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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chow
- Department of Medicine, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong
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Zhao H, Shen J, Djukovic D, Daniel-MacDougall C, Gu H, Wu X, Chow WH. Metabolomics-identified metabolites associated with body mass index and prospective weight gain among Mexican American women. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:309-317. [PMID: 27708848 PMCID: PMC5043515 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking metabolic profiles and weight gain are largely unknown. Methods Here, we used semi‐targeted metabolomics to assay 156 metabolites selected from 25 key metabolic pathways in plasma samples from 300 non‐smoking healthy women identified from Mano‐A‐Mano, the Mexican American Cohort study. The study subjects were randomly divided into two cohorts: training (N = 200) and testing (N = 100) cohorts. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) at baseline on metabolite levels and the effects of metabolites on significant weight gain during a 5‐year follow‐up. Results At baseline, we observed 7 metabolites significantly associated with BMI in both training and testing cohorts. They were Methyl succinate, Asparagine, Urate, Kynurenic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Serine. In further analysis, we identified 6 metabolites whose levels at baseline predicted significant weight gain during 5‐year follow‐up in both cohorts. They were Acetylcholine, Leucine, Hippuric acid, Acetylglycine, Urate, and Xanthine. Conclusions The findings establish the baseline metabolic profiles for BMI, and suggest new metabolic targets for researchers attempting to understand the molecular mechanisms of weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - J Shen
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - D Djukovic
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - C Daniel-MacDougall
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - H Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - X Wu
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - W-H Chow
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
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Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, Trivers KF, Abrahamson PE, Engel LS, He K, Chow WH, Mayne ST, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, Gammon MD. Dietary intake of flavonoids and oesophageal and gastric cancer: incidence and survival in the United States of America (USA). Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1291-300. [PMID: 25668011 PMCID: PMC4385952 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds concentrated in fruits and vegetables, have experimentally demonstrated chemopreventive effects against oesophageal and gastric cancer. Few epidemiologic studies have examined flavonoid intake and incidence of these cancers, and none have considered survival. METHODS In this USA multicentre population-based study, case participants (diagnosed during 1993-1995 with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OEA, n=274), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA, n=248), oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OES, n=191), and other gastric adenocarcinoma (OGA, n=341)) and frequency-matched controls (n=662) were interviewed. Food frequency questionnaire responses were linked with USDA Flavonoid Databases and available literature for six flavonoid classes and lignans. Case participants were followed until 2000 for vital status. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were estimated, comparing highest with lowest intake quartiles, using polytomous logistic and proportional hazards regressions, respectively. RESULTS Little or no consistent association was found for total flavonoid intake (main population sources: black tea, orange/grapefruit juice, and wine) and incidence or survival for any tumour type. Intake of anthocyanidins, common in wine and fruit juice, was associated with a 57% reduction in the risk of incident OEA (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.29-0.66) and OES (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.26-0.70). The ORs for isoflavones, for which coffee was the main source, were increased for all tumours, except OES. Anthocyanidins were associated with decreased risk of mortality for GCA (HR=0.63, 95% CI=0.42-0.95) and modestly for OEA (HR=0.87, 95% CI=0.60-1.26), but CIs were wide. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, if confirmed, suggest that increased dietary anthocyanidin intake may reduce incidence and improve survival for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Petrick
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - S E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - P T Bradshaw
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K F Trivers
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - L S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - K He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - W-H Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, CB 7435, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
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Vogtmann E, Li HL, Shu XO, Chow WH, Ji BT, Cai H, Gao J, Zhang W, Gao YT, Zheng W, Xiang YB. Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrates on the risk of primary liver cancer among Chinese women and men. Ann Oncol 2012; 24:238-44. [PMID: 22898034 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) typically have a positive relationship with obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors for liver cancer. However, studies on their association with liver cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we assessed the association of GI, GL, and carbohydrates with liver cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 72 966 women and 60 207 men from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) were included for analysis. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were used to calculate daily dietary GI, GL, and carbohydrate intake. These values were energy adjusted and categorized into quintiles. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS After a median follow-up time of 11.2 years for the SWHS and 5.3 years for the SMHS, 139 and 208 incident liver cancer cases were identified in the SWHS and SMHS, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models, no statistically significant trends by quintile of GI, GL, or carbohydrate intake were observed. Stratification by chronic liver disease/hepatitis, diabetes, or body mass index (BMI) did not alter the findings. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence that dietary GI, GL, or carbohydrates affect the incidence of liver cancer in this Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vogtmann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Moore LE, Jaeger E, Nickerson ML, Brennan P, De Vries S, Roy R, Toro J, Li H, Karami S, Lenz P, Zaridze D, Janout V, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Linehan WM, Merino M, Simko J, Pfeiffer R, Boffetta P, Hewitt S, Rothman N, Chow WH, Waldman FM. Genomic copy number alterations in clear cell renal carcinoma: associations with case characteristics and mechanisms of VHL gene inactivation. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e14. [PMID: 23552698 PMCID: PMC3412648 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization was used to identify copy number alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patient tumors to identify associations with patient/clinical characteristics. Of 763 ccRCC patients, 412 (54%) provided frozen biopsies. Clones were analyzed for significant copy number differences, adjusting for multiple comparisons and covariates in multivariate analyses. Frequent alterations included losses on: 3p (92.2%), 14q (46.8%), 8p (38.1%), 4q (35.4%), 9p (32.3%), 9q (31.8%), 6q (30.8%), 3q (29.4%), 10q (25.7%), 13q (24.5%), 1p (23.5%) and gains on 5q (60.2%), 7q (39.6%), 7p (30.6%), 5p (26.5%), 20q (25.5%), 12q (24.8%), 12p (22.8%). Stage and grade were associated with 1p, 9p, 9q, 13q and 14q loss and 12q gain. Males had more alterations compared with females, independent of stage and grade. Significant differences in the number/types of alterations were observed by family cancer history, age at diagnosis and smoking status. Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation was associated with 3p loss (P<E-05), and these cases had fewer alterations than wild-type cases. The fragile site flanking the FHIT locus (3p14.2) represented a unique breakpoint among VHL hypermethylated cases, compared with wild-type cases and those with sequence changes. This is the first study of its size to investigate copy number alterations among cases with extensive patient, clinical/risk factor information. Patients characterized by VHL wild-type gene status (vs sequence alterations) and male (vs female) cases had more copy number alterations regardless of diagnostic stage and grade, which could relate to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hofmann JN, Baccarelli A, Schwartz K, Davis FG, Ruterbusch JJ, Hoxha M, McCarthy BJ, Savage SA, Wacholder S, Rothman N, Graubard BI, Colt JS, Chow WH, Purdue MP. Risk of renal cell carcinoma in relation to blood telomere length in a population-based case-control study. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1772-5. [PMID: 22033273 PMCID: PMC3242602 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few known risk factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two small hospital-based case–control studies suggested an association between short blood telomere length (TL) and increased RCC risk. Methods: We conducted a large population-based case–control study in two metropolitan regions of the United States comparing relative TL in DNA derived from peripheral blood samples from 891 RCC cases and 894 controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Results: Median TL was 0.85 for both cases and controls (P=0.40), and no differences in RCC risk by quartiles of TL were observed. Results of analyses stratified by age, sex, race, tumour stage, and time from RCC diagnosis to blood collection were similarly null. In multivariate analyses among controls, increasing age and history of hypertension were associated with shorter TL (P<0.001 and P=0.07, respectively), and African Americans had longer TL than Caucasians (P<0.001). Conclusion: These data do not support the hypothesis that blood TL is associated with RCC. This population-based case–control study is, to our knowledge, the largest investigation to date of TL and RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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Daniel CR, Schwartz KL, Colt JS, Dong LM, Ruterbusch JJ, Purdue MP, Cross AJ, Rothman N, Davis FG, Wacholder S, Graubard BI, Chow WH, Sinha R. Meat-cooking mutagens and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1096-104. [PMID: 21897389 PMCID: PMC3185955 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-temperature cooked meat contains two families of carcinogens, heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Given the kidneys' role in metabolism and urinary excretion of these compounds, we investigated meat-derived mutagens, as well as meat intake and cooking methods, in a population-based case-control study conducted in metropolitan Detroit and Chicago. METHODS Newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the renal parenchyma (renal cell carcinoma (RCC)) cases (n=1192) were frequency matched on age, sex, and race to controls (n=1175). The interviewer-administered Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) included queries for meat-cooking methods and doneness with photographic aids. Levels of meat mutagens were estimated using the DHQ in conjunction with the CHARRED database. RESULTS The risk of RCC increased with intake of barbecued meat (P(trend)=0.04) and the PAH, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, highest vs lowest quartile: 1.50 (1.14, 1.95), P(trend)=0.001). With increasing BaP intake, the risk of RCC was more than twofold in African Americans and current smokers (P(interaction)<0.05). We found no association for HCAs or overall meat intake. CONCLUSION BaP intake, a PAH in barbecued meat, was positively associated with RCC. These biologically plausible findings advocate further epidemiological investigation into dietary intake of BaP and risk of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Daniel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Turner PC, Ji BT, Shu XO, Zheng W, Chow WH, Gao YT, Hardie LJ. A biomarker survey of urinary deoxynivalenol in China: the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1220-3. [PMID: 21774617 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.584070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin found on wheat, maize and barley. In ecological surveys in China, DON and other trichothecenes have been implicated in acute poisoning episodes and linked with the incidence of esophageal cancer. In order to better understand exposure patterns, this pilot survey provided a combined measure of urinary un-metabolised or free DON (fD) and its glucuronide metabolite (DG) in a subset of 60 samples taken from the Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort, China. Samples were collected in 1997/1998 from women age 40-70 years. Urinary fD+DG combined was detected in 58/60 (96.7%) samples (mean 5.9 ng DON/mg creatinine; range nd-30.5); a similar frequency, and a mean level approximately half, of that previously observed for women in the UK. Wheat consumption was approximately 25% of that consumed by western diets; thus DON contamination of wheat may be higher in Shanghai than the UK. The de-epoxy metabolite of DON, a detoxification product observed in animals, was not detected, suggesting that humans may be particularly sensitive to DON due to a more restricted detoxification capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Turner
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, UK.
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Karami S, Boffetta P, Stewart PS, Brennan P, Zaridze D, Matveev V, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Gromiec J, Slamova A, Chow WH, Rothman N, Moore LE. Occupational exposure to dusts and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1797-803. [PMID: 21540858 PMCID: PMC3111161 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposures to dusts have generally been examined in relation to cancers of the respiratory system and have rarely been examined in relation to other cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although previous epidemiological studies, though few, have shown certain dusts, such as asbestos, to increase renal cancer risk, the potential for other occupational dust exposures to cause kidney damage and/or cancer may exist. We investigated whether asbestos, as well as 20 other occupational dust exposures, were associated with RCC risk in a large European, multi-center, hospital-based renal case-control study. METHODS General occupational histories and job-specific questionnaires were reviewed by occupational hygienists for subject-specific information. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) between RCC risk and exposures were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among participants ever exposed to dusts, significant associations were observed for glass fibres (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9), mineral wool fibres (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2-5.1), and brick dust (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4). Significant trends were also observed with exposure duration and cumulative exposure. No association between RCC risk and asbestos exposure was observed. CONCLUSION Results suggest that increased RCC risk may be associated with occupational exposure to specific types of dusts. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karami
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8121, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Abstract
Background: The effect of moderate to heavy drinking (>15 g per day) on renal cell cancer (RCC) risk is unclear. Method: The relationship between alcohol consumption and RCC was examined in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (n=49 2187, 1814 cases). Results: Compared with >0 to <5 g per day of alcohol consumption, the multivariate relative risk (95% confidence intervals) for 15 to <30 and ⩾30 g per day was, 0.75 (0.63–0.90) and 0.71 (0.59–0.85), respectively, in men and 0.67 (0.42–1.07) and 0.43 (0.22–0.84), respectively, in women. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with RCC in a dose–response manner. The inverse association may be extended to ⩾30 g per day of alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Lew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD, USA
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Szymańska K, Moore LE, Rothman N, Chow WH, Waldman F, Jaeger E, Waterboer T, Foretova L, Navratilova M, Janout V, Kollarova H, Zaridze D, Matveev V, Mates D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Holcatova I, Bencko V, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Villar S, Pawlita M, Boffetta P, Hainaut P, Brennan P. TP53, EGFR, and KRAS mutations in relation to VHL inactivation and lifestyle risk factors in renal-cell carcinoma from central and eastern Europe. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:92-8. [PMID: 20137853 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Renal-cell carcinomas (RCC) are frequent in central and eastern Europe and the reasons remain unclear. Molecular mechanisms, except for VHL, have not been much investigated. We analysed 361 RCCs (334 clear-cell carcinomas) from a multi-centre case-control study for mutations in TP53 (exons 5-9 in the whole series and exons 4 and 10 in a pilot subset of 60 tumours) and a pilot 50 tumours for mutations in EGFR (exons 18-21) or KRAS (codon 12) in relation to VHL status. TP53 mutations were detected in 4% of clear-cell cases, independently of VHL mutations. In non-clear-cell carcinomas, they were detected in 11% of VHL-wild-type tumours and in 0% of tumours with VHL functional mutations. No mutations were found in EGFR or KRAS. We conclude that mutations in TP53, KRAS, or EGFR are not major contributors to the RCC development even in the absence of VHL inactivation. The prevalence of TP53 mutations in relation to VHL status may differ between clear-cell and other renal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szymańska
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Fan KYY, Chan CWS, Cheng LC, Ko RLY, Lam YM, Jim MH, Au TWK, Ho CKL, Wang EP, Chau EMC, Chow WH. Isolated left ventricular non-compaction: an unusual indication for heart transplantation. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:378-380. [PMID: 19801696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a patient with isolated left ventricular non-compaction diagnosed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. She developed refractory congestive heart failure and subsequently underwent successful heart transplantation. This type of cardiomyopathy is thought to be caused by the arrest of normal embryogenesis of the endocardium and myocardium. The spectrum of clinical, radiological, and pathological abnormalities is discussed.
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Heck JE, Charbotel B, Moore LE, Karami S, Zaridze DG, Matveev V, Janout V, Kollárová H, Foretova L, Bencko V, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Lissowska J, Mates D, Ferro G, Chow WH, Rothman N, Stewart P, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Occupation and renal cell cancer in Central and Eastern Europe. Occup Environ Med 2009; 67:47-53. [PMID: 19737732 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.046250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central and Eastern Europe has among the highest rates of renal cell cancer worldwide. Few studies have been conducted in these areas to investigate the possible role of occupational exposures in renal cell cancer aetiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of renal cell cancer with employment in specific occupations and industries. METHODS From 1999 to 2003, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in seven areas of the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Russia. A detailed occupational history was collected from renal cell cancer cases and controls, together with information on potential confounders. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI of cancer risk were calculated for having ever been employed in selected jobs and industries, with follow-up analyses examining duration of employment. RESULTS A total of 992 histologically confirmed incident renal cell cancer cases and 1459 controls were included in the analysis. An increased risk of renal cell cancer was observed for workers in agricultural labour and animal husbandry (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93), particularly among women employed as general farm workers (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.05 to 7.13). Risk gradients for agricultural work increased with longer employment. An overall increased risk of renal cell cancer was seen among architects and engineers (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.65), and mechanical engineers (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.84). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest an association between renal cell cancer and agricultural work, particularly among female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Heck
- International Prevention Research Institute, 95 cours Lafayette, 69006 Lyon, France
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Pronk A, Coble J, Ji BT, Shu XO, Rothman N, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W, Chow WH. Occupational risk of lung cancer among lifetime non-smoking women in Shanghai, China. Occup Environ Med 2009; 66:672-8. [PMID: 19625285 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.043695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational lung carcinogens have been primarily studied in men. The aim of this study was to investigate occupational lung cancer risk in a cohort of Chinese non-smoking women. METHODS In 1996-2000, 71 067 non-smoking women who had held a job outside the home were interviewed for the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study in China. Exposure to lung carcinogens was assessed by matching occupation and industry titles from lifetime occupational histories with lists of jobs identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to have potential exposure to: (1) known (A-list); or (2) suspected (B-list) carcinogens. In addition, similar occupational titles were grouped independent of the a priori defined lists. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During follow-up through 2005, 219 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. Jobs on the A-list and B-list were held by 0.8-6.7% and 2.7-9.4% of the cohort, respectively. Overall, ever holding any job on the A-list or B-list was not associated with lung cancer incidence. Indications of excess risk were found for two subgroups: painters (A-list) and rubber workers (B-list) (RR = 2.0 and 1.7, respectively, p<or=0.1). An exploratory analysis of 35 occupational categories independent of the lists showed significantly increased risks for leather products/shoes, wood/paper products and miscellaneous production/transportation. The former two of these categories were similar to subgroups of the B-list, but broader than the specific a priori defined jobs. CONCLUSIONS Significantly elevated lung cancer risk was associated with employment in some broad occupational categories that also included jobs with potential exposure to suspected carcinogens (B-list). The results suggest that although similar exposures to those described on the B-list may play a role in this cohort of Chinese women, carcinogenic exposure may not be restricted only to the jobs on the B-list.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pronk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
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Brennan P, van der Hel O, Moore LE, Zaridze D, Matveev V, Holcatova I, Janout V, Kollarova H, Foretova L, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Rothman N, Boffetta P, Chow WH. Tobacco smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and kidney cancer risk in central and eastern Europe. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1912-5. [PMID: 19034282 PMCID: PMC2600689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a case–control study of kidney cancer in four central European countries, with 1097 incident cases and 1476 controls, we found an increased risk for self-reported hypertension and for obesity. Additional unknown risk factors are likely to be responsible for the high rates of kidney cancer in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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18
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Karami S, Boffetta P, Rothman N, Hung RJ, Stewart T, Zaridze D, Navritalova M, Mates D, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Holcatova I, Mukeria A, Gromiec J, Chanock SJ, Brennan P, Chow WH, Moore LE. Renal cell carcinoma, occupational pesticide exposure and modification by glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1567-71. [PMID: 18566013 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated associations between occupational pesticide exposure and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. To follow-up on a previous report by Buzio et al., we also considered whether this association could be modified by glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genotypes. About 1097 RCC cases and 1476 controls from Central and Eastern Europe were interviewed to collect data on lifetime occupational histories. Occupational information for jobs held for at least 12 months duration was coded for pesticide exposures and assessed for frequency and intensity of exposure. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions were analyzed using TaqMan assays. A significant increase in RCC risk was observed among subjects ever exposed to pesticides [odds ratio (OR): 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-2.55]. After stratification by genotypes, increased risk was observed among exposed subjects with at least one GSTM1 active allele (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.55-10.33) but not among exposed subjects with two GSTM1 inactive alleles compared with unexposed subjects with two inactive alleles (P-interaction: 0.04). Risk was highest among exposed subjects with both GSTM1 and GSTT1 active genotypes (OR: 6.47; 95% CI: 1.82-23.00; P-interaction: 0.02) compared with unexposed subjects with at least one GSTM1 or T1 inactive genotype. In the largest RCC case-control study with genotype information conducted to date, we observed that risk associated with pesticide exposure was exclusive to individuals with active GSTM1/T1 genotypes. These findings further support the hypothesis that glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms can modify RCC risk associated with occupational pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karami
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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19
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Abstract
We report a rare case of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy developed after excision of left atrial myxoma and adrenaline infusion given for blood pressure augmentation in a 56-year-old lady. Although the risk for developing Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy associated with adrenaline use has not been established, caution is still warranted.
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20
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Karami S, Brennan P, Hung RJ, Boffetta P, Toro J, Wilson RT, Zaridze D, Navratilova M, Chatterjee N, Mates D, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Holcatova I, Moukeria A, Welch R, Chanock S, Rothman N, Chow WH, Moore LE. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and renal cancer risk in Central and Eastern Europe. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008; 71:367-72. [PMID: 18246496 PMCID: PMC2799224 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701798685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigated the role of vitamin D intake and cancer risk. The kidney is a major organ for vitamin D metabolism, activity, and calcium homeostasis; therefore, it was hypothesized that dietary vitamin D intake and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may modify renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. Three common VDR gene polymorphisms (BsmI, FokI, TaqI) were evaluated among 925 RCC cases and 1192 controls enrolled in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Central and Eastern Europe. Overall associations with RCC risk were not observed; however, subgroup analyses revealed associations after stratification by median age of diagnosis and family history of cancer. Among subjects over 60 yr, reduced risks were observed among carriers of the f alleles in the FokI single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61 for Ff and OR = 0.74 for ff genotypes) compared to subjects with the FF genotype (P trend = 0.04; P interaction = 0.004). Subjects with the BB BsmI genotype and a positive family history of cancer had lower risk compared to subjects with the bb allele (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.33-1.1; P trend = 0.05). Genotype associations with these subgroups were not modified when dietary sources of vitamin D or calcium were considered. Additional studies of genetic variation in the VDR gene are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karami
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. karamis@ mail.nih.gov
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21
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Chau EMC, Fan KYY, Chow WH. Effects of chronic sildenafil in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome versus idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2007; 120:301-5. [PMID: 17174418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the hypothesis that chronic sildenafil treatment has similar functional and hemodynamic effects in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension due to Eisenmenger syndrome as those due to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension without intracardiac shunts. METHODS A prospective open-label study was carried out to compare the effects of sildenafil on the pulmonary hemodynamics between two groups of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and similar baseline functional capacity--Eisenmenger syndrome (ES group) (n=7) versus idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH group) (n=6). RESULTS After 6 months of sildenafil, there was a significant improvement in the functional capacity, the arterial saturation and the pulmonary hemodynamics in the ES group, as shown by significant reduction in the systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressures and the pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSION Sildenafil increases pulmonary blood flow and improves cyanosis in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. Efficacy of sildenafil as treatment for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension may be extended to patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M C Chau
- Department of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Hong Kong.
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22
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Moore LE, Brennan P, Karami S, Hung RJ, Hsu C, Boffetta P, Toro J, Zaridze D, Janout V, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Mukeria A, Holcatova I, Welch R, Chanock S, Rothman N, Chow WH. Glutathione S -transferase polymorphisms, cruciferous vegetable intake and cancer risk in the Central and Eastern European Kidney Cancer Study. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1960-4. [PMID: 17617661 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High consumption of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with reduced kidney cancer risk in many studies. Isothiocyanates, thought to be responsible for the chemopreventive properties of this food group, are conjugated to glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) before urinary excretion. Modification of this relationship by host genetic factors is unknown. We investigated cruciferous vegetable intake in 1097 cases and 1555 controls enrolled in a multicentric case-control study from the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Russia. To assess possible gene-diet interactions, genotyped cases (N = 925) and controls (N = 1247) for selected functional or non-synonymous polymorphisms including the GSTM1 deletion, GSTM3 3 bp deletion (IVS6 + 22-AGG) and V224I G>A substitution, GSTT1 deletion and the GSTP1 I105V A>G substitution. The odds ratio (OR) for low (less than once per month) versus high (at least once per week) intake of cruciferous vegetables was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.62; P-trend = 0.03]. When low intake of cruciferous vegetables (less than once per month) was stratified by GST genotype, higher kidney cancer risks were observed among individuals with the GSTT1 null (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.07-3.23; P-interaction = 0.05) or with both GSTM1/T1 null genotypes (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.08-5.77; P-interaction = 0.05). These data provide additional evidence for the role of cruciferous vegetables in cancer prevention among individuals with common, functional genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to improve the outcome among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, treatment with antithrombotic therapies such as oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has been limited by the lack of efficacy and excess bleeding complications. As the publication of the landmark study Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE), the clinical benefit of early and intermediate-term use of combined antiplatelet agents--clopidogrel plus aspirin--in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients became evident. Pretreatment and intermediate-term therapy with clopidogrel in NSTEMI ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was further supported by the PCI-CURE trial. Recently, the results of two major trials Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 28, Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial established the pivotal role of clopidogrel in the other spectrum of ACS-STEMI. Coupled with the results from previous multicentre trials, these two studies provide a guide for the early and long-term use of clopidogrel in the whole spectrum of ACS. A review summarising the results of the recent clinical trials and a discussion on its implications for the clinical management of ACS is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zambahari
- Department of Cardiology, Institut Jantung Negara, 145 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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25
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Hou L, El-Omar EM, Chen J, Grillo P, Rabkin CS, Baccarelli A, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Zatonski W, Sobin LH, Lissowska J, Fraumeni JF, Chow WH. Polymorphisms in Th1-type cell-mediated response genes and risk of gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2006; 28:118-23. [PMID: 16885196 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection, the dominant risk factor for gastric cancers, has been shown to elicit T helper type 1 (Th1) polarized immunological responses. We conducted a population-based study of 305 gastric cancer cases and 427 age- and gender-matched controls in Warsaw, Poland, to evaluate the association with several variants in genes responsible for Th1-cell-mediated response. Genotyping was performed on genomic DNA by TaqMan(TM) assays to determine TNFA (-308 G>A, -417 G>A, -555 G>A, -1036 C>T, -1042 C>A, -1210 T>C), IL1A (-889 C>T), IFNGR2 (Ex7-128 T>C, Ex2-34 C>G and Ex2-16 A>G) and IL12A (IVS2-798 T>A, IVS2-701 C>A and Ex7+277 G>A) polymorphisms. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for sex, age, education and smoking status. Out of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tested in TNFA, gastric cancer risk was significantly associated with the TNFA (-308 G>A) polymorphism, with ORs of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0-2.0) for the G/A and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-4.9) for the A/A genotype carriers, when compared with the more frequent genotype (G/G) (P-trend < 0.001). Among the three tested SNPs in the IFNGR2 gene, only the Ex7-128C>T polymorphism was associated with increased risk, with ORs of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0-2.3) for T/C and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.7) for C/C carriers when compared with T/T carriers (P-trend = 0.01). Subjects carrying both IFNGR2 Ex7-128 C/C and TNFA -308 A/A genotypes had the highest risk (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.5-19.4), although the interaction was not statistically significant. IL1A (-889 C>T) and the three examined IL12A variants were unrelated to gastric cancer risk. Our findings suggest that two Th1-related polymorphisms (TNFA -308 A>G and IFNGR2 Ex7-128 C>T) may increase the risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8123, Bethesda, MD 20852-7242, USA.
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26
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Zhu HH, Gao YT, Blair A, Ji BT, Samet JM, Yang G, Shu XO, Lubin J, Chow WH, Zheng W, Cantor KP. Secondhand Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s98-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Zhang FF, Chow WH, Hou L, Lissowska J, Morabia A, Terry MB. Genetic Polymorphisms in Folate Metabolism and Stomach Cancer Risk: A Comparison Between Conventional and Hierarchical Modeling Approaches. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s226-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Chau EMC, Fan KYY, Chow WH. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a potentially fatal but treatable form of infiltrative heart disease. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:65-7. [PMID: 16495592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis is a rare but important differential diagnosis in patients who present with progressive heart failure and arrhythmia. It may be diagnosed on endomyocardial biopsy. An excellent response can be achieved with steroid therapy in the early acute inflammatory stage. Progression of the disease may lead to end-stage heart failure that requires implantation of a permanent pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, or mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to heart transplantation. We present three Hong Kong Chinese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M C Chau
- Department of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong.
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29
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between obesity and risk of renal cell carcinoma and to examine whether the association is modified by physical activity. SUBJECTS A population-based case-control study of 406 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 2434 controls conducted in Iowa. METHODS Information was collected on weight at the ages 20-29, 40-49, and 60-69 years, height, nonoccupational physical activity, diet, and other lifestyle factors. Renal cell carcinoma risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, total energy intake, and other confounding factors. RESULTS Height and total energy intake were not associated with risk in either sex. In men, neither physical activity nor level of obesity in any period of life was significantly associated with risk. In women, lower physical activity was associated with higher risk (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.2-5.2 comparing exercise <1 time/month to >1 time/day). Compared with women in the lowest quartile for BMI, the risks of renal cell carcinoma for women in the highest 10% of BMI in their 20s, 40s, and 60s were 1.4 (CI=0.6-3.1), 1.9 (CI=0.9-4.2), and 2.3 (CI=0.9-6.0), respectively. When analyses were limited to self-respondent data, the corresponding ORs were 2.9 (CI=1.2-7.4), 3.2 (CI=1.3-7.5), and 2.1 (CI=0.7-6.4), respectively. There was little evidence that physical activity modifies the association of BMI with renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Nonoccupational physical activity was inversely associated and obesity was positively associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma among women. The risk appeared to be greater for women in the highest 10% of BMI in their 40s. Our finding of little evidence of an interaction between physical activity and BMI requires confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C-H Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the dramatic decline in the incidence of stomach cancer in the twentieth century, Poland has one of the highest rates in the world. AIMS To evaluate the risk of stomach cancer by grouped occupations and industries, as well as by some specific occupational exposures. METHODS Cases (n = 443) were newly diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinomas between 1994 and 1996. Controls (n = 479) were randomly selected from the general population in Warsaw. RESULTS Only a few occupations and industries were associated with significantly increased risks of stomach cancer. The most suggestive finding was for work in the leather goods industry. Risk was also significantly increased among men working in fabricated metal production and among women ever employed as managers and governmental officials. Men ever employed as teaching professionals and women employed as technical and science professionals had significantly decreased risks of stomach cancer. Among men, a significant positive trend in risk with duration of employment was observed for work in the leather industry and special trade construction. No significantly increased risks were observed for specific exposures assessed by a job-exposure matrix or by self-reports. However among men there were non-significantly increased risks with 10 or more years exposure to asbestos, metal dust, and nitrosamines assessed by a job-exposure matrix. CONCLUSIONS Employment in the leather goods industry, special trade construction, and metal fabrication was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer among men. However, there were only weak associations with specific exposures. Occupational exposures do not contribute substantially to the high rates of stomach cancer in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krstev
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8104, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Chau EMC, Fan KYY, Chow WH. Combined atrial septostomy and oral sildenafil for severe right ventricular failure due to primary pulmonary hypertension. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10:281-4. [PMID: 15299175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of primary pulmonary hypertension is usually difficult because the disease is uncommon and the aetiology of the disease is not well understood. The disease is potentially lethal because it can lead to failure of the right ventricle, low cardiac output, and ensuing multiple organ failure. We report the successful treatment of a case of low-output syndrome due to primary pulmonary hypertension using combined drug therapy and atrial septostomy. Latest developments in the treatment of this disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M C Chau
- Department of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Hong Kong.
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32
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Rosenthal AD, Jin F, Shu XO, Yang G, Elasy TA, Chow WH, Ji BT, Xu HX, Li Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Body fat distribution and risk of diabetes among Chinese women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:594-9. [PMID: 14770196 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between measures of central and overall obesity and risk of diabetes. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 57 130 women were screened for diabetes at enrollment for the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based cohort study of Chinese women aged 40-70 y. In this study, 345 women diagnosed with diabetes and 2760 age-matched controls (eight controls per case), randomly selected from women who tested negative for urine glucose, were included. RESULTS Risk of diabetes increased significantly with increasing levels of obesity, particularly with measures of central obesity. Compared to those in the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of body mass index (BMI) (>/=26.57) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (>/=0.855) had a 2.57-fold (95% CI 1.75-3.77) and a 6.05-fold (95% CI 4.05-9.04) increased risk of diabetes, respectively. The risk of diabetes was elevated with increasing WHR at all levels of BMI, while the positive association between BMI and diabetes was observed primarily among women with a low WHR. However, test for multiplicative interaction was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that central obesity is a stronger risk factor for diabetes than overall obesity, suggesting that WHR may be a better indicator of risk of diabetes than BMI among Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Leung
- Department of Medicine, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhu XX, Pan CY, Li GW, Shi HL, Tian H, Yang WY, Jiang J, Sun XC, Davies C, Chow WH. Addition of rosiglitazone to existing sulfonylurea treatment in chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and exposure to hepatitis B or C. Diabetes Technol Ther 2003; 5:33-42. [PMID: 12725705 DOI: 10.1089/152091503763816445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of adding rosiglitazone to existing sulfonylurea (SU) treatment have not previously been studied in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and no known pre-existing hepatic impairment. Patients were randomized to receive rosiglitazone 2 mg twice daily (R4 + SU) or 4 mg twice daily (R8 + SU) or placebo (SU + P) for 24 weeks in addition to existing SU treatment. Most patients were taking concomitant glibenclamide (34%) or gliclazide (25%). Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and plasma insulin concentrations were measured. Of the 530 patients enrolled (45% male, mean age 59 years), 105 were in the SU + P group, 215 in the R4 + SU group, and 210 in the R8 + SU group. The mean baseline HbA(1c) was 9.8%, and FPG was 183.8 mg/dL. Compared with placebo, addition of rosiglitazone (2 or 4 mg twice daily) produced significant decreases in mean HbA(1c) (1.04% and 1.44%, respectively; p < 0.0001) and FPG (21.6 and 36.0 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.0001). There were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) reductions from baseline in insulin concentration of 23.3 and 30.4 pmol/L in the R4 + SU and R8 + SU groups, respectively. Despite the high prevalence of seropositivity for hepatitis B and/or C at baseline (56%), there was no evidence of hepatotoxicity. No clinically significant changes in routine hematology, biochemistry, or electrocardiogram were observed. The addition of rosiglitazone to SU produced clinically significant improvements in glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Rosiglitazone plus SU was well tolerated irrespective of hepatitis B and C serological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-X Zhu
- Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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35
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Kay J, Kwok OH, Chow WH. Successful rotational atherectomy and stenting in a situs inversus patient. J Invasive Cardiol 2002; 14:682-5. [PMID: 12403898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of successful high-speed rotational atherectomy and stenting of a long calcified lesion in a patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kay
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Grantham Hospital, Aberdeen, Hong Kong
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36
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Ji BT, Dai Q, Gao YT, Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Fraumeni JF, Chow WH. Cigarette and alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer in Shanghai, China. Eur J Cancer Prev 2002; 11:237-44. [PMID: 12131657 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200206000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relation of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking to colorectal cancer risk has been inconsistent in the epidemiological literature. In a population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Shanghai, China, where the incidence rates are rising sharply, we examined the association with tobacco and alcohol use. Cases were aged 30-74 years and newly diagnosed with cancers of the colon (N = 931) or rectum (N = 874) between 1990 and 1992. Controls (N = 1552) were randomly selected among Shanghai residents, frequency-matched to cases by gender and age. Information on lifetime consumption of tobacco and alcohol, as well as demographic and other risk factors, was obtained through in-person interviews. Associations with cigarette smoking and alcohol use were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among women, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking was low, and no significant association with colon or rectal cancer was observed. Although cigarette smoking among men was not related overall to colon or rectal cancer risk, there was a 50% excess risk of rectal cancer (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.5) among those who smoked 55 or more pack-years. Among men, former alcohol drinkers had an increased risk of colon cancer (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.7) but not rectal cancer, while current drinkers had a 30-50% excess risk of colon cancer only among those with long-term (30+ years) and heavy (>560 g ethanol/week) consumption. The excess risks were mainly associated with hard liquor consumption, with no material difference in risk between proximal and distal colon cancer. Although cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in general were not risk factors for colorectal cancers in Shanghai, there were small excess risks for rectal cancer among heavy smokers and colon cancer among heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-T Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 8120, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Abstract
Reports of increasing rates for kidney cancers in several count prompted this analysis of global incidence trends for total kidney cancers and by subsite. International incidence data for 5-year periods 1973-1977, 1978-1982, 1983-1987 and 1988-1992 were obtained from volumes IV to VII of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The USA data for the same 5-year periods were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Percentage changes in incidence rates were computed using the relative difference between the time periods 1973-1977 and 1988-1992, and annual percentage changes in incidence rates were computed using log linear regression. In 1988-1992, kidney cancer incidence rates (age-adjusted to the world-standard population) were highest in France (16.1/100,000 man-years and 7.3/100,000 woman-years) and lowest in India (2.0 and 0.9, respectively). Between 1973-1977 and 1988-1992, incidence rates rose among men and women in all regions and ethnic groups, with a few exceptions, mostly in Scandinavian countries. The largest percentage increase for men was in Japan (171%) and for women in Italy (107%). Rates for renal pelvis cancer were less than 1/100,000 person-years in almost all regions in both sexes, and the temporal trends were inconsistent. Incidence trends for renal parenchyma cancer tracked those for total kidney cancers, and appeared to result from increases in the prevalence of risk factors and in use of diagnostic imaging procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mathew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College, Trivandrum, 695 011, Kerala, India
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Ye W, Chow WH, Lagergren J, Yin L, Nyrén O. Risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases and after antireflux surgery. Gastroenterology 2001; 121:1286-93. [PMID: 11729107 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.29569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastroesophageal reflux has been proposed as an important risk factor for esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, but prospective data are lacking. Furthermore, the effect of antireflux surgery has not yet been studied. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to fill these gaps. METHODS A cohort of 35,274 male and 31,691 female patients with a discharge diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux diseases, and another cohort of 6406 male and 4671 female patients who underwent antireflux surgery, were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register. Follow-up was attained through record linkage with several nationwide registers. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to estimate relative risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers, using the general Swedish population as reference. RESULTS After exclusion of the first year follow-up, 37 esophageal and 36 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas were observed among male patients who did not have surgery (SIR, 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-8.7; SIR, 2.4, 95% CI, 1.7-3.3, respectively). SIR for esophageal adenocarcinoma increased with follow-up time (P = 0.03 for trend). Among male patients who had undergone antireflux surgeries, risks were also elevated (16 esophageal adenocarcinoma, SIR, 14.1, 95% CI, 8.0-22.8; 15 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas, SIR, 5.3, 95% CI, 3.0-8.7) and remained elevated with time after surgery. The cancer risk pattern in women was similar to that for men, but the number of cases were much smaller. CONCLUSIONS Gastroesophageal reflux is strongly associated with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and to a lesser extent, with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. The risk of developing adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia remains increased after antireflux surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ye W, Chow WH, Lagergren J, Boffetta P, Boman G, Adami HO, Nyrén O. Risk of adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia in patients hospitalized for asthma. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1317-21. [PMID: 11720467 PMCID: PMC2375235 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the first cohort study of the question we followed 92 986 (42 663 men and 50 323 women) adult patients hospitalized for asthma in Sweden from 1965 to 1994 for an average of 8.5 years to evaluate their risk of oesophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) adjusted for gender, age and calendar year was used to estimate relative risk, using the Swedish nationwide cancer incidence rates as reference. Asthmatic patients overall had a moderately elevated risk for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (SIR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval CI, 0.9-2.5) and gastric cardia cancer (SIR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0-1.9). However, the excess risks were largely confined to asthmatic patients who also had a discharge record of gastro-oesophageal reflux (SIR = 7.5, 95% CI, 1.6-22.0 and SIR = 7.1, 95% CI, 3.1-14.0, respectively). No significant excess risk for oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma or distal stomach cancer was observed. In conclusion, asthma is associated with a moderately elevated risk of developing oesophageal or gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Special clinical vigilance vis-à-vis gastro-esophageal cancers seems unwarranted in asthmatic patients, but may be appropriate in those with clinically manifest gastro-oesophageal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute Box 281, Stockholm, SE, 171 77, Sweden
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40
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Lan Q, Chow WH, Lissowska J, Hein DW, Buetow K, Engel LS, Ji B, Zatonski W, Rothman N. Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and stomach cancer in a population-based case-control study in Warsaw, Poland. Pharmacogenetics 2001; 11:655-61. [PMID: 11692073 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are important in the detoxification of a wide range of human carcinogens. Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations between the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes and stomach cancer risk. We investigated the relationship between these and related genotypes and stomach cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Warsaw, Poland, where stomach cancer incidence and mortality rates are among the highest in Europe. DNA from blood samples was available for 304 stomach cancer patients and 427 control subjects. We observed a 1.48-fold increased risk for stomach cancer (95% confidence interval 0.97-2.25) in patients with the GSTT1 null genotype but no evidence of increased risk associated with the GSTM1, GSTM3 or GSTP1 genotypes. Furthermore, the stomach cancer risk associated with the GSTT1 null genotype varied by age at diagnosis, with odds ratios of 3.85, 1.91, 1.78 and 0.59 for those diagnosed at ages less than 50, 50-59, 60-69 and 70 years or older, respectively (P trend = 0.01). This was due to a shift in the GSTT1 genotype distribution across age groups among stomach cancer patients only. These results suggest that the GSTT1 null genotype may be associated with increased risk of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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41
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Leung AY, Chow HC, Kwong YL, Lie AK, Fung AT, Chow WH, Yip AS, Liang R. Genetic polymorphism in exon 4 of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 may be associated with warfarin sensitivity in Chinese patients. Blood 2001; 98:2584-7. [PMID: 11588061 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.8.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2C9 polymorphisms reported in Caucasians (Arg144Cys in exon 3 and Ile359Leu in exon 7) are extremely uncommon in Chinese persons. The genotype of CYP2C9 in this population was characterized to investigate its relation with the interindividual variation in warfarin dosages. Eighty-nine Chinese patients receiving warfarin were recruited. Target sequences in CYP2C9 in exons 1, 4, and 5 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing. Polymorphisms at 4 positions were demonstrated in exon 4. Heterozygosities for 608TTG>GTG (Leu208Val), 561CAG>CCG (Gln192Pro), 537CAT>CCT (His184Pro), and 527ATT>CTT (Ile181Leu) existed at frequencies 0.75, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.09, respectively. Seventeen patients (frequency, 0.19) were homozygous for Val208. The common genotypic combinations at these loci are Ile181/His184/Gln192/Leu208Val (n = 50), Ile181/His184/Gln192/Val208 (n = 15), Ile181/His184/Gln192/Leu208 (n = 4), Ile181/His184/Gln192Pro/Leu208Val (n = 6), Ile181/His184Pro/Gln192Pro/Leu208Val (n = 4), and Ile181Leu/His184/Gln192Pro/ Leu208Val (n = 4). At codon 208, heterozygous Leu208Val and homozygous Val208 appeared to have a lower warfarin dose requirement than the homozygous Leu208. Patients who are heterozygous for Ile181Leu had a higher warfarin dose requirement than the homozygous Ile181. Amplified sequences in exons 1 and 5 did not exhibit polymorphism. In conclusion, Chinese patients showed genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 in exon 4 and at codon 208; most were heterozygous Leu208Val and homozygous Val208. Homozygous Leu208, a common allele in Caucasians, is uncommon in this cohort. The significance of these CYP2C9 polymorphic alleles remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Leung
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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42
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Mayne ST, Risch HA, Dubrow R, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Farrow DC, Schoenberg JB, Stanford JL, Ahsan H, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:1055-62. [PMID: 11588131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence rates for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia have been rising rapidly. We examined nutrient intake as a risk factor for esophageal and gastric cancers in a population-based case-control study in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington state. Interviews were completed for cases with histologically confirmed esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 282), adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (n = 255), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 206), and noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 352), along with population controls (n = 687). Associations between nutrient intake and risk of cancer were estimated by adjusted odds ratios (ORs), comparing the 75th versus the 25th percentile of intake. The following nutrients were significantly inversely associated with risk of all four tumor types: fiber, beta-carotene, folate, and vitamins C and B6. In contrast, dietary cholesterol, animal protein, and vitamin B12 were significantly positively associated with risk of all four tumor types. Dietary fat [OR, 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-3.76] was significantly associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma only. Dietary nitrite (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.26-2.16) was associated with noncardia gastric cancer only. Vitamin C supplement use was associated with a significantly lower risk for noncardia gastric cancer (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88). Higher intake of nutrients found primarily in plant-based foods was associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia, whereas higher intake of nutrients found primarily in foods of animal origin was associated with an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Mayne
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
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44
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El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH, McColl KE, Bream JH, Young HA, Herrera J, Lissowska J, Yuan CC, Rothman N, Lanyon G, Martin M, Fraumeni JF, Rabkin CS. The role of interleukin-1 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Nature 2001; 412:99. [PMID: 11808612 DOI: 10.1038/35083631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Lee CH, Kwok OH, Fan K, Chau E, Yip A, Chow WH. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect using Amplatzer septal occluder in Chinese adults. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 53:373-7. [PMID: 11458417 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amplatzer septal occluder (AGA Med. Co., USA) is a novel device for occlusion of atrial septal defect. We present our experience of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects using Amplatzer septal occluder in 45 adult Chinese patients (age range 18-69 years). The size of atrial septal defect varied from 14-28 (23 +/- 4) mm. Cardiac catheterization revealed a pulmonary-to-systemic shunt ratio ranging from 1.4-2.8 (mean 2.0 +/- 0.4). The procedure was successful in 44 (98%) patients. Displacement of the device requiring surgical removal occurred in one (2%) patient and minor wound complication occurred in two (4%) patients. Total procedure time was 67 +/- 16 minutes and the fluoroscopy time was 25 +/- 8 min. Immediate post-procedure and pre-discharge echocardiography revealed complete abolition of shunt in 42 (93%) and trivial residual shunt in 3 (7%) patients. The average follow-up period was 16 +/- 6 months (range 2 months to 3 years) months. None of the patients had developed other major complication at follow-up. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:373-377.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, 125, Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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46
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A 90-year-old woman who had hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy presented with drug-refractory heart failure. METHOD She successfully underwent transcoronary ethanol septal ablation under sedation. OUTCOME There was instantaneous improvement in left ventricular outflow tract gradient 6 months after discharge, and the symptoms of heart failure have resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong.
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47
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Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease that frequently escapes detection until the patient reaches adulthood. Percutaneous closure of the PDA has been established as a safe alternative to surgery, the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) is a new device that has been recently reported in paediatric patients. Our initial experience with an of ADO in an adult population appears to be encouraging and as good as in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Cardiac Medical Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong
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48
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Dhillon PK, Farrow DC, Vaughan TL, Chow WH, Risch HA, Gammon MD, Mayne ST, Stanford JL, Schoenberg JB, Ahsan H, Dubrow R, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Family history of cancer and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers in the United States. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:148-52. [PMID: 11391635 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide rates for histology- and subsite-specific types of esophageal and gastric cancer reveal strikingly divergent patterns. The contribution of environmental and genetic factors has been explored in several high-incidence areas, but data on genetic influences are scarce for Western countries. Using data from a multicenter, population-based, case-control study on 1,143 cases and 695 controls in the United States, we evaluated whether a family history of digestive or other cancers was associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 293), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 221), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n = 261) or non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 368). After adjusting for other risk factors, individuals reporting a family history of digestive cancers experienced no increased risk of either type of esophageal cancer but they were prone to adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.97] and non-cardia segments (OR =1.46, 95% CI 1.03-2.08). This familial tendency, particularly for non-cardia gastric tumors, was largely explained by an association with family history of stomach cancer (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.50-4.23). In addition, family history of breast cancer was associated with increased risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.07-2.83) and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.09-2.82). Also seen were non-significant familial associations of esophageal squamous-cell cancer with prostate cancer as well as non-cardia gastric cancer with leukemia and brain tumors, though these relationships must be interpreted with caution. Our data point to the role of familial susceptibility to gastric cancer, but not to any form of esophageal cancer, in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Dhillon
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ji BT, Chow WH, Yang G, Jin F, Gao YT, Fraumeni JF. Correspondence re: A. H. Wu et al., A meta-analysis of soyfoods and risk of stomach cancer: the problem of potential confounders. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 9: 1051-1058, 2000. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:570-1. [PMID: 11352874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
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