tumor markers is crucial for managing cancer, making treatment decisions, and monitoring disease progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) are key targets in cervical cancer therapy and valuable biomarkers in predicting treatment response and prognosis. In this study, we found that combining the measurement of VEGF and soluble PDL-1 can be used for diagnosing and evaluating the progression of cervical cancer. To explore a more convenient approach for detecting and assessing cervical cancer, we designed and prepared an engineered fd bacteriophage, a human-safe viral nanofiber, equipped with two peptides targeting VEGF and PD-L1. The dual-display phage nanofiber specifically recognizes and binds to both proteins. Utilizing this nanofiber as a novel capture agent, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. This method shows significantly enhanced detection sensitivity compared to conventional ELISA methods, which use either anti-VEGF or anti-PD-L1 antibodies as capture agents. Therefore, the phage dual-display nanofiber presents significant potential in detecting cancer markers, evaluating medication efficacy, and advancing immunotherapy drug development. KEY POINTS: • The combined measurement of VEGF and soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1(sPD-L1) demonstrates an additive effect in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Fd phage nanofibers have been ingeniously engineered to display peptides that bind to VEGF and PD-L1, enabling the simultaneous detection of both proteins within a single assay • Genetically engineered phage nanofibers, adorned with two distinct peptides, can be utilized for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and can be mass-produced cost-effectively through bacterial infections • Employing dual-display fd phage nanofibers as capture probes, the phage ELISA method exhibited significantly enhanced detection sensitivity compared to traditional sandwich ELISA. Furthermore, phage ELISA facilitates the detection of a single protein or the simultaneous detection of multiple proteins, rendering them powerful tools for protein analysis and diagnosis across various fields, including cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory On Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
| | - Meijing Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqing Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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Lim SK, Lin WC, Huang SW, Pan YC, Hu CW, Mou CY, Hu CMJ, Mou KY. Bacteria colonization in tumor microenvironment creates a favorable niche for immunogenic chemotherapy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:416-428. [PMID: 38225455 PMCID: PMC10897177 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents differential selective pressure (DSP) that favors the growth of cancer cells, and monovalent therapy is often inadequate in reversing the cancer cell dominance in the TME. In this work, we introduce bacteria as a foreign species to the TME and explore combinatorial treatment strategies to alter DSP for tumor eradication. We show that cancer-selective chemotherapeutic agents and fasting can provide a strong selection pressure against tumor growth in the presence of bacteria. Moreover, we show that an immunogenic drug (oxaliplatin), but not a non-immunogenic one (5-FU), synergizes with the bacteria to activate both the innate and adaptive immunity in the TME, resulting in complete tumor remission and a sustained anti-tumor immunological memory in mice. The combination of oxaliplatin and bacteria greatly enhances the co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which in turn bridge the cytotoxic T cells for cancer-cell killing. Our findings indicate that rational combination of bacterial therapy and immunogenic chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity against the immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Niu C, Wen H, Wang S, Shu G, Wang M, Yi H, Guo K, Pan Q, Yin G. Potential prognosis and immunotherapy predictor TFAP2A in pan-cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1021-1048. [PMID: 38265973 PMCID: PMC10866441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFAP2A is critical in regulating the expression of various genes, affecting various biological processes and driving tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the significance of TFAP2A in carcinogenesis processes remains obscure. METHODS In our study, we explored multiple databases including TCGA, GTEx, HPA, cBioPortal, TCIA, and other well-established databases for further analysis to expound TFAP2A expression, genetic alternations, and their relationship with the prognosis and cellular signaling network alternations. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis as well as GSEA were conducted to examine the common functions of TFAP2A. RT-qPCR, Western Blot and Dual Luciferase Reporter assay were employed to perform experimental validation. RESULTS TFAP2A mRNA expression level was upregulated and its genetic alternations were frequently present in most cancer types. The enrichment analysis results prompted us to investigate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment further. We discovered that the expression of TFAP2A was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes, immune subtypes, ESTIMATE scores, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the possible role of TFAP2A in predicting immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, high TFAP2A expression significantly correlated with several ICP genes, and promoted the expression of PD-L1 on mRNA and protein levels through regulating its expression at the transcriptional level. TFAP2A protein level was upregulated in fresh colon tumor tissue samples compared to that in the adjacent normal tissues, which essentially positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that targeting TFAP2A may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Niu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haixuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shutong Wang
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxi Yi
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Quagliariello V, Passariello M, Bisceglia I, Paccone A, Inno A, Maurea C, Rapuano Lembo R, Manna L, Iovine M, Canale ML, Scherillo M, Ascierto PA, Gabrielli D, De Lorenzo C, Maurea N. Combinatorial immune checkpoint blockade increases myocardial expression of NLRP-3 and secretion of H-FABP, NT-Pro-BNP, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6: biochemical implications in cardio-immuno-oncology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1232269. [PMID: 38322766 PMCID: PMC10844473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1232269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade in monotherapy or combinatorial regimens with chemotherapy or radiotherapy have become an integral part of oncology in recent years. Monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1 or PDL-1 are the most studied ICIs in randomized clinical trials, however, more recently, an anti-LAG3 (Lymphocyte activation gene-3) antibody, Relatlimab, has been approved by FDA in combination with Nivolumab for metastatic melanoma therapy. Moreover, Atezolizumab is actually under study in association with Ipilimumab for therapy of metastatic lung cancer. Myocarditis, vasculitis and endothelitis are rarely observed in these patients on monotherapy, however new combination therapies could expose patients to more adverse cardiovascular events. Methods Human cardiomyocytes co-cultured with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBMCs) were exposed to monotherapy and combinatorial ICIs (PD-L1 and CTLA-4 or PD-1 and LAG-3 blocking agents, at 100 nM) for 48 h. After treatments, cardiac cell lysis and secretion of biomarkers of cardiotoxicity (H-FABP, troponin-T, BNP, NT-Pro-BNP), NLRP3-inflammasome and Interleukin 1 and 6 were determined through colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Mitochondrial functions were studied in cardiomyocyte cell lysates through quantification of intracellular Ca++, ATP content and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 (Ndufs1) levels. Histone deacetylases type 4 (HDAC-4) protein levels were also determined in cardiomyocyte cell lysates to study potential epigenetic changes induced by immunotherapy regimens. Results Both combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors exert more potent cardiotoxic side effects compared to monotherapies against human cardiac cells co-cultured with human lymphocytes. LDH release from cardiac cells was 43% higher in PD-L1/CTLA-4 blocking agents, and 35.7% higher in PD-1/LAG-3 blocking agents compared to monotherapies. HDAC4 and intracellular Ca++ levels were increased, instead ATP content and Ndufs1 were reduced in myocardial cell lysates (p < 0.001 vs. untreated cells). Troponin-T, BNP, NT-Pro-BNP and H-FABP, were also strongly increased in combination therapy compared to monotherapy regimen. NLRP3 expression, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were also increased by PDL-1/CTLA-4 and PD-1/LAG-3 combined blocking agents compared to untreated cells and monotherapies. Conclusions Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that combinatorial immune checkpoint blockade, induce a pro- inflammatory phenotype, thus indicating that these therapies should be closely monitored by the multidisciplinary team consisting of oncologists, cardiologists and immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Passariello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - I. Bisceglia
- Servizi Cardiologici Integrati, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Inno
- Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - C. Maurea
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - R. Rapuano Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - L. Manna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - M. L. Canale
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Versilia, Lido di Camaiore (LU), Camaiore, Italy
| | - M. Scherillo
- Cardiologia Interventistica e UTIC, A.O. San Pio, Presidio Ospedaliero Gaetano Rummo, Benevento, Italy
| | - P. A. Ascierto
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - D. Gabrielli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma – Fondazione per il Tuo Cuore – Heart Care Foundation, Firenze, Italy
| | - C. De Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ceinge-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - N. Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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11
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Wang L, Yilmaz O, Veeneman BA, Zhang Y, Dhanasekaran SM, Mehra R. Gene of the month: VSTM2A. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:73-76. [PMID: 38124011 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (VSTM2A) gene is located on chromosome 7. In the physiological state, VSTM2A regulates preadipocyte cell differentiation. VSTM2A is highly expressed in normal human brain tissue and minimally expressed in other normal tissues. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney is a distinct renal tumour subtype with signature chromosomal copy number alterations and an indolent outcome in the majority of cases. VSTM2A overexpression is highly enriched in this renal cancer subtype and has been shown to have potential diagnostic value in distinguishing MTSCC from renal tumours with overlapping histological appearances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan A Veeneman
- Synthetic Lethality Research Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Rong Y, Liu SH, Tang MZ, Wu ZH, Ma GR, Li XF, Cai H. Analysis of the potential biological value of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit β in human cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:144-181. [PMID: 38292838 PMCID: PMC10824119 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit β (PDHB) gene which regulates energy metabolism is located in mitochondria. However, few studies have elucidated the role and mechanism of PDHB in different cancers. AIM To comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of PDHB was performed based on bioinformatics approaches to explore its tumor diagnostic and prognostic value and tumor immune relevance in cancer. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological regulation of PDHB in liver cancer. METHODS Pan-cancer data related to PDHB were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Analysis of the gene expression profiles of PDHB was based on TCGA and Genotype Tissue Expression Dataset databases. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the correlation between PDHB expression and survival prognosis in cancer patients. The correlation between PDHB and receiver operating characteristic diagnostic curve, clinicopathological staging, somatic mutation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, and drug susceptibility in pan-cancer was also analyzed. Various algorithms were used to analyze the correlation between PDHB and immune cell infiltration and tumor chemotaxis environment, as well as the co-expression analysis of PDHB and immune checkpoint (ICP) genes. The expression and functional phenotype of PDHB in single tumor cells were studied by single-cell sequencing, and the functional enrichment analysis of PDHB-related genes was performed. The study also validated the level of mRNA or protein expression of PDHB in several cancers. Finally, in vitro experiments verified the regulatory effect of PDHB on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer. RESULTS PDHB was significantly and differently expressed in most cancers. PDHB was significantly associated with prognosis in patients with a wide range of cancers, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma, and brain lower grade glioma. In some cancers, PDHB expression was clearly associated with gene mutations, clinicopathological stages, and expression of TMB, MSI, and ICP genes. The expression of PDHB was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the regulation of tumor chemotaxis environment. In addition, single-cell sequencing results showed that PDHB correlated with different biological phenotypes of multiple cancer single cells. This study further demonstrated that down-regulation of PDHB expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion functions of hepatoma cells. CONCLUSION As a member of pan-cancer, PDHB may be a novel cancer marker with potential value in diagnosing cancer, predicting prognosis, and in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Song-Hua Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guo-Rong Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Wang T, Ding G, Wang X, Cui Y, Ma X, Ma J, Wu J. Expression of EPB41L2 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Prognostic Implications for Bladder Cancer and Response to Immunotherapy. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102927. [PMID: 38154234 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy response in patients with bladder cancer (BLCA) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is variable. The accurate evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy may be facilitated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 2 (EPB41L2), a cytoskeletal protein with a regulatory role in the TME was intensively investigated to determine its biological characterization, clinical relevance, and predictive value for immunotherapy in BLCA. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics and statistical analyses were conducted to examine gene expression profile, TME components, immune contexture, molecular features, and prediction of immunotherapy response. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) validated the results of the bioinformatics analysis. Association between immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and EPB41L2-based risk stratification was validated in the IMvigor210 cohort, and their association with ICI response was assessed. RESULTS EPB41L2 mRNA levels were decreased in BLCA compared to normal tissue. IHC showed reduced EPB41L2 staining intensity in early BLCA tissue. Nevertheless, elevated EPB41L2 expression was observed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with higher histological grade and pathological stage. High EPB41L2 expression served as a poor prognostic factor for BLCA. Single-cell RNA-seq and further analyses revealed that EPB41L2 was mainly expressed in CAFs and promoted TME remodeling. EPB41L2low/ICGshigh patients showed greater benefit from immunotherapy. Gene mutation analysis revealed a close relationship between EPB41L2 and the frequency of oncogenic mutations, including TP53 and FGFR3. CONCLUSION Comprehensive analysis and IHC confirmed the upregulation of EPB41L2 in BLCA CAFs and its association with TME remodeling. EPB41L2 and ICG expression were identified as combinatorial biomarkers to predict the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guixin Ding
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshan Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Song XQ, Li RJ, Zhang S. Prediction of prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on immune-related score. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:310-319. [PMID: 37673742 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-related scores are currently used for prognostic evaluation and as an immunotherapy reference in various cancers. However, the relationship between immune-related score and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the clinical application value of immune-related score for predicting HCC prognosis-related indicators including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and to construct a clinical nomogram prediction model related to verification. METHODS This study included 284 HCC patients who were selected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and linked to the immune-related score downloaded from the public platform. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio, and a nomogram was constructed based on multivariate analysis results and clinical significance. The model was internally verified by bootstrap. The performance of the prediction model was evaluated using the C-index and calibration curves. RESULTS Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the immune-related score level. Compared with patients in the low immune-related score group, the DFS of patients in the medium and high immune-related score groups was significantly prolonged (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87; HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.63, respectively). The OS of patients in the medium and high immune-related score groups was also significantly prolonged (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95, p = 0.038; HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.58, p < 0.001, respectively). The C-indexes for predicting DFS and OS were 0.687 (95% CI: 0.665-0.700) and 0.743 (95% CI: 0.709-0.776), respectively. The calibration curves of 3-year and 5-year DFS and OS showed that the results predicted by the nomogram were in good agreement with the actual observations. CONCLUSIONS Moderate/high-grade immune-related score was significantly associated with better DFS and OS in HCC patients. In addition, a nomogram for prognosis estimation can help clinicians predict the survival status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qing Song
- General Surgery Department, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Xixiang Street, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Rong-Jiang Li
- General Surgery Department, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Xixiang Street, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China.
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15
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Shen J, Li M. Gastric Cancer Immune Subtypes and Prognostic Modeling: Insights from Aging-Related Gene Analysis. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38618724 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2024052391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is highly heterogeneous and influenced by aging-related factors. This study aimed to improve individualized prognostic assessment of GC by identifying aging-related genes and subtypes. Immune scores of GC samples from GEO and TCGA databases were calculated using ESTIMATE and scored as high immune (IS_high) and low immune (IS_low). ssGSEA was used to analyze immune cell infiltration. Univariate Cox regression was employed to identify prognosis-related genes. LASSO regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic model. GSVA enrichment analysis was applied to determine pathways. CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays tested the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the GC cell line (AGS). Cell cycle and aging were examined using flow cytometry, β-galactosidase staining, and Western blotting. Two aging-related GC subtypes were identified. Subtype 2 was characterized as lower survival probability and higher risk, along with a more immune-responsive tumor microenvironment. Three genes (IGFBP5, BCL11B, and AKR1B1) screened from aging-related genes were used to establish a prognosis model. The AUC values of the model were greater than 0.669, exhibiting strong prognostic value. In vitro, IGFBP5 overexpression in AGS cells was found to decrease viability, migration, and invasion, alter the cell cycle, and increase aging biomarkers (SA-β-galactosidase, p53, and p21). This analysis uncovered the immune characteristics of two subtypes and aging-related prognosis genes in GC. The prognostic model established for three aging-related genes (IGFBP5, BCL11B, and AKR1B1) demonstrated good prognosis performance, providing a foundation for personalized treatment strategies aimed at GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Minzhe Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
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Mitchell JM, Karamchandani DM. Histopathologic Manifestations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy-Associated Gastrointestinal Tract Injury: A Practical Review. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:703-718. [PMID: 37863561 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the management of many advanced cancers by producing robust remissions. They mostly target two immune regulatory pathways: cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 or its ligand. However, a flip side is the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) commonly affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that can cause treatment interruptions or discontinuation. This practical review discusses the clinical and histopathologic findings of irAEs encountered in the luminal GI tract, along with histopathologic differentials that can mimic varied inflammatory, infectious, or other medication-associated etiologies and the importance of clinico-pathologic correlation for an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. https://twitter.com/GIJamesMD
| | - Dipti M Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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17
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Miao K, Liu W, Xu J, Qian Z, Zhang Q. Harnessing the power of traditional Chinese medicine monomers and compound prescriptions to boost cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277243. [PMID: 38035069 PMCID: PMC10684919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, cancer is the largest culprit that endangers human health. The current treatment options for cancer mainly include surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but their therapeutic effects and long-term prognosis are unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy is an emerging therapy that has completely transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced cancers, and has tried to occupy a place in the neoadjuvant therapy of resectable tumors. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy due to the immunological and molecular features of the tumors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a new perspective for cancer treatment and is considered to have the potential as promising anti-tumor drugs considering its immunoregulatory properties. This review concludes commonly used TCM monomers and compounds from the perspective of immune regulatory pathways, aiming to clearly introduce the basic mechanisms of TCM in boosting cancer immunotherapy and mechanisms of several common TCM. In addition, we also summarized closed and ongoing trials and presented prospects for future development. Due to the significant role of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TCM combined with immunotherapy should be emphasized in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Miao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingtong Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengtao Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Martinez-Castillo M, M. Elsayed A, López-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodríguez-Aguayo C. An Overview of the Immune Modulatory Properties of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Use as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37987366 PMCID: PMC10660772 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in regulating immune responses, immune cell differentiation, activation, and inflammatory processes. In cancer, they are gaining prominence as potential therapeutic targets due to their ability to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and immune-related factors, suggesting avenues for bolstering anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we explore the mechanistic insights into lncRNA-mediated immune modulation, highlighting their impact on immunity. Additionally, we discuss their potential to enhance cancer immunotherapy, augmenting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapies. LncRNAs as therapeutic targets hold the promise of revolutionizing cancer treatments, inspiring further research in this field with substantial clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 06726, Mexico
| | - Abdelrahman M. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt;
- Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gabriel López-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huang S, Zheng G, Yang K. Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors for solid malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:349. [PMID: 37926852 PMCID: PMC10626778 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors as neoadjuvant therapy for malignant solid tumors. METHODS This study has been registered with the number CRD42023407275 on PROSPERO. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until March 17, 2023. In addition, manual searches were performed. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the utilization of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for patients with solid malignancies. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials (ROB1) were used. Risk ratios (RRs), hazared ratios (HRs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Stata17.0 MP and Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 2780 records were identified, and ultimately 10 studies involving 273 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the addition of CTLA-4 inhibitors to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors did not demonstrate a significant effect on overall response rate, main pathological response, pathological complete response, surgical resection, radical resection, overall survival, progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, grade 3-4 adverse events, all-cause mortality, and completed treatment (P > 0.05). However, further subgroup analysis indicated that the combination of PD-1 with CTLA-4 inhibitors significantly increased the occurrence of grade 3-4 adverse events in patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As neoadjuvant therapy for malignant solid tumors, the addition of CTLA-4 inhibitors to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors does not appear to enhance efficacy.Moreover, there is a potential increase in the risk of grade 3-4 adverse events associated with this combination. However, it is important to note that the studies included in this analysis suffer from limitations such as small samples and single-center designs, which are inherent constrains with the available published literature. Further research involving large-sample and multicenter RCTs are warranted to obtain more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shapingba Hospital affiliated to Chongqing University, No.44, Xiaolongkan New Street, Chongqing, Shapingba District, 400030, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Anorectal Department, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 6 Panxi 7 Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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20
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Li X, Chen Y, Wang R, Lu E, Luo K, Sha X. Enhancement of cancer immunotherapy using CRT valgus tumor cell membranes coated bacterial whole peptidoglycan combined with radiotherapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123430. [PMID: 37742823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved some success in preclinical and clinical studies, but the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to a low response rate of this therapy. In this paper, we describe a calreticulin (CRT) valgus CT-26 tumor cell membranes-coated bacterial whole peptidoglycan (WPG) from P. aeruginosa (CPW/SR) with a high rate of the STING agonist loading. In the construct, WPG from P. aeruginosa (P.WPG) was used as a carrier with the immunoadjuvant function while synergistically promoting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) through the delivery of the STING agonist SR-717. CRT valgus tumor cell membranes were identified and internalized by DCs via CRT on the surface. In addition, this construct was able to reverse the immunosuppressive TME in vivo and achieve synergies with radiotherapy by creating a personalized tumor vaccine, therefore achieving more resultful antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, CPW/SR constructed in this paper provides a new approach for achieving efficient cancer immunotherapy and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Enhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kuankuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Huang S, Xiong C, Tan K. Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103985. [PMID: 37442083 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common type of cancer, and approximately 64 % are in a locally advanced stage at diagnosis. Therefore, neoadjuvant therapy is of great importance. However, traditional neoadjuvant strategies for HNSCC have shown limited efficacy and high complications. And it is urgent to explore new neoadjuvant approaches. With the breakthrough progress of PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade is gradually showing positive prospects for HNSCC. This study found that the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade and chemotherapy or radiotherapy are potential with the overall response rate (ORR) of 45.0 %-96.7 % and 47.6 %-56.7 %, the pathological complete response (pCR) of 16.7 %-42.3 % and 33.3 %-100.0 %, and the main pathological response (MPR) of 26.9 %-74.1 % and 60.0 %-100.0 %, respectively. But the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade and CTLA-4 blockade is worth questioning. And we also found pCR and MPR can be early indicators for long-term prognosis and provide five directions for neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Shapingba Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chuang Xiong
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Kui Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
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22
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Li Y, Ju M, Miao Y, Zhao L, Xing L, Wei M. Advancement of anti-LAG-3 in cancer therapy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23236. [PMID: 37846808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have effectively transformed the treatment of many cancers, particularly those highly devastating malignancies. With their widespread popularity, the drawbacks of immune checkpoint inhibitors are also recognized, such as drug resistance and immune-related systematic side effects. Thus, it never stops investigating novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a well-established co-inhibitory receptor that performs negative regulation on immune responses. Recently, a novel FDA-approved LAG-3 blocking agent, together with nivolumab as a new combinational immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, brought LAG-3 back into focus. Clinical data suggests that anti-LAG-3 agents can amplify the therapeutic response of other immune checkpoint inhibitors with manageable side effects. In this review, we elucidate the intercellular and intracellular mechanisms of LAG-3, clarify the current understanding of LAG-3 in the tumor microenvironment, identify present LAG-3-associated therapeutic agents, discuss current LAG-3-involving clinical trials, and eventually address future prospects for LAG-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Precision Laboratory, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. Ltd, Shenyang, P.R. China
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23
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He X, Peng Y, He G, Ye H, Liu L, Zhou Q, Shi J, Fu S, Wang J, Zhou Z, Li W. Increased co-expression of PD1 and TIM3 is associated with poor prognosis and immune microenvironment heterogeneity in gallbladder cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:717. [PMID: 37828574 PMCID: PMC10571407 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unsatisfactory. Recently, several new immune checkpoints have been identified. However, investigations exploring these immune checkpoints in GBC are limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression patterns and clinical implications of various immune checkpoints, and further characterize the spatial and quantitative heterogeneity of immune components in GBC. METHODS We employed single and multiplex immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of five immune checkpoint markers and four immune cell markers in the primary tumor core, hepatic invasion margin, and liver metastasis. Subsequently, we analyzed their interrelationships and their prognostic significance. RESULTS We observed a robust positive correlation between PD1/TIM3 expression in GBC (R = 0.614, P < 0.001). The co-expression of PD1/TIM3 exhibited a synergistic effect in predicting poor prognosis among postoperative GBC patients. Further analysis revealed that the prognostic significance of PD1/TIM3 was prominent in the subgroup with high infiltration of CD8 + T cells (P < 0.001). Multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals that PD1 + TIM3 + FOXP3 + cells constitute a significant proportion of FOXP3 + TILs in GBC tissue. Moreover, the co-high expression of PD1 and TIM3 is positively correlated with the accumulation of CD8 + TILs at the hepatic invasion margin. Lastly, our findings indicated reduced expression levels of immune checkpoints and diminished immune cell infiltration in liver metastases compared to primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Increased co-expression of PD1/TIM3 is associated with poor prognosis in GBC patients and is related to the heterogeneity of immune microenvironment between GBC primary tumor and its hepatic invasion margin or liver metastases, which may be a potential target for future immunotherapy of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Peng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui He
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Ye
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixian Zhou
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanyi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Fu
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Sharma S, Chepurna O, Sun T. Drug resistance in glioblastoma: from chemo- to immunotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:688-708. [PMID: 38239396 PMCID: PMC10792484 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
As the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma is estimated to end over 10,000 lives each year in the United States alone. Stand treatment for glioblastoma, including surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide), has been largely unchanged since early 2000. Cancer immunotherapy has significantly shifted the paradigm of cancer management in the past decade with various degrees of success in treating many hematopoietic cancers and some solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little progress has been made in the field of neuro-oncology, especially in the application of immunotherapy to glioblastoma treatment. In this review, we attempted to summarize the common drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma from Temozolomide to immunotherapy. Our intent is not to repeat the well-known difficulty in the area of neuro-oncology, such as the blood-brain barrier, but to provide some fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance by summarizing some of the most recent literature. Through this review, we also hope to share some new ideas for improving the immunotherapy outcome of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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25
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Chen P, Sun C, Wang H, Zhao W, Wu Y, Guo H, Zhou C, He Y. YAP1 expression is associated with survival and immunosuppression in small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:636. [PMID: 37752152 PMCID: PMC10522695 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is considered a major breakthrough in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), although its anti-tumor efficacy is limited. With a high degree of malignancy and high heterogeneity, SCLC is difficult to treat in the clinic. A new combination strategy is urgently needed to further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC. By immunofluorescence, 100 SCLC patients in a local cohort were classified into the SCLC-A (high ASCL1 expression; n = 36), SCLC-N (high NEUROD1 expression; n = 32), SCLC-P (high POU2F3 expression; n = 14), and SCLC-Y (high YAP1 expression; n = 18) subtypes. Each SCLC molecular subtype represented different prognoses, tumor microenvironment traits, and immunotherapy sensitivities. Analysis of both the local and public cohorts suggested that the SCLC-Y subtype exhibited the worst clinical outcome (p < 0.05) when compared with other subtypes. SCLC with high YAP1 expression was characterized by high PD-L1 expression, high stromal score, T-cell functional impairment, and a close relationship with immune-related pathways. YAP1 upregulated PD-L1 expression and suppressed T cell activation, thus leading to immune evasion. In in vitro experiments, blockade of YAP1 promoted cancer cell apoptosis, immune cell proliferation, T-cell activation, and cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, thus further potentiating the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with the SCLC-Y subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Radiotherapy Department, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Guan H, Chen X, Liu J, Sun J, Guo H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Lin J, Yuan Q. Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13788. [PMID: 37666853 PMCID: PMC10477197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is often considered immunogenic cancer. Toll-like receptor-related genes are expressed differently in most types of cancer, depending on the immune microenvironment inside cancer, and the key function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Based on multi-omics data from TCGA and GEO databases, we first performed pan-cancer analysis on TLR, including CNV, SNV, and mRNA changes in TLR-related genes in multiple human cancers, as well as patient prognosis characterization. Then, we divided melanoma patients into three subgroups (clusters 1, 2, and 3) according to the expression of the TLR pathway, and explored the correlation between TLR pathway and melanoma prognosis, immune infiltration, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogene expression characteristics. Finally, through univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm, we selected six TLR-related genes to construct a survival prognostic model, divided melanoma patients into the training set, internal validation set 1, internal validation set 2, and external validation set for multiple validations, and discussed the correlation between model genes and clinical features of melanoma patients. In conclusion, we constructed a prognostic survival model based on TLR-related genes that precisely and independently demonstrated the potential to assess the prognosis and immune traits of melanoma patients, which is critical for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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27
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Dhasmana A, Dhasmana S, Haque S, Cobos E, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors as promising functional molecules in cancer therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:597-600. [PMID: 37728815 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA.
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
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28
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Khan NA, Asim M, Biswas KH, Alansari AN, Saman H, Sarwar MZ, Osmonaliev K, Uddin S. Exosome nanovesicles as potential biomarkers and immune checkpoint signaling modulators in lung cancer microenvironment: recent advances and emerging concepts. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:221. [PMID: 37641132 PMCID: PMC10463467 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and the survival rate remains low despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The progression of lung cancer is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon that encompasses interplays among cancerous cells and their microenvironment, which incorporates immune cells. Exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles, are released by numerous cell types in normal and stressful situations to allow communication between cells. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) possess diverse neo-antigens and cargoes such as proteins, RNA, and DNA and have a unique molecular makeup reflecting tumor genetic complexity. TEXs contain both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory factors and may play a role in immunomodulation by influencing innate and adaptive immune components. Moreover, they transmit signals that contribute to the progression of lung cancer by promoting metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. This makes them a valuable resource for investigating the immune environment of tumors, which could pave the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers that could aid in the prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of lung cancer. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has shown promising results in treating initial-stage cancers, most patients eventually develop adaptive resistance over time. Emerging evidence demonstrates that TEXs could serve as a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapeutic response and have a significant impact on both systemic immune suppression and tumor advancement. Therefore, understanding TEXs and their role in lung cancer tumorigenesis and their response to immunotherapies is an exciting research area and needs further investigation. This review highlights the role of TEXs as key contributors to the advancement of lung cancer and their clinical significance in lung immune-oncology, including their possible use as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and prognosis, as well as emerging shreds of evidence regarding the possibility of using exosomes as targets to improve lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kabir H Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amani N Alansari
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harman Saman
- Department of Medicine, Hazm Maubrairek Hospital, Al-Rayyan, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute & Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India.
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29
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Ryschich A, Dong Y, Schäfer M, Ryschich E, Karakhanova S. DWH24: a new antibody for fluorescence-based cell death analysis. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11:045006. [PMID: 37612784 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aceed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have gained considerable importance in laboratory and clinical settings. Currently, antibodies are extensively employed for the diagnosis and treatment of several human diseases. Herein, using targeted and cell immunisation approaches, we developed and characterised an antibody clone, DWH24. We found that DWH24 is an IgMκtype antibody that enables excellent visualisation and quantification of dead cells using immunofluorescence, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. This property was proved by the spontaneous cell death of several tumour cell lines and stimulated T cells, as well as after chemo- and photodynamic therapy. Unlike conventional apoptosis and cell death markers, DWH24 binding occurred in a Ca2+- and protein-independent manner and enabled live imaging of cell death progress, as shown using time-lapse microscopy. The binding specificity of DWH24 was analysed using a human proteome microarray, which revealed a complex response profile with very high spot intensities against various proteins, such as tropomyosin variants and FAM131C. Accordingly, DWH24 can be employed as a suitable tool for the cost-effective and universal analysis of cell death using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ryschich
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Dong
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Section of Surgical Research, Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Lei X, Wang Y, Broens C, Borst J, Xiao Y. Immune checkpoints targeting dendritic cells for antibody-based modulation in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:145-179. [PMID: 38225102 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells which link innate to adaptive immunity. DC play a central role in regulating antitumor T-cell responses in both tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). They modulate effector T-cell responses via immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) that can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. Functions of DC are often impaired by the suppressive TME leading to tumor immune escape. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of ICPs expressed by (tumor-infiltrating) DC will lead to potential new treatment strategies. Genetic manipulation and high-dimensional analyses have provided insight in the interactions between DC and T-cells in TDLN and the TME upon ICP targeting. In this review, we discuss (tumor-infiltrating) DC lineage cells and tumor tissue specific "mature" DC states and their gene signatures in relation to anti-tumor immunity. We also review a number of ICPs expressed by DC regarding their functions in phagocytosis, DC activation, or inhibition and outline position in, or promise for clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy. Collectively, we highlight the critical role of DC and their exact status in the TME for the induction and propagation of T-cell immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chayenne Broens
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Han L, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Niu H, Hu J, Ding Z, Shi X, Qian X. Exploring the Expression and Prognosis of Mismatch Repair Proteins and PD-L1 in Colorectal Cancer in a Chinese Cohort. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:791-801. [PMID: 37575316 PMCID: PMC10417781 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s417470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exploring the expression and prognosis of mismatch repair proteins and PD-L1 in colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 272 patients with surgically resected CRC were enrolled in the study from January 2018 to May 2022 at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School). Surgically resected samples were collected from patients along with general, clinicopathological, and imaging data for each patient. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect expression of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 proteins in tumor tissue. X-squared (X2) testing was performed to investigate the correlation between expression of MMR proteins and PD-L1 in CRC tumor tissues and clinicopathological characteristics. Correlation analysis was also used to compare the deletion of four MMR proteins in CRC tumor tissues. A survival curve and Log rank test were used to investigate the relationship between the expression of MMR proteins and PD-L1 with regard to CRC patient prognosis and survival. Results MMR protein expression deletion was correlated with tumor location, the degree of tissue differentiation, and TNM stage (P<0.05). PD-L1 expression was correlated with TNM stage (P<0.05). Correlation analysis of deletion of MMR protein isoform expression found that PMS2 deletion was significantly correlated with MLH1 deletion (P<0.05). Similarly, MSH2 deletion was significantly correlated with MSH6 deletion (P<0.05). PMS2 deletion was also found to be correlated with PD-L1 expression (P<0.05). Progression-free survival was found to be significantly longer in mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) patients compared with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) patients. Conclusion Deletion of MMR proteins and expression of PD-L1 are closely related to clinicopathological characteristics and overall prognosis of CRC patients. This suggests the relevance of MMR and PD-L1 as potential biomarkers for treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Niu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Srivastava SK, Kim SH. Special issue: Modulation of immune checkpoint proteins and their networks in cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:1-2. [PMID: 37031897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1718 Pine Street, Abilene, Texas 79601, United States.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyunghee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea.
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Ellison JM, Nohria A. An Increased Understanding of the Association Between Atherosclerosis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:879-887. [PMID: 37395892 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy activates the host immune system to promote tumor cell death. This activation of the immune system can lead to off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs). There is an established link between inflammation and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the existing body of literature discussing the potential association between ICI treatment and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Pre-clinical studies suggest that ICI therapy may lead to T-cell-mediated progression of atherosclerosis. Recent retrospective clinical studies have shown higher rates of myocardial infarction and stroke with ICI therapy, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, small observational cohort studies have used imaging modalities to demonstrate higher rates of atherosclerotic progression with ICI treatment. Early pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests an association between ICI treatment and the progression of atherosclerosis. However, these findings are preliminary, and adequately powered prospective studies are needed to demonstrate a conclusive association. As ICI therapy is increasingly used to treat a variety of solid tumors, it is important to evaluate and mitigate the potential adverse atherosclerotic effects of ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judah M Ellison
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anju Nohria
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Yang R, Huang S, Huang C, Fay NS, Wang Y, Putrevu S, Wright K, Zaman MS, Cai W, Huang B, Wang B, Wright M, Hoag MR, Titong A, Liu Y. Fc-competent multispecific PDL-1/TIGIT/LAG-3 antibodies potentiate superior anti-tumor T cell response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9865. [PMID: 37332070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of current cancer immunotherapy is dominated by antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 that have transformed cancer therapy, yet their efficacy is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The blockade of additional immune checkpoints, especially TIGIT and LAG-3, has been extensively explored, but so far only a LAG-3 antibody has been approved for combination with nivolumab to treat unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Here we report the development of a PDL1 × TIGIT bi-specific antibody (bsAb) GB265, a PDL1 × LAG3 bsAb GB266, and a PDL1 × TIGIT × LAG3 tri-specific antibody (tsAb) GB266T, all with intact Fc function. In in vitro cell-based assays, these antibodies promote greater T cell expansion and tumor cell killing than benchmark antibodies and antibody combinations in an Fc-dependent manner, likely by facilitating T cell interactions (bridging) with cancer cells and monocytes, in addition to blocking immune checkpoints. In animal models, GB265 and GB266T antibodies outperformed benchmarks in tumor suppression. This study demonstrates the potential of a new generation of multispecific checkpoint inhibitors to overcome resistance to current monospecific checkpoint antibodies or their combinations for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyao Yang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Su Huang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Nathan S Fay
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Saroja Putrevu
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Kimberly Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Mohd Saif Zaman
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Wenyan Cai
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Betty Huang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Meredith Wright
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Matthew R Hoag
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Allison Titong
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Ab Therapeutics Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 2, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
- Ab Studio Inc., 3541 Investment Blvd., Suite 3, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
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Liang X, Du L, Fan Y. The potential of FCRL genes as targets for cancer treatment: insights from bioinformatics and immunology. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204766. [PMID: 37285836 PMCID: PMC10292877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent and dangerous disease that requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. The FCRL family gene has been linked to immune function and tumor progression. Bioinformatics may help unravel their role in cancer treatment. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FCRL family genes in pan-cancer using publicly available databases and online tools. Specifically, we examined gene expression, prognostic significance, mutation profiles, drug resistance, as well as biological and immunomodulatory roles. Our data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, cBioPortal, STRING, GSCALite, Cytoscape, and R software. The expression of FCRL genes varies significantly across different tumor types and normal tissues. While high expression of most FCRL genes is associated with a protective effect in many cancers, FCRLB appears to be a risk factor in several types of cancer. Alterations in FCRL family genes, particularly through amplification and mutation, are common in cancers. These genes are closely linked to classical cancer pathways such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and DNA damage response. Enrichment analysis indicates that FCRL family genes are predominantly associated with immune cell activation and differentiation. Immunological assays demonstrate a strong positive correlation between FCRL family genes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunostimulators, and immunoinhibitors. Furthermore, FCRL family genes can enhance the sensitivity of various anticancer drugs. The FCRL family genes are vital in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Targeting these genes in conjunction with immunotherapy could enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Further research is required to determine their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Chen M, Lu H, Copley SJ, Han Y, Logan A, Viola P, Cortellini A, Pinato DJ, Power D, Aboagye EO. A Novel Radiogenomics Biomarker for Predicting Treatment Response and Pneumotoxicity From Programmed Cell Death Protein or Ligand-1 Inhibition Immunotherapy in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:718-730. [PMID: 36773776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient selection for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is currently guided by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression obtained from immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue samples. This approach is susceptible to limitations resulting from the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of cancer cells and the invasiveness of the tissue sampling procedure. To address these challenges, we developed a novel computed tomography (CT) radiomic-based signature for predicting disease response in patients with NSCLC undergoing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. METHODS This retrospective study comprises a total of 194 patients with suitable CT scans out of 340. Using the radiomic features computed from segmented tumors on a discovery set of 85 contrast-enhanced chest CTs of patients diagnosed with having NSCLC and their CD274 count, RNA expression of the protein-encoding gene for PD-L1, as the response vector, we developed a composite radiomic signature, lung cancer immunotherapy-radiomics prediction vector (LCI-RPV). This was validated in two independent testing cohorts of 66 and 43 patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibition immunotherapy, respectively. RESULTS LCI-RPV predicted PD-L1 positivity in both NSCLC testing cohorts (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.84 and AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46-0.94). In one cohort, it also demonstrated good prediction of cases with high PD-L1 expression exceeding key treatment thresholds (>50%: AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.85 and >90%: AUC = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.88), the tumor's objective response to treatment at 3 months (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.85), and pneumonitis occurrence (AUC = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48-0.80). LCI-RPV achieved statistically significant stratification of the patients into a high- and low-risk survival group (hazard ratio = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.21-4.24, p = 0.011 and hazard ratio = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.07-5.65, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS A CT radiomics-based signature developed from response vector CD274 can aid in evaluating patients' suitability for PD-1 or PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Chen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haonan Lu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Copley
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yidong Han
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Logan
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Viola
- North West London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Danielle Power
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Yuan D, Zhang Y, Liu W, He X, Chen W, Liu L, Yang L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu J. Transcriptome profiling reveals transcriptional regulation of VISTA in T cell activation. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:101-111. [PMID: 37004501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a novel type of immune checkpoint. This study was performed to explore the potential mechanism by which different domains of VISTA affect T-cell activation and search for potential interacting proteins. METHODS Stably transfected Jurkat cell lines were constructed to overexpress human VISTA (VISTA-FL), cytoplasmic domain deletion mutants (VISTA-ΔECD) and extracellular domain deletion mutants (VISTA- ΔCD). Empty vector (EV) control cell lines were constructed. Four stable cell lines were subjected to transcriptome sequencing after stimulation with PMA and PHA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed to explore the potential pathway by which VISTA inhibits T-cell activation. Proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network analysis was used to search for potential interacting proteins of VISTA. RESULTS In this study, 1256 DEGs were identified in Jurkat-VISTA-FL cells, 740 DEGs in Jurkat-VISTA-ΔCD cells, and 5605 DEGs in Jurkat-VISTA-ΔECD cells compared with Jurkat-EV cells. DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to T-cell differentiation, T-cell receptor signalling pathway and T-cell migration in Jurkat-VISTA-ΔECD cells; with cholesterol biosynthesis in Jurkat-VISTA-ΔCD cells; and with the inflammatory response in Jurkat-VISTA-FL cells. HHLA2 and CTH were identified as potential partners that interact directly with VISTA. The results also show an indirect interaction between VISTA and PSGL-1. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the pathways by which VISTA is involved in T-cell activation and identified the potential binding partners of VISTA through RNA-seq, providing valuable resources for developing in-depth studies of the action mechanisms of VISTA as a potential target for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanmei Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liu Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu Yang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinhao Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Yang R, Yu Y. Patient-derived organoids in translational oncology and drug screening. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216180. [PMID: 37061121 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDO) are a new biomedical research model that can reconstruct phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the original tissue and are useful for research on pathogenesis and drug screening. To introduce the progression in this field, we review the key factors of constructing organoids derived from epithelial tissues and cancers, covering culture medium and matrix, morphological characteristics, genetic profiles, high-throughput drug screening, and application potential. We also discuss the co-culture system of cancer organoids with tumor microenvironment (TME) associated cells. The co-culture system is widely used in evaluating crosstalk of cancer cells with TME components, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and microorganisms. The article provides a prospective for standardized cultivation mode, automatic morphological evaluation, and drug sensitivity screening using high-throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Yang
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Ao YQ, Gao J, Wang S, Jiang JH, Deng J, Wang HK, Xu B, Ding JY. Immunotherapy of thymic epithelial tumors: molecular understandings and clinical perspectives. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:70. [PMID: 37055838 PMCID: PMC10099901 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged to play a rapidly expanding role in the treatment of cancers. Currently, many clinical trials of therapeutic agents are on ongoing with majority of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) especially programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. PD-1 and PD-L1, two main immune checkpoints, are expressed at high levels in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) and could be predictors of the progression and immunotherapeutic efficacy of TETs. However, despite inspiring efficacy reported in clinical trials and clinical practice, significantly higher incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) than other tumors bring challenges to the administration of ICIs in TETs. To develop safe and effective immunotherapeutic patterns in TETs, understanding the clinical properties of patients, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy and irAEs occurrence are crucial. In this review, the progress of both basic and clinical research on immune checkpoints in TETs, the evidence of therapeutic efficacy and irAEs based on PD-1 /PD-L1 inhibitors in TETs treatment are discussed. Additionally, we highlighted the possible mechanisms underlying irAEs, prevention and management strategies, the insufficiency of current research and some worthy research insights. High PD-1/PD-L1 expression in TETs provides a rationale for ICI use. Completed clinical trials have shown an encouraging efficacy of ICIs, despite the high rate of irAEs. A deeper mechanism understanding at molecular level how ICIs function in TETs and why irAEs occur will help maximize the immunotherapeutic efficacy while minimizing irAEs risks in TET treatment to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Ao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Li TA, Kim J, Schnaar RL. Human sialoglycan ligands for immune inhibitory Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101110. [PMID: 35965135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most human Siglecs (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are expressed on the surfaces of overlapping subsets of immune cells, and most carry immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains on their intracellular motifs. When immune inhibitory Siglecs bind to complementary sialoglycans in their local milieu, engagement results in down-regulation of the immune response. Siglecs have come under scrutiny as potential targets of drugs to modify the course of inflammation (and other immune system responses) and as immune checkpoints in cancer. Human Siglecs bind to endogenous human sialoglycans. The identities of these endogenous human sialoglycan immune regulators are beginning to emerge, along with some general principles that may inform future investigations in this area. Among these principles is the finding that a cell type or tissue may express a ligand for a particular Siglec on a single or a very few of its sialoglycoproteins. The selected protein carrier for a particular Siglec may be unique in a certain tissue, but vary tissue-to-tissue. The binding affinity of endogenous Siglec ligands may surpass that of its binding to synthetic sialoglycan determinants by several orders of magnitude. Since most human Siglecs have evolved rapidly and are distinct from those in most other mammals, this review describes endogenous human Siglec ligands for several human immune inhibitory Siglecs. As the identities of these immune regulatory sialoglycan ligands are defined, additional opportunities to target Siglecs therapeutically may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jean Kim
- Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Zhang J, Hu C, Xie X, Qi L, Li C, Li S. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in HBV-Caused Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030614. [PMID: 36992198 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Surgery, liver transplantation, and ablation therapies have been used to treat early HBV-caused HCC (HBV-HCC); meanwhile, in the advanced stage, chemoradiotherapy and drug-targeted therapy are regularly considered, but with limited efficacy. Recently, immunotherapies, such as tumor vaccine therapy, adoptive cell transfer therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, have demonstrated promising efficacy in cancer treatment. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors can successfully prevent tumors from achieving immune escape and promote an anti-tumor response, thereby boosting the therapeutic effect in HBV-HCC. However, the advantages of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of HBV-HCC remain to be exploited. Here, we describe the basic characteristics and development of HBV-HCC and introduce current treatment strategies for HBV-HCC. Of note, we review the principles of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) in HBV-HCC, as well as related inhibitors being considered in the clinic. We also discuss the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of HBV-HCC and the efficacy of those inhibitors in HCC with various etiologies, aiming to provide insights into the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Changwei Hu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Linzhi Qi
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shangze Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Li Z, Kim H, Kim J, Park JH. EP400NL is involved in PD-L1 gene activation by forming a transcriptional coactivator complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194889. [PMID: 36328277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
EP400 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzyme that regulates DNA double-strand break repair and transcription, including cMyc-dependent gene expression. We previously showed that the N-terminal domain of EP400 increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer cells. As the EP400 N-terminal-Like (EP400NL) gene resides next to the EP400 gene locus, this prompted us to investigate whether EP400NL plays a similar role in transcriptional regulation to the full-length EP400 protein. We found that EP400NL forms a human NuA4-like chromatin remodelling complex that lacks both the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase and EP400 ATPase. However, this EP400NL complex displays H2A.Z deposition activity on a chromatin template comparable to the human NuA4 complex, suggesting another associated ATPase such as BRG1 or RuvBL1/RuvBL2 catalyses the reaction. We demonstrated that the transcriptional coactivator function of EP400NL is required for serum and IFNγ-induced PD-L1 gene activation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicates that EP400NL contributes to cMyc-responsive mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our studies show that EP400NL plays a role as a transcription coactivator of PD-L1 gene regulation and provides a potential target to modulate cMyc functions in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Li
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hyoungmin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Hyeon Park
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Nguyen HM, Gaikwad S, Oladejo M, Agrawal MY, Srivastava SK, Wood LM. Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in cancer: An update. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216080. [PMID: 36736853 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of defense mechanisms which a host elicits after pathogen invasion, type 1 interferons play a central role in regulating the immune system's response. They induce several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) which play a diverse role once activated. Over the past few decades, there have been several studies exploring the role of ISGs in cancer and ISG15 is among the most studied for its pro and anti-tumorigenic role. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the recent observations and findings related to ISG15 in cancer. We provide a brief overview about the initial observations and important historical findings which helped scientists understand structure and function of ISG15. We aim to provide an overview of ISG15 in cancer with an emphasis on studies which delve into the molecular mechanism of ISG15 in modulating the tumor microenvironment. Further, the dysregulation of ISG15 in cancer and the molecular mechanisms associated with its pro and anti-tumor roles are discussed in respective cancer types. Finally, we discuss multiple therapeutic applications of ISG15 in current cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Shreyas Gaikwad
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Manas Yogendra Agrawal
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Laurence M Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA; Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
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Loch FN, Kamphues C, Beyer K, Schineis C, Rayya W, Lauscher JC, Horst D, Dragomir MP, Schallenberg S. The Immune Checkpoint Landscape in Tumor Cells of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032160. [PMID: 36768480 PMCID: PMC9917344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has shown promising potential in the treatment of multiple solid tumors. However, the role of ICT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains limited. Patterns of immune checkpoints (ICs) in PDAC represent the basis for establishing a potent ICT. The aim of this study is to create a profile of IC expression and its prognostic relevance in cancer cells of PDAC. Therefore, tumor cells from peripheral and central tissue microarray (TMA) spots from histologically confirmed PDAC of 68 patients after tumor resection were investigated in terms of expressions of TIM3, IDO, B7H4, LAG3, VISTA, and PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry. The presence of the respective ICs was compared to overall survival (OS). The presence of VISTA and PD-L1 significantly correlates with shorter OS (median OS: 22 months vs. 7 months and 22 months vs. 11 months, respectively, p < 0.05). For the presence of TIM3, IDO, B7H4, and LAG3, no difference in OS was observed (p > 0.05). The analysis of OS of combined subgroups for VISTA and PD-L1 (VISTA and PD-L1 neg., VISTA pos. and PD-L1 neg., VISTA neg. and PD-L1 pos., and VISTA and PD-L1 pos.) yielded overall statistical significance difference (p = 0.02). These results suggest that the presence of VISTA and PD-L1 is of prognostic relevance and potentially qualifies them as targets for ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian N. Loch
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-450552722
| | - Carsten Kamphues
- Department of Surgery, Park-Klinik Weißensee, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Beyer
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schineis
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wael Rayya
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Lauscher
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Andrzejczak A, Partyka A, Wiśniewski A, Porębska I, Pawełczyk K, Ptaszkowski K, Kuśnierczyk P, Jasek M, Karabon L. The association of BTLA gene polymorphisms with non-small lung cancer risk in smokers and never-smokers. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1006639. [PMID: 36741370 PMCID: PMC9893504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is the predominant cause of death among cancer patients and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type. Cigarette smoking is the prevailing risk factor for NSCLC, nevertheless, this cancer is also diagnosed in never-smokers. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) belongs to immunological checkpoints which are key regulatory molecules of the immune response. A growing body of evidence highlights the important role of BTLA in cancer. In our previous studies, we showed a significant association between BTLA gene variants and susceptibility to chronic lymphoblastic leukemia and renal cell carcinoma in the Polish population. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of BTLA polymorphic variants on the susceptibility to NSCLC and NSCLC patients' overall survival (OS). Methods Using TaqMan probes we genotyped seven BTLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2705511, rs1982809, rs9288952, rs9288953, rs1844089, rs11921669 and rs2633582 with the use of ViiA 7 Real-Time PCR System. Results We found that rs1982809 within BTLA is associated with NSCLC risk, where carriers of rs1982809G allele (AG+GG genotypes) were more frequent in patients compared to controls. In subgroup analyses, we also noticed that rs1982809G carriers are significantly overrepresented in never-smokers, but not in smokers compared to controls. Additionally, the global distribution of the haplotypes differed between the never-smokers and smokers, where haplotypes A G G C A, C G A C G, and C G A T G were more frequent in never-smoking patients. Furthermore, the presence rs1982809G (AG+GG genotypes) allele as well as the presence of rs9288953T allele (CT+TT genotypes) increased NSCLC risk in females' patients. After stratification by histological type, we noticed that rs1982809G and rs2705511C carriers were more frequent among adenocarcinoma patients. Moreover, rs1982809G and rs2705511C correlated with the more advanced stages of NSCLC (stage II and III), but not with stage IV. Furthermore, we showed that rs2705511 and rs1982809 significantly modified OS, while rs9288952 tend to be associated with patients' survival. Conclusion Our results indicate that BTLA polymorphic variants may be considered low penetrating risk factors for NSCLC especially in never-smokers, and in females, and are associated with OS of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejczak
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland,*Correspondence: Anna Andrzejczak, ; Lidia Karabon,
| | - Anna Partyka
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irena Porębska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Konrad Pawełczyk
- Departament of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Centre of Oncology, Pulmonology and Haematology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuba Ptaszkowski
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Jasek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Laboratory of Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Diseases, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland,*Correspondence: Anna Andrzejczak, ; Lidia Karabon,
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Cao J, Hong K, Cao Y, Cen K, Mai Y, Dai Y, Ouyang G, Mu Q, Guo Y. Development of anoikis-related genes signature to predict the prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1096608. [PMID: 36713571 PMCID: PMC9878391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1096608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that the prognosis of Gastric cancer (GC) patient is affected by many factors. However, the latent impact of anoikis on the prognosis of GC patients is insufficient understood. Methods According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we elected discrepantly expressed anoikis-related genes (ARGs). Univariate cox and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) analysis were applied to build the ARGs signature. The prognostic effect of the ARGs signature was also evaluated. A series of algorithms were performed to evaluate the discrepancies in the immune microenvironment. Moreover, the correlation between drug sensitivity and ARGs signature was analyzed. We also performed Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to probe the signature. Results The ARGs signature of 9 genes was constructed, which was apparently interrelated with the prognosis. The nomogram was established by combining the ARGs signature with clinicopathological characteristics. We found that the predictive power was noteworthily superior to other individual predictors. The immune microenvironment analysis indicated that ESTIMATEscore, ImmuneScores, StromalScores, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score were lower in the low-risk group, while immunophenoscore (IPS) was on the contrary. The infiltrated immune cells and immune checkpoint (ICP) expression levels were significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, nine drugs were positively associated with the ARGs signature score. The results of RT-PCR analysis were consistent with our previous differential expression analysis. Conclusion The developed ARGs signature could act as the biomarker and provide a momentous reference for Individual therapy of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuepeng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Kenan Cen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifeng Mai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Dai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Yangyang Guo, ; Qitian Mu, ; Guifang Ouyang,
| | - Qitian Mu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Yangyang Guo, ; Qitian Mu, ; Guifang Ouyang,
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China,Department of General Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Yangyang Guo, ; Qitian Mu, ; Guifang Ouyang,
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Oladejo M, Paulishak W, Wood L. Synergistic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:81-95. [PMID: 36526110 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) function at different stages of the cancer immune cycle due to their distinct mechanisms of action. Therapeutic cancer vaccines enhance the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), while ICIs, prevent and/or reverse the dysfunction of these immune cells. The efficacy of both classes of immunotherapy has been evaluated in monotherapy, but they have been met with several challenges. Although therapeutic cancer vaccines can activate anti-tumor immune responses, these responses are susceptible to attenuation by immunoregulatory molecules. Similarly, ICIs are ineffective in the absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Further, ICIs are often associated with immune-related adverse effects that may limit quality of life and compliance. However, the combination of the improved immunogenicity afforded by cancer vaccines and restrained immunosuppression provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide a suitable platform for therapeutic synergism. In this review, we revisit the history and various classifications of therapeutic cancer vaccines. We also provide a summary of the currently approved ICIs. Finally, we provide mechanistic insights into the synergism between ICIs and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Wyatt Paulishak
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Laurence Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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Wan S, Zhao E, Weissinger D, Krantz BA, Werba G, Freeman D, Khanna LG, Siolas D, Oberstein PE, Chattopadhyay PK, Simeone DM, Welling TH. Tumor infiltrating T cell states and checkpoint inhibitor expression in hepatic and pancreatic malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1067352. [PMID: 36798126 PMCID: PMC9927010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1067352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) malignancies are difficult-to-treat and continue to to have a high mortality and significant therapeutic resistance to standard therapies. Immune oncology (IO) therapies have demonstrated efficacy in several solid malignancies when combined with chemotherapy, whereas response rates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) are poor. While promising in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), there remains an unmet need to fully leverage IO therapies to treat HPB tumors. We therefore defined T cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment of HPB patients utilizing a novel, multiparameter flow cytometry and bioinformatics analysis. Our findings quantify the T cell phenotypic states in relation to checkpoint receptor expression. We demonstrate the presence of CD103+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM), CCR7+ central memory T cells, and CD57+ terminally differentiated effector cells across all HPB cancers, while the anti-tumor function was dampened by expression of multiple co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors. Terminally exhausted T cells lacking co-stimulatory receptors were more prevalent in PDA, whereas partially exhausted T cells expressing both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors were most prevalent in HCC, especially in early stage. HCC patients had significantly higher TRM with a phenotype that could confer restored activation in response to immune checkpoint therapies. Further, we found a lack of robust alteration in T cell activation state or checkpoint expression in response to chemotherapy in PDA patients. These results support that HCC patients might benefit most from combined checkpoint therapies, whereas efforts other than cytotoxic chemotherapy will likely be necessary to increase overall T cell activation in CCA and PDA for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wan
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Weissinger
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin A Krantz
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregor Werba
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren G Khanna
- Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Despina Siolas
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul E Oberstein
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pratip K Chattopadhyay
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Theodore H Welling
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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Pan M, Zhao H, Jin R, Leung PSC, Shuai Z. Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156212. [PMID: 37090741 PMCID: PMC10115969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis mainly involving small blood vessels. It is demonstrated that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of AAV, including regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells (Th), especially Th2, Th17, and follicular Th cells (Tfh). In addition, the exhaustion of T cells predicted the favorable prognosis of AAV. The immune checkpoints (ICs) consist of a group of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of T cells, which maintains a balance between the activation and exhaustion of T cells. CD28, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), OX40, CD40L, glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), and CD137 are the common co-stimulatory molecules, while the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD200, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) belong to co-inhibitory molecules. If this balance was disrupted and the activation of T cells was increased, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) might be induced. Even in the treatment of malignant tumors, activation of T cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may result in AIDs known as rheumatic immune-related adverse events (Rh-irAEs), suggesting the importance of ICs in AIDs. In this review, we summarized the features of AAV induced by immunotherapy using ICIs in patients with malignant tumors, and then reviewed the biological characteristics of different ICs. Our aim was to explore potential targets in ICs for future treatment of AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruimin Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
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Zhang J, Jin H, Pan S, Han C, Sun Q, Han X. Immune checkpoints expression patterns in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer predict prognosis and remodel the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1073550. [PMID: 36814908 PMCID: PMC9939840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1073550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, targeting immune checkpoint molecules holds great promise for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the expression landscape of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) in TNBC remains largely unknown. Method Herein, we systematically investigated the ICGs expression patterns in 422 TNBC samples. We evaluated the ICGs molecular typing based on the ICGs expression profile and explored the associations between ICGs molecular subtypes and tumor immune characteristics, clinical significance, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Results Two ICGs clusters and two ICGs-related gene clusters were determined, which were involved in different survival outcomes, biological roles and infiltration levels of immune cells. We established a quantification system ICGs riskscore (named IRS) to assess the ICGs expression patterns for individuals. TNBC patients with lower IRS were characterized by increased immune cell infiltration, favorable clinical outcomes and high sensitivity to ICIs therapy. We also developed a nomogram model combining clinicopathological variables to predict overall survival in TNBC. Genomic feature analysis revealed that high IRS group presented an increased tumor mutation burden compared with the low IRS group. Conclusion Collectively, dissecting the ICGs expression patterns not only provides a new insight into TNBC subtypes but also deepens the understanding of ICGs in the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Medical Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuaikang Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Medical Oncology, Wan Nan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chaoqiang Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Medical Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Medical Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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