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Zhu M, Shi B, Li C, Xu S. TET3 governs malignant behaviors and unfavorable prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1883-1895. [DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ten–eleven translocation 3 (TET3) participates in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation by mediating DNA demethylation and specific gene activation in malignances. This study aims to elucidate its molecular function and regulatory mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Stable ESCC cells that infected with TET3 overexpression (OE) and knockdown lentiviral vector had been established. The biological behaviors and molecular mechanism of TET3 were demonstrated by cell biology experiments in vitro and in vivo. Tissues from patients with ESCC were used to demonstrate the clinical value of TET3. Our findings revealed that TET3 is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and related to poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. OE of TET3 presented a significant effect on proliferation, metastatic potential, and spheroid formation of ESCC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin axis. Knockdown of TET3 could remarkably reverse these malignant phenotypes. Patients with ESCC with high TET3 expression resulted in a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Based on the multivariate analysis, TET3 could be an independent favorable factor for predicting OS and recurrence. The high expression of TET3 not only aggravates malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo but also becomes a novel biomarker for clinical monitoring and individualized precision treatment for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoling Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200090 , P.R. China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Shuchang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200065 , P.R. China
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Han Y, Zhao G, Shi X, Wang Y, Wen X, Zhang L, Guo X. The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Esophageal Cancer: Functions in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885075. [PMID: 35645836 PMCID: PMC9137892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of digestive tracts with poor five-year survival rate. Hence, it is very significant to further investigate the occurrence and development mechanism of esophageal cancer, find more effective biomarkers and promote early diagnosis and effective treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally defined as non-protein-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length. Existing researches have shown that lncRNAs could act as sponges, guides, scaffolds, and signal molecules to influence the oncogene or tumor suppressor expressions at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein levels in crucial cellular processes. Currently, the dysregulated lncRNAs are reported to involve in the pathogenesis and progression of EC. Importantly, targeting EC-related lncRNAs through genome editing, RNA interference and molecule drugs may be one of the most potential therapeutic methods for the future EC treatment. In this review, we summarized the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs, including oncogenic lncRNAs and tumor suppressor lncRNAs in EC. In addition, we generalized the excellent potential lncRNA candidates for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in EC. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and opportunities of lncRNAs for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- Departments of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinhang Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangqian Guo,
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Wang H, Peng D, Gan M, He Z, Kuang Y. CPEB3 overexpression caused by miR-106b-5p inhibition inhibits esophageal carcinoma in-vitro progression and metastasis. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:335-351. [PMID: 35102025 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of CPEB3 in esophageal cancer (EC) progression. The prognosis of EC patients was shown by survival analysis. CPEB3-targeting microRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics tools and further validated by dual-luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. CPEB3 expression in EC cell lines and EC tissues was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The viabilities of KYSE150 and EC9706 cells were measured by MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The migration, invasion and tube formation of KYSE150 and EC9706 cells were examined by wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assay, respectively. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [and phosphorylation (p)] and STAT3 levels (and phosphorylation) in KYSE150 and EC9706 cells were determined by western blot analysis or quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In addition, a xenograft tumor model was established through subcutaneously implanting KYSE150 and EC9706 cells transfected with Lv-CPEB3 or Lv-control viruses. CPEB3 expression was downregulated in EC cells and tissues, and its overexpression inhibited viability, migration, invasion and the expressions of N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin and VEGF, EGFR, p-EGFR and p-STAT3 levels in KYSE150 cells, but promoted E-cadherin expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-CPEB3 inversely affected these phenotypes and gene expressions in EC9706 cells. miR-106b-5p targeted CPEB3 and negatively regulated CPEB3 expression. miR-106b-5p mimics reversed the effect of CPEB3 overexpression on KYSE150 cells, and miR-106b-5p inhibitor reversed the effect of siRNA-CPEB3 on EC9706 cells. In mice, tumor volumes, weights and Ki-67 expression were lower in mice treated with Lv-CPEB3 than that with Lv-control. CPEB3 overexpressed by miR-106b-5p inhibition suppressed EC progression involved in EGFR and STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei Gan
- Intensive Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
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Associations between Lifestyle Habits, Perceived Symptoms and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients Seeking Health Check-Ups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073808. [PMID: 33917336 PMCID: PMC8038685 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases. It mainly causes the stomach contents to flow back to the esophagus, thereby stimulating the esophagus and causing discomfort. From the results of our research, we intend to provide the general public with information related to preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease and medical personnel with information on the treatment and care of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. This study aimed to investigate the association of lifestyle habits and perceived symptoms on GERD in patients who underwent routine health check-ups. This study was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional design to collect GERD cases from the medical records containing the health questionnaires and the report of endoscopic findings on the day of the health check-up. A total of 5653 patients were enrolled between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2018. About 60.2% (n = 3404) of patients with GERD were diagnosed based on endoscopic findings. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of the development of GERD. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, waist circumference, Areca catechu chewing habit, sleep disorders, otolaryngology symptoms, and hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with GERD. In this study, our results can be used as a reference for public health care and clinicians. Because most GERD cases can be controlled and prevented by lifestyle modifications, health professionals should always obtain a detailed history regarding symptoms and lifestyle habits associated with GERD.
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Abstract
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction is a recently recognized entity in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Digestive Tumors and is diagnostically challenging, particularly on small biopsies. SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 are chromatin remodeling genes with key roles in oncogenesis. We retrieved 14 cases of SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient undifferentiated carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and esophagus from the authors' institutions. The tumors showed similar histologic findings: the sheet-like proliferation of tumor cells characterized by discohesion, large nuclei, and prominent macronucleoli with many tumor cells exhibiting a rhabdoid appearance. In 8 cases, adjacent specialized intestinal metaplasia was noted and 3 cases exhibited adjacent high-grade dysplasia. Immunohistochemically, tumors variably expressed keratins and disclosed loss of expression of SMARCA4 in 12 and SMARCA2 in 7 cases. In 2 cases SMARCA2 alone was lost without SMARCA4 loss. A mutant p53 immunohistochemical pattern was seen in 4 of 4 cases, 3 of which showed diffuse, strong nuclear expression, and 1 case displayed a complete loss of nuclear expression of p53, including invasive carcinoma and associated dysplasia, when present. Limited clinical follow-up was available, but 3 patients died of disease within 0.6, 2, and 7 months of diagnosis. We present the first series of undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction with this characteristic morphology associated with loss of SMARCA4 and/or SMARCA2 expression. This tumor type likely arises from dedifferentiation of a lower grade carcinoma in some cases, and Barrett esophagus and appears to be associated with an aggressive clinical course.
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Petrick JL, Li N, Anderson LA, Bernstein L, Corley DA, El Serag HB, Hardikar S, Liao LM, Liu G, Murray LJ, Rubenstein JH, Schneider JL, Shaheen NJ, Thrift AP, van den Brandt PA, Vaughan TL, Whiteman DC, Wu AH, Zhao WK, Gammon MD, Cook MB. Diabetes in relation to Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus: A pooled study from the International Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium. Cancer 2019; 125:4210-4223. [PMID: 31490550 PMCID: PMC7001889 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is positively associated with various cancers, but its relationship with tumors of the esophagus/esophagogastric junction remains unclear. METHODS Data were harmonized across 13 studies in the International Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium, comprising 2309 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) cases, 1938 esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) cases, 1728 Barrett's esophagus (BE) cases, and 16,354 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for self-reported diabetes in association with EA, EGJA, and BE. Adjusted ORs were then combined using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Diabetes was associated with a 34% increased risk of EA (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.80; I2 = 48.8% [where 0% indicates no heterogeneity, and larger values indicate increasing heterogeneity between studies]), 27% for EGJA (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55; I2 = 0.0%), and 30% for EA/EGJA combined (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06-1.58; I2 = 34.9%). Regurgitation symptoms modified the diabetes-EA/EGJA association (P for interaction = .04) with a 63% increased risk among participants with regurgitation (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.19-2.22), but not among those without regurgitation (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.74-1.43). No consistent association was found between diabetes and BE. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was associated with increased EA and EGJA risk, which was confined to individuals with regurgitation symptoms. Lack of an association between diabetes and BE suggests that diabetes may influence progression of BE to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lesley A. Anderson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hashem B. El Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liam J. Murray
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Joel H. Rubenstein
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Barrett’s Esophagus Program, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aaron P. Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Program in Cancer Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei K. Zhao
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Li Z, Han C, Wang L, Zhu J, Yin Y, Li B. Prognostic Value of Texture Analysis Based on Pretreatment DWI-Weighted MRI for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated With Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1057. [PMID: 31681593 PMCID: PMC6811607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the research was to assess the prognostic value of three-dimensional (3D) texture features based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 82 patients with ESCC into a cohort study. Two DWI sequences (b = 0 and b = 600 s/mm2) were acquired along with axial T2WI and T1WI before CRT. Two groups of features were examined: (1) clinical and demographic features (e.g., TNM stage, age and sex) and (2) changes in spatial texture characteristics of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which characterizes gray intensity changes in tumor areas, spatial pattern and distribution, and related changes caused by CRT. Reproducible feature sets without redundancy were statistically filtered and validated. The prognostic values associated with overall survival (OS) for each parameter were studied using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Results: Both univariate and multivariate Cox model analyses showed that the energy of intensity histogram texture (IHIST_energy), radiation dose, mean of the contrast in distance 1 of 26 directions (m_contrast_1), extreme difference of the homogeneity in distance 2 of 26 directions (Diff_homogeneity_2), mean of the inverse variance in distance 2 of 26 directions (m_lnversevariance_2), high-intensity small zone emphasis (HISE), and low-intensity large zone emphasis (LILE) were significantly associated with survival. The results showed that 6 texture parameters extracted from the ADC images before treatment could distinguish among high-, medium-, and low-risk groups (log-rank χ2 = 9.7; P = 0.00773). The biased C-index value was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.708 to 0.732) based on bootstrapping validation. Conclusions: The ADC 3D texture feature can be used as a useful biomarker to predict the survival of ESCC patients undergoing CRT. Combining ADC 3D texture features with conventional prognostic factors can generate reliable survival prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Han
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
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Petrick JL, Jensen BW, Sørensen TI, Cook MB, Baker JL. Overweight Patterns Between Childhood and Early Adulthood and Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Risk. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1520-1526. [PMID: 31380608 PMCID: PMC6707875 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) are among the most rapidly increasing cancers in Western countries. Elevated BMI in adulthood is a known risk factor, but associations in early life are unclear. METHODS This study assessed weight change between childhood and early adulthood in relation to EA/GCA. Measured weights and heights during childhood (7-13 years) and early adulthood (17-26 years) were available for 64,695 young men from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and the Danish Conscription Database. Individuals were categorized as having normal weight or overweight. Linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry identified 275 EA/GCA cases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The risk of EA/GCA was 2.5 times higher in men who were first classified as having overweight at age 7 (HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.50-4.14) compared with men who were never classified as having overweight. Men who had persistent overweight at ages 7 and 13 and in early adulthood had an EA/GCA risk that was 3.2 times higher (HR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.57-6.44). However, there was little evidence of increased EA/GCA risk for men with overweight during childhood and subsequent remittance by early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Persistent overweight in early life is associated with increased EA/GCA risk, which declines if body weight is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britt Wang Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I.A. Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ma JL, Zhao Y, Guo CY, Hu HT, Zheng L, Zhao EJ, Li HL. Dietary vitamin B intake and the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5395-5410. [PMID: 30464635 PMCID: PMC6225909 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiology studies have explored the association between dietary B vitamins' intake and the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, the results remain inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate such association. METHODS Literature retrieval was performed using PubMed (Medline), ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for all studies published from database inception to December 2017. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 19 studies and showed an overall decreased risk of EC (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) in association with multivitamin B (ie, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12) dietary intake. In a subgroup analysis based on vitamin B subclass, B1, B3, B6, and B9 vitamins were associated with decreased EC risk (vitamin B1: OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.82; vitamin B3: OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.94; vitamin B6: OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.83; and vitamin B9: OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). By contrast, no association was detected between dietary vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 intake and EC risk (vitamin B2: OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.16; vitamin B5: OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.20-1.20), whereas a potential non-linear dose-response association was found between dietary vitamin B12 intake and EC risk. A statistically significant, inverse association was observed for an increase of 100 µg/day in supplemental vitamin B6 and B9 and EC risk (vitamin B6: OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99; vitamin B9: OR= 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86-0.94). CONCLUSION These findings support that vitamin B may have an influence on carcinogenesis of the esophagus. Vitamin B1, B3, B6, B9 showed a decreased risk of EC, and vitamin B12 showed an increased risk of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Ma
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
| | - Chen-Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
| | - Er-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China,
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10
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Dong Y, Yi X, Yujie Z, Huixia Z, Yan C. Relationship between the Methylation of Folic Acid Metabolism-Related Genes and the Incidence and Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer among Ethnic Kazakhs. J Cancer 2018; 9:2865-2875. [PMID: 30123355 PMCID: PMC6096358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the hypermethylation of folic acid metabolism-related genes and the incidence and prognosis of esophageal cancer among ethnic Kazakhs in Xinjiang (China). Methods: According to the standard of esophageal cancer diagnosis, exclusion and epidemiological investigation of the experimental and control groups. Ion capture immunoassays were used to measure serum folic acid levels, while methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect gene promoter methylation levels. Log-rank tests and Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors in the patient population. Results: Serum folic acid levels in the experimental (cancer) group were significantly lower than in the control (non-cancer) group (Z = -9.13, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the methylation rates of MTHFR, CBS, MGMT, P16, FHIT, and RASSF1A in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. Multivariate analysis identified depth of tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and CBS and RASSF1A gene methylation status as independent prognostic factors; female gender and high serum folic acid levels were favorable prognostic factors. Conclusions: Low serum folic acid level is a risk factor for esophageal cancer among ethic Kazakhs. Moreover, methylation of MTHFR, CBS, MGMT, P16, FHIT, and RASSF1A is closely related to esophageal cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,Tumor Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Health Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen Yujie
- Department of Health Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhang Huixia
- Department of Health Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Yan
- The Medical School of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Health Toxicology, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Gao SG, Yang JQ, Ma ZK, Yuan X, Zhao C, Wang GC, Wei H, Feng XS, Qi YJ. Preoperative serum immunoglobulin G and A antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis are potential serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 29298684 PMCID: PMC5753462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The key-stone-pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis associates not only with periodontal diseases but with a variety of other chronic diseases such as cancer. We previously reported an association between the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its progression. We now report the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum immunoglobulin G and A antibodies (IgG/A) against Porphyromonas gingivalis for ESCC. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis IgG and IgA in 96 cases with ESCC, 50 cases with esophagitis and 80 healthy controls. Results The median serum levels of IgG and IgA for P. gingivalis were significantly higher in ESCC patients than non-ESCC controls. P. gingivalis IgG and IgA in serum demonstrated sensitivities/specificities of 29.17%/96.90% and 52.10%/70.81%, respectively, and combination of IgG and IgA produced a sensitivity/specificity of 68.75%/68.46%. The diagnostic performance of serum P. gingivalis IgA for early ESCC was superior to that of IgG (54.54% vs. 20.45%). Furthermore, high serum levels of P. gingivalis IgG or IgA were associated with worse prognosis of ESCC patients, in particular for patients with stage 0-IIor negative lymphnode metastasis, and ESCC patients with high levels of both IgG and IgA had the worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node status, IgG and IgA were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The IgG and IgA for P. gingivalis are potential serum biomarkers for ESCC and combination of IgG and IgA improves the diagnostic and prognostic performance. Furthermore, serum P. gingivalis IgG and IgA can detect early stage ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3905-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-Gan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Qiang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Chao Wang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shan Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Jun Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, People's Republic of China.
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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13
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Sun X, Chandar AK, Canto MI, Thota PN, Brock M, Shaheen NJ, Beer DG, Wang JS, Falk GW, Iyer PG, Abrams JA, Venkat-Ramani M, Veigl M, Miron A, Willis J, Patil DT, Nalbantoglu I, Guda K, Markowitz SD, Zhu X, Elston R, Chak A. Genomic regions associated with susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma in African Americans: The cross BETRNet admixture study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184962. [PMID: 29073141 PMCID: PMC5657624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are far more prevalent in European Americans than in African Americans. Hypothesizing that this racial disparity in prevalence might represent a genetic susceptibility, we used an admixture mapping approach to interrogate disease association with genomic differences between European and African ancestry. Methods Formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples were identified from 54 African Americans with BE or EAC through review of surgical pathology databases at participating Barrett’s Esophagus Translational Research Network (BETRNet) institutions. DNA was extracted from normal tissue, and genotyped on the Illumina OmniQuad SNP chip. Case-only admixture mapping analysis was performed on the data from both all 54 cases and also on a subset of 28 cases with high genotyping quality. Haplotype phases were inferred with Beagle 3.3.2, and local African and European ancestries were inferred with SABER plus. Disease association was tested by estimating and testing excess European ancestry and contrasting it to excess African ancestry. Results Both datasets, the 54 cases and the 28 cases, identified two admixture regions. An association of excess European ancestry on chromosome 11p reached a 5% genome-wide significance threshold, corresponding to -log10(P) = 4.28. A second peak on chromosome 8q reached -log10(P) = 2.73. The converse analysis examining excess African ancestry found no genetic regions with significant excess African ancestry associated with BE and EAC. On average, the regions on chromosomes 8q and 11p showed excess European ancestry of 15% and 20%, respectively. Conclusions Chromosomal regions on 11p15 and 8q22-24 are associated with excess European ancestry in African Americans with BE and EAC. Because GWAS have not reported any variants in these two regions, low frequency and/or rare disease associated variants that confer susceptibility to developing BE and EAC may be driving the observed European ancestry association evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Sun
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Apoorva K. Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcia I. Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Prashanthi N. Thota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Malcom Brock
- Department of Cardiology and Thoracic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases & Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - David G. Beer
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jean S. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Falk
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United states of America
| | - Prasad G. Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Julian A. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Medha Venkat-Ramani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Martina Veigl
- Division of General Medical Sciences (Oncology), Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Joseph Willis
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Deepa T. Patil
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Ilke Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences (Oncology), Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Division of Oncology and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert Elston
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Division of General Medical Sciences (Oncology), Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Petrick JL, Kelly SP, Liao LM, Freedman ND, Graubard BI, Cook MB. Body weight trajectories and risk of oesophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas: a pooled analysis of NIH-AARP and PLCO Studies. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:951-959. [PMID: 28196067 PMCID: PMC5379141 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated body mass index (BMI, kg m-2) has been consistently associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) incidence. However, effects of adiposity over the life course in relation to EA/GCA have not been thoroughly explored. METHODS We pooled two prospective cohort studies: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, with data on 409 796 individuals (633 EA, 415 GCA). At baseline, participants reported their height and weight at ages 20 and 50 years, and current. Body mass index trajectories were determined using latent class analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Compared with individuals with a BMI<25 kg m-2 at all time points, exceeding a BMI of 25 kg m-2 at age 20 was associated with increased risks of EA (HR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.35-2.29) and GCA (HR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.16-2.25). Similarly, a BMI trajectory of overweight (⩾25-<30 kg m-2) at age 20 progressing to obesity (⩾30 kg m-2) by age 50 was associated with increased risks of EA (HR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.67-5.04) and GCA (HR=4.07, 95% CI: 2.32-7.15), compared with individuals with a normal weight (⩾18.5-<25 kg m-2) trajectory. Weight gain of ⩾20 kg between age 20 and baseline was also associated with a two times increased risk of EA (HR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.43-2.73) and more modestly with GCA (HR=1.40, 95% CI: 0.96-2.05). CONCLUSIONS Being overweight in early adulthood and weight gain later in life were each associated with increased risks of EA and GCA. This underscores the potential of weight control programs for reducing EA and GCA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott P Kelly
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Wang L, Zhu C, Ma X, Shen K, Li H, Hu Y, Guo L, Zhang J, Li P. Impact of enhanced recovery program on patients with esophageal cancer in comparison with traditional care. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:381-389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Association between selenium levels and oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160131. [PMID: 27190131 PMCID: PMC4937171 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the association between selenium and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is still conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore the relationship between selenium levels and OAC risk. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for the related articles. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from random effects models were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline and variance-weighted least squares regression analysis. Five articles involving 748 OAC cases were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggest that higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC (summary RRs=1.08, 95% CIs=0.84-1.39, I(2)=0%). Besides, no significant association was found in case-control studies (summary RRs=1.13, 95% CIs=0.84-1.52, I(2)=0%) or cohort studies (summary RRs=0.99, 95% CIs=0.55-1.78, I(2)=32.6%). A linear dose-response relationship was attested that an increase in dietary selenium intake of 10 μg/day is marginally associated with 1% increase in the risk of developing OAC (summary RRs=1.01, 95% CIs=0.99-1.03), but not statistically significant. No publication bias was found. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that a higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC. The relevant further studies are warranted.
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17
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Li YF, Yang PZ, Li HF. Functional polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene with susceptibility to esophageal, nasopharyngeal, and oral cancers. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:641-51. [PMID: 27002767 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Li
- Department of ENT, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Yang
- Department of ENT, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Linyi Women and Children's Hospital, Genetic Experiment Center, Linyi, Shandong, China
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18
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Chong VH, Telisinghe PU, Chong CF. Esophageal Cancer in Brunei Darussalam over a three Decade Period: an Epidemiologic Study of Trends and Differences between Genders and Racial Groups. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4123-6. [PMID: 25987097 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the past three decades, the incidence of SCC has been reported to be decreasing whereas esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing. This study assessed the trend of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam over a three decades period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Cancer registry was searched for esophageal cancers from 1986 to 2012. Data on age, gender, racial groups (Malays, Chinese, Indigenous and foreign nationals) and histology type were collected. The rate (ASR) and Age Specific Incidence rate (ASIR) were calculated. RESULTS The predominant tumor type was SCC which accounted for 89% of all esophageal cancer. The gender ratio was 2.25: 1 (male: female) and the mean age at diagnosis was 66.9±12.9 years, significantly younger for esophageal AC (57.2±16.0) compared to SCC (68.1±12.0, p<0.05), and among the foreign nationals (p<0.05 for trend). The proportions of SCC among all esophageal cancers in the various racial groups were: Malays (87.8%), Chinese (100%), Indigenous (100%) and foreign nationals (20%). None of the Chinese and Indigenous groups were diagnosed with esophageal AC. The overall ASR for esophageal cancer was 2.1/100,000; 2.0/100,000 for SCC with a declining trend and 0.17/100,000 for esophageal AC, without any trend observed. Among the two major racial groups; the Chinese has higher ASR (3.42/100,000) compared to the Malays (ASR 0.95/100,000). CONCLUSIONS SCC is the predominant tumor type of esophageal cancer in Brunei Darussalam and more common among the Chinese. There was a declining trend in the incidence of SCC but not for esophageal AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vui Heng Chong
- Department of Medicine, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPAS) Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam E-mail :
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Mehravar S, Banerjee B, Chatrath H, Amirsolaimani B, Patel K, Patel C, Norwood RA, Peyghambarian N, Kieu K. Label-free multi-photon imaging of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:148-57. [PMID: 26819824 PMCID: PMC4722899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic disorder where dysplastic and early cancerous changes are invisible to the naked eye and where the practice of blind biopsy is hampered by large sampling errors. Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) has emerged as an alternative solution for fast and label-free diagnostic capability for identifying the histological features with sub-micron accuracy. We developed a compact, inexpensive MPM system by using a handheld mode-locked fiber laser operating at 1560nm to study mucosal biopsies of BE. The combination of back-scattered THG, back-reflected forward THG and SHG signals generate images of cell nuclei and collagen, leading to label-free diagnosis in Barrett's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Mehravar
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bhaskar Banerjee
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hemant Chatrath
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Babak Amirsolaimani
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Charmi Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robert A Norwood
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nasser Peyghambarian
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Khanh Kieu
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona,1630 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Qu X, Biagi J, Banashkevich A, Mercer CD, Tremblay L, Mahmud A. Management and outcomes of localized esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer in older patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:e435-42. [PMID: 26715880 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients are commonly excluded from clinical trials in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (gej) cancer. High-level evidence to guide management in this group is lacking. In the present study, we compared outcomes and described tolerance for curative- and noncurative-intent treatments among patients 70 years of age and older. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients 70 years of age and older diagnosed with localized esophageal and gej cancer at our centre between 2005 and 2012. RESULTS The 74 patients identified had a median age of 77 years. Of those patients, 62% received curative-intent treatment, consisting mostly of concomitant chemoradiation therapy (n = 43, 93%). Median overall survival for patients receiving curative-intent treatment was 18.6 months [95% confidence interval (ci): 13.0 to 28.0 months], with 23% being long-term survivors (95% ci: 11.3% to 36.7%). In contrast, patients receiving noncurative-intent treatment had a median overall survival of 8.8 months (95% ci: 6.7 to 11.9 months), with none being long-term survivors (p < 0.0001). Improvement of dysphagia was seen after curative (81%) or palliative radiotherapy (78%) in symptomatic patients, and toxicities were manageable. The odds of not receiving curative treatment was higher by a factor of 8.5 among patients 80 years of age or older compared with those 70-79 years of age (95% ci: 2.5 to 28.7). CONCLUSIONS In managing older patients with esophageal and gej cancer, curative-intent treatment (compared with noncurative-intent treatment) leads to a significant survival benefit with a reasonable toxicity profile. Informed counselling of patients and their families about a curative treatment approach and efforts to increase awareness among oncology care providers are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Qu
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - J Biagi
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - A Banashkevich
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - C D Mercer
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - L Tremblay
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
| | - A Mahmud
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
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Xiong WL, Li R, Lei HK, Jiang ZY. Comparison of outcomes between minimally invasive oesophagectomy and open oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. ANZ J Surg 2015; 87:165-170. [PMID: 26477880 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE) and open oesophagectomy (OE). METHODS PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to January 2015 using keywords: esophageal cancer, MIE, OE, hybrid MIE. Randomized controlled trials or prospective studies comparing the efficacy of OE with MIE or hybrid MIE in oesophageal cancer patients were included. Sensitivity analysis and quality assessment were performed. RESULTS MIE required longer operation time (pooled standardized difference in means = 0.565; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.272, 0.858; P < 0.001) than OE, but resulted in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, lower incidence of pneumonia and vocal cord palsy (P values ≤0.026). There was no difference between MIE and OE regarding lymph node yield (pooled standardized difference in means = 0.078; 95% CI = -0.111, 0.267; P = 0.419). Length of intensive care unit stay, in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were also similar (P values ≥0.419) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Regarding certain clinical outcomes, MIE may be more beneficial than OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Xiong
- Hospital Infection Management Section, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Ke Lei
- Chongqing Cancer Research and Control Office, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
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Pei Y, Wang P, Liu H, He F, Ming L. FOXQ1 promotes esophageal cancer proliferation and metastasis by negatively modulating CDH1. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Understanding Complete Pathologic Response in Oesophageal Cancer: Implications for Management and Survival. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:518281. [PMID: 26246803 PMCID: PMC4515501 DOI: 10.1155/2015/518281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvement over recent decades, oesophageal cancer survival rates remain poor. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by oesophageal resection is mainstay of therapy for resectable oesophageal tumours. Operative morbidity and mortality associated with oesophagectomy remain high and complications arise in up to 60% of patients. Management strategies have moved towards definitive chemoradiotherapy for a number of tumour sites (head and neck, cervical, and rectal) particularly for squamous pathology. We undertook to perform a review of the current status of morbidity and mortality associated with oesophagectomy, grading systems determining pathologic response, and data from clinical trials managing patients with definitive chemoradiotherapy to inform a discussion on the topic.
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Shadfan A, Hellebust A, Richards-Kortum R, Tkaczyk T. Confocal foveated endomicroscope for the detection of esophageal carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6. [PMID: 26203363 PMCID: PMC4505691 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By mimicking the variable resolution of the human eye, a newly designed foveated endomicroscopic objective shows the potential to improve current endoscopic based techniques of identifying abnormal tissue in the esophagus and colon. The prototype miniature foveated objective is imaged with a confocal microscope to provide large field of view images combined with a high resolution central region to rapidly observe morphological structures associated with cancer development in a mouse model.
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Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, Trivers KF, Abrahamson PE, Engel LS, He K, Chow WH, Mayne ST, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, Gammon MD. Dietary intake of flavonoids and oesophageal and gastric cancer: incidence and survival in the United States of America (USA). Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1291-300. [PMID: 25668011 PMCID: PMC4385952 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds concentrated in fruits and vegetables, have experimentally demonstrated chemopreventive effects against oesophageal and gastric cancer. Few epidemiologic studies have examined flavonoid intake and incidence of these cancers, and none have considered survival. METHODS In this USA multicentre population-based study, case participants (diagnosed during 1993-1995 with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OEA, n=274), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA, n=248), oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OES, n=191), and other gastric adenocarcinoma (OGA, n=341)) and frequency-matched controls (n=662) were interviewed. Food frequency questionnaire responses were linked with USDA Flavonoid Databases and available literature for six flavonoid classes and lignans. Case participants were followed until 2000 for vital status. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were estimated, comparing highest with lowest intake quartiles, using polytomous logistic and proportional hazards regressions, respectively. RESULTS Little or no consistent association was found for total flavonoid intake (main population sources: black tea, orange/grapefruit juice, and wine) and incidence or survival for any tumour type. Intake of anthocyanidins, common in wine and fruit juice, was associated with a 57% reduction in the risk of incident OEA (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.29-0.66) and OES (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.26-0.70). The ORs for isoflavones, for which coffee was the main source, were increased for all tumours, except OES. Anthocyanidins were associated with decreased risk of mortality for GCA (HR=0.63, 95% CI=0.42-0.95) and modestly for OEA (HR=0.87, 95% CI=0.60-1.26), but CIs were wide. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, if confirmed, suggest that increased dietary anthocyanidin intake may reduce incidence and improve survival for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Petrick
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - S E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - P T Bradshaw
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K F Trivers
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - L S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - K He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - W-H Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
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Petrick JL, Li N, McClain KM, Steck SE, Gammon MD. Dietary Risk Reduction Factors for the Barrett's Esophagus-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Continuum: A Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Nutr Rep 2015; 4:47-65. [PMID: 25750765 PMCID: PMC4349493 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) incidence is among the most rapidly increasing of any cancer type in the U.S., and prognosis is poor. Prevalence of the potential precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus (BE), is also increasing. Candidates for safe and effective risk reduction strategies are needed, potentially including dietary components. In this qualitative review, we summarize recently published epidemiologic studies, in context of earlier work, on dietary intake and BE-EA outcomes. Potential cohort study/intervention trial candidates which could be increased to reduce BE-EA development include intake of: (1) fruits and vegetables; vegetables; fruit (EA only); (2) β-carotene and vitamins C and E; (3) folate (EA only); and (4) total fiber (EA only). Also, (5) red and processed meat intake could be targeted for dietary reduction/omission to reduce EA development. Few dietary constituents have been evaluated among EA patients to examine associations with mortality, thus interventions conducted among EA patients are premature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Petrick
- Department of Epidemiology, 135 Dauer Drive, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, phone: 919-966-7430, fax: 919-966-2089
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, 135 Dauer Drive, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, phone: 919-966-7430, fax: 919-966-2089
| | - Kathleen M. McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, 135 Dauer Drive, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, phone: 919-966-7430, fax: 919-966-2089
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 915 Greene Street, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; phone: 803-576-5638, fax: 803-576-5624
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, phone: 919-966-7421, 919-966-2089
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Henau K, Van Eycken E, Silversmit G, Pukkala E. Regional variation in incidence for smoking and alcohol related cancers in Belgium. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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D'Journo XB, Thomas PA. Current management of esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6 Suppl 2:S253-64. [PMID: 24868443 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Management of esophageal cancer has evolved since the two last decades. Esophagectomy remains the primary treatment for early stage esophageal cancer although its specific role in superficial cancers is still under debate since the development of endoscopic mucosal treatment. To date, there is strong evidence to consider that locally advanced cancers should be recommended for a multimodal treatment with a neoadjuvant chemotherapy or a combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. For locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma or for a part of adenocarcinoma, some centers have proposed treating with definitive CRT to avoid related-mortality of surgery. In case of persistent or recurrent disease, a salvage esophagectomy remains a possible option but this procedure is associated with higher levels of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Despite the debate over what constitutes the best surgical approach (transthoracic versus transhiatal), the current question is if a minimally procedure could reduce the periopertive morbidity and mortality without jeopardizing the oncological results of surgery. Since the last decade, minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) or hybrid operations are being done in up to 30% of procedures internationally. There are some consistent data that MIE could decrease the incidence of the respiratory complications and decrease the length of hospital-stay. Nowadays, oncologic outcomes appear equivalent between open and minimally invasive procedures but numerous phase III trials are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Benoit D'Journo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Diseases of the Esophagus, Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Alexandre Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Diseases of the Esophagus, Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
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Guan B, Hoque A, Xu X. Amiloride and guggulsterone suppression of esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:75-81. [PMID: 24999355 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in the US and Western countries and frequent gastresophageal reflux or gastresophageal reflux disease carrying gastric acid and bile acid could contribute to esophageal adenocarcinogenesis. This study was designed to detect the expression of gastric acid-inducing gene Na + /H + exchanger-1 (NHE-1) ex vivo and then to explore targeting of NHE-1 expression or activity to control esophageal cancer cell viability in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. The data showed that NHE-1 was highly expressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues (66 of 101 cases [65.3%], but not in normal esophageal squamous cell epithelium (1 of 26 cases [3.8%]). Knockdown of NHE-1 expression using NHE-1 shRNA or inhibition of NHE-1 activity using the NHE-1 inhibitor amiloride suppressed viability and induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. Molecularly, amiloride inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 but not NHE-1 mRNA in esophageal cancer cells. A combination of amiloride and guggulsterone (a natural bile acid receptor inhibitor) showed more than additive effects in suppressing esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. This study suggests that inhibition of NHE-1 expression or activity or combination of amiloride and guggulsterone could be useful in control of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Guan
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Unit 1360, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Ashraful Hoque
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Unit 1360, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Unit 1360, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX77030, USA ; Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77225, USA
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Tang WR, Fang JY, Wu KS, Shi XJ, Luo JY, Lin K. Epidemiological characteristics and prediction of esophageal cancer mortality in China from 1991 to 2012. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6929-34. [PMID: 25169548 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the mortality distribution of esophageal cancer in China from 1991 to 2012, to forecast the mortality in the future five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mortality data for esophageal cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, sex and age differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the next five years in the future. RESULTS In China, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer from 2007 and the mortality rate of esophageal cancer from 2008 increased yearly, with males at 8.72/105 being higher than females, and the countryside at 15.5/105 being higher than in the city. The mortality rate increased from age 45. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from southern to eastern China, and from northeast to central China. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of esophageal cancer are rising. The regional disease control for esophageal cancer should be focused on eastern, central and northern regions China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men more than 45 years old. The mortality of esophageal cancer will rise in the next five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China E-mail :
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Ghazarian AA, Murphy MA, Khan MR, Saksvig BI, Altekruse SF. Area-level attributes and esophageal adenocarcinoma in surveillance, epidemiology and end results registries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81613. [PMID: 24244745 PMCID: PMC3823611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the associations between area-level socioeconomic attributes and stage of esophageal adenocarcinoma diagnoses in 16 SEER cancer registries during 2000-2007. Methods Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models to assess the relationship between distant-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma and individual, census tract, and county-level attributes. Results Among cases with data on birthplace, no significant association was seen between reported birth within versus outside the United States and distant-stage cancer (adjusted OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.85-1.22). Living in an area with a higher percentage of residents born outside the United States than the national average was associated with distant-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma; census tract level: >11.8%, (OR=1.10, 95% CI:1.01–1.19), county level: >11.8%, (OR=1.14, 95% CI:1.05-1.24). No association was observed between median household income and distant-stage cancer at either census tract or county levels. Conclusion The finding of greater odds of distant-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma among cases residing in SEER areas with higher proportion of non-U.S. Natives suggests local areas where esophageal cancer control efforts might be focused. Missing data at the individual level was a limitation of the present study. Furthermore, inconsistent associations with foreign birth at individual- versus area-levels cautions against using area-level attributes as proxies for case attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen A. Ghazarian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan A. Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brit I. Saksvig
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean F. Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Carr JS, Zafar SF, Saba N, Khuri FR, El-Rayes BF. Risk factors for rising incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2013; 44:143-51. [PMID: 23435833 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last 30 years, the incidence of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma has steadily increased. The increase in incidence is approximately seven-fold, which is a more substantial increase than that of several malignancies, including melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. DISCUSSION The rising incidence has led to a steady increase in mortality from 2 to 15 deaths per 100,000 in the last three decades. The etiologic factors involved in the development of these malignancies include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, acid-suppressive medication use, obesity, and tobacco use. This article discusses the contribution of these etiologic risk factors to this increase in incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn S Carr
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 300322, USA
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Pouw RE, Bergman JJGHM. Radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's esophagus, for whom and by whom? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1256-8. [PMID: 23811256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roos E Pouw
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Kim JJ. Upper gastrointestinal cancer and reflux disease. J Gastric Cancer 2013; 13:79-85. [PMID: 23844321 PMCID: PMC3705136 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2013.13.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that gastroesophageal reflux disease is related to several upper gastrointestinal cancers, mainly the esophageal adenocarcinoma and a certain type of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Currently, the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is rapidly increasing in Korea. Therefore, there is a possibility of such increasing cancerous incidents, similar to the western worlds. In this article, the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and several upper gastrointestinal cancers, the components of refluxate which has possible causal relationship with carcinogenesis, and the clinical implications of such relationship in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients are discussed through the review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jo Kim
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Esophageal cancer in Canada: trends according to morphology and anatomical location. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2013; 26:723-7. [PMID: 23061066 DOI: 10.1155/2012/649108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma has one of the fastest rising incidence rates and one of the lowest survival rates of any cancer type in the Western world. However, in many countries, trends in esophageal cancer differ according to tumour morphology and anatomical location. In Canada, incidence and survival trends for esophageal cancer subtypes are poorly known. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System and the Canadian Vital Statistics Death databases for the period from 1986 to 2006. Observed trends (annual per cent change) and five-year relative survival ratios were estimated separately for esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and according to location (upper, middle, or lower one-third of the esophagus). Incidence rates were projected up to the year 2026. RESULTS Annual age-standardized incidence rates for esophageal cancer in 2004 to 2006 were 6.1 and 1.7 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rose by 3.9% (males) and 3.6% (females) per year for the period 1986 to 2006, with the steepest increase in the lower one-third of the esophagus (4.8% and 5.0% per year among males and females, respectively). In contrast, squamous cell carcinoma incidence declined by 3.3% (males) and 3.2% (females) per year since the early 1990s. The five-year relative survival ratio for esophageal cancer was 13% between 2004 and 2006, approximately a 3% increase since the period from 1992 to 1994. Projected incidence rates showed increases of 40% to 50% for esophageal adenocarcinoma and decreases of 30% for squamous cell carcinoma by 2026. DISCUSSION Although esophageal cancer is rare in Canada, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has doubled in the past 20 years, which may reflect the increasing prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Declines in squamous cell carcinoma may be the result of the decreases in the prevalence of smoking in Canada. Given the low survival rates and the potential for further increases in incidence, esophageal adenocarcinoma warrants close attention.
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Davis VW, Schiller DE, Eurich D, Sawyer MB. Urinary metabolomic signature of esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:271. [PMID: 23241138 PMCID: PMC3579706 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) often presents at a late, incurable stage, and mortality has increased substantially, due to an increase in incidence of EAC arising out of Barrett’s esophagus. When diagnosed early, however, the combination of surgery and adjuvant therapies is associated with high cure rates. Metabolomics provides a means for non- invasive screening of early tumor-associated perturbations in cellular metabolism. Methods Urine samples from patients with esophageal carcinoma (n = 44), Barrett’s esophagus (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 75) were examined using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Targeted profiling of spectra using Chenomx software permitted quantification of 66 distinct metabolites. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis OPLS-DA) multivariate pattern recognition techniques were applied to discriminate between samples using SIMCA-P+ software. Model specificity was also confirmed through comparison with a pancreatic cancer cohort (n = 32). Results Clear distinctions between esophageal cancer, Barrett’s esophagus and healthy controls were noted when OPLS-DA was applied. Model validity was confirmed using two established methods of internal validation, cross-validation and response permutation. Sensitivity and specificity of the multivariate OPLS-DA models were summarized using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and revealed excellent predictive power (area under the curve = 0.9810 and 0.9627 for esophageal cancer and Barrett’s esophagus, respectively). The metabolite expression profiles of esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer were also clearly distinguishable with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) = 0.8954. Conclusions Urinary metabolomics identified discrete metabolic signatures that clearly distinguished both Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer from controls. The metabolite expression profile of esophageal cancer was also discrete from its precursor lesion, Barrett’s esophagus. The cancer-specific nature of this profile was confirmed through comparison with pancreatic cancer. These preliminary results suggest that urinary metabolomics may have a future potential role in non-invasive screening in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa W Davis
- Department of Surgery, 2D2,01 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, University of Alberta, 8440 112th Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
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Lai SW, Liao KF, Lai HC, Muo CH, Sung FC. Atorvastatin correlates with decreased risk of esophageal cancer: a population-based case-control study from Taiwan. Libyan J Med 2012; 7:LJM-7-18830. [PMID: 22891079 PMCID: PMC3417052 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.18830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the association between the use of statins and esophageal cancer in Taiwan. METHODS We designed a case-control study using database from the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. In all, 549 patients (cases) aged 20 years or older diagnosed recently with esophageal cancer, from 2000 to 2009, and 2,196 subjects (controls) without esophageal cancer participated in this study. The association between esophageal cancer and the use of statins and other co-morbidities was measured. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, multivariate logistic regression showed that patients with a cumulative duration of ≥ 12 months of using atorvastatin might have a reduced risk of esophageal cancer, compared with those who did not use statins (odds ratio [OR] 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.56). The other statins could not show a significant association with esophageal cancer. Age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01), alcoholism (OR 3.83, 95% CI 3.01-4.89), and esophageal diseases (OR 4.60, 95% CI 3.46-6.12) were independent factors significantly associated with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Use of atorvastatin ≥ 12 months may correlate with an 86% reduction of esophageal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zapaterini JR, de Moura NA, Ribeiro DA, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Effects of cigarette smoke and ethanol intake on mouse oesophageal mucosa changes induced by dietary zinc deficiency and deoxycholic acid supplementation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:92-8. [PMID: 22380924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The noxious effects of dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) and deoxycholic bile acid (DCA) supplementation in the oesophagus were investigated. The additional influence of cigarette smoke and ethanol intake on the changes in the oesophageal mucosa induced by dietary ZD plus DCA was also assessed. Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into four groups: Group 1 was fed control diet and groups 2-4 were fed ZD plus DCA diet. After 5 weeks, groups 3 and 4 were exposed to 10% ethanol intake or cigarette smoke for 15 weeks, respectively. All animals were euthanized at the end of week 20, and the oesophagus, lung, liver and colon were collected and analysed by conventional morphology. Cell proliferation was assessed in the oesophageal mucosa by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein by Western blotting. Dietary ZD plus DCA treatment induced mild hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia, increased cell proliferation index and COX-2 protein expression in the oesophagus, and intranuclear inclusion, karyocytomegaly and microvesicular fatty change in the liver. Cigarette smoke increased COX-2 protein expression in oesophageal mucosa and irregular enlargement of alveolus and alveolar ductal air spaces, while ethanol enhanced liver damage induced by ZD plus DCA diet. These findings indicate that dietary ZD plus DCA treatment during 20 weeks induces a pattern of chemical oesophageal injury but not Barrett's-like lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R Zapaterini
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Roesly HB, Khan MR, Chen HDR, Hill KA, Narendran N, Watts GS, Chen X, Dvorak K. The decreased expression of Beclin-1 correlates with progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma: the role of deoxycholic acid. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G864-72. [PMID: 22301112 PMCID: PMC3355563 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Beclin-1 has a central role in the regulation of autophagy. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with a significantly increased risk for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In the current study, we evaluated the role of Beclin-1 and autophagy in the EAC. Biopsies obtained from patients with BE and EAC, tissues from a rat model of BE and EAC, and esophageal cell lines were evaluated for the expression of Beclin-1 by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, or RT-PCR. Since reflux of bile acids is important in EAC, we also evaluated the effect of exposure to deoxycholic acid (DCA) on autophagy and Beclin-1 expression. Beclin-1 expression was high in squamous epithelium and nondysplastic BE, whereas its expression was low in dysplastic BE and EAC. The same pattern of expression was observed in rat tissues and in esophageal cell lines. Normal esophageal epithelium and HET-1A cells (derived from normal squamous epithelium) show high levels of Beclin-1, but lower levels of Beclin-1 were found in BE and EAC cell lines (CP-A, CP-C, and OE33). Acute exposure to DCA led to increased Beclin-1 expression and increased autophagy as evaluated by electron microscopy and counting percentage of GFP-LC3-positive BE cells with punctate pattern. In contrast, chronic exposure to DCA did not result in the alteration of Beclin-1 levels or autophagy. In summary, these data suggest that autophagy is initially activated in response to bile acids, but chronic exposure to bile acids leads to decreased Beclin-1 expression and autophagy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George S. Watts
- 2Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- 3Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katerina Dvorak
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and ,2Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
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Jing C, Huang Z, Duan Y, Xiao X, Zhang R, Jiang J. Folate intake, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms in Association with the Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:647-51. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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NRF2 mutation confers malignant potential and resistance to chemoradiation therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cancer. Neoplasia 2012; 13:864-73. [PMID: 21969819 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cancer (ESC) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) has improved the clinical outcome, but the molecular background determining the effectiveness of therapy remains unknown. NRF2 is a master transcriptional regulator of stress adaptation, and gain of-function mutation of NRF2 in cancer confers resistance to stressors including anticancer therapy. Direct resequencing analysis revealed that Nrf2 gain-of-function mutation occurred recurrently (18/82, 22%) in advanced ESC tumors and ESC cell lines (3/10). The presence of Nrf2 mutation was associated with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. Short hairpin RNA-mediated down-regulation of NRF2 in ESC cells that harbor only mutated Nrf2 allele revealed that themutant NRF2 conferred increased cell proliferation, attachment-independent survival, and resistance to 5-fluorouracil and γ-irradiation. Based on the Nrf2 mutation status, gene expression signatures associated with NRF2 mutation were extracted from ESC cell lines, and their potential utility for monitoring and prognosis was examined in a cohort of 33 pre-CRT cases of ESC. The molecular signatures of NRF2 mutation were significantly predictive and prognostic for CRT response. In conclusion, recurrent NRF2 mutation confers malignant potential and resistance to therapy in advanced ESC, resulting in a poorer outcome. Molecular signatures of NRF2 mutation can be applied as predictive markers of response to CRT, and efficient inhibition of aberrant NRF2 activation could be a promising approach in combination with CRT.
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Reply to Letter to the Editor: Re: Comparison of COX-2, Ki-67, and BCL-2 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, Barrett’s esophagus, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies (Online First). Surg Endosc 2012; 26:291-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Epidemiology of Esophageal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Updates Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-2330-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Preoperative Work-up: PET and PET-CT. Updates Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-2330-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lin B, Urayama S, Saroufeem RMG, Matthews DL, Demos SG. Establishment of rules for interpreting ultraviolet autofluorescence microscopy images for noninvasive detection of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:016013. [PMID: 22352663 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.016013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic potential of autofluorescence (AF) microscopy under ultraviolet (UV) excitation is explored using ex vivo human specimens. The aim is to establish optical patterns (the rules for interpretation) that correspond to normal and abnormal histologies of the esophagus, spanning from early benign modifications (Barrett's esophagus) to subsequent dysplastic change and progression toward carcinoma. This was achieved by developing an image library categorized by disease progression. We considered morphological changes of disease as they are compared with histological diagnosis of the pathological specimen, as well as control samples of normal esophagus, proximal stomach, and small intestine tissue. Our experimental results indicate that UV AF microscopy could provide real-time histological information for visualizing changes in tissue microstructure that are currently undetectable using conventional endoscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Lin
- University of California, Davis, NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, 4800 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Chak A, Chen Y, Vengoechea J, Canto MI, Elston R, Falk GW, Grady WM, Guda K, Kinnard M, Markowitz S, Mittal S, Prasad G, Shaheen N, Willis JE, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Variation in age at cancer diagnosis in familial versus nonfamilial Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:376-83. [PMID: 22178570 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic influences may be discerned in families that have multiple affected members and may manifest as an earlier age of cancer diagnosis. In this study, we determine whether cancers develop at an earlier age in multiplex Familial Barrett's Esophagus (FBE) kindreds, defined by 3 or more members affected by Barrett's esophagus (BE) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS Information on BE/EAC risk factors and family history was collected from probands at eight tertiary care academic hospitals. Age of cancer diagnosis and other risk factors were compared between nonfamilial (no affected relatives), duplex (two affected relatives), and multiplex (three or more affected relatives) FBE kindreds. RESULTS The study included 830 nonfamilial, 274 duplex, and 41 multiplex FBE kindreds with 274, 133, and 43 EAC and 566, 288, and 103 BE cases, respectively. Multivariable mixed models adjusting for familial correlations showed that multiplex kindreds were associated with a younger age of cancer diagnosis (P = 0.0186). Median age of cancer diagnosis was significantly younger in multiplex compared with duplex and nonfamilial kindreds (57 vs. 62 vs. 63 years, respectively, P = 0.0448). Mean body mass index was significantly lower in multiplex kindreds (P = 0.0033), as was smoking (P < 0.0001), and reported regurgitation (P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS Members of multiplex FBE kindreds develop EAC at an earlier age compared with nonfamilial EAC cases. Multiplex kindreds do not have a higher proportion of common risk factors for EAC, suggesting that this aggregation might be related to a genetic factor. IMPACT These findings indicate that efforts to identify susceptibility genes for BE and EAC will need to focus on multiplex kindreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer, although considered uncommon in the United States, continues to exhibit increased incidence. Esophageal cancer now ranks seventh among cancers in mortality for men in the United States. Even as treatment continues to advance, the mortality rate remains high, with a 5-year survival rate less than 35%. Esophageal cancer typically is discovered in advanced stages, which reduces the treatment options. When disease is locally advanced, esophagectomy remains the standard for treatment. Surgery remains challenging and complicated. Multiple surgical approaches are available, with the choice determined by tumor location and stage of disease. Recovery is often fraught with complications-both physical and emotional. Nursing care revolves around complex care managing multiple body systems and providing effective education and emotional support for both patients and patients' families. Even after recovery, local recurrence and distant metastases are common. Early diagnosis, surgical advancement, and improvements in postoperative care continue to improve outcomes.
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Takala H, Kauppila JH, Soini Y, Selander KS, Vuopala KS, Lehenkari PP, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ. Toll-like receptor 9 is a novel biomarker for esophageal squamous cell dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma progression. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:631-8. [PMID: 21876325 DOI: 10.1159/000329115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been linked to invasion in various cancer cells in vitro. We investigated TLR9 expression in normal, dysplastic and malignant esophageal squamous epithelium. METHODS TLR9 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 46 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, including 12 cases with adjacent squamous dysplasia and 24 cases with normal esophageal epithelium. TLR9 expression was compared with tumor grade, stage, proliferation, apoptosis and vascular density. RESULTS In normal esophageal squamous epithelium, TLR9 staining intensity decreased linearly from the basal layers to the superficial layers (p < 0.001). Strong TLR9 expression was detected across full thickness of high-grade dysplasia, the intensity clearly differing from the normal squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001). All squamous cell carcinomas exhibited TLR9 expression that was positively associated with a high grade (p < 0.05), the presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.05) and previously undetected distant metastases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expression of TLR9 in the basal parts of normal esophageal epithelium suggests a role related to cell proliferation and differentation. TLR9 upregulation detected in dysplastic epithelium and in disseminated carcinomas indicates that this protein may serve as a novel marker for esophageal squamous dysplasia and carcinoma with metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Takala
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Wiseman EF, Ang YS. Risk factors for neoplastic progression in Barrett’s esophagus. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3672-83. [PMID: 21990948 PMCID: PMC3181452 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i32.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) confers a significant increased risk for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), with the pathogenesis appearing to progress through a “metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma” (MDC) sequence. Many of the genetic insults driving this MDC sequence have recently been characterized, providing targets for candidate biomarkers with potential clinical utility to stratify risk in individual patients. Many clinical risk factors have been investigated, and associations with a variety of genetic, specific gastrointestinal and other modifiable factors have been proposed in the literature. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in neoplastic progression of BE to EAC and critically appraises the relative roles and contributions of these putative risk factors from the published evidence currently available.
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