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Sun T, Li M, Liu Q, Yu A, Cheng K, Ma J, Murphy S, McNutt PM, Zhang Y. Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair. Front Med 2024; 18:258-284. [PMID: 38216854 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells, have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair. One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy, such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types. However, further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy, not only in the areas of exosome isolation, characterization, and engineering, but also in determining the optimal dose, timing, administration, and frequency of exosome therapy. Thus, optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer, ischemia, or inflammation. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Patrick Michael McNutt
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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3
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Fan C, Qin K, Iroegbu CD, Xiang K, Gong Y, Guan Q, Wang W, Peng J, Guo J, Wu X, Yang J. Magnesium lithospermate B enhances the potential of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for myocardial repair. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00917. [PMID: 38221772 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that activation of the cell cycle in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enhances their remuscularization capacity after human cardiac muscle patch transplantation in infarcted mouse hearts. Herein, we sought to identify the effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on hiPSC-CMs during myocardial repair using a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model. METHODS In C57BL/6 mice, MI was surgically induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group); a MI group (treated with phosphate-buffered saline only), a hiPSC-CMs group, a MLB group, a hiPSC-CMs + MLB group, and a Sham operation group. Cardiac function and MLB therapeutic efficacy were evaluated by echocardiography and histochemical staining 4 weeks after surgery. To identify the associated mechanism, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) signals, cell adhesion ability, generation of reactive oxygen species, and rates of apoptosis were detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and hiPSC-CMs. RESULTS After 4 weeks of transplantation, the number of cells that engrafted in the hiPSC-CMs + MLB group was about five times higher than those in the hiPSC-CMs group. Additionally, MLB treatment significantly reduced tohoku hospital pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cell adhesion, ICAM1 expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and cell apoptosis in HUVECs cultured under hypoxia. Similarly, treatment with MLB significantly inhibited the apoptosis of hiPSC-CMs via enhancing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression, promoting STAT3 nuclear translocation, and downregulating BCL2-Associated X, dual specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2), and cleaved-caspase-3 expression under hypoxia. Furthermore, MLB significantly suppressed the production of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and the reduction in glutathione content induced by hypoxia in both HUVECs and hiPSC-CMs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS MLB significantly enhanced the potential of hiPSC-CMs in repairing injured myocardium by improving endothelial cell function via the NF-κB/ICAM1 pathway and inhibiting hiPSC-CMs apoptosis via the DUSP2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Kele Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yibo Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41000, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41000, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Chepeleva EV. Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16844. [PMID: 38069167 PMCID: PMC10706847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. Despite the timely use of modern reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis, surgical revascularization and balloon angioplasty, they are sometimes unable to prevent the development of significant areas of myocardial damage and subsequent heart failure. Research efforts have focused on developing strategies to improve the functional status of myocardial injury areas. Consequently, the restoration of cardiac function using cell therapy is an exciting prospect. This review describes the characteristics of various cell types relevant to cellular cardiomyoplasty and presents findings from experimental and clinical studies investigating cell therapy for coronary heart disease. Cell delivery methods, optimal dosage and potential treatment mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chepeleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Lancaster JJ, Grijalva A, Fink J, Ref J, Daugherty S, Whitman S, Fox K, Gorman G, Lancaster LD, Avery R, Acharya T, McArthur A, Strom J, Pierce MK, Moukabary T, Borgstrom M, Benson D, Mangiola M, Pandey AC, Zile MR, Bradshaw A, Koevary JW, Goldman S. Biologically derived epicardial patch induces macrophage mediated pathophysiologic repair in chronically infarcted swine hearts. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1203. [PMID: 38007534 PMCID: PMC10676365 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are nearly 65 million people with chronic heart failure (CHF) globally, with no treatment directed at the pathologic cause of the disease, the loss of functioning cardiomyocytes. We have an allogeneic cardiac patch comprised of cardiomyocytes and human fibroblasts on a bioresorbable matrix. This patch increases blood flow to the damaged heart and improves left ventricular (LV) function in an immune competent rat model of ischemic CHF. After 6 months of treatment in an immune competent Yucatan mini swine ischemic CHF model, this patch restores LV contractility without constrictive physiology, partially reversing maladaptive LV and right ventricular remodeling, increases exercise tolerance, without inducing any cardiac arrhythmias or a change in myocardial oxygen consumption. Digital spatial profiling in mice with patch placement 3 weeks after a myocardial infarction shows that the patch induces a CD45pos immune cell response that results in an infiltration of dendritic cells and macrophages with high expression of macrophages polarization to the anti-inflammatory reparative M2 phenotype. Leveraging the host native immune system allows for the potential use of immunomodulatory therapies for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases not limited to ischemic CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lancaster
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - A Grijalva
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J Fink
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - J Ref
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - S Daugherty
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - S Whitman
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - K Fox
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - G Gorman
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - L D Lancaster
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - R Avery
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - T Acharya
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - A McArthur
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J Strom
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - M K Pierce
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - T Moukabary
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - M Borgstrom
- Research & Discovery Tech, Research Computing Specialist, Principal, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - D Benson
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - M Mangiola
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, 11016, USA
| | - A C Pandey
- Section of Cardiology, Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA
| | - M R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Thurmond/Gazes Building, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - A Bradshaw
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Thurmond/Gazes Building, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - J W Koevary
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - S Goldman
- Sarver Heart Center, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Rao A, Chen N, Kim MJ, Blumenfeld J, Yip O, Hao Y, Liang Z, Nelson MR, Koutsodendris N, Grone B, Ding L, Yoon SY, Arriola P, Huang Y. Microglia Depletion Reduces Human Neuronal APOE4-Driven Pathologies in a Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566510. [PMID: 38014339 PMCID: PMC10680610 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence supporting the involvement of both apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) and microglia in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis, the effects of microglia on neuronal APOE4-driven AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we examined such effects utilizing microglial depletion in a chimeric model with human neurons in mouse hippocampus. Specifically, we transplanted homozygous APOE4, isogenic APOE3, and APOE-knockout (APOE-KO) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons into the hippocampus of human APOE3 or APOE4 knock-in mice, and depleted microglia in half the chimeric mice. We found that both neuronal APOE and microglial presence were important for the formation of Aβ and tau pathologies in an APOE isoform-dependent manner (APOE4 > APOE3). Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identified two pro-inflammatory microglial subtypes with high MHC-II gene expression that are enriched in chimeric mice with human APOE4 neuron transplants. These findings highlight the concerted roles of neuronal APOE, especially APOE4, and microglia in AD pathogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS Transplanted human APOE4 neurons generate Aβ and p-tau aggregates in APOE4-KI mouse hippocampus.Human neuronal APOE4 promotes the formation of dense-core Aβ plaques and p-tau aggregates.Microglia is required for human neuronal APOE4-driven formation of p-tau aggregates.scRNA-seq reveals enrichment of MHC-II microglia in mice with human APOE4 neuron transplants.
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Murata T, Hama N, Kamatani T, Mori A, Otsuka R, Wada H, Seino KI. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induce mixed chimerism and donor-specific allograft tolerance. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1331-1344. [PMID: 37244443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In transplantation using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), strategies focused on major histocompatibility complexes were adopted to avoid immune rejection. We showed that minor antigen mismatches are a risk factor for graft rejection, indicating that immune regulation remains one of the most important issues. In organ transplantation, it has been known that mixed chimerism using donor-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) can induce donor-specific tolerance. However, it is unclear whether iPSC-derived HSPCs (iHSPCs) can induce allograft tolerance. We showed that 2 hematopoietic transcription factors, Hoxb4 and Lhx2, can efficiently expand iHSPCs with a c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage- phenotype, which possesses long-term hematopoietic repopulating potential. We also demonstrated that these iHSPCs can form hematopoietic chimeras in allogeneic recipients and induce allograft tolerance in murine skin and iPSC transplantation. With mechanistic analyses, both central and peripheral mechanisms were suggested. We demonstrated the basic concept of tolerance induction using iHSPCs in allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kamatani
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Giallongo S, Lo Re O, Resnick I, Raffaele M, Vinciguerra M. Gene Editing and Human iPSCs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:275-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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9
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McGinley LM, Chen KS, Mason SN, Rigan DM, Kwentus JF, Hayes JM, Glass ED, Reynolds EL, Murphy GG, Feldman EL. Monoclonal antibody-mediated immunosuppression enables long-term survival of transplanted human neural stem cells in mouse brain. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1046. [PMID: 36101963 PMCID: PMC9471059 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the field of stem cell therapy advances, it is important to develop reliable methods to overcome host immune responses in animal models. This ensures survival of transplanted human stem cell grafts and enables predictive efficacy testing. Immunosuppressive drugs derived from clinical protocols are frequently used but are often inconsistent and associated with toxic side effects. Here, using a molecular imaging approach, we show that immunosuppression targeting costimulatory molecules CD4 and CD40L enables robust survival of human xenografts in mouse brain, as compared to conventional tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. METHODS Human neural stem cells were modified to express green fluorescent protein and firefly luciferase. Cells were implanted in the fimbria fornix of the hippocampus and viability assessed by non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. Cell survival was assessed using traditional pharmacologic immunosuppression as compared to monoclonal antibodies directed against CD4 and CD40L. This paradigm was also implemented in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model. RESULTS Graft rejection occurs within 7 days in non-immunosuppressed mice and within 14 days in mice on a traditional regimen. The addition of dual monoclonal antibody immunosuppression extends graft survival past 7 weeks (p < .001) on initial studies. We confirm dual monoclonal antibody treatment is superior to either antibody alone (p < .001). Finally, we demonstrate robust xenograft survival at multiple cell doses up to 6 months in both C57BL/6J mice and a transgenic Alzheimer's disease model (p < .001). The dual monoclonal antibody protocol demonstrated no significant adverse effects, as determined by complete blood counts and toxicity screen. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an effective immunosuppression protocol for preclinical testing of stem cell therapies. A transition towards antibody-based strategies may be advantageous by enabling stem cell survival in preclinical studies that could inform future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. McGinley
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin S. Chen
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Shayna N. Mason
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Diana M. Rigan
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - John M. Hayes
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Emily D. Glass
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Evan L. Reynolds
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Kamatani T, Otsuka R, Murata T, Wada H, Takahashi T, Mori A, Murata S, Taniguchi H, Seino KI. Evaluation of immunosuppression protocols for MHC-matched allogeneic iPS cell-based transplantation using a mouse skin transplantation model. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:4. [PMID: 35105370 PMCID: PMC8809003 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-the-shelf major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched iPS cells (iPSC) can potentially initiate host immune responses because of the existence of numerous minor antigens. To suppress allo-immune responses, combination of immunosuppressants is usually used, but its efficacy to the allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation has not been precisely evaluated. METHODS Three transplantation models were used in this study; MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched mouse skin or iPSC-graft transplantation, and fully allogeneic human iPSC-derived liver organoid transplantation in immune-humanized mice. The recipients were treated with triple drugs combination (TDC; tacrolimus, methylprednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil) or co-stimulatory molecule blockade (CB) therapy with some modifications. Graft survival as well as anti-donor T and B cell responses was analyzed. RESULTS In the mouse skin transplantation model, immunological rejection caused by the minor antigen-mismatch ranged from mild to severe according to the donor-recipient combination. The TDC treatment could apparently control the mild skin graft rejection when combined with a transient T cell depletion, but unexpected anti-donor T or B cell response was observed. On the other hand, CB therapy, particularly when combined with rapamycin treatment, was capable of attenuating both mild and severe skin graft rejection and allowing them to survive long-term without any unfavorable anti-donor immune responses. The efficacy of the CB therapy was confirmed in both mouse and human iPSC-derived graft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the CB-based treatment seems suitable to well manage the MHC-matched allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation. The TDC-based treatment may be also used to suppress the rejection, but screening of its severity prior to the transplantation seems to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kamatani
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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11
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Zhang YQ, Hong L, Jiang YF, Hu SD, Zhang NN, Xu LB, Li HX, Xu GD, Zhou YF, Sun KY. hAECs and their exosomes improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15032-15043. [PMID: 34031267 PMCID: PMC8221312 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are seed cells used to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but their mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We cultured hAECs and extracted exosomes from culture supernatants. Next, we established a stable AMI model in rats and treated them with hAECs, exosomes, or PBS. We assess cardiac function after treatment by echocardiography. Additionally, heart tissues were collected and analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining. We conducted the tube formation and apoptosis assays to explore the potential mechanisms. RESULTS Cardiac function was improved, and tissue fibrosis was decreased following implantation of hAECs and their exosomes. Echocardiography showed that the EF and FS were lower in the control group than in the hAEC and exosome groups, and that the LVEDD and LVESD were higher in the control group (P<0.05). Masson's trichrome staining showed that the fibrotic area was larger in the control group. Tube formation was more efficient in the hAEC and exosome groups (P<0.0001). Additionally, the apoptosis rates of myocardial cells in the hAEC and exosome groups were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS hAECs and their exosomes improved the cardiac function of rats after AMI by promoting angiogenesis and reducing the apoptosis of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Hong
- Department of Cardiology, DuShu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, DuShu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Da Hu
- Department of Cardiology, DuShu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Lang-Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Cardiology, DuShu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Dong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, DuShu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Yun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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12
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Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123581. [PMID: 33266109 PMCID: PMC7760556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer therapy, metastatic solid tumors remain largely incurable. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering and promising approach for cancer therapy and management, and in particular intended for advanced tumors unresponsive to current therapeutics. In cancer immunotherapy, components of the immune system are exploited to eliminate cancer cells and treat patients. The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer treatment. Despite their potential success, current approaches depend on efficient tumor antigen presentation which are often inaccessible, and most tumors turn refractory to current immunotherapy. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to share several characteristics with cancer (stem) cells (CSCs), eliciting a specific anti-tumoral response when injected in rodent cancer models. Indeed, artificial cellular reprogramming has been widely compared to the biogenesis of CSCs. Here, we will discuss the state-of-the-art on the potential implication of cellular reprogramming and iPSCs for the design of patient-specific immunotherapeutic strategies, debating the similarities between iPSCs and cancer cells and introducing potential strategies that could enhance the efficiency and therapeutic potential of iPSCs-based cancer vaccines.
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13
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Denner J, Längin M, Reichart B, Krüger L, Fiebig U, Mokelke M, Radan J, Mayr T, Milusev A, Luther F, Sorvillo N, Rieben R, Brenner P, Walz C, Wolf E, Roshani B, Stahl-Hennig C, Abicht JM. Impact of porcine cytomegalovirus on long-term orthotopic cardiac xenotransplant survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17531. [PMID: 33067513 PMCID: PMC7568528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using pig organs has achieved survival times up to 195 days in pig orthotopic heart transplantation into baboons. Here we demonstrate that in addition to an improved immunosuppressive regimen, non-ischaemic preservation with continuous perfusion and control of post-transplantation growth of the transplant, prevention of transmission of the porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) plays an important role in achieving long survival times. For the first time we demonstrate that PCMV transmission in orthotopic pig heart xenotransplantation was associated with a reduced survival time of the transplant and increased levels of IL-6 and TNFα were found in the transplanted baboon. Furthermore, high levels of tPA-PAI-1 complexes were found, suggesting a complete loss of the pro-fibrinolytic properties of the endothelial cells. These data show that PCMV has an important impact on transplant survival and call for elimination of PCMV from donor pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Maren Mokelke
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Radan
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasia Milusev
- Department of Biomedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Luther
- Department of Biomedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department of Biomedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department of Biomedical Research (DMBR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Brenner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Berit Roshani
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Najm R, Zalocusky KA, Zilberter M, Yoon SY, Hao Y, Koutsodendris N, Nelson M, Rao A, Taubes A, Jones EA, Huang Y. In Vivo Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Modeling of Apolipoprotein E4 Toxicity in Human Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107962. [PMID: 32726626 PMCID: PMC7430173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its clear impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, apolipoprotein (apo) E4's contributions to AD etiology remain poorly understood. Progress in answering this and other questions in AD research has been limited by an inability to model human-specific phenotypes in an in vivo environment. Here we transplant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons carrying normal apoE3 or pathogenic apoE4 into human apoE3 or apoE4 knockin mouse hippocampi, enabling us to disentangle the effects of apoE4 produced in human neurons and in the brain environment. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identify key transcriptional changes specific to human neuron subtypes in response to endogenous or exogenous apoE4. We also find that Aβ from transplanted human neurons forms plaque-like aggregates, with differences in localization and interaction with microglia depending on the transplant and host apoE genotype. These findings highlight the power of in vivo chimeric disease modeling for studying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly A Zalocusky
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Taubes
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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15
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Li S, Oh BC, Chu C, Arnold A, Jablonska A, Furtmüller GJ, Qin HM, Boltze J, Magnus T, Ludewig P, Janowski M, Brandacher G, Walczak P. Induction of immunological tolerance to myelinogenic glial-restricted progenitor allografts. Brain 2020; 142:3456-3472. [PMID: 31529023 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological barrier currently precludes the clinical utilization of allogeneic stem cells. Although glial-restricted progenitors have become attractive candidates to treat a wide variety of neurological diseases, their survival in immunocompetent recipients is limited. In this study, we adopted a short-term, systemically applicable co-stimulation blockade-based strategy using CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD154 antibodies to modulate T-cell activation in the context of allogeneic glial-restricted progenitor transplantation. We found that co-stimulation blockade successfully prevented rejection of allogeneic glial-restricted progenitors from immunocompetent mouse brains. The long-term engrafted glial-restricted progenitors myelinated dysmyelinated adult mouse brains within one month. Furthermore, we identified a set of plasma miRNAs whose levels specifically correlated to the dynamic changes of immunoreactivity and as such could serve as biomarkers for graft rejection or tolerance. We put forward a successful strategy to induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness towards stem cells in the CNS, which will foster effective therapeutic application of allogeneic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Byoung Chol Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antje Arnold
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hua-Min Qin
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tim Magnus
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirosław Janowski
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Li J, Li X, Liang C, Ling L, Chen Z, Wong CK, Waldmann H, Lui KO. Coreceptor blockade targeting CD4 and CD8 allows acceptance of allogeneic human pluripotent stem cell grafts in humanized mice. Biomaterials 2020; 248:120013. [PMID: 32278152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that short-term coreceptor blockade with non-lytic monoclonal antibodies enables the long-term survival of fully allogeneic embryonic stem cell (ESC) transplants in mice. Here, we describe the use of Hu-PBL humanized mice to determine whether short-term coreceptor blockade with humanized anti-human CD4 and CD8 antibodies can achieve the same outcome towards human ESC derivatives. While control Hu-PBL mice rejected allogeneic hESC-derived transplants within weeks, mice treated with coreceptor blocking antibodies held their grafts for 7 weeks, the duration of the study. Rejection in the control mice was associated with demonstrable infiltrates of human CD45 white blood cells, predominantly of CD8 T-cells, whereas anti-CD4, but not anti-CD8 antibody treated mice showed remarkably reduced lymphocyte infiltration and prolonged allograft survival, indicating that the CD4+ T-cells were crucial to the rejection process. Our results give support to the principle that short-term blockade of T-cell co-receptors can achieve long-term acceptance of regenerative cell transplants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cai Liang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijun Ling
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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18
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Outer Radial Glia-like Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:48-63.e6. [PMID: 31901251 PMCID: PMC7029801 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating form of brain cancer. To identify aspects of tumor heterogeneity that may illuminate drivers of tumor invasion, we created a glioblastoma tumor cell atlas with single-cell transcriptomics of cancer cells mapped onto a reference framework of the developing and adult human brain. We find that multiple GSC subtypes exist within a single tumor. Within these GSCs, we identify an invasive cell population similar to outer radial glia (oRG), a fetal cell type that expands the stem cell niche in normal human cortex. Using live time-lapse imaging of primary resected tumors, we discover that tumor-derived oRG-like cells undergo characteristic mitotic somal translocation behavior previously only observed in human development, suggesting a reactivation of developmental programs. In addition, we show that PTPRZ1 mediates both mitotic somal translocation and glioblastoma tumor invasion. These data suggest that the presence of heterogeneous GSCs may underlie glioblastoma's rapid progression and invasion.
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19
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Abstract
The worldwide increase in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease leads to a growing waiting list for kidney transplantation resulting from the scarcity of kidney donors. Therefore, alternative treatment options for patients with end-stage renal disease are being sought. In vitro differentiation of stem cells into renal tissue is a promising approach to repair nonfunctional kidney tissue. Impressive headway has been made in the use of stem cells with the use of adult renal progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells for the development toward primitive kidney structures. Currently, efforts are directed at improving long-term maintenance and stability of the cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the cell sources used for the generation of kidney cells and strategies used for transplantation in in vivo models. Furthermore, it provides a perspective on stability and safety during future clinical application of in vitro generated kidney cells.
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20
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Cisneros T, Dillard DW, Qu X, Arredondo-Guerrero J, Castro M, Schaffert S, Martin R, Esquivel CO, Krams SM, Martinez OM. Differential role of natural killer group 2D in recognition and cytotoxicity of hepatocyte-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1652-1662. [PMID: 30549427 PMCID: PMC6543818 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based approaches have the potential to address the organ shortage in transplantation. Whereas both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have been utilized as cellular sources for differentiation and lineage specification, their relative ability to be recognized by immune effector cells is unclear. We determined the expression of immune recognition molecules on hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) generated from murine embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, compared to adult hepatocytes, and we evaluated the impact on recognition by natural killer (NK) cells. We report that HLC lack MHC class I expression, and that embryonic stem cell-derived HLC have higher expression of the NK cell activating ligands Rae1, H60, and Mult1 than induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC and adult hepatocytes. Moreover, the lack of MHC class I renders embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC, susceptible to killing by syngeneic and allogeneic NK cells. Both embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC, are killed by NK cells at higher levels than adult hepatocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that the NK cell activation receptor, NKG2D, plays a key role in NK cell cytotoxicity of embryonic stem cell-derived HLC, but not induced pluripotent stem cell-derived HLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Cisneros
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle W. Dillard
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiumei Qu
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Martha Castro
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Schaffert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renata Martin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheri M. Krams
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal
Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Ljung K, Grönlund A, Felldin U, Rodin S, Corbascio M, Österholm C, Grinnemo KH. Human Fetal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentiate In Vivo into Endothelial Cells and Contribute to Vasculogenesis in Immunocompetent Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:310-318. [PMID: 30618344 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great potential as a treatment for systemic inflammatory diseases, but their local regenerative properties are highly tissue- and site specific. Previous studies have demonstrated that adult human MSCs respond to inflammatory cytokines through the release of paracrine factors that stimulate angiogenesis, but they do not themselves differentiate into vascular structures in vivo. In this study, we used human fetal cardiac MSCs (hfcMSCs) harvested during the first trimester of heart development and injected them into the subcutaneous tissue of normal immunocompetent mice treated with short-term costimulation blockade for tolerance induction. When hfcMSCs were transplanted subcutaneously together with Matrigel matrix, they contributed to vasculogenesis through differentiation into endothelial cells and generation of the basal membrane protein Laminin α4. These characteristics of hfcMSCs are similar to the mesodermal progenitors giving rise to the developing heart and they may be useful for treatment of ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ljung
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,2 Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Grönlund
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- 3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Corbascio
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,2 Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Buduru SD, Gulei D, Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Cenariu D, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Potential of Different Origin Stem Cells in Modulating Oral Bone Regeneration Processes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010029. [PMID: 30625993 PMCID: PMC6356555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has gained much momentum since the implementation of stem cell isolation and manipulation for regenerative purposes. Despite significant technical improvements, researchers still have to decide which strategy (which type of stem cell) is the most suitable for their specific purpose. Therefore, this short review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main categories of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in the context of bone regeneration for dentistry-associated conditions. Importantly, when deciding upon the right strategy, the selection needs to be made in concordance with the morbidity and the life-threatening level of the condition in discussion. Therefore, even when a specific type of stem cell holds several advantages over others, their availability, invasiveness of the collection method and ethical standards become deciding parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaranda Dana Buduru
- Prosthetics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Stomestet Stomatology Clinic, Calea Manastur 68A Street, 400658 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; .
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Cenariu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34-36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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23
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Gasparini SJ, Llonch S, Borsch O, Ader M. Transplantation of photoreceptors into the degenerative retina: Current state and future perspectives. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 69:1-37. [PMID: 30445193 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian retina displays no intrinsic regenerative capacities, therefore retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP) result in a permanent loss of the light-sensing photoreceptor cells. The degeneration of photoreceptors leads to vision impairment and, in later stages, complete blindness. Several therapeutic strategies have been developed to slow down or prevent further retinal degeneration, however a definitive cure i.e. replacement of the lost photoreceptors, has not yet been established. Cell-based treatment approaches, by means of photoreceptor transplantation, have been studied in pre-clinical animal models over the last three decades. The introduction of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids represents, in principle, an unlimited source for the generation of transplantable human photoreceptors. However, safety, immunological and reproducibility-related issues regarding the use of such cells still need to be solved. Moreover, the recent finding of cytoplasmic material transfer between donor and host photoreceptors demands reinterpretation of several former transplantation studies. At the same time, material transfer between healthy donor and dysfunctional patient photoreceptors also offers a potential alternative strategy for therapeutic intervention. In this review we discuss the history and current state of photoreceptor transplantation, the techniques used to assess rescue of visual function, the prerequisites for effective transplantation as well as the main roadblocks, including safety and immune response to the graft, that need to be overcome for successful clinical translation of photoreceptor transplantation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Gasparini
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sílvia Llonch
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Borsch
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Leung CS, Yang KY, Li X, Chan VW, Ku M, Waldmann H, Hori S, Tsang JCH, Lo YMD, Lui KO. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that PD-1 mediates immune tolerance by regulating proliferation of regulatory T cells. Genome Med 2018; 10:71. [PMID: 30236153 PMCID: PMC6148788 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported an antigen-specific protocol to induce transplant tolerance and linked suppression to human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived tissues in immunocompetent mice through coreceptor and costimulation blockade. However, the exact mechanisms of acquired immune tolerance in this model have remained unclear. Methods We utilize the NOD.Foxp3hCD2 reporter mouse line and an ablative anti-hCD2 antibody to ask if CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are required for coreceptor and costimulation blockade-induced immune tolerance. We also perform genome-wide single-cell RNA-sequencing to interrogate Treg during immune rejection and tolerance and to indicate possible mechanisms involved in sustaining Treg function. Results We show that Treg are indispensable for tolerance induced by coreceptor and costimulation blockade as depletion of which with an anti-hCD2 antibody resulted in rejection of hESC-derived pancreatic islets in NOD.Foxp3hCD2 mice. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 12,964 intragraft CD4+ T cells derived from rejecting and tolerated grafts reveals that Treg are heterogeneous and functionally distinct in the two outcomes of transplant rejection and tolerance. Treg appear to mainly promote chemotactic and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism during transplant rejection while seeming to harness proliferative and immunosuppressive function during tolerance. We also demonstrate that this form of acquired transplant tolerance is associated with increased proliferation and PD-1 expression by Treg. Blocking PD-1 signaling with a neutralizing anti-PD-1 antibody leads to reduced Treg proliferation and graft rejection. Conclusions Our results suggest that short-term coreceptor and costimulation blockade mediates immune tolerance to hESC-derived pancreatic islets by promoting Treg proliferation through engagement of PD-1. Our findings could give new insights into clinical development of hESC-derived pancreatic tissues, combined with immunotherapies that expand intragraft Treg, as a potentially sustainable alternative treatment for T1D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0581-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry S Leung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vicken W Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manching Ku
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shohei Hori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jason C H Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Ming Dennis Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Nguyen PK, Neofytou E, Rhee JW, Wu JC. Potential Strategies to Address the Major Clinical Barriers Facing Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. JAMA Cardiol 2018; 1:953-962. [PMID: 27579998 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although progress continues to be made in the field of stem cell regenerative medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, significant barriers to clinical implementation still exist. Objectives To summarize the current barriers to the clinical implementation of stem cell therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and to discuss potential strategies to overcome them. Evidence Review Information for this review was obtained through a search of PubMed and the Cochrane database for English-language studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 25, 2016. Ten randomized clinical trials and 8 systematic reviews were included. Findings One of the major clinical barriers facing the routine implementation of stem cell therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease is the limited and inconsistent benefit observed thus far. Reasons for this finding are unclear but may be owing to poor cell retention and survival, as suggested by numerous preclinical studies and a small number of human studies incorporating imaging to determine cell fate. Additional studies in humans using imaging to determine cell fate are needed to understand how these factors contribute to the limited efficacy of stem cell therapy. Treatment strategies to address poor cell retention and survival are under investigation and include the following: coadministration of immunosuppressive and prosurvival agents, delivery of cardioprotective factors packaged in exosomes rather than the cells themselves, and use of tissue-engineering strategies to provide structural support for cells. If larger grafts are achieved using these strategies, it will be imperative to carefully monitor for the potential risks of tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and arrhythmogenicity. Conclusions and Relevance Despite important achievements to date, stem cell therapy is not yet ready for routine clinical implementation. Significant research is still needed to address the clinical barriers outlined herein before the next wave of large clinical trials is under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Nguyen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California3Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California4Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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26
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Leung CS, Li J, Xu F, Wong ASL, Lui KO. Ectopic expression of recipient CD47 inhibits mouse macrophage-mediated immune rejection against human stem cell transplants. FASEB J 2018; 33:484-493. [PMID: 30004796 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Like conventional transplants, immunosuppression is required to facilitate survival and function of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives after implantation into xenogeneic recipients. We have previously reported that T cells alone are sufficient to reject allogeneic murine ESC derivatives; and strategies that inhibit T-cell activation, including coreceptor and costimulation blockade, prevent hESC derivatives from being rejected. This study aimed to investigate, in addition to T cells, whether macrophages contribute to transplant rejection of hESC xenografts with nonobese diabetic (NOD)/SCID mice that lack functional T and B cells but have macrophages. We show that acute rejection against hESC-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) was mediated, to some degree, by infiltrating macrophages that phagocytosed them. Transgenic expression of murine CD47 on cell surface of hESC-ECs mitigates macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and improves their survival after transplantation. Our results highlight that innate immune cells, such as macrophages, can reject hESC derivatives, raising concern against the use of NOD/SCID as transplant recipients for testing in vivo function of hESC-derived tissues. Augmenting CD47 signaling promotes survival and function of hESC derivatives after xenogeneic transplantation.-Leung, C. S., Li, J., Xu, F., Wong, A. S. L., Lui, K. O. Ectopic expression of recipient CD47 inhibits mouse macrophage-mediated immune rejection against human stem cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry S Leung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan S L Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Oikonomopoulos A, Kitani T, Wu JC. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as a Platform for Cell Therapy Applications: Progress and Hurdles for Clinical Translation. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1624-1634. [PMID: 29699941 PMCID: PMC6035734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Regenerative therapy has been applied to restore lost cardiac muscle and cardiac performance. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide an unlimited source of cardiomyocytes and therefore play a key role in cardiac regeneration. Despite initial encouraging results from pre-clinical studies, progress toward clinical applications has been hampered by issues such as tumorigenesis, arrhythmogenesis, immune rejection, scalability, low graft-cell survival, and poor engraftment. Here, we review recent developments in iPSC research on regenerating injured heart tissue, including novel advances in cell therapy and potential strategies to overcome current obstacles in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Oikonomopoulos
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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28
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Duffy C, Prugue C, Glew R, Smith T, Howell C, Choi G, Cook AD. Feasibility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:482-492. [PMID: 29947303 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review of iPSCs to treat T1D provides a current assessment of the challenges and potential for this proposed new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caden Duffy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Cesar Prugue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Rachel Glew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Taryn Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Calvin Howell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Gina Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Alonzo D Cook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
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29
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Doğan A. Embryonic Stem Cells in Development and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1079:1-15. [PMID: 29464659 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After progressive improvement in embryonic stem (ES) cell field, several studies have been conducted to explore the usage of ES cells in regenerative medicine. Unlimited self renewal and pluripoteny properties, combined with encouraging preclinical trials, remark that ES cell technology might be promising for clinical practice. ES cells, which can form three germ layers in vitro, are potential candidates to study development at the cellular and molecular level. Understanding the cell fate decision and differentiation processes during development might enable generating functional progenitor cells for tissue restoration. Progression in gene modifications and tissue engineering technology has facilitated the derivation of desired cells for therapy. Success in differentiation protocols and identification the regulatory pathways simplify the research for clinical applications. Although there are established protocols for cell differentiation in vitro and promising preclinical studies in vivo, many challenges need to be adressed before clinical translation. In this review, ES cells are discussed as a model of development in vitro and as a potential candidate for regenerative medicine. This review also dissusses current challenges for ES cell based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Doğan
- National Cancer Institute, CDBL, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
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30
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Tsilimigras DI, Oikonomou EK, Moris D, Schizas D, Economopoulos KP, Mylonas KS. Stem Cell Therapy for Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. Circulation 2017; 136:2373-2385. [PMID: 29229621 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) constitutes the most prevalent and heterogeneous group of congenital anomalies. Although surgery remains the gold standard treatment modality, stem cell therapy has been gaining ground as a complimentary or alternative treatment option in certain types of CHD. The aim of this study was to present the existing published evidence and ongoing research efforts on the implementation of stem cell-based therapeutic strategies in CHD. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane library, along with reference lists of the included studies through April 23, 2017. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in this review (8 preclinical, 6 clinical, and 5 ongoing trials). Various routes of cardiac stem cell delivery have been reported, including intracoronary, intramyocardial, intravenous, and epicardial. Depending on their origin and level of differentiation at which they are harvested, stem cells may exhibit different properties. Preclinical studies have mostly focused on modeling right ventricle dysfunction or failure and pulmonary artery hypertension by using pressure or volume overload in vitro or in vivo. Only a limited number of clinical trials on patients with CHD exist, and these primarily focus on hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cell-based tissue engineering has recently been introduced, and research currently is focusing on developing cell-seeded grafts and patches that could potentially grow in parallel with whole body growth once implanted in the heart. CONCLUSIONS It seems that stem cell delivery to the diseased heart as an adjunct to surgical palliation may provide some benefits over surgery alone in terms of cardiac function, somatic growth, and quality of life. Despite encouraging preliminary results, stem cell therapies for patients with CHD should only be considered in the setting of well-designed clinical trials. More wet laboratory research experience is needed, and translation of promising findings to large clinical studies is warranted to clearly define the efficacy and safety profile of this alternative and potentially groundbreaking therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- School of Medicine (D.I.T.).,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Surgery Working Group (D.I.T., D.M., D.S., K.P.E)
| | | | - Demetrios Moris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Surgery Working Group (D.I.T., D.M., D.S., K.P.E).,Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus (D.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital (D.S.).,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Surgery Working Group (D.I.T., D.M., D.S., K.P.E)
| | - Konstantinos P Economopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Surgery Working Group (D.I.T., D.M., D.S., K.P.E) .,Organ Engineering and Regeneration Laboratory (K.P.E.)
| | - Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Pediatrics Working Group (K.S.M.).,Department of Pediatric Surgery (K.S.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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31
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Vo D, Nguyen PK. Multimodality molecular imaging in cardiac regenerative therapy. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1803-1809. [PMID: 28185234 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for the repair and regeneration of damaged myocardium. Disappointing results from recent large-scale randomized trials using adult stem cells, however, have led some to question the efficacy of this new therapeutic. Because most clinical stem cell trials have not incorporated molecular imaging to track cell fate, it may be premature to abandon this approach. Herein, we will review how multimodality imaging can be incorporated into cardiac regenerative therapy to facilitate the translation of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Vo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building, S114, Stanford, CA, 94305-5208, USA.
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32
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Lee SJ, Sohn YD, Andukuri A, Kim S, Byun J, Han JW, Park IH, Jun HW, Yoon YS. Enhanced Therapeutic and Long-Term Dynamic Vascularization Effects of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Encapsulated in a Nanomatrix Gel. Circulation 2017; 136:1939-1954. [PMID: 28972000 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) have limited clinical utility because of undefined components in the differentiation system and poor cell survival in vivo. Here, we aimed to develop a fully defined and clinically compatible system to differentiate hPSCs into ECs. Furthermore, we aimed to enhance cell survival, vessel formation, and therapeutic potential by encapsulating hPSC-ECs with a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel. METHODS We induced differentiation of hPSCs into the mesodermal lineage by culturing on collagen-coated plates with a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor. Next, vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were added for endothelial lineage differentiation, followed by sorting for CDH5 (VE-cadherin). We constructed an extracellular matrix-mimicking PA nanomatrix gel (PA-RGDS) by incorporating the cell adhesive ligand Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and a matrix metalloproteinase-2-degradable sequence. We then evaluated whether the encapsulation of hPSC-CDH5+ cells in PA-RGDS could enhance long-term cell survival and vascular regenerative effects in a hind-limb ischemia model with laser Doppler perfusion imaging, bioluminescence imaging, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis. RESULTS The resultant hPSC-derived CDH5+ cells (hPSC-ECs) showed highly enriched and genuine EC characteristics and proangiogenic activities. When injected into ischemic hind limbs, hPSC-ECs showed better perfusion recovery and higher vessel-forming capacity compared with media-, PA-RGDS-, or human umbilical vein EC-injected groups. However, the group receiving the PA-RGDS-encapsulated hPSC-ECs showed better perfusion recovery, more robust and longer cell survival (> 10 months), and higher and prolonged angiogenic and vascular incorporation capabilities than the bare hPSC-EC-injected group. Surprisingly, the engrafted hPSC-ECs demonstrated previously unknown sustained and dynamic vessel-forming behavior: initial perivascular concentration, a guiding role for new vessel formation, and progressive incorporation into the vessels over 10 months. CONCLUSIONS We generated highly enriched hPSC-ECs via a clinically compatible system. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that a biocompatible PA-RGDS nanomatrix gel substantially improved long-term survival of hPSC-ECs in an ischemic environment and improved neovascularization effects of hPSC-ECs via prolonged and unique angiogenic and vessel-forming properties. This PA-RGDS-mediated transplantation of hPSC-ECs can serve as a novel platform for cell-based therapy and investigation of long-term behavior of hPSC-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jeong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.).,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-J.L., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Young-Doug Sohn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Adinarayana Andukuri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Ji Woong Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.)
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (I.-H.P.)
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (H.-W.J.)
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (S.-J.L., Y.-D.S., A.A., S.K., J.B., J.W.H., Y.-S.Y.). .,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (S.-J.L., Y.-S.Y.)
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33
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Precise immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives in clinical application. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:15-23. [PMID: 28866278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) promise a foreseeing future for regeneration medicine and cell replacement therapy with their abilities to produce almost any types of somatic cells of the body. The complicated immunogenicity of hPSC derivatives and context dependent responses in variable transplantations greatly hurdle the practical application of hPSCs in clinic. Especially for applications of hPSCs, induction of immune tolerance at the same time increases the risks of tumorigenesis. Over the past few years, thanks to the progress in immunology and practices in organ transplantation, endeavors on exploring strategies to induce long term protection of allogeneic transplants have shed light on overcoming this barrier. Novel genetic engineering techniques also allow to precisely cradle the immune response of transplantation. Here we reviewed the current understanding on immunogenicity, and efforts have been attempted on inducing immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives, with extra focus on modifying the graft cells. We also glimpse on employing cutting-edge genome editing technologies for this purpose, which will potentially endow hPSC derivatives with the nature of wide spectrum drugs for therapy.
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Chhabra A. Inherent Immunogenicity or Lack Thereof of Pluripotent Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Replacement Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:993. [PMID: 28868053 PMCID: PMC5563324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer opportunities for personalized cell replacement therapeutic approaches due to their unlimited self-renewal potential and ability to differentiate into different somatic cells. A significant progress has been made toward generating iPSC lines that are free of integrating viral vectors, development of xeno-free culture conditions, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into functional somatic cell lineages. Since donor-specific iPSC lines are genetically identical to the individual, they are expected to be immunologically matched and these iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives are not expected to be immunologically rejected. However, studies in mouse models, utilizing rejection of teratomas as a model, have claimed that syngenic iPSC lines, especially the iPSC lines derived with integrating viral vectors, could be inherently immunogenic. This manuscript reviews current understanding of inherent immunogenicity of PSC lines, especially that of the human iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives, and strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCONN Health), Farmington, CT, United States
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35
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and differentiate into all cell types in human body, and therefore hold great potential for cell therapy of currently incurable diseases including neural degenerative diseases, heart failure, and macular degeneration. This potential is further underscored by the promising safety and efficacy data from the ongoing clinical trials of hESC-based therapy of macular degeneration. However, one main challenge for the clinical application of hESC-based therapy is the allogeneic immune rejection of hESC-derived cells by the recipient. The breakthrough of the technology to generate autologous-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by nuclear reprogramming of patient’s somatic cells raised the possibility that autologous iPSC-derived cells can be transplanted into the patients without the concern of immune rejection. However, accumulating data indicate that certain iPSC-derived cells can be immunogenic. In addition, the genomic instability associated with iPSCs raises additional safety concern to use iPSC-derived cells in human cell therapy. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism underlying the immunogenicity of the pluripotent stem cells and recent progress in developing immune tolerance strategies of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived allografts. The successful development of safe and effective immune tolerance strategy will greatly facilitate the clinical development of hPSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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36
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He J, Rong Z, Fu X, Xu Y. A Safety Checkpoint to Eliminate Cancer Risk of the Immune Evasive Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1154-1161. [PMID: 28090751 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise in the regenerative therapy of many currently untreatable human diseases. One of the key bottlenecks is the immune rejection of hESC-derived allografts by the recipient. To overcome this challenge, we have established new approaches to induce immune protection of hESC-derived allografts through the coexpression of immune suppressive molecules CTLA4-Ig and PD-L1. However, this in turn raises a safety concern of cancer risk because these hESC-derived cells can evade immune surveillance. To address this safety concern, we developed a safety checkpoint so that the immune evasive hESC-derived cells in the graft can be effectively eliminated if any cellular transformation is detected. In this context, we knock-in the suicidal gene herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVTK) into the constitutive HPRT locus of CP hESCs (knock-in hESCs expressing CTLA4-Ig and PD-L1), denoted CPTK hESCs. Employing humanized mice (Hu-mice) reconstituted with human immune system, we demonstrated that the CPTK hESC-derived cells are protected from immune rejection. In addition, CPTK hESC-derived cells can be efficiently eliminated in vitro and in vivo with FDA approved TK-targeting drug ganciclovir. Therefore, this new safety checkpoint improves the feasibility to use the immune evasive hESC-derived cells for regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2017;35:1154-1161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin He
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhili Rong
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Hübscher D, Kaiser D, Elsner L, Monecke S, Dressel R, Guan K. The Tumorigenicity of Multipotent Adult Germline Stem Cells Transplanted into the Heart Is Affected by Natural Killer Cells and by Cyclosporine A Independent of Its Immunosuppressive Effects. Front Immunol 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28220117 PMCID: PMC5292627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells represents an upcoming therapy for many degenerative diseases. For clinical use, transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cells should lead to integration of functional grafts without immune rejection or teratoma formation. Our previous studies showed that the risk of teratoma formation is highly influenced by the immune system of the recipients. In this study, we have observed a higher teratoma formation rate when undifferentiated so-called multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs) were transplanted into the heart of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cell-deficient RAG2−/−γc−/− mice than in RAG2−/− mice, which still have NK cells. Notably, in both strains, the teratoma formation rate was significantly reduced by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). Thus, CsA had a profound effect on teratoma formation independent of its immunosuppressive effects. The transplantation into RAG2−/− mice led to an activation of NK cells, which reached the maximum 14 days after transplantation and was not affected by CsA. The in vivo-activated NK cells efficiently killed YAC-1 and also maGSC target cells. This NK cell activation was confirmed in C57BL/6 wild-type mice whether treated with CsA or not. Sham operations in wild-type mice indicated that the inflammatory response to open heart surgery rather than the transplantation of maGSCs activated the NK cell system. An activation of NK cells during the transplantation of stem cell-derived in vitro differentiated grafts might be clinically beneficial by reducing the risk of teratoma formation by residual pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hübscher
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Kaiser
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Shi Y, Inoue H, Wu JC, Yamanaka S. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: a decade of progress. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:115-130. [PMID: 27980341 PMCID: PMC6416143 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 877] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology a decade ago, enormous progress has been made in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Human iPSCs have been widely used for disease modelling, drug discovery and cell therapy development. Novel pathological mechanisms have been elucidated, new drugs originating from iPSC screens are in the pipeline and the first clinical trial using human iPSC-derived products has been initiated. In particular, the combination of human iPSC technology with recent developments in gene editing and 3D organoids makes iPSC-based platforms even more powerful in each area of their application, including precision medicine. In this Review, we discuss the progress in applications of iPSC technology that are particularly relevant to drug discovery and regenerative medicine, and consider the remaining challenges and the emerging opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive, Room G1120B, Stanford, California 94305-5454, USA
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Fairchild PJ, Horton C, Lahiri P, Shanmugarajah K, Davies TJ. Beneath the sword of Damocles: regenerative medicine and the shadow of immunogenicity. Regen Med 2016; 11:817-829. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few topics in regenerative medicine have inspired such impassioned debate as the immunogenicity of cell types and tissues differentiated from pluripotent stem cells. While early predictions suggested that tissues derived from allogeneic sources may evade immune surveillance altogether, the pendulum has since swung to the opposite extreme, with reports that the ectopic expression of a few developmental antigens may prompt rejection, even of tissues differentiated from autologous cell lines. Here we review the evidence on which these contradictory claims are based in order to reach an objective assessment of the likely magnitude of the immunological challenges ahead. Furthermore, we discuss how the inherent properties of pluripotent stem cells may inform strategies for reducing the impact of immunogenicity on the future ambitions of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christopher Horton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Priyoshi Lahiri
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kumaran Shanmugarajah
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Timothy J Davies
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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40
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Bioengineering of injectable encapsulated aggregates of pluripotent stem cells for therapy of myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13306. [PMID: 27786170 PMCID: PMC5095349 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to achieve minimally invasive injectable cell delivery while maintaining high cell retention and animal survival for in vivo stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction. Here we show that pluripotent stem cell aggregates pre-differentiated into the early cardiac lineage and encapsulated in a biocompatible and biodegradable micromatrix, are suitable for injectable delivery. This method significantly improves the survival of the injected cells by more than six-fold compared with the conventional practice of injecting single cells, and effectively prevents teratoma formation. Moreover, this method significantly enhances cardiac function and survival of animals after myocardial infarction, as a result of a localized immunosuppression effect of the micromatrix and the in situ cardiac regeneration by the injected cells. Stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction is hampered by poor survival of injected cells. Here the authors develop injectable aggregates of stem cells differentiated to an early cardiac stage and encapsulated in a biodegradable micromatrix, and show their enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a heart infarction mouse model.
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41
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Bartulos O, Zhuang ZW, Huang Y, Mikush N, Suh C, Bregasi A, Wang L, Chang W, Krause DS, Young LH, Pober JS, Qyang Y. ISL1 cardiovascular progenitor cells for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2016; 1:80920. [PMID: 27525311 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.80920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) expressing the ISL1-LIM-homeodomain transcription factor contribute developmentally to cardiomyocytes in all 4 chambers of the heart. Here, we show that ISL1-CPCs can be applied to myocardial regeneration following injury. We used a rapid 3D methylcellulose approach to form murine and human ISL1-CPC spheroids that engrafted after myocardial infarction in murine hearts, where they differentiated into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, integrating into the myocardium and forming new blood vessels. ISL1-CPC spheroid-treated mice exhibited reduced infarct area and increased blood vessel formation compared with control animals. Moreover, left ventricular (LV) contractile function was significantly better in mice transplanted with ISL1-CPCs 4 weeks after injury than that in control animals. These results provide proof-of-concept of a cardiac repair strategy employing ISL1-CPCs that, based on our previous lineage-tracing studies, are committed to forming heart tissue, in combination with a robust methylcellulose spheroid-based delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bartulos
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center
| | - Zhen Wu Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Nicole Mikush
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Carol Suh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center
| | - Alda Bregasi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Lin Wang
- Yale Stem Cell Center.,Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - William Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology
| | - Diane S Krause
- Yale Stem Cell Center.,Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology.,Pathology
| | - Lawrence H Young
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Pathology.,Immunobiology, and.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center.,Pathology.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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42
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Gui L, Dash BC, Luo J, Qin L, Zhao L, Yamamoto K, Hashimoto T, Wu H, Dardik A, Tellides G, Niklason LE, Qyang Y. Implantable tissue-engineered blood vessels from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 102:120-9. [PMID: 27336184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Derivation of functional vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) holds great potential in treating patients with vascular diseases. Herein, hiPSCs were differentiated into alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin-positive VSMCs, which were seeded onto polymer scaffolds in bioreactors for vascular tissue growth. A functional TEBV with abundant collagenous matrix and sound mechanics resulted, which contained cells largely positive for α-SMA and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Moreover, when hiPSC-derived TEBV segments were implanted into nude rats as abdominal aorta interposition grafts, they remained unruptured and patent with active vascular remodeling, and showed no evidence of teratoma formation during a 2-week proof-of-principle study. Our studies represent the development of the first implantable TEBVs based on hiPSCs, and pave the way for developing autologous or allogeneic grafts for clinical use in patients with vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Biraja C Dash
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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43
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Menasché P, Vanneaux V. Stem cells for the treatment of heart failure. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:97-106. [PMID: 27316393 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is currently tested in several trials of chronic heart failure. The main question is to determine how its implementation could be extended to standard clinical practice. To answer this question, it is helpful to capitalize on the three main lessons drawn from the accumulated experience, both in the laboratory and in the clinics. Regarding the cell type, the best outcomes seem to be achieved by cells the phenotype of which closely matches that of the target tissue. This argues in favor of the use of cardiac-committed cells among which the pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progeny is particularly attractive. Regarding the mechanism of action, there has been a major paradigm shift whereby cells are no longer expected to structurally integrate within the recipient myocardium but rather to release biomolecules that foster endogenous repair processes. This implies to focus on early cell retention, rather than on sustained cell survival, so that the cells reside in the target tissue long enough and in sufficient amounts to deliver the factors underpinning their action. Biomaterials are here critical adjuncts to optimize this residency time. Furthermore, the paracrine hypothesis gives more flexibility for using allogeneic cells in that targeting an only transient engraftment requires to delay, and no longer to avoid, rejection, which, in turn, should simplify immunomodulation regimens. Regarding manufacturing, a broad dissemination of cardiac cell therapy requires the development of automated systems allowing to yield highly reproducible cell products. This further emphasizes the interest of allogeneic cells because of their suitability for industrially-relevant and cost-effective scale-up and quality control procedures. At the end, definite confirmation that the effects of cells can be recapitulated by the factors they secrete could lead to acellular therapies whereby factors alone (possibly clustered in extracellular vesicles) would be delivered to the patient. The production process of these cell-derived biologics would then be closer to that of a pharmaceutical compound, which could streamline the manufacturing and regulatory paths and thereby facilitate an expended clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; INSERM U 970, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - V Vanneaux
- INSERM UMR1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité de thérapie cellulaire et CIC de Biothérapies, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France
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44
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Ebert AD, Diecke S, Chen IY, Wu JC. Reprogramming and transdifferentiation for cardiovascular development and regenerative medicine: where do we stand? EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1090-103. [PMID: 26183451 PMCID: PMC4568945 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201504395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality and a major worldwide healthcare burden. Recent advances in stem cell biology have made it feasible to derive large quantities of cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. The discoveries of reprogramming and transdifferentiation as novel biological processes have significantly contributed to this paradigm. This review surveys the means by which reprogramming and transdifferentiation can be employed to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The application of these patient-specific cardiomyocytes for both in vitro disease modeling and in vivo therapies for various cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed. We propose that, with additional refinement, human disease-specific cardiomyocytes will allow us to significantly advance the understanding of cardiovascular disease mechanisms and accelerate the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian Y Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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45
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Calderon D, Prot M, You S, Marquet C, Bellamy V, Bruneval P, Valette F, de Almeida P, Wu JC, Pucéat M, Menasché P, Chatenoud L. Control of Immune Response to Allogeneic Embryonic Stem Cells by CD3 Antibody-Mediated Operational Tolerance Induction. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:454-67. [PMID: 26492394 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their differentiated derivatives into allogeneic hosts triggers an immune response that represents a hurdle to clinical application. We established in autoimmunity and in transplantation that CD3 antibody therapy induces a state of immune tolerance. Promising results have been obtained with CD3 antibodies in the clinic. In this study, we tested whether this strategy can prolong the survival of undifferentiated ESCs and their differentiated derivatives in histoincompatible hosts. Recipients of either mouse ESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) or cardiac progenitors received a single short tolerogenic regimen of CD3 antibody. In immunocompetent mice, allogeneic EBs and cardiac progenitors were rejected within 20-25 days. Recipients treated with CD3 antibody showed long-term survival of implanted cardiac progenitors or EBs. In due course, EBs became teratomas, the growth of which was self-limited. Regulatory CD4(+)FoxP3(+) T cells and signaling through the PD1/PDL1 pathway played key roles in the CD3 antibody therapeutic effect. Gene profiling emphasized the importance of TGF-β and the inhibitory T cell coreceptor Tim3 to the observed effect. These results demonstrate that CD3 antibody administered alone promotes prolonged survival of allogeneic ESC derivatives and thus could prove useful for enhancing cell engraftment in the absence of chronic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Calderon
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - M Prot
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - S You
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - C Marquet
- INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - V Bellamy
- INSERM U970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - P Bruneval
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Pathology, Paris, France
| | - F Valette
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - P de Almeida
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - J C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford, CA
| | - M Pucéat
- INSERM UMR-S910 Team Physiopathology of Cardiac Development, Aix-Marseille University, Medical School La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - P Menasché
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Paris, France
| | - L Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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46
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Haworth R, Sharpe M. The issue of immunology in stem cell therapies: a pharmaceutical perspective. Regen Med 2016; 10:231-4. [PMID: 25933230 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cautious approaches in the clinic are currently proposed, supported by relevant in vitro, in vivo and published data. Key to developing our understanding of the risks of immune rejection of stem cell based therapies will be the inclusion of immunological endpoints in clinical trials and the sharing of data. There is likely not a one-size-fits all strategy but one dependent on cell therapy, mode of action and disease indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Haworth
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Herts., SG12 0DP, UK
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47
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Kawamura A, Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Kawamura T, Kashiyama N, Ito E, Watabe T, Masuda S, Toda K, Hatazawa J, Morii E, Sawa Y. Teratocarcinomas Arising from Allogeneic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Tissue Constructs Provoked Host Immune Rejection in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19464. [PMID: 26763872 PMCID: PMC4725880 DOI: 10.1038/srep19464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue constructs is a promising regenerative treatment for cardiac failure: however, its tumourigenic potential is concerning. We hypothesised that the tumourigenic potential may be eliminated by the host immune response after allogeneic cell transplantation. Scaffold-free iPSC-derived cardaic tissue sheets of C57BL/6 mouse origin were transplanted into the cardiac surface of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and allogeneic BALB/c mice with or without tacrolimus injection. Syngeneic mice and tacrolimus-injected immunosuppressed allogeneic mice formed teratocarcinomas with identical phenotypes, characteristic, and time courses, as assessed by imaging tools including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. In contrast, temporarily immunosuppressed allogeneic mice, following cessation of tacrolimus injection displayed diminished progression of the teratocarcinoma, accompanied by an accumulation of CD4/CD8-positive T cells, and finally achieved complete elimination of the teratocarcinoma. Our results indicated that malignant teratocarcinomas arising from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissue constructs provoked T cell-related host immune rejection to arrest tumour growth in murine allogeneic transplantation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kawamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kashiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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48
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Funakoshi S, Miki K, Takaki T, Okubo C, Hatani T, Chonabayashi K, Nishikawa M, Takei I, Oishi A, Narita M, Hoshijima M, Kimura T, Yamanaka S, Yoshida Y. Enhanced engraftment, proliferation, and therapeutic potential in heart using optimized human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19111. [PMID: 26743035 PMCID: PMC4705488 DOI: 10.1038/srep19111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a promising tool for cardiac cell therapy. Although transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CMs have been reported in several animal models, the treatment effect was limited, probably due to poor optimization of the injected cells. To optimize graft cells for cardiac reconstruction, we compared the engraftment efficiency of intramyocardially-injected undifferentiated-iPSCs, day 4 mesodermal cells, and day 8, day 20, and day 30 purified iPSC-CMs after initial differentiation by tracing the engraftment ratio (ER) using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. This analysis revealed the ER of day 20 CMs was significantly higher compared to other cells. Transplantation of day 20 CMs into the infarcted hearts of immunodeficient mice showed good engraftment, and echocardiography showed significant functional improvement by cell therapy. Moreover, the imaging signal and ratio of Ki67-positive CMs at 3 months post injection indicated engrafted CMs proliferated in the host heart. Although this graft growth reached a plateau at 3 months, histological analysis confirmed progressive maturation from 3 to 6 months. These results suggested that day 20 CMs had very high engraftment, proliferation, and therapeutic potential in host mouse hearts. They also demonstrate this model can be used to track the fate of transplanted cells over a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Miki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatani
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikue Takei
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Oishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hoshijima
- Center for Research in Biological Systems and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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49
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Gouadon E, Moore-Morris T, Smit NW, Chatenoud L, Coronel R, Harding SE, Jourdon P, Lambert V, Rucker-Martin C, Pucéat M. Concise Review: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells, A Promising Cell Source for Therapy of Heart Failure: Where Do We Stand? Stem Cells 2016; 34:34-43. [PMID: 26352327 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is still a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in developed countries. Many clinical trials have tested the use of multipotent stem cells as a cardiac regenerative medicine. The benefit for the patients of this therapeutic intervention has remained limited. Herein, we review the pluripotent stem cells as a cell source for cardiac regeneration. We more specifically address the various challenges of this cell therapy approach. We question the cell delivery systems, the immune tolerance of allogenic cells, the potential proarrhythmic effects, various drug mediated interventions to facilitate cell grafting and, finally, we describe the pathological conditions that may benefit from such an innovative approach. As members of a transatlantic consortium of excellence of basic science researchers and clinicians, we propose some guidelines to be applied to cell types and modes of delivery in order to translate pluripotent stem cell cardiac derivatives into safe and effective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Gouadon
- INSERM UMR-S999, LabEx LERMIT, IPSIT Centre Chirurgical Marie Lanelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicoline W Smit
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philippe Jourdon
- INSERM UMR-S999, LabEx LERMIT, IPSIT Centre Chirurgical Marie Lanelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambert
- INSERM UMR-S999, LabEx LERMIT, IPSIT Centre Chirurgical Marie Lanelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Rucker-Martin
- INSERM UMR-S999, LabEx LERMIT, IPSIT Centre Chirurgical Marie Lanelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- INSERM GMGF, a UMRS_910, Université Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
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50
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Understanding Stem Cell Immunogenicity in Therapeutic Applications. Trends Immunol 2015; 37:5-16. [PMID: 26687737 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their differentiated progeny offer great hope for treating disease by providing an unlimited source of cells for repairing or replacing damaged tissue. Initial studies suggested that, unlike 'normal' transplants, specific characteristics of stem cells enabled them to avoid immune attack. However, recent findings have revealed that the immunogenicity of stem cells may have been underestimated. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of immune recognition associated with stem cell immunogenicity, and discuss the relevance of reprogramming and differentiation strategies used to generate cells or tissue from stem cells for implantation in eliciting an immune response. We examine the effectiveness of current strategies for minimising immune attack in light of our experience in the transplantation field and, in this context, outline important challenges moving forward.
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