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Huang D, Li M, Qiao Z, Zhou H, Cai Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhou J. Effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in mice: Age and subregion differences. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:220-234. [PMID: 39282551 PMCID: PMC11401168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important phase for the structural and functional development of the brain. The immaturity of adolescent brain development is associated with high susceptibility to exogenous disturbances, including alcohol. In this study, the acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent mice by alcohol (2 g/kg) and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+ interneurons), oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OPCs), and myelination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed. We aim to determine the age- and subregional-specificity of the effects of alcohol. Alcohol (2 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on even days, and saline was injected intraperitoneally on odd days. The control group received a continuous intraperitoneal injection with saline. Differences in alcohol-induced CPP acquisition were assessed, followed by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed a pronounced CPP acquisition in 4- and 5-week-old mice. In the mPFC, there were reduced PV+ interneurons and OPCs in 3-week-old mice and reduced oligodendrocyte numbers in 4-week-old mice. The 5-week-old mice showed impaired myelination and a decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC. Since the alterations in 5-week-old mice are more pronounced, we further explored the mPFC-associated subregional-specificity. In the alcohol-exposed mice, the oligodendrocyte numbers were decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), PV+ interneuron numbers were declined in the prelimbic cortex (PL), and the number of oligodendrocytes, PV+ interneurons, and OPCs was also decreased with impaired myelination in the infralimbic cortex (IL). Our data suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure notably affected the acquisition of CPP, myelin formation, and the counts of PV+ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC in 5-week-old mice. Also, the IL subregion was the worst-affected subregion of the mPFC in alcohol-exposed 5-week-old mice. It reveals that the effects of alcohol on adolescence and its mPFC myelination show obvious age- and subregional-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Maolin Li
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifei Qiao
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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2
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Huang G, Li Z, Liu X, Guan M, Zhou S, Zhong X, Zheng T, Xin D, Gu X, Mu D, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Lu QR, He X. DOR activation in mature oligodendrocytes regulates α-ketoglutarate metabolism leading to enhanced remyelination in aged mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01754-9. [PMID: 39266660 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The decreased ability of mature oligodendrocytes to produce myelin negatively affects remyelination in demyelinating diseases and aging, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the present study, we identify a mature oligodendrocyte-enriched transcriptional coregulator diabetes- and obesity-related gene (DOR)/tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2), downregulated in demyelinated lesions of donors with multiple sclerosis and in aged oligodendrocyte-lineage cells. Dor ablation in mice of both sexes results in defective myelinogenesis and remyelination. Genomic occupancy in oligodendrocytes and transcriptome profiling of the optic nerves of wild-type and Dor conditional knockout mice reveal that DOR and SOX10 co-occupy enhancers of critical myelinogenesis-associated genes including Prr18, encoding an oligodendrocyte-enriched, proline-rich factor. We show that DOR targets regulatory elements of genes responsible for α-ketoglutarate biosynthesis in mature oligodendrocytes and is essential for α-ketoglutarate production and lipid biosynthesis. Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate restores oligodendrocyte-maturation defects in Dor-deficient adult mice and improves remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelination and cognitive function in 17-month-old wild-type mice. Our data suggest that activation of α-ketoglutarate metabolism in mature oligodendrocytes can promote myelin production during demyelination and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiao Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhidan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Menglong Guan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dazhuan Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuelian He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Akinlaja YO, Nishiyama A. Glial modulation of synapse development and plasticity: oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a new player in the synaptic quintet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1418100. [PMID: 39258226 PMCID: PMC11385347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1418100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic communication is an important process in the central nervous system that allows for the rapid and spatially specified transfer of signals. Neurons receive various synaptic inputs and generate action potentials required for information transfer, and these inputs can be excitatory or inhibitory, which collectively determines the output. Non-neuronal cells (glial cells) have been identified as crucial participants in influencing neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, with astrocytes forming tripartite synapses and microglia pruning synapses. While it has been known that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) receive neuronal inputs, whether they also influence neuronal activity and synaptic transmission has remained unknown for two decades. Recent findings indicate that OPCs, too, modulate neuronal synapses. In this review, we discuss the roles of different glial cell types at synapses, including the recently discovered involvement of OPCs in synaptic transmission and synapse refinement, and discuss overlapping roles played by multiple glial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde O Akinlaja
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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4
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Ren SY, Xia Y, Yu B, Lei QJ, Hou PF, Guo S, Wu SL, Liu W, Yang SF, Jiang YB, Chen JF, Shen KF, Zhang CQ, Wang F, Yan M, Ren H, Yang N, Zhang J, Zhang K, Lin S, Li T, Yang QW, Xiao L, Hu ZX, Mei F. Growth hormone promotes myelin repair after chronic hypoxia via triggering pericyte-dependent angiogenesis. Neuron 2024; 112:2177-2196.e6. [PMID: 38653248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) causes oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation arrest and functional deficits, with no effective therapies to date. Here, we report increased expression of growth hormone (GH) in the hypoxic neonatal mouse brain, a model of WMI. GH treatment during or post hypoxic exposure rescues hypoxia-induced hypomyelination and promotes functional recovery in adolescent mice. Single-cell sequencing reveals that Ghr mRNA expression is highly enriched in vascular cells. Cell-lineage labeling and tracing identify the GHR-expressing vascular cells as a subpopulation of pericytes. These cells display tip-cell-like morphology with kinetic polarized filopodia revealed by two-photon live imaging and seemingly direct blood vessel branching and bridging. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments indicate that GHR signaling in pericytes is sufficient to modulate angiogenesis in neonatal brains, which enhances OPC differentiation and myelination indirectly. These findings demonstrate that targeting GHR and/or downstream effectors may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qi-Jing Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shao-Fan Yang
- Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai-Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Emergence, 5(th) People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhang-Xue Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain Development and Cognition, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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5
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Moir RD, Merheb E, Chitu V, Richard Stanley E, Willis IM. Molecular basis of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Polr3-related disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.12.571310. [PMID: 38168294 PMCID: PMC10760057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in subunits of RNA polymerase (Pol) III cause a spectrum of Polr3-related neurodegenerative diseases including 4H leukodystrophy. Disease onset occurs from infancy to early adulthood and is associated with a variable range and severity of neurological and non-neurological features. The molecular basis of Polr3-related disease pathogenesis is unknown. We developed a postnatal whole-body mouse model expressing pathogenic Polr3a mutations to examine the molecular mechanisms by which reduced Pol III transcription results primarily in central nervous system phenotypes. Polr3a mutant mice exhibit behavioral deficits, cerebral pathology and exocrine pancreatic atrophy. Transcriptome and immunohistochemistry analyses of cerebra during disease progression show a reduction in most Pol III transcripts, induction of innate immune and integrated stress responses and cell type-specific gene expression changes reflecting neuron and oligodendrocyte loss and microglial activation. Earlier in the disease when integrated stress and innate immune responses are minimally induced, mature tRNA sequencing revealed a global reduction in tRNA levels and an altered tRNA profile but no changes in other Pol III transcripts. Thus, changes in the size and/or composition of the tRNA pool have a causal role in disease initiation. Our findings reveal different tissue- and brain region-specific sensitivities to a defect in Pol III transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn D. Moir
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - Emilio Merheb
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - Ian M. Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, USA
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6
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Wang J, Yang L, Du Y, Wang J, Weng Q, Liu X, Nicholson E, Xin M, Lu QR. BRG1 programs PRC2-complex repression and controls oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310143. [PMID: 38652118 PMCID: PMC11040499 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-remodeling protein BRG1/SMARCA4 is pivotal for establishing oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage identity. However, its functions for oligodendrocyte-precursor cell (OPC) differentiation within the postnatal brain and during remyelination remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Brg1 loss profoundly impairs OPC differentiation in the brain with a comparatively lesser effect in the spinal cord. Moreover, BRG1 is critical for OPC remyelination after injury. Integrative transcriptomic/genomic profiling reveals that BRG1 exhibits a dual role by promoting OPC differentiation networks while repressing OL-inhibitory cues and proneuronal programs. Furthermore, we find that BRG1 interacts with EED/PRC2 polycomb-repressive-complexes to enhance H3K27me3-mediated repression at gene loci associated with OL-differentiation inhibition and neurogenesis. Notably, BRG1 depletion decreases H3K27me3 deposition, leading to the upregulation of BMP/WNT signaling and proneurogenic genes, which suppresses OL programs. Thus, our findings reveal a hitherto unexplored spatiotemporal-specific role of BRG1 for OPC differentiation in the developing CNS and underscore a new insight into BRG1/PRC2-mediated epigenetic regulation that promotes and safeguards OL lineage commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yiwen Du
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eva Nicholson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qing Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Moghimyfiroozabad S, Paul MA, Bellenger L, Selimi F. A molecularly defined subpopulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells controls the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes during postnatal development. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002655. [PMID: 38985832 PMCID: PMC11236193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a class of glial cells that uniformly tiles the entire central nervous system (CNS). They play several key functions across the brain including the generation of oligodendrocytes and the control of myelination. Whether the functional diversity of OPCs is the result of genetically defined subpopulations or of their regulation by external factors has not been definitely established. We discovered that a subpopulation of OPCs found across the brain is defined by the expression of C1ql1, a gene previously described for its synaptic function in neurons. This subpopulation starts to appear during the first postnatal week in the mouse cortex. Ablation of C1ql1-expressing OPCs in the mouse leads to a massive lack of oligodendrocytes and myelination in many brain regions. This deficit cannot be rescued, even though some OPCs escape Sox10-driven ablation and end up partially compensating the OPC loss in the adult. Therefore, C1ql1 is a molecular marker of a functionally non-redundant subpopulation of OPCs, which controls the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Moghimyfiroozabad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Maela A Paul
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Lea Bellenger
- ARTbio Bioinformatics Analysis Facility, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1156, CNRS FR 3631, Institut Français de Bioinformatique (IFB), Paris, France
| | - Fekrije Selimi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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8
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Kang M, Yao Y. Oligodendrocyte-derived laminin-γ1 regulates the blood-brain barrier and CNS myelination in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114123. [PMID: 38635399 PMCID: PMC11154164 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although oligodendrocytes (OLs) synthesize laminin-γ1, the most widely used γ subunit, its functional significance in the CNS remains unknown. To answer this important question, we generated a conditional knockout mouse line with laminin-γ1 deficiency in OL lineage cells (γ1-OKO). γ1-OKO mice exhibit weakness/paralysis and die by post-natal day 33. Additionally, they develop blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the cortex and striatum. Subsequent studies reveal decreased major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a expression and increased endothelial caveolae vesicles, but unaltered tight junction protein expression and tight junction ultrastructure, indicating a transcellular, rather than a paracellular, mechanism of BBB breakdown. Furthermore, significantly reduced OL lineage cells, OL precursor cells (OPCs), proliferating OPCs, and mature OLs are observed in γ1-OKO brains in a region-specific manner. Consistent with this finding, various defects in myelination are detected in γ1-OKO brains at biochemical and ultrastructural levels. Overall, these results highlight important roles of OL-derived laminin-γ1 in BBB maintenance and OL biology (proliferation, differentiation, and myelination).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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9
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Nomaki K, Fujikawa R, Masuda T, Tsuda M. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the CD11c + microglial population in the mouse brain and spinal cord from developmental to adult stages. Mol Brain 2024; 17:24. [PMID: 38762724 PMCID: PMC11102220 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD11c-positive (CD11c+) microglia have attracted considerable attention because of their potential implications in central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and disease. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in individual CNS regions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in six CNS regions (forebrain, olfactory bulb, diencephalon/midbrain, cerebellum, pons/medulla, and spinal cord) from the developmental to adult stages by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses using a CD11c reporter transgenic mouse line, Itgax-Venus. We found that the proportion of CD11c+ microglia in total microglia varied between CNS regions during postnatal development. Specifically, the proportion was high in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum at postnatal day P(4) and P7, respectively, and approximately half of the total microglia were CD11c+. The proportion declined sharply in all regions to P14, and the low percentage persisted over P56. In the spinal cord, the proportion of CD11c+ microglia was also high at P4 and declined to P14, but increased again at P21 and thereafter. Interestingly, the distribution pattern of CD11c+ microglia in the spinal cord markedly changed from gray matter at P4 to white matter at P21. Collectively, our findings reveal the differences in the spatiotemporal dynamics of the proportion of CD11c+ microglia among CNS regions from early development to adult stages in normal mice. These findings improve our understanding of the nature of microglial heterogeneity and its dynamics in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nomaki
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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10
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Liu X, Xin DE, Zhong X, Zhao C, Li Z, Zhang L, Dourson AJ, Lee L, Mishra S, Bayat AE, Nicholson E, Seibel WL, Yan B, Mason J, Turner BJ, Gonsalvez DG, Ong W, Chew SY, Ghosh B, Yoon SO, Xin M, He Z, Tchieu J, Wegner M, Nave KA, Franklin RJM, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Hu M, Smith MA, Jankowski MP, Barton SK, He X, Lu QR. Small-molecule-induced epigenetic rejuvenation promotes SREBP condensation and overcomes barriers to CNS myelin regeneration. Cell 2024; 187:2465-2484.e22. [PMID: 38701782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Remyelination failure in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) was thought to involve suppressed maturation of oligodendrocyte precursors; however, oligodendrocytes are present in MS lesions yet lack myelin production. We found that oligodendrocytes in the lesions are epigenetically silenced. Developing a transgenic reporter labeling differentiated oligodendrocytes for phenotypic screening, we identified a small-molecule epigenetic-silencing-inhibitor (ESI1) that enhances myelin production and ensheathment. ESI1 promotes remyelination in animal models of demyelination and enables de novo myelinogenesis on regenerated CNS axons. ESI1 treatment lengthened myelin sheaths in human iPSC-derived organoids and augmented (re)myelination in aged mice while reversing age-related cognitive decline. Multi-omics revealed that ESI1 induces an active chromatin landscape that activates myelinogenic pathways and reprograms metabolism. Notably, ESI1 triggered nuclear condensate formation of master lipid-metabolic regulators SREBP1/2, concentrating transcriptional co-activators to drive lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis. Our study highlights the potential of targeting epigenetic silencing to enable CNS myelin regeneration in demyelinating diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhidan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam J Dourson
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay Lee
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shreya Mishra
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arman E Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eva Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Joel Mason
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - David G Gonsalvez
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - William Ong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, India, 500078
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mei Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Tchieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Pediatric Pain Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samantha K Barton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Xuelian He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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11
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Ramnauth AD, Tippani M, Divecha HR, Papariello AR, Miller RA, Nelson ED, Pattie EA, Kleinman JE, Maynard KR, Collado-Torres L, Hyde TM, Martinowich K, Hicks SC, Page SC. Spatiotemporal analysis of gene expression in the human dentate gyrus reveals age-associated changes in cellular maturation and neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.20.567883. [PMID: 38045413 PMCID: PMC10690172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is important for many cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and mood. Here, we investigated age-associated changes in transcriptome-wide spatial gene expression in the human dentate gyrus across the lifespan. Genes associated with neurogenesis and the extracellular matrix were enriched in infants, while gene markers of inhibitory neurons and cell proliferation showed increases and decreases in post-infancy, respectively. While we did not find evidence for neural proliferation post-infancy, we did identify molecular signatures supporting protracted maturation of granule cells. We also identified a wide-spread hippocampal aging signature and an age-associated increase in genes related to neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest major changes to the putative neurogenic niche after infancy and identify molecular foci of brain aging in glial and neuropil enriched tissue.
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12
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Caldwell M, Mendoza JC, Jiang XYZ, Alarcon C, Ayo-Jibunoh V, Louis S, Maronna D, Darwish R, Tomaio J, Mingote S, Yetnikoff L. Reorganization of dopamine circuitry in the anterior corpus callosum between early adolescence and adulthood in the mouse. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2535-2548. [PMID: 38720367 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The maturation of forebrain dopamine circuitry occurs over multiple developmental periods, extending from early postnatal life until adulthood, with the precise timing of maturation defined by the target region. We recently demonstrated in the adult mouse brain that axon terminals arising from midbrain dopamine neurons innervate the anterior corpus callosum and that oligodendrocyte lineage cells in this white matter tract express dopamine receptor transcripts. Whether corpus callosal dopamine circuitry undergoes maturational changes between early adolescence and adulthood is unknown but may be relevant to understanding the dramatic micro- and macro-anatomical changes that occur in the corpus callosum of multiple species during early adolescence, including in the degree of myelination. Using quantitative neuroanatomy, we show that dopamine innervation in the forceps minor, but not the rostral genu, of the corpus callosum, is greater during early adolescence (P21) compared to adulthood (>P90) in wild-type mice. We further demonstrate with RNAscope that, as in the adult, Drd1 and Drd2 transcripts are expressed at higher levels in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and decline as these cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes. In addition, the number of OPCs that express Drd1 transcripts during early adolescence is double the number of those expressing the transcript during early adulthood. These data further implicate dopamine in axon myelination and myelin regulation. Moreover, because developmental (activity-independent) myelination peaks during early adolescence, with experience-dependent (activity-dependent) myelination greatest during early adulthood, our data suggest that potential roles of dopamine on callosal myelination shift between early adolescence and adulthood, from a developmental role to an experience-dependent role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Caldwell
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josue Criollo Mendoza
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Xin Yan Zhu Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Colin Alarcon
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Ayo-Jibunoh
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Shelby Louis
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Maronna
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Rania Darwish
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jaquelyn Tomaio
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susana Mingote
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Kim B, Gong S, Park J, Zhu M, Wong EM, Park AY, Chernoff J, Guo F. Control of OPC proliferation and repopulation by the intellectual disability gene PAK1 under homeostatic and demyelinating conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591153. [PMID: 38746444 PMCID: PMC11092442 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate proliferation and repopulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) determine successful (re)myelination in homeostatic and demyelinating brains. Activating mutations in p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) cause intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental abnormality, and white matter anomaly in children. It remains unclear if and how PAK1 regulates oligodendroglial development. Here, we report that PAK1 controls proliferation and regeneration of OPCs. Unlike differentiating oligodendrocytes, OPCs display high PAK1 activity which maintains them in a proliferative state by modulating PDGFRa-mediated mitogenic signaling. PAK1-deficient or kinase-inhibited OPCs reduce their proliferation capacity and population expansion. Mice carrying OPC-specific PAK1 deletion or kinase inhibition are populated with fewer OPCs in the homeostatic and demyelinated CNS than control mice. Together, our findings suggest that kinase-activating PAK1 mutations stall OPCs in a progenitor state, impacting timely oligodendroglial differentiation in the CNS of affected children and that PAK1 is a potential molecular target for replenishing OPCs in demyelinating lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Meina Zhu
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Evelyn M. Wong
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Audrey Y. Park
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine (IPRM), Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817
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14
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Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360242. [PMID: 38650657 PMCID: PMC11033448 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a key regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and in disease. Importantly, improved understanding of immune contributions to mood disorders has provided novel opportunities for the treatment of debilitating stress-related mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the impact to, and involvement of, B lymphocytes in the response to stress is not well-understood, leaving a fundamental gap in our knowledge underlying the immune theory of depression. Several emerging clinical and preclinical findings highlight pronounced consequences for B cells in stress and MDD and may indicate key roles for B cells in modulating mood. This review will describe the clinical and foundational observations implicating B cell-psychological stress interactions, discuss potential mechanisms by which B cells may impact brain function in the context of stress and mood disorders, describe research tools that support the investigation of their neurobiological impacts, and highlight remaining research questions. The goal here is for this discussion to illuminate both the scope and limitations of our current understanding regarding the role of B cells, stress, mood, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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15
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Qi YB, Xu Z, Shen S, Wang Z, Wang Z. MYRF: A unique transmembrane transcription factor- from proteolytic self-processing to its multifaceted roles in animal development. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300209. [PMID: 38488284 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The Myelin Regulator Factor (MYRF) is a master regulator governing myelin formation and maintenance in the central nervous system. The conservation of MYRF across metazoans and its broad tissue expression suggest it has functions extending beyond the well-established role in myelination. Loss of MYRF results in developmental lethality in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and MYRF haploinsufficiency in humans causes MYRF-related Cardiac Urogenital Syndrome, underscoring its importance in animal development; however, these mechanisms are largely unexplored. MYRF, an unconventional transcription factor, begins embedded in the membrane and undergoes intramolecular chaperone mediated trimerization, which triggers self-cleavage, allowing its N-terminal segment with an Ig-fold DNA-binding domain to enter the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Recent research suggests developmental regulation of cleavage, yet the mechanisms remain enigmatic. While some parts of MYRF's structure have been elucidated, others remain obscure, leaving questions about how these motifs are linked to its intricate processing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan B Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chang M, Nehs S, Xu Z, Kanold PO. Distinct distribution of subplate neuron subtypes between the sensory cortices during the early postnatal period. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25594. [PMID: 38407509 PMCID: PMC11186582 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Subplate neurons (SpNs) are a heterogeneous neuronal population actively involved in early cortical circuit formation. In rodents, many SpNs survive and form layer 6b. The molecular heterogeneity of SpNs raises the question of whether different subpopulations of SpNs survive through the early postnatal period similarly and whether such diverse SpN populations in the auditory cortex (ACtx) share a common distribution pattern with other sensory systems. To address that, we investigated the expression pattern of multiple specific SpN markers in the ACtx, as well as in the visual (VCtx) and somatosensory (SCtx) cortices as controls, using complexin 3 (Cplx3) antibodies and different SpN-specific Cre-driver mice, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1a), and neurexophilin 4 (Nxph4). We focused on two early time windows in auditory development: (1) during the second postnatal week (PNW) before ear-canal opening and (2) during the third PNW after ear-canal opening. We compared the expression pattern of different SpN markers in ACtx with VCtx and SCtx. At both examined timepoints, Cplx3 and Nxph4 expressing SpNs form the largest and smallest population in the ACtx, respectively. Similar distribution patterns are observable in the VCtx and SCtx during the second PNW but not during the third PNW, for a higher proportion of Drd1a expressing SpNs is detected in the VCtx and CTGF expressing SpNs in the SCtx. This study suggests that different populations of SpNs might contribute differently to the development of individual sensory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzi Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophia Nehs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Wallace JL, Pollen AA. Human neuronal maturation comes of age: cellular mechanisms and species differences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:7-29. [PMID: 37996703 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The delayed and prolonged postmitotic maturation of human neurons, compared with neurons from other species, may contribute to human-specific cognitive abilities and neurological disorders. Here we review the mechanisms of neuronal maturation, applying lessons from model systems to understand the specific features of protracted human cortical maturation and species differences. We cover cell-intrinsic features of neuronal maturation, including transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms, as well as cell-extrinsic features, including the roles of activity and synapses, the actions of glial cells and the contribution of the extracellular matrix. We discuss evidence for species differences in biochemical reaction rates, the proposed existence of an epigenetic maturation clock and the contributions of both general and modular mechanisms to species-specific maturation timing. Finally, we suggest approaches to measure, improve and accelerate the maturation of human neurons in culture, examine crosstalk and interactions among these different aspects of maturation and propose conceptual models to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Wallace
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Huang HT, Tzeng SF. Interleukin-33 has the protective effect on oligodendrocytes against impairment induced by cuprizone intoxication. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105645. [PMID: 38016520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Our prior investigations have demonstrated the pivotal role of IL-33 in facilitating the maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs), prompting our interest in exploring its potential therapeutic effects. In this study, our focus was directed towards deciphering the functions of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in established demyelinating mouse model induced by the feeding of cuprizone (CPZ)-containing diet. We observed the reduction in corpus callosal adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)+ OLs with IL-33 expression in mice subjected to CPZ feeding for durations of 6 and 8 weeks. In parallel, the levels of IL-33 in the corpus callosum declined after CPZ-containing diet. Furthermore, we conducted experiments utilizing primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature OLs, which were exposed to CPZ. A decrease in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) was evident in the cultures of mature OLs after treatment with CPZ. Additionally, both IL-33 mRNA and protein levels exhibited downregulation. To counteract the diminished IL-33 levels induced by CPZ, we employed a lentiviral vector to overexpress IL-33 in OLs. Intriguingly, the overexpression of IL-33 (IL33OE) in OLs resulted in a more distinct membranous morphology following CPZ treatment when compared to that observed in OL Mock cultures. Moreover, MBP protein levels in the presence of CPZ were higher in IL33OE OLs than that detected in OL Mock cultures. These findings collectively indicate that IL-33 possesses the capability to mitigate CPZ-induced damage and bolster OL homeostasis. In summary, our study underscores the importance of IL-33 in the context of demyelinating diseases, shedding light on its potential therapeutic implications for fostering remyelination and preserving OL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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19
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Millevert C, Vidas-Guscic N, Vanherp L, Jonckers E, Verhoye M, Staelens S, Bertoglio D, Weckhuysen S. Resting-State Functional MRI and PET Imaging as Noninvasive Tools to Study (Ab)Normal Neurodevelopment in Humans and Rodents. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8275-8293. [PMID: 38073598 PMCID: PMC10711730 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1043-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of complex neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Functional and molecular imaging techniques, such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), can be used to measure network activity noninvasively and longitudinally during maturation in both humans and rodent models. Here, we review the current knowledge on rs-fMRI and PET biomarkers in the study of normal and abnormal neurodevelopment, including intellectual disability (ID; with/without epilepsy), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in humans and rodent models from birth until adulthood, and evaluate the cross-species translational value of the imaging biomarkers. To date, only a few isolated studies have used rs-fMRI or PET to study (abnormal) neurodevelopment in rodents during infancy, the critical period of neurodevelopment. Further work to explore the feasibility of performing functional imaging studies in infant rodent models is essential, as rs-fMRI and PET imaging in transgenic rodent models of NDDs are powerful techniques for studying disease pathogenesis, developing noninvasive preclinical imaging biomarkers of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and evaluating treatment-response in disease-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Millevert
- Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Vidas-Guscic
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Vanherp
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Jonckers
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Marleen Verhoye
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnology (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
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20
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Marin MA, Gleichman AJ, Wei X, Whittaker DS, Mody I, Colwell CS, Carmichael ST. Motor Activity-Induced White Matter Repair in White Matter Stroke. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8126-8139. [PMID: 37821228 PMCID: PMC10697402 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0631-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) is a progressive disorder which is demarcated by the formation of small ischemic lesions along white matter tracts in the CNS. As lesions accumulate, patients begin to experience severe motor and cognitive decline. Despite its high rate of incidence in the human population, our understanding of the cause and outcome of WMS is extremely limited. As such, viable therapies for WMS remain to be seen. This study characterizes myelin recovery following stroke and motor learning-based rehabilitation in a mouse model of subcortical WMS. Following WMS, a transient increase in differentiating oligodendrocytes occurs within the peri-infarct in young male adult mice, which is completely abolished in male aged mice. Compound action potential recording demonstrates a decrease in conduction velocity of myelinated axons at the peri-infarct. Animals were then tested on one of three distinct motor learning-based rehabilitation strategies (skilled reach, restricted access to a complex running wheel, and unrestricted access to a complex running wheel) for their capacity to induce repair. These studies determined that unrestricted access to a complex running wheel alone increases the density of differentiating oligodendrocytes in infarcted white matter in young adult male mice, which is abolished in aged male mice. Unrestricted access to a complex running wheel was also able to enhance conduction velocity of myelinated axons at the peri-infarct to a speed comparable to naive controls suggesting functional recovery. However, there was no evidence of motor rehabilitation-induced remyelination or myelin protection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT White matter stroke is a common disease with no medical therapy. A form of motor rehabilitation improves some aspects of white matter repair and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Marin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Amy J Gleichman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel S Whittaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Istvan Mody
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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21
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Yoshida K, Kato D, Sugio S, Takeda I, Wake H. Activity-dependent oligodendrocyte calcium dynamics and their changes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1154196. [PMID: 38026691 PMCID: PMC10644703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OCs) form myelin around axons, which is dependent on neuronal activity. This activity-dependent myelination plays a crucial role in training and learning. Previous studies have suggested that neuronal activity regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelination. In addition, deficient activity-dependent myelination results in impaired motor learning. However, the functional response of OC responsible for neuronal activity and their pathological changes is not fully elucidated. In this research, we aimed to understand the activity-dependent OC responses and their different properties by observing OCs using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We clarified that the Ca2+ activity in OCs is neuronal activity dependent and differentially regulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, in 5-month-old mice models of Alzheimer's disease, a period before the appearance of behavioral abnormalities, the elevated Ca2+ responses in OCs are ATP dependent, suggesting that OCs receive ATP from damaged tissue. We anticipate that our research will help in determining the correct therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases beyond the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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22
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Chaoul V, Dib EY, Bedran J, Khoury C, Shmoury O, Harb F, Soueid J. Assessing Drug Administration Techniques in Zebrafish Models of Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14898. [PMID: 37834345 PMCID: PMC10573323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, affect nearly one in six of the world's population. The burden of the resulting deaths and disability is set to rise during the next few decades as a consequence of an aging population. To address this, zebrafish have become increasingly prominent as a model for studying human neurological diseases and exploring potential therapies. Zebrafish offer numerous benefits, such as genetic homology and brain similarities, complementing traditional mammalian models and serving as a valuable tool for genetic screening and drug discovery. In this comprehensive review, we highlight various drug delivery techniques and systems employed for therapeutic interventions of neurological diseases in zebrafish, and evaluate their suitability. We also discuss the challenges encountered during this process and present potential advancements in innovative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chaoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Emanuel-Youssef Dib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Joe Bedran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Chakib Khoury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Omar Shmoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Frédéric Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat P.O. Box 100, Lebanon; (E.-Y.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (V.C.); (J.B.); (O.S.)
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23
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Fabres RB, Cardoso DS, Aragón BA, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Ikebara JM, Drobyshevsky A, Kihara AH, de Fraga LS, Netto CA, Takada SH. Consequences of oxygen deprivation on myelination and sex-dependent alterations. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103864. [PMID: 37268283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, occurring with a higher prevalence in preterm infants, reaching 20 % to 50 % mortality in newborns in the perinatal period. When they survive, 25 % exhibit neuropsychological pathologies, such as learning difficulties, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. White matter injury is one of the main features found in oxygen deprivation injury, which can lead to long-term functional impairments, including cognitive delay and motor deficits. The myelin sheath accounts for much of the white matter in the brain by surrounding axons and enabling the efficient conduction of action potentials. Mature oligodendrocytes, which synthesize and maintain myelination, also comprise a significant proportion of the brain's white matter. In recent years, oligodendrocytes and the myelination process have become potential therapeutic targets to minimize the effects of oxygen deprivation on the central nervous system. Moreover, evidence indicate that neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways activated during oxygen deprivation may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. To summarize the most recent research about the impact of sexual dimorphism on the neuroinflammatory state and white matter injury after oxygen deprivation, this review presents an overview of the oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination, the impact of oxygen deprivation and neuroinflammation on oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders, and recent reports about sexual dimorphism regarding the neuroinflammation and white matter injury after neonatal oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Pamela Pinheiro Martins
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil.
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24
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López-Muguruza E, Matute C. Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12912. [PMID: 37629092 PMCID: PMC10454078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibres essential for efficient signal transmission. However, in MS, oligodendrocytes become dysfunctional, leading to myelin damage and axonal degeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MS. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in both immune cells and oligodendrocytes within the CNS of MS patients. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to energy deficits, affecting crucial processes such as impulse transmission and axonal transport, ultimately contributing to neurodegeneration. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exacerbating myelin damage and inflammation. Altered glucose metabolism affects the energy supply required for oligodendrocyte function and myelin synthesis. Dysregulated lipid metabolism results in changes to the composition of myelin, affecting its stability and integrity. Importantly, low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in MS are associated with upregulated lipid metabolism and enhanced glucose catabolism. Understanding the intricate relationship between these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to preserve myelin and promote neurological recovery in individuals with MS. Addressing these metabolic aspects may offer new insights into potential therapeutic strategies to halt disease progression and improve the quality of life for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneritz López-Muguruza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Spatio-temporal dynamics enhance cellular diversity, neuronal function and further maturation of human cerebral organoids. Commun Biol 2023; 6:173. [PMID: 36788328 PMCID: PMC9926461 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioengineerined and whole matured human brain organoids stand as highly valuable three-dimensional in vitro brain-mimetic models to recapitulate in vivo brain development, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Various instructive signals affecting multiple biological processes including morphogenesis, developmental stages, cell fate transitions, cell migration, stem cell function and immune responses have been employed for generation of physiologically functional cerebral organoids. However, the current approaches for maturation require improvement for highly harvestable and functional cerebral organoids with reduced batch-to-batch variabilities. Here, we demonstrate two different engineering approaches, the rotating cell culture system (RCCS) microgravity bioreactor and a newly designed microfluidic platform (µ-platform) to improve harvestability, reproducibility and the survival of high-quality cerebral organoids and compare with those of traditional spinner and shaker systems. RCCS and µ-platform organoids have reached ideal sizes, approximately 95% harvestability, prolonged culture time with Ki-67 + /CD31 + /β-catenin+ proliferative, adhesive and endothelial-like cells and exhibited enriched cellular diversity (abundant neural/glial/ endothelial cell population), structural brain morphogenesis, further functional neuronal identities (glutamate secreting glutamatergic, GABAergic and hippocampal neurons) and synaptogenesis (presynaptic-postsynaptic interaction) during whole human brain development. Both organoids expressed CD11b + /IBA1 + microglia and MBP + /OLIG2 + oligodendrocytes at high levels as of day 60. RCCS and µ-platform organoids showing high levels of physiological fidelity a high level of physiological fidelity can serve as functional preclinical models to test new therapeutic regimens for neurological diseases and benefit from multiplexing.
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26
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Freitag K, Eede P, Ivanov A, Sterczyk N, Schneeberger S, Borodina T, Sauer S, Beule D, Heppner FL. Diverse but unique astrocytic phenotypes during embryonic stem cell differentiation, culturing and development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:40. [PMID: 36639529 PMCID: PMC9839673 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are resident glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that play complex and heterogeneous roles in brain development, homeostasis and disease. Since their vast involvement in health and disease is becoming increasingly recognized, suitable and reliable tools for studying these cells in vivo and in vitro are of utmost importance. One of the key challenges hereby is to adequately mimic their context-dependent in vivo phenotypes and functions in vitro. To better understand the spectrum of astrocytic variations in defined settings we performed a side-by-side-comparison of murine embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived astrocytes as well as primary neonatal and adult astrocytes, revealing major differences on a functional and transcriptomic level, specifically on proliferation, migration, calcium signaling and cilium activity. Our results highlight the need to carefully consider the choice of astrocyte origin and phenotype with respect to age, isolation and culture protocols based on the respective biological question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Freitag
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,Present Address: Apollo Health Ventures, Schlüterstr. 36, 10629 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nele Sterczyk
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirin Schneeberger
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.517316.7Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany ,Present Address: Apollo Health Ventures, Schlüterstr. 36, 10629 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana Borodina
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Scientific Genomics Platforms, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Scientific Genomics Platforms, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank L. Heppner
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany ,grid.517316.7Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Arzate DM, Valencia C, Dimas MA, Antonio-Cabrera E, Domínguez-Salazar E, Guerrero-Flores G, Gutiérrez-Mariscal M, Covarrubias L. Dll1 haploinsufficiency causes brain abnormalities with functional relevance. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951418. [PMID: 36590296 PMCID: PMC9794864 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Notch pathway is fundamental for the generation of neurons during development. We previously reported that adult mice heterozygous for the null allele of the gene encoding the Delta-like ligand 1 for Notch (Dll1lacZ ) have a reduced neuronal density in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether this alteration extends to other brain structures and the behavioral consequences of affected subjects. Methods Brains of Dll1 +/lacZ embryos and mice at different ages were phenotypically compared against their wild type (WT) counterpart. Afterwards, brain histological analyses were performed followed by determinations of neural cell markers in tissue slices. Neurological deficits were diagnosed by applying different behavioral tests to Dll1 +/lacZ and WT mice. Results Brain weight and size of Dll1 +/lacZ mice was significantly decreased compared with WT littermates (i.e., microcephaly), a phenotype detected early after birth. Interestingly, enlarged ventricles (i.e., hydrocephalus) was a common characteristic of brains of Dll1 haploinsufficient mice since early ages. At the cell level, general cell density and number of neurons in several brain regions, including the cortex and hippocampus, of Dll1 +/lacZ mice were reduced as compared with those regions of WT mice. Also, fewer neural stem cells were particularly found in the adult dentate gyrus of Dll1 +/lacZ mice but not in the subventricular zone. High myelination levels detected at early postnatal ages (P7-P24) were an additional penetrant phenotype in Dll1 +/lacZ mice, observation that was consistent with premature oligodendrocyte differentiation. After applying a set of behavioral tests, mild neurological alterations were detected that caused changes in motor behaviors and a deficit in object categorization. Discussion Our observations suggest that Dll1 haploinsufficiency limits Notch signaling during brain development which, on one hand, leads to reduced brain cell density and causes microcephaly and hydrocephalus phenotypes and, on the other, alters the myelination process after birth. The severity of these defects could reach levels that affect normal brain function. Therefore, Dll1 haploinsufficiency is a risk factor that predisposes the brain to develop abnormalities with functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce-María Arzate
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Marco-Antonio Dimas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Edwards Antonio-Cabrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio Domínguez-Salazar
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gilda Guerrero-Flores
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Covarrubias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico,*Correspondence: Luis Covarrubias,
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28
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K27M in canonical and noncanonical H3 variants occurs in distinct oligodendroglial cell lineages in brain midline gliomas. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1865-1880. [PMID: 36471070 PMCID: PMC9742294 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonical (H3.1/H3.2) and noncanonical (H3.3) histone 3 K27M-mutant gliomas have unique spatiotemporal distributions, partner alterations and molecular profiles. The contribution of the cell of origin to these differences has been challenging to uncouple from the oncogenic reprogramming induced by the mutation. Here, we perform an integrated analysis of 116 tumors, including single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility, 3D chromatin architecture and epigenomic profiles, and show that K27M-mutant gliomas faithfully maintain chromatin configuration at developmental genes consistent with anatomically distinct oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). H3.3K27M thalamic gliomas map to prosomere 2-derived lineages. In turn, H3.1K27M ACVR1-mutant pontine gliomas uniformly mirror early ventral NKX6-1+/SHH-dependent brainstem OPCs, whereas H3.3K27M gliomas frequently resemble dorsal PAX3+/BMP-dependent progenitors. Our data suggest a context-specific vulnerability in H3.1K27M-mutant SHH-dependent ventral OPCs, which rely on acquisition of ACVR1 mutations to drive aberrant BMP signaling required for oncogenesis. The unifying action of K27M mutations is to restrict H3K27me3 at PRC2 landing sites, whereas other epigenetic changes are mainly contingent on the cell of origin chromatin state and cycling rate.
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29
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Fekete CD, Nishiyama A. Presentation and integration of multiple signals that modulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1041853. [PMID: 36451655 PMCID: PMC9701731 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is critical for fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Recent studies have revealed that myelin is not a static structure as previously considered but continues to be made and remodeled throughout adulthood in tune with the network requirement. Synthesis of new myelin requires turning on the switch in oligodendrocytes (OL) to initiate the myelination program that includes synthesis and transport of macromolecules needed for myelin production as well as the metabolic and other cellular functions needed to support this process. A significant amount of information is available regarding the individual intrinsic and extrinsic signals that promote OL commitment, expansion, terminal differentiation, and myelination. However, it is less clear how these signals are made available to OL lineage cells when needed, and how multiple signals are integrated to generate the correct amount of myelin that is needed in a given neural network state. Here we review the pleiotropic effects of some of the extracellular signals that affect myelination and discuss the cellular processes used by the source cells that contribute to the variation in the temporal and spatial availability of the signals, and how the recipient OL lineage cells might integrate the multiple signals presented to them in a manner dialed to the strength of the input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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30
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Wang J, Yang L, Jiang M, Zhao C, Liu X, Berry K, Waisman A, Langseth AJ, Novitch BG, Bergles DE, Nishiyama A, Lu QR. Olig2 Ablation in Immature Oligodendrocytes Does Not Enhance CNS Myelination and Remyelination. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8542-8555. [PMID: 36198499 PMCID: PMC9665935 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0237-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage transcription factor Olig2 is expressed throughout oligodendroglial development and is essential for oligodendroglial progenitor specification and differentiation. It was previously reported that deletion of Olig2 enhanced the maturation and myelination of immature OLs and accelerated the remyelination process. However, by analyzing multiple Olig2 conditional KO mouse lines (male and female), we conclude that Olig2 has the opposite effect and is required for OL maturation and remyelination. We found that deletion of Olig2 in immature OLs driven by an immature OL-expressing Plp1 promoter resulted in defects in OL maturation and myelination, and did not enhance remyelination after demyelination. Similarly, Olig2 deletion during premyelinating stages in immature OLs using Mobp or Mog promoter-driven Cre lines also did not enhance OL maturation in the CNS. Further, we found that Olig2 was not required for myelin maintenance in mature OLs but was critical for remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury. Analysis of genomic occupancy in immature and mature OLs revealed that Olig2 targets the enhancers of key myelination-related genes for OL maturation from immature OLs. Together, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, these studies indicate that Olig2 is essential for differentiation and myelination of immature OLs and myelin repair. Our findings raise fundamental questions about the previously proposed role of Olig2 in opposing OL myelination and highlight the importance of using Cre-dependent reporter(s) for lineage tracing in studying cell state progression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Identification of the regulators that promote oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination and remyelination is important for promoting myelin repair in devastating demyelinating diseases. Olig2 is expressed throughout OL lineage development. Ablation of Olig2 was reported to induce maturation, myelination, and remyelination from immature OLs. However, lineage-mapping analysis of Olig2-ablated cells was not conducted. Here, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, we observed no evidence that Olig2 ablation promotes maturation or remyelination of immature OLs. Instead, we find that Olig2 is required for immature OL maturation, myelination, and myelin repair. These data raise fundamental questions about the proposed inhibitory role of Olig2 against OL maturation and remyelination. Our findings highlight the importance of validating genetic manipulation with cell lineage tracing in studying myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Minqing Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Abraham J Langseth
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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31
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Baldassarro VA, Stanzani A, Giardino L, Calzà L, Lorenzini L. Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration: roles for the white matter. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2376-2380. [PMID: 35535874 PMCID: PMC9120696 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient strategies for neuroprotection and repair are still an unmet medical need for neurodegenerative diseases and lesions of the central nervous system. Over the last few decades, a great deal of attention has been focused on white matter as a potential therapeutic target, mainly due to the discovery of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult central nervous system, a cell type able to fully repair myelin damage, and to the development of advanced imaging techniques to visualize and measure white matter lesions. The combination of these two events has greatly increased the body of research into white matter alterations in central nervous system lesions and neurodegenerative diseases and has identified the oligodendrocyte precursor cell as a putative target for white matter lesion repair, thus indirectly contributing to neuroprotection. This review aims to discuss the potential of white matter as a therapeutic target for neuroprotection in lesions and diseases of the central nervous system. Pivot conditions are discussed, specifically multiple sclerosis as a white matter disease; spinal cord injury, the acute lesion of a central nervous system component where white matter prevails over the gray matter, and Alzheimer's disease, where the white matter was considered an ancillary component until recently. We first describe oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology and developmental myelination, and its regulation by thyroid hormones, then briefly describe white matter imaging techniques, which are providing information on white matter involvement in central nervous system lesions and degenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss pathological mechanisms which interfere with myelin repair in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna; Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna; Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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32
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Ribeiro M, Ayupe AC, Beckedorff FC, Levay K, Rodriguez S, Tsoulfas P, Lee JK, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Park KK. Retinal ganglion cell expression of cytokine enhances occupancy of NG2 cell-derived astrocytes at the nerve injury site: Implication for axon regeneration. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114147. [PMID: 35738417 PMCID: PMC10648309 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following injury in the central nervous system, a population of astrocytes occupy the lesion site, form glial bridges and facilitate axon regeneration. These astrocytes originate primarily from resident astrocytes or NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, the extent to which these cell types give rise to the lesion-filling astrocytes, and whether the astrocytes derived from different cell types contribute similarly to optic nerve regeneration remain unclear. Here we examine the distribution of astrocytes and NG2+ cells in an optic nerve crush model. We show that optic nerve astrocytes partially fill the injury site over time after a crush injury. Viral mediated expression of a growth-promoting factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes axon regeneration without altering the lesion size or the degree of lesion-filling GFAP+ cells. Strikingly, using inducible NG2CreER driver mice, we found that CNTF overexpression in RGCs increases the occupancy of NG2+ cell-derived astrocytes in the optic nerve lesion. An EdU pulse-chase experiment shows that the increase in NG2 cell-derived astrocytes is not due to an increase in cell proliferation. Lastly, we performed RNA-sequencing on the injured optic nerve and reveal that CNTF overexpression in RGCs results in significant changes in the expression of distinct genes, including those that encode chemokines, growth factor receptors, and immune cell modulators. Even though CNTF-induced axon regeneration has long been recognized, this is the first evidence of this procedure affecting glial cell fate at the optic nerve crush site. We discuss possible implication of these results for axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Ribeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ana C Ayupe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Felipe C Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Room 715, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sara Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-Dos-Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Miliaras D, Kesidou E, Boziki M, Petratos S, Grigoriadis N, Theotokis P. Developmental Cues and Molecular Drivers in Myelinogenesis: Revisiting Early Life to Re-Evaluate the Integrity of CNS Myelin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3208-3237. [PMID: 35877446 PMCID: PMC9324160 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) coordinates its communication through saltatory conduction, facilitated by myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). Despite the fact that neurogenesis from stem cell niches has caught the majority of attention in recent years, oligodendrogenesis and, more specifically, the molecular underpinnings behind OL-dependent myelinogenesis, remain largely unknown. In this comprehensive review, we determine the developmental cues and molecular drivers which regulate normal myelination both at the prenatal and postnatal periods. We have indexed the individual stages of myelinogenesis sequentially; from the initiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, including migration and proliferation, to first contact with the axon that enlists positive and negative regulators for myelination, until the ultimate maintenance of the axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Here, we highlight multiple developmental pathways that are key to successful myelin formation and define the molecular pathways that can potentially be targets for pharmacological interventions in a variety of neurological disorders that exhibit demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Dimosthenis Miliaras
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.); (D.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (M.B.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Brosolo M, Lecointre M, Laquerrière A, Janin F, Genty D, Lebon A, Lesueur C, Vivien D, Marret S, Marguet F, Gonzalez BJ. In utero alcohol exposure impairs vessel-associated positioning and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in the developing neocortex. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105791. [PMID: 35760273 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a major cause of nongenetic mental retardation and can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), the most severe manifestation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD infants present behavioral disabilities resulting from neurodevelopmental defects. Both grey and white matter lesions have been characterized and are associated with apoptotic death and/or ectopic migration profiles. In the last decade, it was shown that PAE impairs brain angiogenesis, and the radial organization of cortical microvessels is lost. Concurrently, several studies have reported that tangential migration of oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) originating from ganglionic eminences is vascular associated. Because numerous migrating oligodendrocytes enter the developing neocortex, the present study aimed to determine whether migrating OPCs interacted with radial cortical microvessels and whether alcohol-induced vascular impairments were associated with altered positioning and differentiation of cortical oligodendrocytes. Using a 3D morphometric analysis, the results revealed that in both human and mouse cortices, 15 to 40% of Olig2-positive cells were in close association with radial cortical microvessels, respectively. Despite perinatal vascular disorganization, PAE did not modify the vessel association of Olig2-positive cells but impaired their positioning between deep and superficial cortical layers. At the molecular level, PAE markedly but transiently reduced the expression of CNPase and MBP, two differentiation markers of immature and mature oligodendrocytes. In particular, PAE inverted their distribution profiles in cortical layers V and VI and reduced the thickness of the myelin sheath of efferent axons. These perinatal oligo-vascular defects were associated with motor disabilities that persisted in adults. Altogether, the present study provides the first evidence that Olig2-positive cells entering the neocortex are associated with radial microvessels. PAE disorganized the cortical microvasculature and delayed the positioning and differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Although most of these oligovascular defects occurred in perinatal life, the offspring developed long-term motor troubles. Altogether, these data suggest that alcohol-induced oligo-vascular impairments contribute to the neurodevelopmental issues described in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brosolo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Lecointre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Laquerrière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Janin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Lebon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Lesueur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - S Marret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Marguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - B J Gonzalez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France.
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Rivera AD, Azim K, Macchi V, Porzionato A, Butt AM, De Caro R. Epidermal Growth Factor Pathway in the Age-Related Decline of Oligodendrocyte Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:838007. [PMID: 35370556 PMCID: PMC8968959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.838007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are specialized glial cells that myelinate CNS axons. OLs are generated throughout life from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) via a series of tightly controlled differentiation steps. Life-long myelination is essential for learning and to replace myelin lost in age-related pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as white matter pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Notably, there is considerable myelin loss in the aging brain, which is accelerated in AD and underpins the failure of remyelination in secondary progressive MS. An important factor in age-related myelin loss is a marked decrease in the regenerative capacity of OPCs. In this review, we will contextualize recent advances in the key role of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling in regulating multiple biological pathways in oligodendroglia that are dysregulated in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Rivera
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Kasum Azim
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Arthur M. Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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36
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Poeta E, Petralla S, Babini G, Renzi B, Celauro L, Magnifico MC, Barile SN, Masotti M, De Chirico F, Massenzio F, Viggiano L, Palmieri L, Virgili M, Lasorsa FM, Monti B. Histone Acetylation Defects in Brain Precursor Cells: A Potential Pathogenic Mechanism Causing Proliferation and Differentiation Dysfunctions in Mitochondrial Aspartate-Glutamate Carrier Isoform 1 Deficiency. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:773709. [PMID: 35095421 PMCID: PMC8790092 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.773709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1) deficiency is an ultra-rare genetic disease characterized by global hypomyelination and brain atrophy, caused by mutations in the SLC25A12 gene leading to a reduction in AGC1 activity. In both neuronal precursor cells and oligodendrocytes precursor cells (NPCs and OPCs), the AGC1 determines reduced proliferation with an accelerated differentiation of OPCs, both associated with gene expression dysregulation. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression through histone acetylation plays a crucial role in the proliferation/differentiation of both NPCs and OPCs and is modulated by mitochondrial metabolism. In AGC1 deficiency models, both OPCs and NPCs show an altered expression of transcription factors involved in the proliferation/differentiation of brain precursor cells (BPCs) as well as a reduction in histone acetylation with a parallel alteration in the expression and activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, histone acetylation dysfunctions have been dissected in in vitro models of AGC1 deficiency OPCs (Oli-Neu cells) and NPCs (neurospheres), in physiological conditions and following pharmacological treatments. The inhibition of HATs by curcumin arrests the proliferation of OPCs leading to their differentiation, while the inhibition of HDACs by suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) has only a limited effect on proliferation, but it significantly stimulates the differentiation of OPCs. In NPCs, both treatments determine an alteration in the commitment toward glial cells. These data contribute to clarifying the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms regulating the proliferation/differentiation of OPCs and NPCs. This will help to identify potential targets for new therapeutic approaches that are able to increase the OPCs pool and to sustain their differentiation toward oligodendrocytes and to myelination/remyelination processes in AGC1 deficiency, as well as in other white matter neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Babini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunaldo Renzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Celauro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Magnifico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Masotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Virgili
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy,*Correspondence: Francesco Massimo Lasorsa,
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Barbara Monti,
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37
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Sherafat A, Pfeiffer F, Nishiyama A. Shaping of Regional Differences in Oligodendrocyte Dynamics by Regional Heterogeneity of the Pericellular Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:721376. [PMID: 34690700 PMCID: PMC8531270 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are glial cells that differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) to generate new myelin sheaths. While OPCs are distributed uniformly throughout the gray and white matter in the developing and adult brain, those in white matter proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes at a greater rate than those in gray matter. There is currently lack of evidence to suggest that OPCs comprise genetically and transcriptionally distinct subtypes. Rather, the emerging view is that they exist in different cell and functional states, depending on their location and age. Contrary to the normal brain, demyelinated lesions in the gray matter of multiple sclerosis brains contain more OPCs and OLs and are remyelinated more robustly than those in white matter. The differences in the dynamic behavior of OL lineage cells are likely to be influenced by their microenvironment. There are regional differences in astrocytes, microglia, the vasculature, and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We will discuss how the regional differences in these elements surrounding OPCs might shape their phenotypic variability in normal and demyelinated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Friederike Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,The Institute of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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38
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Marangon D, Caporale N, Boccazzi M, Abbracchio MP, Testa G, Lecca D. Novel in vitro Experimental Approaches to Study Myelination and Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:748849. [PMID: 34720882 PMCID: PMC8551863 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.748849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is the lipidic insulating structure enwrapping axons and allowing fast saltatory nerve conduction. In the central nervous system, myelin sheath is the result of the complex packaging of multilamellar extensions of oligodendrocyte (OL) membranes. Before reaching myelinating capabilities, OLs undergo a very precise program of differentiation and maturation that starts from OL precursor cells (OPCs). In the last 20 years, the biology of OPCs and their behavior under pathological conditions have been studied through several experimental models. When co-cultured with neurons, OPCs undergo terminal maturation and produce myelin tracts around axons, allowing to investigate myelination in response to exogenous stimuli in a very simple in vitro system. On the other hand, in vivo models more closely reproducing some of the features of human pathophysiology enabled to assess the consequences of demyelination and the molecular mechanisms of remyelination, and they are often used to validate the effect of pharmacological agents. However, they are very complex, and not suitable for large scale drug discovery screening. Recent advances in cell reprogramming, biophysics and bioengineering have allowed impressive improvements in the methodological approaches to study brain physiology and myelination. Rat and mouse OPCs can be replaced by human OPCs obtained by induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy or diseased individuals, thus offering unprecedented possibilities for personalized disease modeling and treatment. OPCs and neural cells can be also artificially assembled, using 3D-printed culture chambers and biomaterial scaffolds, which allow modeling cell-to-cell interactions in a highly controlled manner. Interestingly, scaffold stiffness can be adopted to reproduce the mechanosensory properties assumed by tissues in physiological or pathological conditions. Moreover, the recent development of iPSC-derived 3D brain cultures, called organoids, has made it possible to study key aspects of embryonic brain development, such as neuronal differentiation, maturation and network formation in temporal dynamics that are inaccessible to traditional in vitro cultures. Despite the huge potential of organoids, their application to myelination studies is still in its infancy. In this review, we shall summarize the novel most relevant experimental approaches and their implications for the identification of remyelinating agents for human diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Caporale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Boccazzi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P. Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Shin H, Kawai HD. Visual deprivation induces transient upregulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the subcortical white matter of mouse visual cortex. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:29-41. [PMID: 34286312 PMCID: PMC8273201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experience influences proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Enhanced sensorimotor experience promoted the lineage progression of OPCs and myelination in the gray matter and white matter (WM) of sensorimotor cortex. In the visual cortex, reduced experience reportedly delayed the maturation of myelination in the gray matter, but whether and how such experience alters the subcortical WM is unclear. Here we investigated if binocular enucleation from the onset of eye opening (i.e., P15) affects the cell state of OPCs in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Proliferative cells in the WM declined nearly half over 3 days from postnatal day (P) 25. A 3-day BrdU-labeling showed gradual decline in proliferation rates from P19 to P28. Binocular enucleation resulted in an increase in the cycling state of the OPCs that were proliferated from P22 to P25 but not before or after this period. This increase in proliferative OPCs was not associated with lineage progression toward differentiated oligodendrocytes. Proliferative OPCs arose mostly due to symmetric cell division but also asymmetric formation of proliferative and quiescent OPCs. By P30, almost all the proliferated cells exited the cell cycle. Maturing oligodendrocytes among the proliferated cells increased at this age, but most of them disappeared over 25 days. The cell density of the maturing oligodendrocytes was unaffected by binocular enucleation, however. These data suggest that binocular enucleation transiently elevates proliferative OPCs in the subcortical WM of V1 during a specific period of the fourth postnatal week without subsequently affecting the number of maturing oligodendrocytes several days later. Binocular enucleation increased proliferative OPCs during P22-25 in the V1 WM. Proliferative OPCs decrease in half from P25 over 3 days. P22-25 proliferated cells nearly all exited the cell cycle by P30. Some P22-25 proliferated OPCs matured over 5 days but disappeared over 25 days. Visual loss did not influence oligodendrocyte maturation or its disappearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryun Shin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Derek Kawai
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
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Chrast R, Castelo-Branco G. The dark side of the brain, myelinating glia in central and peripheral nervous systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:1-2. [PMID: 34024717 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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