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Shareck M, Aubé E, Sersli S. Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Social Inequalities in Health in Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085474. [PMID: 37107756 PMCID: PMC10139110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Poor health and well-being are prevalent among young people. Neighborhoods may play a role in promoting good health. Little is known on if and how neighborhood characteristics affect health, and social inequalities therein, among young people. In this scoping review, we asked: (1) what features of the neighborhood physical and social environments have been studied in association with the physical and mental health and well-being of young people 15 to 30 years old; and (2) to what extent have social differentials in these associations been studied, and how? We identified peer-reviewed articles (2000 to 2023) through database and snowball searches. We summarized study characteristics, exposure(s), outcome(s) and main findings, with an eye on social inequalities in health. Out of the 69 articles reviewed, most were quantitative, cross-sectional, conducted among 18-year-olds and younger, and focused on the residential neighborhood. Neighborhood social capital and mental health were the most common exposure and outcome studied, respectively. Almost half of the studies examined social inequalities in health, mostly across sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Evidence gaps remain, which include exploring settings other than residential neighborhoods, studying the older age stratum of young adulthood, and assessing a broader range of social inequalities. Addressing these gaps can support research and action on designing healthy and equitable neighborhoods for young people.
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Hirsch JA, Michael YL, Moore KA, Melly S, Hughes TM, Hayden K, Luchsinger JA, Jimenez MP, James P, Besser LM, Sánchez B, Diez Roux AV. Longitudinal neighbourhood determinants with cognitive health and dementia disparities: protocol of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Neighborhoods and Aging prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066971. [PMID: 36368762 PMCID: PMC9660618 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) is increasing nationally and globally, with disproportionate impacts on lower-income, lower education and systematically marginalised older adults. Presence of inequalities in neighbourhood factors (eg, social context, physical and built environments) may affect risk of cognitive decline and be key for intervening on AD/ADRD disparities at the population level. However, existing studies are limited by a dearth of longitudinal, detailed neighbourhood measures linked to rich, prospective cohort data. Our main objective is to identify patterns of neighbourhood change related to prevalence of-and disparities in-cognitive decline and dementia. METHODS AND ANALYSES We describe the process of collecting, processing and linking extensive neighbourhood data to the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), creating a 25+ years dataset. Within the MESA parent study, the MESA Neighborhoods and Aging cohort study will characterise dynamic, longitudinal neighbourhood social and built environment variables relevant to cognition for residential addresses of MESA participants. This includes administering new surveys, expanding residential address histories, calculating new measures derived from spatial data and implementing novel deep learning algorithms on street-level imagery. Applying novel statistical techniques, we will examine associations of neighbourhood environmental characteristics with cognition and clinically relevant AD/ADRD outcomes. We will investigate determinants of disparities in outcomes by socioeconomic position and race/ethnicity and assess the contribution of neighbourhood environments to these disparities. This project will provide new evidence about pathways between neighbourhood environments and cognitive outcomes, with implications for policies to support healthy ageing. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This project was approved by the University of Washington and Drexel University Institutional Review Boards (protocols #00009029 and #00014523, and #180900605). Data will be distributed through the MESA Coordinating Center. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals, briefs, presentations and on the participant website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kari A Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Melly
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, Carolina, USA
| | - Jose A Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcia P Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lilah M Besser
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brisa Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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King C, Huang X, Dewan NA. Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety. Health Place 2021; 73:102724. [PMID: 34864383 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian King
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Xi Huang
- School of Public Administration, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Nahim A Dewan
- Doctoral Program in Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Lickiewicz J, Hughes PP, Sałapa K, Tychmanowicz A, Makara-Studzińska M. Perceptions of Fear, Likelihood of Victimization, and Confidence About Dangerous Situations Among University Women in Poland. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:10660-10685. [PMID: 31718384 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polish women have not been studied in regard to fear, likelihood, or confidence about dangerous situations, nor has there been an instrument to measure those perceptions. The purpose of the study was fourfold: first, to present the Polish translation and validation of the Perception of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS-P) and second, to assess Polish women's perceived fear, likelihood, and confidence about dangerous situations using the PDSS-P (41 items). The third purpose was to determine to what degree the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and/or the Hope for Success Scale (KNS) correlated with any of the three subscales of the PDSS-P. The fourth purpose was to determine the congruence of the PDSS-P to the original PDSS. Two other tools (GSES and KNS) were administered to determine concurrent validity with the PDSS. A sample of 208 women aged 19 to 27 years (M = 21.04, SD = 1.88) participated in the study. Five factors were determined for each subscale, similar to the original version of the PDSS. Women reported they were more afraid of being raped by a stranger than being murdered. Their estimation of the likelihood of some serious events occurring was not congruent with statistical realities. The women thought the least likely events to happen to them in the next year would be being raped or beaten by someone they know, or being held prisoner by someone who wanted to murder them. Confidence to manage dangerous situations was low in cases of being raped by strangers or known people, being kidnapped, or being attacked. The GSES and KNS provided useful information, in that they did not measure the same constructs as the PDSS-P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kinga Sałapa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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la Fuente IMD, Pastor A, Conde P, Vázquez MS, Ramos C, Bosque-Prous M, Franco M, Sureda X. Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment among participants in a Photovoice project conducted in two districts with different socio-economic status. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254978. [PMID: 34358236 PMCID: PMC8345849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the alcohol environment may influence alcohol consumption patterns. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in perceptions of the urban alcohol environment as experienced by residents of two districts with different socio-economic status after taking part in a Photovoice study. The study was conducted in Madrid, Spain, in a district with a high socio-economic status (HSES) and another district with a low socio-economic status (LSES). A Photovoice project was conducted with 26 participants divided into four groups based on sex and district. Groups met over five sessions in which they discussed photographs taken by the participants themselves on the subject of alcohol in their neighbourhood. A qualitative, descriptive and thematic analysis of participants' discourses was performed to explore changes in their perceptions of the alcohol environment over the project sessions. Changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in all groups over the project. The process of change varied by districts' socio-economic characteristics and gender. Greater changes in perceptions of the alcohol environment were observed in HSES, especially among women, as the participants had a much more positive initial view of their alcohol environment. In LSES, participants showed a more critical perception of the alcohol environment from the beginning of the study, and this broadened and intensified over the course of the sessions. Changes in perceptions also varied by thematic categories, including some categories that were discussed from the start (e.g. socialising and alcohol consumption) and categories that only emerged in later sessions (e.g. alcohol advertising). Involvement in a Photovoice project has favoured a shift in the participant's perceptions of their alcohol environment towards more critical positions, widening their scope of perceived elements and raising their awareness of specific problems, such as alcohol advertising and social role of alcohol consumption in relation to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Malaria and Neglected diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Pastor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Conde
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sandín Vázquez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Public Health Institute of Madrid, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States of America
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Compton MT, Bakeman R, Capulong L, Pauselli L, Alolayan Y, Crisafio A, King K, Reed T, Broussard B, Shim R. Associations Between Two Domains of Social Adversity and Recovery Among Persons with Serious Mental Illnesses Being Treated in Community Mental Health Centers. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:22-31. [PMID: 31552538 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As mental health services are increasingly embracing the recovery model, we conducted a study to better understand how social adversity impacts recovery. We also examined how associations between social adversity and recovery are influenced (moderated or mediated) by symptom severity. Data on seven social adversity measures, eight recovery measures, and symptom severity were collected from 300 English-speaking participants, ages 18-65 years, with a diagnosis of a psychotic or mood disorder, from five community mental health agencies in diverse neighborhoods in Washington, D.C. We employed standard correlation, exploratory factor analyses, analysis of variance, and hierarchic regression procedures. Diagnostic category and gender impacted Home Environment Adversities (e.g., food insecurity, perceived neighborhood disorder), the diagnostic category-by-gender interaction influenced Social and Economic Adversities (e.g., years of education and income), and gender affected Recovery. Controlling for diagnostic category and gender, Social and Economic Adversities accounted for 1.7% of variance in Recovery, while Home Environment Adversities accounted for 8.6% (their joint influence was 3.4%). Although symptom severity did not moderate these associations, it partially mediated the effect of Social and Economic Adversities on Recovery, and substantially mediated the effect of Home Environment Adversities on Recovery. The extent to which patients with serious mental illnesses experience recovery may be meaningfully influenced not only by symptoms, but by their social and environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Compton
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roger Bakeman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Luca Pauselli
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yazeed Alolayan
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Crisafio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelly King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Beth Broussard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Remes O, Lafortune L, Wainwright N, Surtees P, Khaw KT, Brayne C. Association between area deprivation and major depressive disorder in British men and women: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027530. [PMID: 31767575 PMCID: PMC6886936 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown area-level deprivation can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. The objective of this study is to determine whether area deprivation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in British women and men separately while adjusting for individual-level factors. DESIGN Large, population study. SETTING UK population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS 30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, over 20 000 participants completed a structured Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire used to capture MDD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and current MDD was assessed in 1996-2000. 8236 men and 10 335 women had complete data on all covariates. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE MDD identified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). RESULTS In this study, 3.3% (339/10 335) of women and 2.1% (177/8236) of men had MDD. Men living in the most deprived areas were 51% more likely to have depression than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.24; p=0.043), but the association between deprivation and MDD was not statistically significant in women (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65; p=0.143). CONCLUSION This study shows that the residential environment differentially affects men and women, and this needs to be taken into account by mental health policy-makers. Knowing that men living in deprived conditions are at high risk for having depression helps inform targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Lafortune
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Comparing Residents’ Fear of Crime with Recorded Crime Data—Case Study of Ostrava, Czech Republic. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fear of crime is an established research topic, not only in sociology, environmental psychology and criminology, but also in GIScience. Using spatial analysis to analyse patterns, explore hotspots and determine the significance of respective surveys is one reason for the increase in popularity of such research topics for geographers, cartographers and spatial data scientists. This paper presents the results of an intensive online map-based questionnaire with 1551 respondents from the city of Ostrava, Czech Republic. The respondents marked 3792 points associated with the fear of crime over a ten week period. The perception data were compared with recorded crime data acquired from police department records for the years 2015–2018. This paper explores the spatial autocorrelation from perceived hotspots and from recorded crime hotspots. Our findings fit into the literature confirming results about the locations that most frequently attract fear, but there is still room for more investigations regarding the links between recorded crime and the fear of crime.
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Andajani-Sutjahjo S, Liew TCH, Smith JF, Esekielu I, Mason G, Tariu I. Engaging community volunteers in participatory action research in Tāmaki community of Auckland, New Zealand. Health Promot Int 2018; 33:219-228. [PMID: 27543931 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the experiences of community volunteers' participation in a community-based participatory research project in Tāmaki, a low socio-economic and ethnically diverse suburban community within greater Auckland City, New Zealand. In the Tāmaki Community Action Research project, community volunteers were recruited and trained to conduct random household surveys (RHS) and asset mapping commissioned by community groups and government agencies in that area. The volunteers were involved in planning, coordination and ongoing governance of the project and ∼70 residents and local university students participated at different stages of the 2-year project. Over 600 RHS were completed and the volunteers' experiences were recorded in field notes, informal group discussions, daily team meetings and individual interviews and form the basis of this article. Only their experiences are discussed here, not the survey results which will be presented elsewhere. The project reflected the inherent asset-rich nature of the community via examples of individual volunteer empowerment and collective social/community capacity building. Volunteers increased their interpersonal and organizational skills, their understanding of the complexity of their community's logistics and cultural diversity, and gained an increased sense of community purpose and commitment. There was very strong endorsement of culturally sensitive research practice to recognize cultural differences and to engage productively within their richly ethnically diverse community. Full community volunteer participation in the project's governance (i.e. through design, training, implementation and ongoing consultation/management phases) was considered key to sustaining the life of project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Theresa C H Liew
- Community Development Arts and Culture, Auckland Council, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John F Smith
- Postgraduate Tropical Medicine Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Iutita Esekielu
- Ka Mau Te Wero Community Development Trust, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Mason
- Ka Mau Te Wero Community Development Trust, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Imele Tariu
- Ka Mau Te Wero Community Development Trust, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand
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Identification of Approaches to Improve Patient Trust in Health Systems: A Group Concept Mapping Study. J Healthc Manag 2018; 63:e116-e129. [PMID: 30180038 DOI: 10.1097/jhm-d-17-00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Higher levels of institutional trust have been associated with increased preventive healthcare use, greater adherence to treatment plans, and improved overall self-rated health status. However, little attention has been paid to understanding approaches to improve patient institutional trust. This study used group concept mapping to elicit patient perspectives on ways to improve patient trust. Eighteen insured individuals living in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, participated in the concept mapping sessions. Participants first brainstormed in a group setting to develop a list of ideas about how systems could improve trust, then each participant sorted the ideas into thematic domains and rated the statements based on both importance and feasibility. Four primary domains for improving institutional trust emerged: privacy, patient-provider relationship, respect for patients, and health system guidelines. Multiple action items to improve patient trust of the system were provided for each domain, and participants rated the "privacy" domain as the most feasible and important to address.We suggest that future local efforts to build institutional trust implement processes to improve the protection of patient privacy, support patient-provider relationships, and engender respect for patients, and that institutions develop system-level guidelines to support these principles. Next steps involve exploring the importance of these domains across other populations and developing and testing targeted interventions.
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11
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Kim SK, Kang HB. An analysis of fear of crime using multimodal measurement. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Coman EN, Wu HZ. Examining Differential Resilience Mechanisms by Comparing 'Tipping Points' of the Effects of Neighborhood Conditions on Anxiety by Race/Ethnicity. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6010018. [PMID: 29461504 PMCID: PMC5872225 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to adverse environmental and social conditions affects physical and mental health through complex mechanisms. Different racial/ethnic (R/E) groups may be more or less vulnerable to the same conditions, and the resilience mechanisms that can protect them likely operate differently in each population. We investigate how adverse neighborhood conditions (neighborhood disorder, NDis) differentially impact mental health (anxiety, Anx) in a sample of white and Black (African American) young women from Southeast Texas, USA. We illustrate a simple yet underutilized segmented regression model where linearity is relaxed to allow for a shift in the strength of the effect with the levels of the predictor. We compare how these effects change within R/E groups with the level of the predictor, but also how the "tipping points," where the effects change in strength, may differ by R/E. We find with classic linear regression that neighborhood disorder adversely affects Black women's anxiety, while in white women the effect seems negligible. Segmented regressions show that the Ndis → Anx effects in both groups of women appear to shift at similar levels, about one-fifth of a standard deviation below the mean of NDis, but the effect for Black women appears to start out as negative, then shifts in sign, i.e., to increase anxiety, while for white women, the opposite pattern emerges. Our findings can aid in devising better strategies for reducing health disparities that take into account different coping or resilience mechanisms operating differentially at distinct levels of adversity. We recommend that researchers investigate when adversity becomes exceedingly harmful and whether this happens differentially in distinct populations, so that intervention policies can be planned to reverse conditions that are more amenable to change, in effect pushing back the overall social risk factors below such tipping points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Nicolae Coman
- Health Disparities Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Helen Zhao Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
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Coulombe S, Meunier S, Cloutier L, Auger N, Roy B, Tremblay G, de Montigny F, Gaboury I, Bernard FO, Lavoie B, Dion H, Houle J. Health-Promoting Home and Workplace Neighborhoods: Associations With Multiple Facets of Men's Health. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:1680-1691. [PMID: 29073845 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315625774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of healthy settings for health promotion, little is known about how neighborhood characteristics affect men's health. The present study aims to explore the associations between perceptions of home and workplace neighborhoods with diverse health outcomes, and to examine mediating mechanisms. A sample of 669 men members of labor unions in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire assessing social and physical aspects of their work and home neighborhoods (the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire) as well as subjective and objective health outcomes (perceived health, positive mental health, body mass index) and potential mediators (health behaviors, self-efficacy). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) revealed that the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire was associated with all three health outcomes, either directly or indirectly through health behaviors and self-efficacy. Both home and workplace neighborhoods were associated with men's health, home neighborhood being more strongly associated. The findings suggest that physical and social aspects of neighborhood might contribute to men's health. The study highlights positive environmental levers for urban planners, policy makers, and health professionals to promote men's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Coulombe
- 1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Meunier
- 1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Cloutier
- 2 Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Auger
- 3 Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Roy
- 4 Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harold Dion
- 8 Clinique médicale l'Actuel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janie Houle
- 1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gaston SA, Volaufova J, Peters ES, Ferguson TF, Robinson WT, Nugent N, Trapido EJ, Rung AL. Individual-level exposure to disaster, neighborhood environmental characteristics, and their independent and combined associations with depressive symptoms in women. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:1183-1194. [PMID: 28656451 PMCID: PMC5709223 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The severity of the stress response to experiencing disaster depends on individual exposure and background stress prior to the event. To date, there is limited research on the interaction between neighborhood environmental stress and experiencing an oil spill, and their effects on depression. The objective of the current study was to assess if the association between exposure to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS) and depressive symptoms varied by neighborhood characteristics. METHODS US Census data (2010) and longitudinal data collected in two waves (2012-2014 and 2014-2016) from female residents [N = 889 (Wave I), 737 (Wave II)] of an area highly affected by the DHOS were analyzed. Multilevel and individual-level negative binomial regressions were performed to estimate associations with depressive symptoms in both waves. An interaction term was included to estimate effect modification of the association between DHOS exposure and depressive symptoms by neighborhood characteristics. Generalized estimating equations were applied to the negative binomial regression testing longitudinal associations. RESULTS Census tract-level neighborhood characteristics were not associated with depressive symptoms. Exposure to the DHOS and neighborhood physical disorder were associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. There was no evidence of effect modification; however, physical/environmental exposure to the DHOS was associated with increased depressive symptoms only among women living in areas with physical disorder. Exposure to the DHOS remained associated with depressive symptoms over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the enduring consequences of disaster exposure on depressive symptoms in women and identify potential targets for post-disaster intervention based on residential characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symielle A Gaston
- , 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD E205-09, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Julia Volaufova
- Biostatistics Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tekeda F Ferguson
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - William T Robinson
- Behavioral Health and Community Sciences Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nicole Nugent
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Building, 1 Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Edward J Trapido
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ariane L Rung
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Levasseur M, Roy M, Michallet B, St-Hilaire F, Maltais D, Généreux M. Associations Between Resilience, Community Belonging, and Social Participation Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the Eastern Townships Population Health Survey. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:2422-2432. [PMID: 28455192 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between resilience, community belonging, and social participation, and the moderating effect of resilience on the association between community belonging and social participation among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional; secondary analyses of the Eastern Townships Population Health Survey. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS A sample (N=4541) of women (n=2485) and men (n=2056) aged ≥60 years was randomly selected according to area. Most participants had <14 years of schooling, owned their dwelling, were retired, had 1 or 2 chronic conditions, and did not have depressive symptoms. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported data on age, education, depressive symptoms, social participation, community belonging, and resilience were collected by phone interviewer-administered questionnaire. A social participation scale measured frequency of participation in 8 community activities. A 4-point Likert scale ranging from "very strong" to "very weak" estimated sense of belonging to the local community. Social participation and sense of belonging questions came from Statistics Canada surveys. Resilience was assessed with the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, capturing the ability to cope with adversity. RESULTS Controlling for age, education, and psychological distress, greater resilience and community belonging were associated with greater social participation among women (R2=.13; P<.001) and men (R2=.09; P<.001). The association between community belonging and social participation varied as a function of resilience, especially in men. Greater community belonging further enhanced social participation, especially among women (P=.03) and men (P<.01) with greater resilience (moderator effect). CONCLUSIONS Resilience moderates the association between community belonging and social participation among community-dwelling older women and, especially, men. Interventions targeting social participation should consider the potential impact of resilience on improving community belonging. Future studies should investigate why resilience moderates associations between community belonging and social participation, and how to enhance resilience among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre-Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services-Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre (CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Group on Resilience, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Interdisciplinary Research Group on Resilience, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Michallet
- Interdisciplinary Research Group on Resilience, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Speech Language Therapy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - France St-Hilaire
- Department of Management and Human Resources, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Maltais
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre-Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services-Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre (CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Hwang J, Guilcher SJT, McIsaac KE, Matheson FI, Glazier R, O'Campo P. An examination of perceived health care availability and unmet health care need in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2017; 108:e7-e13. [PMID: 28425893 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although timely access to health care is a top priority, a burgeoning body of research highlights the important role of neighbourhood environments on unmet health care needs. This study aimed to examine an association between perceptions of neighbourhood availability of health care services and experience of unmet health care needs by gender in an urban city setting. METHODS A total of 2338 participants from the Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study, between 25 and 64 years of age and dwelling in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were included in the analyses. Four different logistic regression models stratified by gender were used to examine the relationship between neighbourhood health care availability and unmet health care need as well as the impact of neighbourhood perception of health care availability on the three different types of unmet needs. RESULTS Perceived health care availability was associated with higher likelihood of experiencing unmet health care needs in both women and men (women = OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09-2.28; men = OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.23-2.99). In addition, perceived health care availability was associated with barrier- and wait times-related unmet health care need among women (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13-2.97; OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.10-3.40 respectively), and personal choice- and wait times-related unmet need among men (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.10-3.58). CONCLUSION Individuals' perception of health care availability plays a crucial role in the experience of unmet health care needs, suggesting the importance of community-based policy development for improving physical conditions and the social aspect of health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongnam Hwang
- Department of Health Promotion, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
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Brazil N, Clark WAV. Individual mental health, life course events and dynamic neighbourhood change during the transition to adulthood. Health Place 2017; 45:99-109. [PMID: 28324796 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the relationship between significant changes in neighbourhood poverty during the transition to adulthood and shifts in depressive symptoms. We found that associations between changes in neighbourhood poverty and mental health disappeared after controlling for contemporaneous life course events, specifically transitions associated with intimate relationship building and human capital formation. The exception is a decrease in depressive symptoms for females moving into lower poverty neighbourhoods across the entire transition to adulthood period. We conclude that the impact of moving into significantly higher or lower poverty neighbourhoods during the transition to adulthood is conditioned on age, period and gender and complicated by the occurrence of other significant life course transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noli Brazil
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - William A V Clark
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, 1255 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Vaughn LM, Jones JR, Booth E, Burke JG. Concept mapping methodology and community-engaged research: A perfect pairing. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2017; 60:229-237. [PMID: 27591958 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Concept mapping methodology as refined by Trochim et al. is uniquely suited to engage communities in all aspects of research from project set-up to data collection to interpreting results to dissemination of results, and an increasing number of research studies have utilized the methodology for exploring complex health issues in communities. In the current manuscript, we present the results of a literature search of peer-reviewed articles in health-related research where concept mapping was used in collaboration with the community. A total of 103 articles met the inclusion criteria. We first address how community engagement was defined in the articles and then focus on the articles describing high community engagement and the associated community outcomes/benefits and methodological challenges. A majority (61%; n=63) of the articles were classified as low to moderate community engagement and participation while 38% (n=39) of the articles were classified as high community engagement and participation. The results of this literature review enhance our understanding of how concept mapping can be used in direct collaboration with communities and highlights the many potential benefits for both researchers and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Vaughn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., ML 2008, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Jennifer R Jones
- Community PARTners Core of CTSI, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Parran Hall Room 226, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Emily Booth
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., ML 2008, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Department of Behavioral & Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, 218 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Lee MJ, Liechty JM. Longitudinal Associations Between Immigrant Ethnic Density, Neighborhood Processes, and Latino Immigrant Youth Depression. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:983-91. [PMID: 24801717 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression rates rise in adolescence and the prevalence of depression is higher among Latino adolescents than other race/ethnic groups. Ethnic density among immigrant populations is associated with better health and mental health outcomes among adults, but little is known about its effects among adolescents or its mechanisms. This study examines the pathways by which immigrant density may affect mental health outcomes among Latino youth. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we drew a sample of 2,678 Hispanic youth. Multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses found that Latino immigrant density predicted lower odds of depression among both male and female immigrant but not non-immigrant Latino adolescents. No mediating effects of neighborhood efficacy, perceived safety or perceived contentment were observed in this study. Results reaffirm the need to further explore the mechanisms through which ethnic density exerts its salubrious effect on immigrant youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jung Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1010 W. Nevada St., Room 2014, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA,
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Levasseur M, Généreux M, Desroches J, Carrier A, Lacasse F, Chabot É, Abecia A, Gosselin L, Vanasse A. How to Find Lessons from the Public Health Literature: Example of a Scoping Study Protocol on the Neighborhood Environment. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27413514 PMCID: PMC4926543 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.184311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As key determinants of many favorable health and quality of life outcomes, it is important to identify factors associated with mobility and social participation. Although several investigations have been carried out on mobility, social participation and neighborhood environment, there is no clear integration of these results. This paper presents a scoping study protocol that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the physical and social neighborhood environment is associated with or influences mobility and social participation in older adults. Methods: The rigorous methodological framework for scoping studies is used to synthesize and disseminate current knowledge on the associations or influence of the neighborhood environment on mobility and social participation in aging. Nine databases from public health and other fields are searched with 51 predetermined keywords. Using content analysis, all data are exhaustively analyzed, organized, and synthesized independently by two research assistants. Discussion: A comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies provides decision-makers, clinicians and researchers with current knowledge and best practices regarding neighborhood environments with a view to enhancing mobility and social participation. Such a synthesis represents an original contribution and can ultimately support decisions and development of innovative interventions and clear guidelines for the creation of age-supportive environments. Improvements in public health and clinical interventions might be the new innovation needed to foster health and quality of life for aging population. Finally, the aspects of the associations or influence of the neighborhood environment on mobility and social participation not covered by previous research are identified. Conclusions: Among factors that impact mobility and social participation, the neighborhood environment is important since interventions targeting it may have a greater impact on an individual's mobility and social participation than those targeting individual factors. Although investigations from various domains have been carried out on this topic, no clear integration of these results is available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health and Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre (CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- Department Public Health, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1J 1B1, Canada
| | - Josiane Desroches
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health and Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre (CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Annie Carrier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health and Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre (CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Francis Lacasse
- CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Éric Chabot
- Réseau de transport de Longueuil, Longueuil, Quebec, J4G 2M4, Canada
| | - Ana Abecia
- Centre d'études de l'Asie de l'est, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Pavillon 3744, rue Jean-Brillant, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louise Gosselin
- Sherbrooke Healthy City Inc., Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5H9, Canada
| | - Alain Vanasse
- Etienne-LeBel Clinical Research Centre, CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Department of Emergency and Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, PRIMUS Research Group, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
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van Deurzen I, Rod NH, Christensen U, Hansen ÅM, Lund R, Dich N. Neighborhood perceptions and allostatic load: Evidence from Denmark. Health Place 2016; 40:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wright EM, Pinchevsky GM, Benson ML, Radatz DL. Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Depression: Examining the Roles of Neighborhood Supportive Mechanisms. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 56:342-56. [PMID: 26391793 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-015-9753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the direct effects of neighborhood supportive mechanisms (e.g., collective efficacy, social cohesion, social networks) on depressive symptoms among females as well as their moderating effects on the impact of IPV on subsequent depressive symptoms. A multilevel, multivariate Rasch model was used with data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to assess the existence of IPV and later susceptibility of depressive symptoms among 2959 adult females in 80 neighborhoods. Results indicate that neighborhood collective efficacy, social cohesion, social interactions, and the number of friends and family in the neighborhood reduce the likelihood that females experience depressive symptoms. However, living in areas with high proportions of friends and relatives exacerbates the impact of IPV on females' subsequent depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that neighborhood supportive mechanisms impact interpersonal outcomes in both direct and moderating ways, although direct effects were more pronounced for depression than moderating effects. Future research should continue to examine the positive and potentially mitigating influences of neighborhoods in order to better understand for whom and under which circumstances violent relationships and mental health are influenced by contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wright
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska, 6001 Dodge Street, 218 CPACS, Omaha, NE, 68182-0149, USA.
| | - Gillian M Pinchevsky
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Box 455009, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Michael L Benson
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, 665H Dyer Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| | - Dana L Radatz
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Niagara University, P.O. Box 1941, New York, NY, 14109-1941, USA.
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Gariepy G, Kaufman JS, Blair A, Kestens Y, Schmitz N. Place and health in diabetes: the neighbourhood environment and risk of depression in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2015; 32:944-50. [PMID: 25440062 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common co-illness in people with diabetes. Evidence suggests that the neighbourhood environment impacts the risk of depression, but few studies have investigated this effect in those with diabetes. We examined the effect of a range of neighbourhood characteristics on depression in people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cohort study used five waves of data from 1298 participants with Type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Health Study (2008-2013). We assessed depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire. We measured neighbourhood deprivation using census data; density of services using geospatial data; level of greenness using satellite imagery; and perceived neighbourhood characteristics using survey data. The effect of neighbourhood factors on risk of depression was estimated using survival analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. We tested effect modification by age, sex and socio-economic characteristics using interaction terms. RESULTS More physical activity facilities, cultural services and a greater level of greenness in the neighbourhood were associated with a lower risk of depression in our sample, even after adjusting for confounders. Material deprivation was associated with increased risk of depression, particularly in participants who were older or retired. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of neighbourhoods were associated with the risk of depression in people with Type 2 diabetes and there were vulnerable subgroups within this association. Clinicians are encouraged to consider the neighbourhood environment of their patients when assessing the risk of depression. Future intervention research is need for health policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gariepy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
| | - J S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - A Blair
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Y Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Schmitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
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Levasseur M, Généreux M, Bruneau JF, Vanasse A, Chabot É, Beaulac C, Bédard MM. Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: results from a scoping study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:503. [PMID: 26002342 PMCID: PMC4460861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since mobility and social participation are key determinants of health and quality of life, it is important to identify factors associated with them. Although several investigations have been conducted on the neighborhood environment, mobility and social participation, there is no clear integration of the results. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding regarding how the neighborhood environment is associated with mobility and social participation in older adults. METHODS A rigorous methodological scoping study framework was used to search nine databases from different fields with fifty-one keywords. Data were exhaustively analyzed, organized and synthesized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by two research assistants following PRISMA guidelines, and results were validated with knowledge users. RESULTS The majority of the 50 selected articles report results of cross-sectional studies (29; 58%), mainly conducted in the US (24; 48%) or Canada (15; 30%). Studies mostly focused on neighborhood environment associations with mobility (39; 78%), social participation (19; 38%), and occasionally both (11; 22%). Neighborhood attributes considered were mainly 'Pro ducts and technology' (43; 86) and 'Services, systems and policies' (37; 74%), but also 'Natural and human-made changes' (27; 54%) and 'Support and relationships' (21; 42%). Mobility and social participation were both positively associated with Proximity to resources and recreational facilities, Social support, Having a car or driver's license, Public transportation and Neighborhood security, and negatively associated with Poor user-friendliness of the walking environment and Neighborhood insecurity. Attributes of the neighborhood environment not covered by previous research on mobility and social participation mainly concerned 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies'. CONCLUSION Results from this comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies on associations of the neighborhood environment with mobility and social participation will ultimately support best practices, decisions and the development of innovative inclusive public health interventions including clear guidelines for the creation of age-supportive environments. To foster mobility and social participation, these interventions must consider Proximity to resources and to recreational facilities, Social support, Transportation, Neighborhood security and User-friendliness of the walking environment. Future studies should include both mobility and social participation, and investigate how they are associated with 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies' in older adults, including disadvantaged older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Levasseur
- University of Sherbrooke, 2500 University Blvd., J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre - University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere South, J1H 4C4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- University of Sherbrooke, 2500 University Blvd., J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre - University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere South, J1H 4C4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Public Health Department, Health and Social Services Agency, 300 King East, Suite 300, J1J 1B1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Bruneau
- University of Sherbrooke, 2500 University Blvd., J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Montreal Polytechnique, Downtown Station, P.O. Box 6079, H3C 3A7, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alain Vanasse
- University of Sherbrooke, 2500 University Blvd., J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Research Centre, CHUS, 3001 12th Avenue North, J1H 5N4, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Éric Chabot
- Ordre des urbanistes du Québec, H2Y 3V4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Claude Beaulac
- Ordre des urbanistes du Québec, H2Y 3V4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Michèle Bédard
- University of Sherbrooke, 2500 University Blvd., J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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O׳Campo P, Wheaton B, Nisenbaum R, Glazier RH, Dunn JR, Chambers C. The Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study. Health Place 2015; 31:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gariepy G, Blair A, Kestens Y, Schmitz N. Neighbourhood characteristics and 10-year risk of depression in Canadian adults with and without a chronic illness. Health Place 2014; 30:279-86. [PMID: 25453748 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The neighbourhood environment could play a role in the risk of depression in adults and those with a chronic illness. We investigated the effects of a range of neighbourhood characteristics on the 10-year risk of depression in a representative sample of 9026 Canadian adults and subsamples with a chronic condition. Characteristics of neighbourhoods were not significantly related to the risk of depression in the general sample and subsamples with a chronic condition. However, residing near a park was significantly associated with a lower risk of depression for people living in crowded households, and having a local health service nearby was protective for those living in materially deprived neighbourhoods. Living in a neighbourhood that was both socially advantaged and offered cultural services was also associated with lower risk of depression. Additional research is needed for smaller effect size detection. Future intervention research is warranted for health policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Gariepy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Blair
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gottlieb N, Feder-Bubis P. Dehomed: the impacts of house demolitions on the well-being of women from the unrecognized Bedouin-Arab villages in the Negev/Israel. Health Place 2014; 29:146-53. [PMID: 25090105 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five Bedouin-Arab villages in South Israel are regarded illegal settlements by the state. Consequently, the residents׳ homes are subject to demolition. Based on 12 semi-structured multiple-participant interviews, this paper examines the house demolitions׳ impacts on women, in the context of gendered constructions of social roles and space. It highlights that the marginalized position of Arab-Bedouin women - as women in a patriarchal community, as members of a minority within Israeli society, and as residents of an "invisible" settlement - contributes to the devastating effects of the house demolitions. In particular, the study׳s results show that the house demolitions inflict severe personal and collective trauma, amplified by women׳s primary role as mothers. Paradoxically, the very same role also becomes a source of resilience and political resistance, as women act to defend a sense of home and restore family life in the face of state violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gottlieb
- Department of Health System Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Paula Feder-Bubis
- Department of Health System Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
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Mumford EA, Liu W, Hair EC, Yu TC. Concurrent trajectories of BMI and mental health patterns in emerging adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2013; 98:1-7. [PMID: 24331875 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Affective disorders and weight status have been consistently linked in childhood and adult research, and this comorbidity has synergistic effects leading to more severe health consequences. We map the co-development of these developmental processes in the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 1997 (NLSY97) cohort ages 15 to 27 to inform the targeting of public health interventions. We estimate profiles of youth mental health and weight status through parallel process growth mixture modeling within a person-centered framework controlling for race/ethnicity, gender, and poverty status. Fit statistics indicate a 5-class parallel process model for the concurrent trajectories of BMI and mental health. The concurrent trajectories model reveals latent class trajectories of "stable normal weight, stable good mental health" (82.2%); "consistently obese, stable good mental health" (6.8%); "overweight becoming obese, declining mental health" (5.6%); "stable normal weight, improving mental health" (3.3%); and "morbid obesity, stable good mental health" (2.1%). The risk of developmental trajectories of poor mental health and BMI outcomes is greater for females, blacks, Hispanics, and individuals living below the poverty line. These results should help public health professionals to better target subpopulations approaching or already experiencing developmental pathways of risk for poor mental health and weight comorbidities. Multilevel investigation of lifestyle and contextual factors will foster further refinement of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mumford
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Hair
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Tzy-Chyi Yu
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Teychenne M, Ball K, Salmon J. Educational inequalities in women's depressive symptoms: the mediating role of perceived neighbourhood characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 9:4241-53. [PMID: 23330219 PMCID: PMC3546759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Socio-economically disadvantaged (e.g., less educated) women are at a greater risk of depression compared to less disadvantaged women. However, little is known regarding the factors that may explain socioeconomic inequalities in risk of depression. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of perceived neighbourhood factors in mediating the relationship between education and women’s risk of depression. Cross-sectional data were provided by 4,065 women (aged 18–45). Women self-reported their education level, depressive symptoms (CES-D 10), as well as four neighbourhood factors (i.e., interpersonal trust, social cohesion, neighbourhood safety, and aesthetics). Single and multiple mediating analyses were conducted. Clustering by neighbourhood of residence was adjusted by using a robust estimator of variance. Multiple mediating analyses revealed that interpersonal trust was the only neighbourhood characteristic found to partly explain the educational inequalities in women’s depressive symptoms. Social cohesion, neighbourhood aesthetics and safety were not found to mediate this relationship. Acknowledging the cross-sectional nature of this study, findings suggest that strategies to promote interpersonal trust within socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods may help to reduce the educational inequalities in risk of depression amongst women. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Teychenne
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +61-392-446-910; Fax: +61-392-446-017
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Perception of environmental problems and common mental disorders (CMD). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47:1675-84. [PMID: 22273631 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few years, there has been increasing interest in studying the association between problems in the neighbourhood environment and health indicators. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the perception of environmental problems by individuals and the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in Spain. METHODS A cross-sectional study using data from a large scale national representative survey of households (the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey). Participants included in the study were aged between 16 and 64 years (n = 23,760). The dependent variable was common mental disorders assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The independent variable was the individual's perception of environmental problems. Raw and adjusted Odds Ratios and their confidence intervals (95%) were calculated by fitting logistic regression models adjusting for age, marital status, work situation, social class, rural or urban area, country of origin, restrictions in carrying out activities of daily life due to a health problem and social support. RESULTS The individuals who reported environmental problems had a higher prevalence of CMD. There was a clear increasing gradient in CMD prevalence with the increase in the number of environmental problems mentioned. Among the subjects who reported to have 1 or no environmental problem the prevalence of CMD was 11.8% (men) and 18.7% (women), and among those who mentioned 6 or more problems, the prevalence increased to 20.8% (men) and 35.4% (women). After adjusting for all the co-variables, there is an association between environmental problems and CMD (men OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.66; women OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.27-1.67). The environmental problems most strongly associated with the prevalence of CMD are noise, bad smell, air pollution, and lack of green areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that individuals who perceive environmental problems in their neighbourhood have a higher prevalence of CMD, even after adjusting for all co-variables. In addition, there is a clear increasing gradient in the prevalence of CMD with the increase in the number of environmental problems. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of CMD must be directed to improve individual and contextual risks.
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Sheppard AJ, Salmon C, Balasubramaniam P, Parsons J, Singh G, Jabbar A, Zaidi Q, Scott A, Nisenbaum R, Dunn J, Ramsay J, Haque N, O'Campo P. Are residents of downtown Toronto influenced by their urban neighbourhoods? Using concept mapping to examine neighbourhood characteristics and their perceived impact on self-rated mental well-being. Int J Health Geogr 2012; 11:31. [PMID: 22862839 PMCID: PMC3460762 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is ample evidence that residential neighbourhoods can influence mental well-being (MWB), with most studies relying on census or similar data to characterize communities. Few studies have actively investigated local residents’ perceptions. Methods Concept mapping was conducted with residents from five Toronto neighbourhoods representing low income and non-low income socio-economic groups. These residents participated in small groups and attended two sessions per neighbourhood. The first session (brainstorming) generated neighbourhood characteristics that residents felt influenced their MWB. A few weeks later, participants returned to sort these neighbourhood characteristics and rate their relative importance in affecting residents’ ‘good’ and ‘poor’ MWB. The data from the sorting and rating groups were analyzed to generate conceptual maps of neighbourhood characteristics that influence MWB. Results While agreement existed on factors influencing poor MWB (regardless of neighbourhood, income, gender and age), perceptions related to factors affecting good MWB were more varied. For example, women were more likely to rank physical beauty of their neighbourhood and range of services available as more important to good MWB, while men were more likely to cite free access to computers/internet and neighbourhood reputation as important. Low-income residents emphasized aesthetic attributes and public transportation as important to good MWB, while non-low-income residents rated crime, negative neighbourhood environment and social concerns as more important contributors to good MWB. Conclusion These findings contribute to the emerging literature on neighbourhoods and MWB, and inform urban planning in a Canadian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sheppard
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St, Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Kovandžić M, Funnell E, Hammond J, Ahmed A, Edwards S, Clarke P, Hibbert D, Bristow K, Dowrick C. The space of access to primary mental health care: A qualitative case study. Health Place 2012; 18:536-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lorenc T, Clayton S, Neary D, Whitehead M, Petticrew M, Thomson H, Cummins S, Sowden A, Renton A. Crime, fear of crime, environment, and mental health and wellbeing: mapping review of theories and causal pathways. Health Place 2012; 18:757-65. [PMID: 22542441 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the findings from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the links between crime and fear of crime, the social and built environment, and health and wellbeing. A pragmatic approach was employed, with iterative stages of searching and synthesis. This produced a holistic causal framework of pathways to guide future research. The framework emphasises that crime and fear of crime may have substantial impacts on wellbeing, but the pathways are often highly indirect, mediated by environmental factors, difficult to disentangle and not always in the expected direction. The built environment, for example, may affect health via its impacts on health behaviours; via its effects on crime and fear of crime; or via the social environment. The framework also helps to identify unexpected factors which may affect intervention success, such as the risk of adverse effects from crime prevention interventions as a result of raising awareness of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lorenc
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
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Walker RE, Block J, Kawachi I. Do residents of food deserts express different food buying preferences compared to residents of food oases? A mixed-methods analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:41. [PMID: 22490237 PMCID: PMC3480913 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people lack access to food stores that provide healthful food. Neighborhoods with poor supermarket access have been characterized as "food deserts" (as contrast with "food oases"). This study explored factors influencing food buying practices among residents of food deserts versus food oases in the city of Boston, USA. METHODS We used the mixed-methods approach of concept mapping, which allows participants to identify, list, and organize their perceptions according to importance. Resulting maps visually illustrate priority areas. RESULTS Sixty-seven low-income adults completed the concept mapping process that identified 163 unique statements (e.g. relating to affordability, taste, and convenience) that influence food buying practices. Multivariate statistical techniques grouped the 163 statements into 8 clusters or concepts. Results showed that average cluster ratings and rankings were similar between residents of food deserts and food oases. CONCLUSIONS The implication of this study pertains to the importance of community resources and emergency food assistance programs that have served to minimize the burden associated with hunger and poor food access among low-income, urban populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Walker
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Mahmood A, Chaudhury H, Michael YL, Campo M, Hay K, Sarte A. A photovoice documentation of the role of neighborhood physical and social environments in older adults' physical activity in two metropolitan areas in North America. Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:1180-92. [PMID: 22365935 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence indicates that regular engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week is sufficient for older adults to achieve positive health outcomes. Although there is a growing body of literature that examines the affect of neighborhood environment on physical activity in older adults, the research tends to overlook social aspects that potentially shape the relationship between physical environment and physical activity. This article presents qualitative themes related to the role of the physical and social environments in influencing physical activity among older adults as identified through the photovoice method with sixty-six older adults in eight neighborhoods in metropolitan Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and Greater Portland, Oregon, USA. The photovoice data generated seven themes: being safe and feeling secure, getting there, comfort in movement, diversity of destinations, community-based programs, peer support and intergenerational/volunteer activities. Although the majority of these themes have explicit or implicit physical and social aspects, certain themes are primarily based on physical environmental aspects (e.g., safe and feeling secure, comfort in movement), while a few themes are more oriented to social context (e.g., peer support, intergenerational activity/volunteering). The themes are discussed with a focus on how the neighborhood physical and social environmental aspects interplay to foster or hinder older adults in staying active in both everyday activities and intentional physical activities. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Mahmood
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, 2800-515 W. Hastings St., Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada.
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Associations between perceived proximity to neighborhood resources, disability, and social participation among community-dwelling older adults: results from the VoisiNuAge study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 92:1979-86. [PMID: 22133245 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between perceived proximity to neighborhood resources, disability, and social participation and the potential moderating effect of perceived proximity to neighborhood resources on the association between disability and social participation in community-dwelling older women and men. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (296 women, 258 men). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data for age, education, depressive symptoms, frequency of participation in community activities, perceived proximity to neighborhood resources (services, amenities), and functional autonomy in daily activities (disability) were collected by means of interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Greater perceived proximity to resources and lower level of disability were associated with greater social participation for both women (R(2)=.10; P<.001) and men (R(2)=.05; P<.01). The association between disability and social participation did not vary as a function of perceived proximity to neighborhood resources in women (no moderating effect; P=.15). However, in men, greater perceived proximity to neighborhood resources enhanced social participation (P=.01), but only in those with minor or no disability. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should investigate why perceived proximity to services and amenities is associated with social participation in older men with minor or no disabilities and with women overall, but has no association in men with moderate disabilities.
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Bayer AM, Cabrera LZ, Gilman RH, Hindin MJ, Tsui AO. Adolescents can know best: using concept mapping to identify factors and pathways driving adolescent sexuality in Lima, Peru. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:2085-2095. [PMID: 20382462 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to identify and describe individual- and environmental-level factors that Peruvian adolescents perceive to be related to adolescent sexuality. A series of concept mapping sessions were carried out from January-March 2006 with 63 15-17 year olds from a low-income community near Lima in order for adolescents to: (1) brainstorm items that they thought were related to sexuality, (2) sort, group and rate items to score their importance for sexuality-related outcomes, and (3) create pathways from the groups of items to engaging in sex. Brainstorming resulted in 61 items, which participants grouped into 11 clusters. The highest rated clusters were personal values, respect and confidence in partner relationships, future achievements and parent-child communication. The pathway of decision-making about having sex primarily contained items rated as only moderately important. This study identified important understudied factors, new perspectives on previously-recognized factors, and possible pathways to sexual behavior. These interesting and provocative findings underscore the importance of directly integrating adolescent voices into future sexual and reproductive health research, policies and programs that target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bayer
- University of California, Los Angeles, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10940 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1220, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
| | - Lilia Z Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
| | - Michelle J Hindin
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
| | - Amy O Tsui
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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