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Haidar S, Amesty Á, Oramas-Royo S, Götz C, El-Awaad E, Kaiser J, Bödecker S, Arnold A, Aichele D, Amaro-Luis JM, Estévez-Braun A, Jose J. 1,2,3-Triazole-totarol conjugates as potent PIP5K1α lipid kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117727. [PMID: 38669736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The human phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I α (hPIP5K1α) plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer. In this work, seventeen derivatives of the natural diterpene totarol were prepared by copper(I)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the correspondingO-propargylated totarol with aryl or alkyl azides and screened for their inhibitory activities toward hPIP5K1α. Five compounds, 3a, 3e, 3f, 3i, and 3r, strongly inhibited the enzyme activity with IC50 values of 1.44, 0.46, 1.02, 0.79, and 3.65 µM, respectively, with the most potent inhibitor 3e 13-[(1-(3-nitrophenyl)triazol-4yl)methoxy]-totara-8,11,13-triene). These compounds were evaluated on their antiproliferative effects in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines. Compound 3r inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 cells at 20 µM, strongly, but also has strong cytotoxic effects on all tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Haidar
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; Faculty of Pharmacy, 17 April Street, Damascus University, Damascus 9411, Syria
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sandra Oramas-Royo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Claudia Götz
- Universität des Saarlandes - Campus Homburg, Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 44, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ehab El-Awaad
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, 71515 Egypt
| | - Jana Kaiser
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Bödecker
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Amelie Arnold
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Aichele
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Juan M Amaro-Luis
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universidad de los Andes (Mérida), 5101, Venezuela
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Joachim Jose
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Sasikumar DSN, Thiruselvam P, Sundararajan V, Ravindran R, Gunasekaran S, Madathil D, Kaliamurthi S, Peslherbe GH, Selvaraj G, Sudhakaran SL. Insights into dietary phytochemicals targeting Parkinson's disease key genes and pathways: A network pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108195. [PMID: 38460310 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disease associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress is a key player in instigating apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. To improve the survival of neurons many dietary phytochemicals have gathered significant attention recently. Thus, the present study implements a comprehensive network pharmacology approach to unravel the mechanisms of action of dietary phytochemicals that benefit disease management. A literature search was performed to identify ligands (i.e., comprising dietary phytochemicals and Food and Drug Administration pre-approved PD drugs) in the PubMed database. Targets associated with selected ligands were extracted from the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) database. Then, the construction of a gene-gene interaction (GGI) network, analysis of hub-gene, functional and pathway enrichment, associated transcription factors, miRNAs, ligand-target interaction network, docking were performed using various bioinformatics tools together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The database search resulted in 69 ligands and 144 unique targets. GGI and subsequent topological measures indicate histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2, and CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) as hub genes. Neurodegeneration, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, and zinc binding are key pathways and gene ontology terms. hsa-miR-5692a and SCNA gene-associated transcription factors interact with all the 3 hub genes. Ligand-target interaction (LTI) network analysis suggest rasagiline and baicalein as candidate ligands targeting MAPK1. Rasagiline and baicalein form stable complexes with the Y205, K330, and V173 residues of MAPK1. Computational molecular insights suggest that baicalein and rasagiline are promising preclinical candidates for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Soorya Narayana Sasikumar
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Premkumar Thiruselvam
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Radhika Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras), Chennai, TN, 600036, India
| | - Shoba Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, TN, 600106, India
| | - Deepa Madathil
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences, O.P Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India
| | - Satyavani Kaliamurthi
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gilles H Peslherbe
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Loyola Campus, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) University, Chennai, TN, 600077, India.
| | - Sajitha Lulu Sudhakaran
- Integrative Multiomics Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India.
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Yücel Yücel Y, Servi H, Polatoğlu K, Nalbantsoy A. Anthemis tricolor Containing Unusual Totarol with Cytotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300913. [PMID: 38116908 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthemis tricolor is an endemic species of Cyprus, and there is very limited information on its chemistry and pharmacological activities. The study aims to identify the in-vitro cytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of Anthemis tricolor. The compounds responsible for the activities were also identified. Potent extracts of A. tricolor were subjected to preparative isolation and spectral structure determination studies. The chloroform extract contained many components, and due to the small quantity of extract available, enough pure compound(s) cannot be obtained for structure determination studies, though the n-hexane extract afforded two known compounds, totarol (1) and taraxasterol (2). The structures of the compounds (1 and 2) were determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR experiments. The pure compounds were also tested for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. For compound 1, the IC50 value was found to be 87.88 μg/mL. However, no inhibition was seen for 2. Anthemis tricolor was established to be a valuable source of pharmacologically active compounds and requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Yücel Yücel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Servi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyıl University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kaan Polatoğlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Larit F, León F. Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3860. [PMID: 38005756 PMCID: PMC10674704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 plant species belonging to 69 genera and spanning 38 distinct botanical families used as remedies to treat various psychological and neurological conditions. Their traditional uses and methods of preparation, along with their phytochemical composition, main bioactive constituents, and toxicity were noted. Therefore, this review provides a new resource of information on Algerian medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of neurological and psychological diseases, which can be useful not only for the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge, but also for conducting future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Larit
- Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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Deng X, Chu W, Zhang H, Peng Y. Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction for Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3885-3896. [PMID: 37728817 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. As a novel form of cell death, ferroptosis is an important mechanism of ischemic stroke. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the primary regulator of cellular antioxidant response. In addition to alleviating ischemic stroke nerve damage by reducing oxidative stress, Nrf2 regulates genes associated with ferroptosis, suggesting that Nrf2 may inhibit ferroptosis after ischemic stroke. However, the specific pathway of Nrf2 on ferroptosis in the field of ischemic stroke remains unclear. Therefore, this paper provides a concise overview of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, with a particular focus on the regulatory role of Nrf2. The discussion highlights the potential connections between Nrf2 and the mitigation of oxidative stress, regulation of iron metabolism, modulation of the interplay between ferroptosis and inflammation, as well as apoptosis. This paper focuses on the specific pathway of Nrf2 regulation of ferroptosis after ischemic stroke, providing scientific research ideas for further research on the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Deng
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenming Chu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongjun Peng
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Li W, Shao C, Li C, Zhou H, Yu L, Yang J, Wan H, He Y. Metabolomics: A useful tool for ischemic stroke research. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:968-983. [PMID: 37842657 PMCID: PMC10568109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease. Despite years of studies, effective strategies for the diagnosis, management and treatment of stroke are still lacking in clinical practice. Metabolomics is a growing field in systems biology. It is starting to show promise in the identification of biomarkers and in the use of pharmacometabolomics to help patients with certain disorders choose their course of treatment. The development of metabolomics has enabled further and more biological applications. Particularly, metabolomics is increasingly being used to diagnose diseases, discover new drug targets, elucidate mechanisms, and monitor therapeutic outcomes and its potential effect on precision medicine. In this review, we reviewed some recent advances in the study of metabolomics as well as how metabolomics might be used to identify novel biomarkers and understand the mechanisms of IS. Then, the use of metabolomics approaches to investigate the molecular processes and active ingredients of Chinese herbal formulations with anti-IS capabilities is summarized. We finally summarized recent developments in single cell metabolomics for exploring the metabolic profiles of single cells. Although the field is relatively young, the development of single cell metabolomics promises to provide a powerful tool for unraveling the pathogenesis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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Deng Z, Sheng F, Yang SY, Liu Y, Zou L, Zhang LL. A comprehensive review on the medicinal usage of Podocarpus species: Phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116401. [PMID: 36965543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the Podocarpus species belong to the Podocarpaceae family and are largely distributed in the southern hemisphere. Beside the commercially and ecologically valuable, plants of the Podocarpus species are also used in traditional medicines in some countries for treating asthma, fever, venereal diseases, eye diseases, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: In recent decades, the identities and pharmacological activities of phytochemicals extracted from Podocarpus plants have been widely studied. However, there have been no comprehensive and systematic reviews. This article aims to systematically review the latest research on the putative mechanisms underlying pharmacological actions of phytochemicals from the Podocarpus species, as well as to lay a foundation for promoting the development of plant resources from this genus, further drug research, and product development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier and CNKI databases was conducted using the keywords "Podocarpus", "traditional usage", "phytochemistry", "pharmacology", "nagilactone", etc. Related papers published among July 1964 to February 2023 were collected to summarize the research progress. All plant names were determined through the "The Plant List" (http://www.theplantlist.org/). RESULTS To date, 262 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from 26 Podocarpus plants; among these, norditerpene bilactone is the main pharmacologically active component. Norditerpene bilactones are reported to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, neuroprotective, anti-plasmodial, anti-mutagenic, and anti-atherosclerotic properties as well as other pharmacological activities, which support its traditional uses. CONCLUSION Extensive studies on phytochemistry and pharmacology of Podocarpus species lead to discovery of a series of hopeful leading compounds with unique chemical structure, especially the nor- and bis-norditerpenoid dilactones with four isoprene units. These compounds have been proved to possess various pharmacological activities. This review will provide a reference for further research and promote the idea of combining modern research with traditional medicinal applications of Podocarpus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Levetiracetam in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030848. [PMID: 36979827 PMCID: PMC10045287 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which it has been shown that the presence of oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in epileptogenesis. The literature has shown that some antiseizure drugs (ASD) have neuroprotective properties. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a drug commonly used as an ASD, and in some studies, it has been found to possess antioxidant properties. Because the antioxidant effects of LEV have not been demonstrated in the chronic phase of epilepsy, the objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of LEV on the oxidant–antioxidant status in the hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The in vitro scavenging capacity of LEV was evaluated. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased catalase (CAT) activity, but did not change glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and significantly decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in comparison with epileptic rats. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but did not change lipoperoxidation and carbonylated protein levels in comparison with epileptic rats. In addition, LEV showed in vitro scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical (HO•). LEV showed significant antioxidant effects in relation to restoring the redox balance in the hippocampus of rats with TLE. In vitro, LEV demonstrated direct antioxidant activity against HO•.
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Xu Y, Wen K, Liu A, Wang X, Xu H, Wen H. Efficacy of curculigoside in protecting against ischemic brain injury through regulation of oxidative stress and NF-κB and PI3K/Akt expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115804. [PMID: 36228892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ancient Chinese medicine book "Huangdi Neijing" reports that "the brain is the sea of marrow" and that the kidney "mainly induces bones to produce marrow". Therefore, Chinese medicine has a "kidney-brain axis" theory, but supporting evidence is lacking. In this study, curculigoside, the main component of the kidney-tonifying drug Rhizoma Curculiginis, was used to explore whether a kidney-tonifying drug could regulate the pathological state of the brain. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the efficacy of curculigoside in protecting against ischemic brain injury (IBI) through the regulation of oxidative stress and NF-κB and PI3K/Akt expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce IBI in rats, and curculigoside was administered. The degree of IBI, morphological changes and severity of nerve injury (using neurological severity scores; NSSs) in the rats were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NF-κB, PI3K and Akt levels. RESULTS Curculigoside significantly alleviated behavioral deficits and reduced the degree of cerebral ischemia in the rats. After curculigoside treatment, the levels of H2O2, NO, MDA, NOS, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NF-κB in the ischemic area of the brain were significantly reduced. The activities of CAT, SOD, PI3K and Akt were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Curculigoside is a potentially effective drug for the treatment of IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Kuo Wen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Hongcheng Community Health Service Center, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin, 130028, China
| | - Xinna Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hongjuan Wen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Liu A, Hu J, Yeh TS, Wang C, Tang J, Huang X, Chen B, Huangfu L, Yu W, Zhang L. Neuroprotective Strategies for Stroke by Natural Products: Advances and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2283-2309. [PMID: 37458258 PMCID: PMC10556387 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230717144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence. Its management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. Both therapeutic strategies reduce disability, but the therapy time window is short, and the risk of bleeding is high. Natural products (NPs) have played a key role in drug discovery, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. However, they have made little progress in clinical translation and pose challenges to the treatment of stroke. Recently, with the investigation of precise mechanisms in cerebral ischemic stroke and the technological development of NP-based drug discovery, NPs are addressing these challenges and opening up new opportunities in cerebral stroke. Thus, in this review, we first summarize the structure and function of diverse NPs, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, lactones, quinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Then we propose the comprehensive neuroprotective mechanism of NPs in cerebral ischemic stroke, which involves complex cascade processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis or ferroptosis-related cell death, inflammatory response, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Overall, we stress the neuroprotective effect of NPs and their mechanism on cerebral ischemic stroke for a better understanding of the advances and perspective in NPs application that may provide a rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic regimens in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tzu-Shao Yeh
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jilong Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liexiang Huangfu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weili Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Insights into the Explicit Protective Activity of Herbals in Management of Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154970. [PMID: 35956919 PMCID: PMC9370592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The longstanding progressive neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system arise mainly due to deterioration, degradation and eventual neuronal cell loss. As an individual ages, the irreversible neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging also begin to develop, and these have become exceedingly prominent and pose a significant burden mentally, socially and economically on both the individual and their family. These disorders express several symptoms, such as tremors, dystonia, loss of cognitive functions, impairment of motor activity leading to immobility, loss of memory and many more which worsen with time. The treatment employed in management of these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (which mainly involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region), Alzheimer’s disease (which arises due to accumulation of Tau proteins causing diffusive atrophy in the brain), Huntington’s disease (which involves damage of striatal and spinal neurons, etc.), have several adverse effects, leading to exploration of several lead targets and molecules existing in herbal drugs. The current review highlights the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke and depression.
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Surekha C, Srikanth R, Thupurani MK, Neelapu NRR, Peddireddy V. Antimicrobial Activities of Salacia oblonga Wall Leaf and Root Extracts Against Different Bacterial Strains and Fungal Isolates. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:204. [PMID: 35612657 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the hazardous nature of synthetic drugs is threatening issue in the health sector. The alternative for this problem is to focus on plants that attribute to various compounds that exhibit therapeutic properties. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Salacia oblonga leaf and root extracts against tested human pathogens. The S. oblonga extracts showed a significant zone of inhibition against bacteria and fungi. The leaf and root extracts of S. oblonga are prepared using low polar to high polar solvents in the Soxhlet apparatus and tested on the selected bacterial and fungal strains. Agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods evaluate antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of extracts. Among the extracts tested, the ethyl acetate extract of root showed more antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. The most susceptible bacterial and fungal species against ethyl acetate extract are Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Microsporum gypseum. The MIC for bacteria ranged from 13.0 to > 200 µg/ml, whereas for fungi, the MIC ranged from 25.9 to > 200 µg/ml. Ethyl acetate extract of root with 100 µg/ml concentration showed 29.1 mm and 28.7 mm zone of inhibition against bacterial strains M. luteus and M. tuberculosis, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of root with a 100 µg/ml concentration showed 15.8, 15.2, and 15.6 mm zone of inhibition against fungal isolates M. canis, T. interdigitale, and M. gypseum, respectively. The activity of root and leaf extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and further, the compounds isolated from the crude extracts of leaf and root showed antimicrobial activity. Structural elucidation of isolated compounds Lambertic acid and Ferruginol was done using NMR spectroscopy. Reports indicate that Lambertic acid was isolated previously, but the isolation of hydroxy Ferruginol from S. oblonga leaf extract was reported unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Challa Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
| | - Racha Srikanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Murali Krishna Thupurani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Vidyullatha Peddireddy
- Department of Microbiology and Food Science & Technology, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), 530045, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary & Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:147-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Farina M, Vieira LE, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5001. [PMID: 34443584 PMCID: PMC8399750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo Eugênio Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Fakhri S, Iranpanah A, Gravandi MM, Moradi SZ, Ranjbari M, Majnooni MB, Echeverría J, Qi Y, Wang M, Liao P, Farzaei MH, Xiao J. Natural products attenuate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway: A promising strategy in regulating neurodegeneration. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 91:153664. [PMID: 34391082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As common, progressive, and chronic causes of disability and death, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) significantly threaten human health, while no effective treatment is available. Given the engagement of multiple dysregulated pathways in neurodegeneration, there is an imperative need to target the axis and provide effective/multi-target agents to tackle neurodegeneration. Recent studies have revealed the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in some diseases and natural products with therapeutic potentials. PURPOSE This is the first systematic and comprehensive review on the role of plant-derived secondary metabolites in managing and/or treating various neuronal disorders via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic and comprehensive review was done based on the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases. Two independent investigators followed the PRISMA guidelines and included papers on PI3K/Akt/mTOR and interconnected pathways/mediators targeted by phytochemicals in NDDs. RESULTS Natural products are multi-target agents with diverse pharmacological and biological activities and rich sources for discovering and developing novel therapeutic agents. Accordingly, recent studies have shown increasing phytochemicals in combating Alzheimer's disease, aging, Parkinson's disease, brain/spinal cord damages, depression, and other neuronal-associated dysfunctions. Amongst the emerging targets in neurodegeneration, PI3K/Akt/mTOR is of great importance. Therefore, attenuation of these mediators would be a great step towards neuroprotection in such NDDs. CONCLUSION The application of plant-derived secondary metabolites in managing and/or treating various neuronal disorders through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a promising strategy towards neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ranjbari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yaping Qi
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Cho DY, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6680935. [PMID: 34122727 PMCID: PMC8169248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative chronic disease affecting both cognitive performance and motor functions in aged people. Yet despite the prevalence of this disease, the current therapeutic options for the management of PD can only alleviate motor symptoms. Research has explored novel substances for naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with potential therapeutic benefits for PD patients through their neuroprotective mechanism, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotrophic factor deficit, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with neuroprotective or therapeutic activities in PD, focusing on their neuropharmacological mechanisms, including modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, growth factor induction, neurotransmitter activity, direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, prevention of protein aggregation via modulation of protein folding, modification of cell signaling pathways, enhanced systemic immunity, autophagy, and proteasome activity. In addition, we provide data showing the relationship between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PD is supported by studies demonstrating that antiparkinsonian phytochemicals can activate the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and Nrf2-dependent protein expression, preventing cellular oxidative damage and PD. Furthermore, we explore several experimental models that evaluated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidant phytochemical derivatives for their inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the nanodelivery of antioxidant phytochemicals and its neuroprotective application against pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. In conclusion, naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals can be considered as future pharmaceutical drug candidates to potentially alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of PD. However, further well-designed clinical studies are required to evaluate the protective and therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals as promising drugs in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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18
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Tao T, Liu M, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu T, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Zhang JH. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hao T, Yang Y, Li N, Mi Y, Zhang G, Song J, Liang Y, Xiao J, Zhou D, He D, Hou Y. Inflammatory mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with treatment of stepharine in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153353. [PMID: 33007731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that microglia-induced neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Stepharine, one of the alkaloids extracted from Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers, exhibited strong inhibitory effect on microglial overactivation. However, it is not known whether it has the potential to prevent ischemic stroke. METHODS The neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of stepharine were investigated in vivo and in vitro, using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, respectively. RESULTS In vivo, stepharine (500 μg/kg) suppressed neurological deficits scores, brain water content and cerebral infarct volume induced by MCAO. Moreover, stepharine (500 μg/kg) inhibited NeuN+ cells loss and Iba-1+ cells increase in the MCAO ischemic cortex. In vitro, stepharine (10, 30 μM) substantially inhibited nitric oxide release as well as the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β] in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. LPS-induced increase of TLR4 expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was inhibited by stepharine (10, 30 μM). Molecular docking analysis showed that stepharine directly interacted with TLR4. SPR assay further confirmed that stepharine could bind to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Meanwhile, stepharine exhibited neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells cultured with LPS-treated conditioned medium. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that stepharine improved the outcomes in MCAO rats, reduced neuronal loss, and suppressed microglial overactivation via the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that stepharine might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Junyu Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dakuo He
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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21
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Activation of Nrf2 by Natural Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144875. [PMID: 32664226 PMCID: PMC7402299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathological subtypes of stroke are ischemic stroke, the most frequent, and hemorrhagic stroke. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates redox homeostasis. In stress conditions, Nrf2 translocates inside the nucleus and induces the transcription of enzymes involved in counteracting oxidative stress, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, regulators of inflammation, and others. Different natural compounds, including food and plant-derived components, were shown to be able to activate Nrf2, mediating an antioxidant response. Some of these compounds were tested in stroke experimental models showing several beneficial actions. In this review, we focused on the studies that evidenced the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in stroke experimental models through the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, different natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response associated with the beneficial effects against stroke. According to several studies, the combination of different bioactive compounds can lead to a better neuroprotection. In conclusion, natural bioactive compounds may represent new therapeutic strategies against stroke.
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Hannan MA, Dash R, Sohag AAM, Haque MN, Moon IS. Neuroprotection Against Oxidative Stress: Phytochemicals Targeting TrkB Signaling and the Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32714148 PMCID: PMC7346762 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several brain-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke, which are the major causes of dementia. The Nrf2-ARE (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element antioxidant) system, the primary cellular defense against OS, plays an essential role in neuroprotection by regulating the expressions of antioxidant molecules and enzymes. However, simultaneous events resulting in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deregulation of the Nrf2-ARE system damage essential cell components and cause loss of neuron structural and functional integrity. On the other hand, TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B) signaling, a classical neurotrophin signaling pathway, regulates neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, which play pivotal roles in memory and cognition. Also, TrkB signaling, specifically the TrkB/PI3K/Akt (TrkB/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B) pathway promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and thus, confers neuroprotection against OS. However, the TrkB signaling pathway is also known to be downregulated in brain disorders due to lack of neurotrophin support. Therefore, activations of TrkB and the Nrf2-ARE signaling system offer a potential approach to the design of novel therapeutic agents for brain disorders. Here, we briefly overview the development of OS and the association between OS and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. We propose the cellular antioxidant defense and TrkB signaling-mediated cell survival systems be considered pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and review the literature on the neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals that can co-activate these neuronal defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2020The transcription factor NRF2 is one of the body's major defense mechanisms, driving transcription of >300 antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated genes that are involved in many critical cellular processes including redox regulation, proteostasis, xenobiotic detoxification, and primary metabolism. The transcription factor NRF2 and natural products have an intimately entwined history, as the discovery of NRF2 and much of its rich biology were revealed using natural products both intentionally and unintentionally. In addition, in the last decade a more sinister aspect of NRF2 biology has been revealed. NRF2 is normally present at very low cellular levels and only activated when needed, however, it has been recently revealed that chronic, high levels of NRF2 can lead to diseases such as diabetes and cancer, and may play a role in other diseases. Again, this "dark side" of NRF2 was revealed and studied largely using a natural product, the quassinoid, brusatol. In the present review, we provide an overview of NRF2 structure and function to orient the general reader, we will discuss the history of NRF2 and NRF2-activating compounds and the biology these have revealed, and we will delve into the dark side of NRF2 and contemporary issues related to the dark side biology and the role of natural products in dissecting this biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Tong Y, Elkin KB, Peng C, Shen J, Li F, Guan L, Ji Y, Wei W, Geng X, Ding Y. Reduced Apoptotic Injury by Phenothiazine in Ischemic Stroke through the NOX-Akt/PKC Pathway. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120378. [PMID: 31847503 PMCID: PMC6955743 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenothiazine treatment has been shown to reduce post-stroke ischemic injury, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to confirm the neuroprotective effects of phenothiazines and to explore the role of the NOX (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase)/Akt/PKC (protein kinase C) pathway in cerebral apoptosis. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and were randomly divided into 3 different cohorts: (1) saline, (2) 8 mg/kg chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P), and (3) 8 mg/kg C+P as well as apocynin (NOX inhibitor). Brain infarct volumes were examined, and cell death/NOX activity was determined by assays. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression of kinase C-δ (PKC-δ), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Bax, Bcl-XL, and uncleaved/cleaved caspase-3. Both C+P and C+P/NOX inhibitor administration yielded a significant reduction in infarct volumes and cell death, while the C+P/NOX inhibitor did not confer further reduction. In both treatment groups, anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL protein expression generally increased, while pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 proteins generally decreased. PKC protein expression was decreased in both treatment groups, demonstrating a further decrease by C+P/NOX inhibitor at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The present study confirms C+P-mediated neuroprotection and suggests that the NOX/Akt/PKC pathway is a potential target for efficacious therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Tong
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Kenneth B. Elkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Jiamei Shen
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Fengwu Li
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Longfei Guan
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; (Y.T.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (L.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Clinical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-183-1105-5270
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.B.E.); (C.P.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 4820, USA; (Y.J.); (W.W.)
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Lin SP, Tu C, Huang W, Wu Y, Lin PY, Ye S, Long Y, Xu W, Chen S, Wen YS, Ou Y, Li X, Chen XH. Acute-phase serum superoxide dismutase level as a predictive biomarker for stroke-associated infection. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:186-192. [PMID: 31696761 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1667790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Oxidative stress is involved in the development of infections. However, whether oxidative stress indicators can be used as markers of stroke-associated infection (SAI) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the predictive values of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels for SAI incidence.Methods: A total of 45 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were admitted to our hospital were enrolled. A prospective study was carried out to observe the occurrence of SAI during the first 7 days after stroke. Accordingly, the patients were divided into SAI and non-SAI groups. The relationship between SOD and MDA serum levels and SAI was analyzed.Results: The patients in the SAI group had significantly higher serum SOD levels than those in the non-SAI group (41.638 ± 3.428 U/ml vs. 36.542 ± 9.114 U/ml, p = 0.033). However, there were no significant differences in MDA levels between the SAI and non-SAI group (p > 0.05). The discriminating ability of serum SOD level for SAI was measured using an ROC curve. Serum level of SOD >38.16 U/ml was useful in diagnosing SAI with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 61%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the group with serum SOD level >38.16 U/ml had higher rates of SAI incidence (χ2 = 9.688, p = 0.002; log rank test). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis indicated that a serum SOD level >38.16 U/ml was an independent risk factor for SAI (hazard ratio = 5.836; 95% CI, 1.298-26.244; p = 0.021).Conclusions: Acute-phase serum SOD level could be a predictor of SAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | | | - Wenyao Huang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shan Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Xu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shishi Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | | | - Yongqi Ou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Guan X, Wang Y, Kai G, Zhao S, Huang T, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Pang T. Cerebrolysin Ameliorates Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury Through Neuroinflammatory Inhibition via CREB/PGC-1α Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1245. [PMID: 31695614 PMCID: PMC6818051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the important factors aggravating brain injury after ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) on neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. The gene expressions of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors were analyzed by real time PCR in rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, lipopolysaccharides-induced neuroinflammatory mice model and LPS-treated mouse primary microglia cells. The neuroprotective effects of CBL were evaluated by infarct size, Longa test and Rotarod test for long-term functional recovery in rats subjected to ischemia. The role of CREB/PGC-1α pathway in anti-neuroinflammatory effect of CBL was also determined by real time PCR and Western blotting. In the tMCAO model, administration of CBL at 3 h post-ischemia reduced infarct volume, promoted long-term functional recovery, decreased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors and increased the gene expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Correspondingly, in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mice model, CBL treatment attenuated sickness behavior, decreased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and increased the gene expression of anti-inflammatory factors. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, CBL increased the protein expression levels of PGC-1α and phosphorylated CREB to play anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the application of the specific CREB inhibitor, 666-15 compound could effectively reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of CBL in primary mouse microglia cells and anti-ischemic brain injury of CBL in rats subjected to tMCAO. In conclusion, CBL ameliorated cerebral ischemia injury through reducing neuroinflammation partly via the activation of CREB/PGC-1α pathway and may play a therapeutic role as anti-neuroinflammatory agents in the brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- Guangdong Long Fu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Youzhen Li
- Guangdong Long Fu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Propofol Reduces Inflammatory Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Involvement of PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104375. [PMID: 31590996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that propofol, one of the widely used anesthetic agents, can attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI) via inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative reaction. However, it is perplexing whether propofol attenuates inflammatory and oxidative reaction through modulating PI3K/Akt pathway. The present study investigated whether PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in propofol's anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection against SAH-induced EBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SAH and received treatment with propofol or vehicle after 2 and 12 hours of SAH. LY294002 was injected intracerebroventricularly to selectively inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling. Mortality, SAH grading, neurological scores, brain water content, evans blue extravasation, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured 24 hours after SAH. Immunoreactivity of p-Akt, t-Akt, nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) p65, nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rat brain was determined by western blot. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rat brain were examined by ELISA. RESULTS Propofol significantly reduces neurological dysfunction, BBB permeability, brain edema, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which were reversed by LY294002. Propofol significantly upregulates the immunoreactivity of p-Akt, Nrf2, and NQO1, all of which were abolished by LY294002. Propofol significantly downregulates the overexpression of NF-κB p65, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β, all of which were inhibited by LY294002. CONCLUSION These results suggest that propofol attenuates SAH-induced EBI by inhibiting inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, which might be associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Tavakkoli A, Iranshahi M, Hasheminezhad SH, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The neuroprotective activities of natural products through the Nrf2 upregulation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2256-2273. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - S. Hossein Hasheminezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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29
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Young Park S, Jin Kim Y, Park G, Kim HH. Neuroprotective effect of Dictyopteris divaricata extract-capped gold nanoparticles against oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:421-428. [PMID: 31003168 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy remains a promising approach to ameliorate cerebral ischemia injury. Nevertheless, the primary mechanism of the neuroprotective properties of Dictyopteris divaricata extract-capped gold nanoparticles (DD-GNPs) is not completely understood. DD-GNPs displayed maximum absorption at 525 nm and a diameter of 62.6 ± 1.2 nm, with a zeta potential value of -26.1 ± 0.6 mV. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spherical shape and average diameter (28.01 ± 2.03 nm). Crystalline structure and gold nanoparticle synthesis of DD-GNPs were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, and the presence of elemental gold was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. We examined the neuroprotective properties of DD-GNPs and explored their potential mechanisms in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). We found that DD-GNPs inhibited OGD/R-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), loss of cell viability, and production of reactive oxygen species. This neuroprotection was accompanied by regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, as indicated by decreased levels of cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase-9, p53, p21, and Bax, as well as an increased level of Bcl-2. Notably, the neuroprotective effects of DD-GNPs were partially abolished by HO-1, NQO1, Nrf2, and AMPK knockdown. Our results established that DD-GNPs effectively attenuated OGD/R-stimulated neuronal injury, as evidenced by reduced neuronal injury. Even though the accumulating evidence has indicated the low toxicity and minimal side effects of GNPs, experimental clinical trials of DD-GNPs are still limited because of the lack of knowledge regarding the effects of DD-GNPs as neuroprotective agents against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Hoi Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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30
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Mahdjour S, Guardia JJ, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Garrido JM, López-Barajas IB, Mut-Salud N, Chahboun R, Alvarez-Manzaneda E. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of podocarpane and totarane derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:863-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Zhang W, Song JK, Yan R, Li L, Xiao ZY, Zhou WX, Wang ZZ, Xiao W, Du GH. Diterpene ginkgolides protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats by activating Nrf2 and CREB through PI3K/Akt signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018. [PMID: 29542683 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) is a therapeutic extract of Ginkgo biloba L, which has been used for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. Ginkgolides A, B and C are the main components of DGMI. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of DGMI components against ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. Acute cerebral ischemic injury was induced in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 1.5 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. The rats were treated with DGMI (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, iv) at the onset of reperfusion and 12 h after reperfusion. Administration of DGMI significantly decreased rat neurological deficit scores, reduced brain infarct volume, and induced protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, which prompted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and phosphorylation of the survival regulatory protein cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). Nrf2 activation led to expression of the downstream protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In addition, PC12 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in vitro, treatment with DGMI (1, 10 and 20 μg/mL) or ginkgolides A, B or C (10 μmol/L for each) significantly reduced PC12 cell death and increased phosphorylation of Akt, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and activation of CREB. Activation of Nrf2 and CREB could be reversed by co-treatment with a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. These observations suggest that ginkgolides act as novel extrinsic regulators activating both Akt/Nrf2 and Akt/CREB signaling pathways, protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in vivo and in vitro.
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32
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Tavares WR, Seca AML. The Current Status of the Pharmaceutical Potential of Juniperus L. Metabolites. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030081. [PMID: 30065158 PMCID: PMC6165314 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Plants and their derived natural compounds possess various biological and therapeutic properties, which turns them into an increasing topic of interest and research. Juniperus genus is diverse in species, with several traditional medicines reported, and rich in natural compounds with potential for development of new drugs. Methods: The research for this review were based in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using terms combining Juniperus, secondary metabolites names, and biological activities. This is not an exhaustive review of Juniperus compounds with biological activities, but rather a critical selection taking into account the following criteria: (i) studies involving the most recent methodologies for quantitative evaluation of biological activities; and (ii) the compounds with the highest number of studies published in the last four years. Results: From Juniperus species, several diterpenes, flavonoids, and one lignan were emphasized taking into account their level of activity against several targets. Antitumor activity is by far the most studied, being followed by antibacterial and antiviral activities. Deoxypodophyllotoxin and one dehydroabietic acid derivative appears to be the most promising lead compounds. Conclusions: This review demonstrates the Juniperus species value as a source of secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Ana M L Seca
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA-Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Sun M, Izumi H, Shinoda Y, Fukunaga K. Neuroprotective effects of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Brain Res 2018; 1694:1-12. [PMID: 29705606 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB), a serine/threonine kinase, plays a critical role in cell development, growth, and survival. Akt phosphorylation mediates a neuroprotective effect against ischemic injury. Recently, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitor (KY-226) was developed to elicit anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects via enhancement of insulin signaling. Previously, we reported that the nonselective PTP1B inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, rescued neurons from delayed neuronal death during brain ischemia. In this study, we confirmed the ameliorative effects of KY-226 on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). ICR mice were subjected to MCAO for 2 h followed by reperfusion. Although KY-226 permeability was poor through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of normal mice, it could penetrate through the BBB of mice after I/R insult. Intraperitoneal KY-226 administration elicited dose-dependent reductions in infarcted brain areas and improved neurological deficits. The neuroprotective effects of KY-266 were obtained when administered within 0.5 h after reperfusion. KY-226 (10 mg/kg) also restored reduced Akt phosphorylation and eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177) levels following I/R insult. Moreover, 10 mg/kg of KY-226 improved I/R-induced decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, KY-226 attenuated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse cortex. These results suggest that KY-226 may act as a novel therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke. Activation of Akt and ERK possibly underlie the neuroprotective mechanism of KY-226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Hisanao Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai Japan.
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Park SY, Choi YW, Park G. Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury by emodin via AMPK-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:525-535. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Our study verified the neuroprotective properties of emodin against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and demonstrated its mechanism.
Methods
Human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were investigated by analysing cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase levels, expression of molecules related to apoptotic cell death, and using biochemical techniques, flow cytometry and Western blot assays.
Key findings
Emodin reduced OGD/R-lead to neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. OGD/R significantly increased levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, p53, p21 and Bax protein. However, emodin treatment effectively inhibited these OGD/R-induced changes. Emodin treatment also increased HO-1 and NQO1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and caused antioxidant response element (ARE) transcription activity and nuclear Nrf2 accumulation. Emodin phosphorylated AMPK and GSK3β, and pretreatment of cells with an AMPK inhibitor suppressed emodin-induced nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and HO-1 and NQO1 expression. AMPK inhibitor treatment decreased GSK3β phosphorylation, suggesting that AMPK is upstream of GSK3β, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. Emodin's neuroprotective effect was completely blocked by HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 knock-down and an AMPK inhibitor, indicating the action of AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2/ARE in the neuroprotective effect of emodin subjected to OGD/R.
Conclusions
Emodin treatment protected against OGD/R-lead to neurotoxicity by potentiating Nrf2/ARE-regulated neuroprotection through the AMPK/GSK3β pathway, indicating that emodin may be useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Shi C, Che M, Zhang X, Liu Z, Meng R, Bu X, Ye H, Guo N. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of totarol against Staphylococcus aureus in carrot juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:924-934. [PMID: 29487434 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-3000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), represents a serious health risk to human beings. Totarol is an antibacterial novel phenolic diterpenes. In present study, the antibacterial activity of totarol against S. aureus was investigated in a food system. The antibacterial activity of totarol was determined by measuring the zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The MICs for S. aureus strains were in the range of 2-4 μg/ml. The probable antibacterial mechanism of totarol was the alteration in cell membranes integrity and permeability, which leading to the leakage of cellular materials. The electric conductivity showed a time- and dose-dependent increasing manner, and we utilized totarol to induce the production of cytoplasmic β-galactosidase in S. aureus. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis further confirmed that S. aureus cell membranes were damaged by totarol. The time-kill assay and detection of the kinetics of S. aureus deactivation in situ indicated that totarol has good preservative activities in a food model. Totarol successfully inhibited S. aureus development in carrot juice, at room temperature (25 °C) and in refrigerator (4 °C) respectively. Our works provided not only additional evidences in support of totarol being regarded as a natural antibacterial food preservative but also fundamental understanding on the mode of antibacterial action. It is necessary to consider that totarol will become a promising antibacterial additive for food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyao Che
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rizeng Meng
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Bu
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- 1Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Xu Y, Ruan W, Wang H, Zhang Y, Saavedra JM, Zhang L, Huang Z, Pang T. A Dual AMPK/Nrf2 Activator Reduces Brain Inflammation After Stroke by Enhancing Microglia M2 Polarization. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:141-163. [PMID: 28747068 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in focal ischemic stroke, a disorder with no effective therapeutic agents. Since microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype and reduction of oxidative stress are mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, we assessed the dual therapeutic effect of AMPK and Nrf2 activation by a novel neuroprotectant HP-1c in the treatment of ischemic stroke. RESULTS We developed a novel class of hybrids (HP-1a-HP-1f) of telmisartan and 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (HPBA) as a ring-opening derivative of NBP. The most promising hybrid, HP-1c, exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in vitro and reduced brain infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia when compared with telmisartan alone, NBP alone, or a combination of telmisartan and NBP. HP-1c had a therapeutic window of up to 24 h, ameliorated ischemic cerebral injury in permanent focal cerebral ischemia, and improved motor function. The beneficial effects of HP-1c in ischemic stroke were associated with microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype and reduced oxidative stress. HP-1c also shifted the M1/M2 polarization in a mouse neuroinflammatory model. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of HP-1c were associated with AMPK-Nrf2 pathway activation for neuroprotection. We showed that HP-1c penetrates the brain, has a plasma half-life of around 3.93 h, and has no toxicity in mice. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study results suggest that HP-1c, with dual AMPK- and Nrf2-activating properties, may have potential in further studies as a novel therapy for ischemic stroke. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 141-163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yun Huang
- 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Luyong Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China .,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China .,2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China .,3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia
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Wang Y, Ruan W, Mi J, Xu J, Wang H, Cao Z, Saavedra JM, Zhang L, Lin H, Pang T. Balasubramide derivative 3C modulates microglia activation via CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in neuroinflammatory conditions. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:101-117. [PMID: 28803158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemic stroke, but currently there is no effective treatment. After ischemia, microglia-produced proinflammatory mediator expression contributes to the aggravation of neuroinflammation, while anti-inflammatory activation of microglia develops an anti-neuroinflammatory effect via secretion of anti-inflammatory factor. Promoting the anti-inflammatory activation of microglia might be an effective treatment of stroke. Previously, we discovered one derivative of the natural product (+)-balasubramide, compound 3C, that exhibits a remarkably anti-neuroinflammatory effect in vitro with unknown mechanisms. Thus in this study, we aimed to clarify its molecular mechanisms and determine whether compound 3C has a neuroprotective effect after ischemia via regulation on microglial inflammation. We found that compound 3C promoted the anti-inflammatory mediator expression and reduced the proinflammatory mediator expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and mouse primary microglia cells, which were reversed by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition or AMPK upstream calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ) inhibition. Compound 3C also prevented LPS-stimulated JNK activation and enhanced PGC-1α activation in microglia, which was attenuated by AMPK inhibition. Additionally, compound 3C ameliorated depressive behaviors in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mice by promoting the anti-inflammatory activation of microglia. Furthermore, we found that compound 3C markedly reduced brain infarct volume, improved the neurological deficit in rats with ischemia and reduced the activated microglia/macrophage cells in the ischemic area, which concomitantly enhanced the anti-inflammatory mediator expression. A mechanistic study showed that the compound 3C-mediated activation of CaMKKβ, AMPK and PGC-1α is involved in the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of 3C in the brain of LPS-treated mice and ischemic rats. Taken together, our results show that compound 3C could suppress neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo by modulating microglial activation state through the CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, and maybe further be developed as a promising new drug candidate for the treatment of brain disorders such as stroke associated with brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junru Mi
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingzi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, WA, DC 20057, USA
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hansen Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, WA, DC 20057, USA.
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yang Z, Wang Q, Peng W, Zhan R, Chen Y. A new 12,17-cyclo-labdane diterpenoid from the twigs of Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1669-1675. [PMID: 29115146 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1395434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new 12,17-cyclo-labdane diterpenoid, podoimbricatin C (1), along with 15 known compounds was isolated from the twigs of Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 is the second example of the unusual 12,17-cyclo-labdane diterpenoids. It showed no inhibitory effects against five human tumour lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW-480).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuofa Yang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Wei Peng
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Rui Zhan
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Yegao Chen
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
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Yan BC, Shen H, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Xu P, Jiang D, Yu X. The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam promotes neuroblast differentiation and expression of superoxide dismutase in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus via PI3K/Akt signalling. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:84-90. [PMID: 29024726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV), a second-generation antiepileptic drug, is commonly prescribed to treat certain types of seizures. Few studies have investigated the effects of LEV on hippocampal neurogenesis and its related mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of LEV on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). We here demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in Ki-67-immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the DG in LEV-treated mice, and doublecortin-immunoreactive cells were also significantly increased in the hippocampal DG of mice treated with LEV. The above results indicate that LEV could improve cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampus. In addition, we also found that LEV treatment improved superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, catalase and Gpx-1 levels and increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated Akt protein levels in the hippocampus. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects revealed that PC12 cell was blocked by a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002), and that LEV treatment rapidly activated PI3K/Akt and SOD2, catalase and Gpx-1. In brief, our results indicate that LEV enhanced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation by increasing the expression of antioxidants and PI3K and the level of phosphorylated Akt in the mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Yangzhou, 225002, PR China
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Liu J, Gao ZH, Wu JC, Chen YG. A new 5(6→7)abeo-sterol from Podocarpus fleuryi. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1022-1027. [PMID: 28140655 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1283309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new 5(6→7)abeo-sterol, podosterol (1), together with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Podocarpus fleuryi. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Podosterol was assessed for its cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480), and the result showed that it had no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Zhao-Hong Gao
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Ji-Chun Wu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Ye-Gao Chen
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , China
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CRAMP deficiency leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired phagocytosis after exposure to bacterial meningitis pathogens. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:32. [PMID: 28915816 PMCID: PMC5602852 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides are important components of the host defence with a broad range of functions including direct antimicrobial activity and modulation of inflammation. Lack of cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) was associated with higher mortality and bacterial burden and impaired neutrophil granulocyte infiltration in a model of pneumococcal meningitis. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of CRAMP deficiency on glial response and phagocytosis after exposure to bacterial stimuli. METHODS CRAMP-knock out and wildtype glial cells were exposed to bacterial supernatants from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitides or the bacterial cell wall components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Cell viability, expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and activation of signal transduction pathways, phagocytosis rate and glial cell phenotype were investigated by means of cell viability assays, immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS CRAMP-deficiency was associated with stronger expression of pro-inflammatory and weakened expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines indicating a higher degree of glial cell activation even under resting-state conditions. Furthermore, increased translocation of nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells was observed and phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae was reduced in CRAMP-deficient microglia indicating impaired antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study detected severe alterations of the glial immune response due to lack of CRAMP. The results indicate the importance of CRAMP to maintain and regulate the delicate balance between beneficial and harmful immune response in the brain.
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Seo JY, Kim SK, Nguyen PH, Lee JY, Tung PHT, Sung SH, Oh WK. Chemical constituents from a Gynostemma laxum and their antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Chin Med 2017; 12:15. [PMID: 28546827 PMCID: PMC5442659 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A few bioactivities of constituents from Gynostemma laxum, which has been collected in Vietnam, have been
reported until now. There is no report about the effects of constituents from G. laxum although the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant defense system is involved in neuroprotection in the brain. Therefore, we investigated whether quercetin (2), benzoic acid (10) and their analogues (1, 3–9 and 11) from G. laxum have the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities and also their underlying mechanism. Methods To examine their neuroprotective and antioxidant activities, oxytosis, total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC), 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFDA), dihydroethidium (DHE), antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter gene assays, Western blot analysis, real time-PCR, immunocytochemistry and in silico 3D molecular docking simulation were performed. Results The study of constituents using chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic analysis showed that G. laxum contained an abundance of quercetin (2), benzoic acid (10) and their analogues (1, 3–9 and 11). Our data demonstrated that quercetin (2) and its analogue (4) among the constituents from G. laxum showed the strongest neuroprotective effect against oxytosis triggered by the excessive amount of glutamate. Compounds 2, 4, 6 and 11 exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory and ARE transcriptional activities in immortalized hippocampal HT22 cell line. Among them, compound 4, a second active compound, induced Nrf2/HO-1 activation. They were also fit stable onto the Tramtrack and Bric-à-Brac (BTB) domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a known Nrf2 inhibitor protein, based on the results of docking and interaction energies. Overall, these data suggest that –OH and –OCH3 groups of quercetin and its analogues are responsible for their neuroprotective effect. Conclusions In summary, the major constituents of G. laxum had strong antioxidant and neuroprotective activities so that they could consider as a natural antioxidant supplement. Furthermore, G. laxum might be used beneficially in reducing oxidative complications with the further deep investigation in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0136-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Phi Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yong Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ha Thanh Tung
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Kabba JA, Xu Y, Christian H, Ruan W, Chenai K, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Saavedra JM, Pang T. Microglia: Housekeeper of the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:53-71. [PMID: 28534246 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, of myeloid origin, play fundamental roles in the control of immune responses and the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. These cells, just like peripheral macrophages, may be activated into M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes by appropriate stimuli. Microglia do not respond in isolation, but form part of complex networks of cells influencing each other. This review addresses the complex interaction of microglia with each cell type in the brain: neurons, astrocytes, cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes. We also highlight the participation of microglia in the maintenance of homeostasis in the brain, and their roles in the development and progression of age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alimamy Kabba
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Handson Christian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kitchen Chenai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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Mahmood Q, Wang GF, Wu G, Wang H, Zhou CX, Yang HY, Liu ZR, Han F, Zhao K. Salvianolic acid A inhibits calpain activation and eNOS uncoupling during focal cerebral ischemia in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 25:8-14. [PMID: 28190474 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is obtained from Chinese herb Salviae Miltiorrhizae Bunge (Labiatae), has been reported to have the protective effects against cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. HYPOTHESIS The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between the effectiveness of SAA against neurovascular injury and its effects on calpain activation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. STUDY DESIGN SAA or vehicle was given to C57BL/6 male mice for seven days before the occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 60min. METHODS High-resolution positron emission tomography scanner (micro-PET) was used for small animal imaging to examine glucose metabolism. Rota-rod time and neurological deficit scores were calculated after 24h of reperfusion. The volume of infarction was determined by Nissl-staining. The calpain proteolytic activity and eNOS uncoupling were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS SAA administration increased glucose metabolism and ameliorated neuronal damage after brain ischemia, paralleled with decreased neurological deficit and volume of infarction. In addition, SAA pretreatment inhibited eNOS uncoupling and calpain proteolytic activity. Furthermore, SAA inhibited peroxynitrite (ONOO-) generation and upregulates AKT, FKHR and ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that SAA elicits a neurovascular protective role through the inhibition of eNOS uncoupling and ONOO- formation. Moreover, SAA attenuates spectrin and calcineurin breakdown and therefore protects the brain against ischemic/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Mahmood
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guang-Fa Wang
- Department of PET/CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Gang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of PET/CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Zhejiang 310003, China.
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Luo L, Chen J, Su D, Chen M, Luo B, Pi R, Wang L, Shen W, Wang R. L-F001, a Multifunction ROCK Inhibitor Prevents 6-OHDA Induced Cell Death Through Activating Akt/GSK-3beta and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in PC12 Cells and Attenuates MPTP-Induced Dopamine Neuron Toxicity in Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:615-624. [PMID: 28078613 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Amounting evidences demonstrated that Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) might be a novel target for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we synthesized L-F001 and revealed it was a potent ROCK inhibitor with multifunctional effects. Here we investigated the effects of L-F001 in PD models. We found that L-F001 potently attenuated 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented the 6-OHDA-induced decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular GSH levels. In addition, L-F001 increased Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation and induced the nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, L-F001 restored the levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta (Ser9) as well as HO-1 expression reduced by 6-OHDA. Those effects were blocked by the specific PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, indicating the involvement of Akt/GSK-3beta pathway in the neuroprotective effect of L-F001. In addition, L-F001 significantly attenuated the tyrosinehydroxylase immunoreactive cell loss in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice PD model. Together, our findings suggest that L-F001 prevents 6-OHDA-induced cell death through activating Akt/GSK-3beta and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and attenuates MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuron toxicity in mice. L-F001 might be a promising drug candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingkao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Su
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Meihui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bingling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Puai Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430033, China.
| | - Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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The natural product 4,10-aromadendranediol induces neuritogenesis in neuronal cells in vitro through activation of the ERK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:29-40. [PMID: 27840407 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies focus on promoting neurite outgrowth to remodel the central nervous network after brain injury. Currently, however, there are few drugs treating brain diseases in the clinic by enhancing neurite outgrowth. In this study, we established an NGF-induced PC12 differentiation model to screen novel compounds that have the potential to induce neuronal differentiation, and further characterized 4,10-Aromadendranediol (ARDD) isolated from the dried twigs of the Baccharis gaudichaudiana plant, which exhibited the capability of promoting neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells in vitro. ARDD (1, 10 μmol/L) significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth in NGF-treated PC12 cells and N1E115 cells in a time-dependent manner. In cultured primary cortical neurons, ARDD (5, 10 μmol/L) not only significantly increased neurite outgrowth but also increased the number of neurites on the soma and the number of bifurcations. Further analyses showed that ARDD (10 μmol/L) significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the downstream GSK-3β, subsequently induced β-catenin expression and up-regulated the gene expression of the Wnt ligands Fzd1 and Wnt3a in neuronal cells. The neurite outgrowth-promoting effect of ARDD in neuronal cells was abolished by pretreatment with the specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, but was partially reversed by XAV939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ARDD also increased the expression of BDNF, CREB and GAP-43 in N1E115 cells, which was reversed by pretreatment with PD98059. In N1E115 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), pretreatment with ARDD (1-10 μmol/L) significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrated that the natural product ARDD exhibits neurite outgrowth-inducing activity in neurons via activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which may be beneficial to the treatment of brain diseases.
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Abstract
A new abietane mono-norditerpenoid, nagiol A (1), along with three known diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Podocarpus nagi. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis. This is the first report of abietane mono-norditerpenoid separated from plant of the genus Podocarpus. Compound 1 was assessed for its cytotoxicity against five human tumour lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW-480), and the result showed that it had no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Haoliang Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Guoli Huang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Yegao Chen
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
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Zhang R, Xu M, Wang Y, Xie F, Zhang G, Qin X. Nrf2—a Promising Therapeutic Target for Defensing Against Oxidative Stress in Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6006-6017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Abstract
A new cyclopeptide, neriitide A (1) and a new lignan, neriilignan (2), along with six known compounds including two diterpenoids, three sesquiterpenoids and one sterol were isolated from the leaves of Podocarpus neriifolius. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis including HREIMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report of cyclopeptide and lignan separated from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Haoliang Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Guoli Huang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
| | - Yegao Chen
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , China
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