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Zhang M, Zhang J, Yang H, Chen S, Chen X, Huang Y, Chen B, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Guo Y, Wei Y, Lin X, Lan G, Liang J, Jiang H, Guo X. Production of cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs by handmade cloning. Theriogenology 2024; 224:68-73. [PMID: 38754201 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated during digestion. To address this problem, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were generated using handmade cloning in this study. Transgene construction was improved and three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. In total, 810 blastocysts were generated and 712 good-quality were transferred into six recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which six survived after weaning. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that seven (three live and four dead) of the fourteen piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the six live cloned pigs was tested at four months of age, and only one pig had 0.155 FTU/mL enzyme activity. The other five pigs may not have been activated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, representing a 25.4% decrease in fecal emission compared to the average of controls. Immunohistochemical results on the three Cafp-positive pigs that died after six months of age showed that the transgene was only expressed in parotid glands, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In conclusion, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to managing phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Haowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Shijin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuemeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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2
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Veraguas-Dávila D, Zapata-Rojas C, Aguilera C, Saéz-Ruiz D, Saravia F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. Proteomic Analysis of Domestic Cat Blastocysts and Their Secretome Produced in an In Vitro Culture System without the Presence of the Zona Pellucida. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4343. [PMID: 38673927 PMCID: PMC11050229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida exhibit reduced implantation capacity. However, the protein expression profile has not been evaluated in these embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein expression profile of domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were generated: (1) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and cultured in vitro (zona intact, (ZI)) and (2) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro without the zona pellucida (zona-free (ZF group)). The cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates were estimated at days 2, 5 and 7, respectively. Day 7 blastocysts and their culture media were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The UniProt Felis catus database was used to identify the standard proteome. No significant differences were found in the cleavage, morula, or blastocyst rates between the ZI and ZF groups (p > 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed 22 upregulated and 20 downregulated proteins in the ZF blastocysts. Furthermore, 14 proteins involved in embryo development and implantation were present exclusively in the culture medium of the ZI blastocysts. In conclusion, embryo culture without the zona pellucida did not affect in vitro development, but altered the protein expression profile and release of domestic cat blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veraguas-Dávila
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Km 6 Los Niches, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Camila Zapata-Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Constanza Aguilera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, San Sebastián University, Concepción 4081339, Chile;
| | - Darling Saéz-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
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3
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Liu T, Wu Y, Li L, Zhang T, Zhang X, Li Y. High Expression of ZFP42 Improves Early Development of Pig Embryos Produced by Handmade Cloning. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:57-66. [PMID: 38598277 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Handmade Cloning (HMC) is a pivotal technique for cloning pig embryos. Despite its significance, the low efficiency of this method hampers its widespread application. Although numerous factors and signaling pathways influencing embryo development have been studied, the mechanisms underlying low developmental capacity and insufficient reprogramming of cloned embryos remain elusive. In the present study, we sought to elucidate key regulatory factors involved in the development of pig HMC embryos by comparing and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HMC embryos with those of naturally fertilized (NF) embryos at the 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages. The results showed that ZFP42 expression is markedly higher in NF embryos than in cloned counterparts. Subsequent experiments involving the injection of ZFP42 messenger RNA (mRNA) into HMC embryos showed that ZFP42 could enhance the blastocyst formation rate, upregulate pluripotent genes and metabolic pathways. This highlights the potential of ZFP42 as a critical factor in improving the development of pig HMC embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Animal Breeding Department, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingju Zhang
- Animal Breeding Department, BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Li W, Liu Y, Zhou G, Li Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma X, Wang X. Comparison of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts as Donor Nuclei for Handmade Cloning in Sheep Using a Single-Cell Transcriptome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:589. [PMID: 38396557 PMCID: PMC10886412 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oocytes are efficient at reprogramming terminally differentiated cells to a totipotent state. Nuclear transfer techniques can exploit this property to produce cloned animals. However, the overall efficiency is low. The use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as donor nuclei may increase blastocyst rates, but the exact reasons for this remain unexplored. A single-cell transcriptomic approach was used to map the transcriptome profiles of eight-cell embryos that were in vitro-fertilized and handmade-cloned using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts as nuclear donors. Differences were examined at the chromatin level, the level of differentially expressed genes, the level of histone modifications and the level of DNA methylation. This research provides critical information regarding the use of UC-MSCs as a preferred donor nucleus for nuclear transfer techniques. It also offers unique insights into the mechanism of cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiuling Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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5
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Tu CF, Peng SH, Chuang CK, Wong CH, Yang TS. - Invited Review - Reproductive technologies needed for the generation of precise gene-edited pigs in the pathways from laboratory to farm. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:339-349. [PMID: 36397683 PMCID: PMC9899582 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing (GE) offers a new breeding technique (NBT) of sustainable value to animal agriculture. There are 3 GE working sites covering 5 feasible pathways to generate GE pigs along with the crucial intervals of GE/genotyping, microinjection/electroporation, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic cell nuclear transfer, cryopreservation, and nonsurgical embryo transfer. The extension of NBT in the new era of pig breeding depends on the synergistic effect of GE and reproductive biotechnologies; the outcome relies not only on scientific due diligence and operational excellence but also on the feasibility of application on farms to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Tu
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan,Corresponding Author: Ching-Fu Tu, Tel: +886-37-585815, E-mail:
| | - Shu-Hui Peng
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Chin-kai Chuang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Wong
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shuh Yang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093,
Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 260007,
Taiwan
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6
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Endothelial cell heterogeneity and microglia regulons revealed by a pig cell landscape at single-cell level. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3620. [PMID: 35750885 PMCID: PMC9232580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are valuable large animal models for biomedical and genetic research, but insights into the tissue- and cell-type-specific transcriptome and heterogeneity remain limited. By leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing, we generate a multiple-organ single-cell transcriptomic map containing over 200,000 pig cells from 20 tissues/organs. We comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity of cells in tissues and identify 234 cell clusters, representing 58 major cell types. In-depth integrative analysis of endothelial cells reveals a high degree of heterogeneity. We identify several functionally distinct endothelial cell phenotypes, including an endothelial to mesenchymal transition subtype in adipose tissues. Intercellular communication analysis predicts tissue- and cell type-specific crosstalk between endothelial cells and other cell types through the VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β, and BMP pathways. Regulon analysis of single-cell transcriptome of microglia in pig and 12 other species further identifies MEF2C as an evolutionally conserved regulon in the microglia. Our work describes the landscape of single-cell transcriptomes within diverse pig organs and identifies the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and evolutionally conserved regulon in microglia. Pigs are important large animal models for biomedical research. Here, the authors construct a single-cell landscape of pig tissues, unravelling the phenotypic heterogeneity of blood endothelial cells in adipose tissues and the evolutionally conserved regulons of microglia in brains.
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7
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Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041969. [PMID: 35216087 PMCID: PMC8879641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is known as cloning. Although many mammalian species have been successfully cloned, the majority of cloned embryos failed to develop to term, resulting in the overall cloning efficiency being still low. There are many factors contributing to the cloning success. Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is a major cause for the developmental failure of cloned embryos and abnormalities in the cloned offspring. Numerous research groups attempted multiple strategies to technically improve each step of the SCNT procedure and rescue abnormal epigenetic reprogramming by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, overexpression or repression of embryonic-related genes, etc. Here, we review the recent approaches for technical SCNT improvement and ameliorating epigenetic modifications in donor cells, oocytes, and cloned embryos in order to enhance cloning efficiency.
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8
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Veraguas-Davila D, Cordero MF, Saez S, Saez-Ruiz D, Gonzalez A, Saravia F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. Domestic cat embryos generated without zona pellucida are capable of developing in vitro but exhibit abnormal gene expression and a decreased implantation rate. Theriogenology 2021; 174:36-46. [PMID: 34416562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The removal of the zona pellucida has been used to improve the in vitro development of domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and SCNT. However, the in vivo development of domestic cat embryos generated without the zona pellucida has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of zona pellucida removal on the in vitro and in vivo development of domestic cat embryos generated by IVF. For this purpose, two experimental groups were created: 1) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro (Zona-intact group, ZI) and 2) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro without the zona pellucida (Zona-free group, ZF). Domestic cat embryos were generated by IVF and cultured in vitro for 8 days. In the ZF group, the zona pellucida was removed after IVF, and embryos were cultured using the well of the well system (WOW). Cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates were evaluated in both groups. The diameter and total cell number of blastocysts were assessed. Relative expression of pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG), differentiation (CDX2 and GATA6) and apoptotic markers (BAX and BCL2) was evaluated in blastocysts. Finally, to evaluate in vivo development, embryos at days 5, 6 and 7 of development were transferred into recipient domestic cats, and ultrasonography was performed to evaluate implantation. No differences were observed in the cleavage, morula or blastocyst rates between embryos from the ZI and ZF groups. The diameter (mean ± SD) of blastocysts from the ZF group was greater (253.4 ± 83.3 μm) than that from the ZI group (210.5 ± 78.5 μm). No differences were observed in the relative expression of OCT4, CDX2 or GATA6. However, the relative expression of SOX2 and NANOG was significantly reduced in ZF blastocysts compared to ZI blastocysts. Furthermore, the relative expression of BAX was higher in ZF blastocysts than in ZI blastocysts. Finally, four pregnancies were confirmed after the transfer of ZI embryos (n = 110). However, no pregnancies were observed after the transfer of ZF embryos at the morula or blastocyst stage (n = 56). In conclusion, domestic cat embryos cultured without the zona pellucida were able to develop in vitro until the blastocyst stage. However, the removal of the zona pellucida negatively affected the gene expression of pluripotency and apoptosis markers, and ZF embryos were unable to implant. This might indicate that the removal of the zona pellucida is detrimental for the implantation and in vivo development of domestic cat embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veraguas-Davila
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Maria Francisca Cordero
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Soledad Saez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Darling Saez-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillán, Chile
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9
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Vajta G, Parmegiani L, Machaty Z, Chen WB, Yakovenko S. Back to the future: optimised microwell culture of individual human preimplantation stage embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2563-2574. [PMID: 33864207 PMCID: PMC8581087 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro culture of human embryos is a crucial step in assisted reproduction, the lack of focused research hampers worldwide standardisation and consistent outcomes. Only 1.2% of research papers published in five leading journals in human reproduction in 2019 focused on in vitro culture conditions, creating the impression that the optimisation process has approached its limits. On the other hand, in vitro culture of mammalian embryos is based on old principles, while there is no consensus on basic issues as density, time, medium change, gas atmosphere and small technical details including the way of drop preparation. This opinion paper aims to highlight and analyse the slow advancement in this field and stimulate research for simple and affordable solutions to meet the current requirements. A possible way for advancement is discussed in detail. Selection of embryos with the highest developmental competence requires individual culture and modification of the widely used "drop under oil" approach. Current use of three-dimensional surfaces instead of large flat bottoms is restricted to time-lapse systems, but these wells are designed for optical clarity, not for the needs of embryos. The size and shape of the original microwells (Well of the Well; WOW) offer a practical and straightforward solution to combine the benefits of communal and individual incubation and improve the overall quality of cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
- VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | | | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF Clinic, Moscow, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Vajta G, Parmegiani L, Machaty Z, Chen WB, Yakovenko S. Back to the future: optimised microwell culture of individual human preimplantation stage embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021. [PMID: 33864207 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02167-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in vitro culture of human embryos is a crucial step in assisted reproduction, the lack of focused research hampers worldwide standardisation and consistent outcomes. Only 1.2% of research papers published in five leading journals in human reproduction in 2019 focused on in vitro culture conditions, creating the impression that the optimisation process has approached its limits. On the other hand, in vitro culture of mammalian embryos is based on old principles, while there is no consensus on basic issues as density, time, medium change, gas atmosphere and small technical details including the way of drop preparation. This opinion paper aims to highlight and analyse the slow advancement in this field and stimulate research for simple and affordable solutions to meet the current requirements. A possible way for advancement is discussed in detail. Selection of embryos with the highest developmental competence requires individual culture and modification of the widely used "drop under oil" approach. Current use of three-dimensional surfaces instead of large flat bottoms is restricted to time-lapse systems, but these wells are designed for optical clarity, not for the needs of embryos. The size and shape of the original microwells (Well of the Well; WOW) offer a practical and straightforward solution to combine the benefits of communal and individual incubation and improve the overall quality of cultured embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- RVT Australia, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia. .,VitaVitro Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.
| | | | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Sergey Yakovenko
- Altravita IVF Clinic, Moscow, Russia.,Biophysics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Lee EJ, Ji KB, Lee JH, Oh HJ, Kil TY, Kim MK. Application of the modified handmade cloning technique to pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:281-294. [PMID: 33987604 PMCID: PMC8071742 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is frequently employed to produce cloned animals in laboratories, this technique is expensive and inefficient. Therefore, the handmade cloning (HMC) technique has been suggested to simplify and advance the cloning process, however, HMC wastes many oocytes and leads to mitochondrial heteroplasmy. To solve these problems, we propose a modified handmade cloning (mHMC) technique that uses simple laboratory equipment, i.e., a Pasteur pipette and an alcohol lamp, applying it to porcine embryo cloning. To validate the application of mHMC to pig cloning, embryos produced through SCNT and mHMC are compared using multiple methods, such as enucleation efficiency, oxidative stress, embryo developmental competence, and gene expression. The results show no significant differences between techniques except in the enucleation efficiency. The 8-cell and 16-cell embryo developmental competence and Oct4 expression levels exhibit significant differences. However, the blastocyst rate is not significantly different between mHMC and SCNT. This study verifies that cloned embryos derived from the two techniques exhibit similar generation and developmental competence. Thus, we suggest that mHMC could replace SCNT for simpler and cheaper porcine cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kuk Bin Ji
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Tae Young Kil
- Department of Social Welfare, Joongbu University, Geumsan 32713, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,MK Biotech, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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12
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Ratner LD, La Motta GE, Briski O, Salamone DF, Fernandez-Martin R. Practical Approaches for Knock-Out Gene Editing in Pigs. Front Genet 2021; 11:617850. [PMID: 33747029 PMCID: PMC7973260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.617850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are an important resource for meat production and serve as a model for human diseases. Due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans, these animals can recapitulate symptoms of human diseases, becoming an effective model for biomedical research. Although, in the past pig have not been widely used partially because of the difficulty in genetic modification; nowadays, with the new revolutionary technology of programmable nucleases, and fundamentally of the CRISPR-Cas9 systems, it is possible for the first time to precisely modify the porcine genome as never before. To this purpose, it is necessary to introduce the system into early stage zygotes or to edit cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this review, several strategies for pig knock-out gene editing, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, will be summarized, as well as genotyping methods and different delivery techniques to introduce these tools into the embryos. Finally, the best approaches to produce homogeneous, biallelic edited animals will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Daniela Ratner
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaston Emilio La Motta
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olinda Briski
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Felipe Salamone
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Martin
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal (LabBA), Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Liu T, Li J, Dou H, Xiang X, Chen W, Zhang T, Li L, Zhang X, Dong X, Chen L, Lin X, Li J, Sun HX, Gu Y, Lin L. Low-Concentration Essential Amino Acids in PZM-3 Improve the Developmental Competence of Porcine Embryos Produced by Handmade Cloning. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:282-290. [PMID: 33181023 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential amino acids (EAA) of inappropriate concentration have been reported to compromise the development of embryo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EAA on the developmental competence of porcine embryos produced by either handmade cloning (HMC) or parthenogenetic activation (PA). In experiment 1, we examined the in vitro developmental competence of PA embryos after culture in PZM-3 containing different concentrations (v/v) of EAA (0%, 1%, and 2%). The results indicated that reducing the concentration of EAA from 2% to 1% significantly improved the blastocyst formation (36% vs. 54%), while 0% would compromise the blastocyst formation rate (54% vs. 38%). In experiment 2, we further investigated the effect of EAA concentration (1% and 2%) on the in vitro developmental competence and gene expression of HMC embryos. Blastocyst rate significantly increased by reducing concentration of EAA (41% vs. 53%) and those genes upregulated were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, PPAR signaling pathway, and metabolism-related pathways. In experiment 3, the in vivo developmental competence of HMC embryos cultured in the medium supplemented with 1% EAA was examined. Embryos derived from both non-gene-modified fetal fibroblasts (FFs) and gene-modified fetal fibroblasts (GMFFs) were transferred to recipients. The pregnancy rates were 83% and 78% separately. Out of the pregnancies, 5 (FFs) and 6 (GMFFs) were successfully developed to term. Our study indicates that supplementing EAA to embryo culture medium at a concentration of 1% can improve the in vitro developmental competence of porcine HMC embryos and the blastocyst obtained can successfully develop to term, which could be beneficial for the production of gene-modified piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Lin Li
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingju Zhang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Xuyi Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Xin 'an Vocational and Technical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ying Gu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Song SH, Oh SH, Xu L, Lee KL, Hwang JY, Joo MD, Kong IK. Effect of Additional Cytoplasm of Cloned Embryo on In Vitro Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency in Mice. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:236-243. [PMID: 32833512 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for biological science research. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to improve the reprogramming efficiency as well as to overcome the limitations of SCNT. CICT uses an additional cytoplasm fused with an enucleated oocyte to restore the cytoplasmic volume of the cloned embryo, and this method could improve the reprogramming efficiency of the cloned embryo. In this study, we show that CICT can be adapted to mouse species to overcome the inefficiency of the SCNT method. In this study, results indicate that the two-cell embryo and blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with the use of the CICT method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the SCNT method (96.6% ± 1.1% vs. 86.7% ± 6.0%, 29.5% ± 2.6% vs. 22.1% ± 3.0%, respectively). Furthermore, the apoptotic cell number per blastocyst was significantly lower in the CICT group than that in the SCNT group (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Moreover, the acH3K9/K14 expression level in the CICT group was greater than that of the SCNT group (p < 0.05), and the relative acH3K56 level in the CICT group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the SCNT group. These results indicate that CICT helps improve the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Moulavi F, Asadi-Moghadam B, Omidi M, Yarmohammadi M, Ozegovic M, Rastegar A, Hosseini SM. Pregnancy and Calving Rates of Cloned Dromedary Camels Produced by Conventional and Handmade Cloning Techniques and In Vitro and In Vivo Matured Oocytes. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:433-442. [PMID: 32666261 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite practical implication of cloning in camelids, its broad application has been hampered by technical and biological problems. Method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and oocyte competence are the principal technical and biological factors, respectively, that determine the cloning efficiency. This study, therefore, investigated differential contributions of two SCNT methods [modified handmade cloning (mHMC) vs. conventional (cNT)] and two recipient oocyte sources [abattoir-derived (Vitro) vs. FSH-stimulated (Vivo)] on the efficiency of dromedary camel cloning. The mHMC method supported similar rates of fusion, cleavage, and total blastocyst development, compared to conventional NT (cNT) (94, 89.1, and 68.5% vs. 78.9, 92, and 73.5%, respectively) when Vivo oocytes are used. However, using Vitro oocytes, mHMC supported significantly higher rates for these criteria, except for the cleavage, compared to cNT (95.5, 76.2, 25.2% vs. 75.3, 76.7, and 13.9%, respectively). A total of seven clones were born from mHMC/Vitro (four calves), mHMC/Vivo (one calf), cNT/Vitro (one calf), and mHMC/Vivo&Vivo (one calf)-derived embryos with overall efficiencies of 31.9, 26.6, 20, and 30% for initial pregnancy, 10.6, 6.6, 7.5, and 5% for development to term, and 8.5, 6.6, 2.5, 5% for development to weaving, respectively. To conclude, the quality of recipient oocyte greatly impacts cloning efficiency in vitro with no apparent carrying over effect on cloning efficiency in vivo, but the efficiency of SCNT method may compensate for the initial poor oocyte competence during in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos. The introduced mHMC could be a superior alternative to conventional method for simple, fast, and efficient production of cloned offspring in camelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moulavi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - B Asadi-Moghadam
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Omidi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Yarmohammadi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Ozegovic
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Rastegar
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - S M Hosseini
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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16
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Kumbha R, Hosny N, Matson A, Steinhoff M, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Efficient production of GGTA1 knockout porcine embryos using a modified handmade cloning (HMC) method. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:59-68. [PMID: 31722267 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Handmade cloning is a zona-free nuclear transfer approach and an economical, efficient, and simple micromanipulation-free alternative to dolly based traditional cloning (TC). In this study, based on handmade cloning with minor modifications, an optimized bi-oocyte fusion (BOF) cloning method was established to produce GGTA1 KO porcine embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The GGTA1 gene is responsible for the generation of Gal epitopes on the surface of porcine cells, triggering hyperacute immune rejection in preclinical porcine-to-human xenotransplantation. The purpose of the present study is to establish an efficient protocol for activation of porcine oocyte cytoplast-fibroblast fused constructs developed to GGTA1 KO blastocysts by the zona-free bi-oocyte fusion cloning method. High percentages of cleavage (90 ± 2.6%) and blastocyst rates (39 ± 4.0%) were achieved upon treatment with demecolcine-assisted oocyte enucleation followed by 6 V alternating current for proper alignment and single-step fusion technique using a single direct current pulse of 1.0 kV/cm for 9 μs duration, compared to the double-step fusion method with combined chemical activation using thimerosal and dithiothreitol. Overall blastocyst rate was higher for oocyte enucleation by demecolcine (0.4 μg/ml) and 45 min incubation (42 ± 1.5%) compared to without demecolcine incubation followed by complete chemical thimerosal/dithiothreitol activation (33 ± 1.1%). The blastocyst rate (39 ± 1.0%) was found to be significantly higher 1 h post-electrofusion, compared to at 0 and 4 h (28 ± 1.5 and 6 ± 1.5%, respectively). Blastocyst development rates for GGTA1 knockout embryos (38 ± 1.76%) were comparable to those obtained with wild-type embryos (41.1 ± 0.67%). In conclusion, we achieved high overall efficiency in production of GGTA1 KO blastocysts by modified HMC protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nora Hosny
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anders Matson
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Magie Steinhoff
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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17
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Song SH, Lee KL, Xu L, Joo MD, Hwang JY, Oh SH, Kong IK. Production of cloned cats using additional complimentary cytoplasm. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106125. [PMID: 31405460 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for producing cloned animals. It, however, is inefficient when there is use of SCNT for cloned animal production. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to overcome the inefficiencies of SCNT use of this purpose. The use of CICT involves additional cytoplasm fusing with enucleated oocytes to restore the cytoplasmic volume, thus improving the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos. In this study, there was application of CICT in cats to improve the in vitro developmental competence of cloned embryos, as well as the production of the offspring. The results of this study were that fusion rate of the cloned embryos with use of the CICT method was greater than that with SCNT (80.0 ± 4.8% compared with 67.8 ± 11.3%, respectively), and more blastocysts developed with use of CICT than SCNT (20.0 ± 2.0% compared with 13.5 ± 5.0%, respectively). The 62 cloned embryos that were produced with use of CICT were transferred into five estrous synchronized recipients, and 151 cloned embryos produced using SCNT were transferred to 13 estrous-synchronized recipients. After the embryo transfer, there was birth from surrogate mothers of one live-born kitten that resulted using SCNT compared with three live-born kittens using CICT. The number of CICT-cloned embryos born was greater than that of SCNT-cloned embryos (4.8 ± 2.3% compared with 0.7 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the CICT technique can be used to produce cloned kittens, including endangered feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Abstract
The first 20 years of somatic cell nuclear transfer can hardly be described as a success story. Controversially, many factors leading to the fiasco are not intrinsic features of the technique itself. Misunderstandings and baseless accusations alongside with unsupported fears and administrative barriers hampered cloners to overcome the initial challenging period with obvious difficulties that are common features of a radically new approach. In spite of some promising results of mostly sporadic and small-scale experiments, the future of cloning is still uncertain. On the other hand, a reincarnation, just like the idea of electric cars, may result in many benefits in various areas of science and economy. One can only hope that-in contrast to electric cars-the ongoing paralyzed phase will not last for 100 years, and breakthroughs achieved in some promising areas will provide enough evidence to intensify research and large-scale application of cloning in the next decade.
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19
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Cortez JV, Vajta G, Valderrama NM, Portocarrero GS, Quintana JM. High Pregnancy and Calving Rates with a Limited Number of Transferred Handmade Cloned Bovine Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:4-8. [PMID: 29412737 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle of widespread commercial application of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer is the low overall efficiency, that is, healthy calf-late pregnancy per transferred embryo rate. In this study, we report a series of experiments with a limited number of embryos created with handmade cloning (HMC) and transferred without or after open pulled straw vitrification. Embryo reconstruction was performed by using in vitro matured oocytes and adult ear skin fibroblasts. In two experiments, a total of 53 D7 blastocysts were developed from 188 reconstructed embryos. Fresh transfer of seven blastocysts into six recipients has resulted in three early pregnancies, two of them developed over 90 days and eventually resulted in healthy calves (33% offspring/transfer rate). In another two experiments, a total of 11 D7 blastocysts were obtained from 36 reconstructed embryos. Out of these, eight have reexpanded 18 hours after vitrification and warming. Transfer of these blastocysts into eight recipients has resulted in four early pregnancies and two live births; 25% offspring/transfer rate. These results indicate that low overall efficiency may not be an intrinsic feature of cattle cloning, and selection of the right procedures may help to overcome the actual limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenin Victor Cortez
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, National University Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza , Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | | | - Nilton Murga Valderrama
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, National University Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza , Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Gleni Segura Portocarrero
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, National University Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza , Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Jorge Maicelo Quintana
- 1 Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, National University Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza , Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
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20
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Abstract
Genetic engineering is essential to realize the full potentials of pigs both as livestock and as animal models of human disease. With the development of new genetic engineering technologies, such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, the porcine genome can be engineered with high efficiency. In this chapter, we describe a protocol in employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to genetically engineer the porcine genome in fibroblast cells, the procedures to establish single-cell-derived porcine fibroblast cell colonies carrying the desired genetic modifications, and the handmade cloning (HMC) technique to generate cloned embryos ready for embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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21
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Hwang SU, Eun K, Yoon JD, Kim H, Hyun SH. Production of transgenic pigs using a pGFAP-CreERT2/EGFP LoxP inducible system for central nervous system disease models. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:434-445. [PMID: 29284207 PMCID: PMC5974525 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic (TG) pigs are important in biomedical research and are used in disease modeling, pharmaceutical toxicity testing, and regenerative medicine. In this study, we constructed two vector systems by using the promoter of the pig glial fibrillary acidic protein (pGFAP) gene, which is an astrocyte cell marker. We established donor TG fibroblasts with pGFAP-CreERT2/LCMV-EGFPLoxP and evaluated the effect of the transgenes on TG-somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo development. Cleavage rates were not significantly different between control and transgene-donor groups. Embryo transfer was performed thrice just before ovulation of the surrogate sows. One sow delivered 5 TG piglets at 115 days after pregnancy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with genomic DNA isolated from skin tissues of TG pigs revealed that all 5 TG pigs had the transgenes. EGFP expression in all organs tested was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and PCR. Real-time PCR analysis showed that pGFAP promoter-driven Cre fused to the mutated human ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (CreERT2) mRNA was highly expressed in the cerebrum. Semi-nested PCR analysis revealed that CreERT2-mediated recombination was induced in cerebrum and cerebellum but not in skin. Thus, we successfully generated a TG pig with a 4-hydroxytamoxifen (TM)-inducible pGFAP-CreERT2/EGFPLoxP recombination system via SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ung Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Eun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.,Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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22
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Saini M, Selokar NL, Palta P, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Singla SK. An update: Reproductive handmade cloning of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 197:1-9. [PMID: 30122268 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first birth of a cloned animal produced through the Handmade cloning (HMC) technique was reported more than 15 years ago in cattle. This method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has subsequently been evolving as a much simpler alternative to the classical micromanipulator-based SCNT. Several farm animal species such as cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep, and goats have been successfully cloned using HMC. In buffalo, HMC technique is now well established, and several births of cloned calves have been reported by us. Several factors such as source of somatic cells, quality of recipient oocytes, cell cycle stage prior to SCNT, electrofusion and culture conditions, and epigenetic status of somatic cells, have been optimized leading to the production of good quality cloned embryos. The preservation through cloning of proven breeding bulls that have died by producing live offspring using somatic cells isolated from frozen semen as donor cells and birth of a cloned calf from urine-derived cells are impressive examples of the success of HMC in buffalo. In conclusion, HMC is a valued reproductive technique in buffalo that offers the opportunity to make multiple copies of highly valuable animals, particularly proven breeding bulls. In this review, there is a discussion of the advancement of the HMC technique in buffalo and factors responsible for the efficient production of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Saini
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | | | - Prabhat Palta
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | | | - Radhey S Manik
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Suresh K Singla
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India.
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23
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Liu X, Luo C, Deng K, Wu Z, Wei Y, Jiang J, Lu F, Shi D. Cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects the nucleus reprogramming and the developmental competence of HMC buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1291-1300. [PMID: 29925699 PMCID: PMC6115262 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of cytoplasmic volume on nucleus
reprogramming and developmental competence of buffalo handmade cloning (HMC) embryos. We
found that both HMC embryos derived from ~150% cytoplasm or ~225% cytoplasm resulted in a
higher blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst in comparison with those from
~75% cytoplasm (25.4 ± 2.0, 27.9 ± 1.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.1%; 150 ± 10, 169 ± 12 vs. 85 ± 6,
P<0.05). Meanwhile, the proportions of nuclear envelope breakdown
(NEBD) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) were also increased in the embryos
derived from ~150 or ~225% enucleated cytoplasm compared to those from ~75% cytoplasm.
Moreover, HMC embryos derived from ~225% cytoplasm showed a decrease of global DNA
methylation from the 2-cell to the 4-cell stage in comparison with those of ~75% cytoplasm
(P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of embryonic genome activation
(EGA) relative genes (eIF1A and U2AF) in HMC embryos
derived from ~225% cytoplasm at the 8-cell stages was also found to be enhanced compared
with that of the ~75% cytoplasm. Two of seven recipients were confirmed to be pregnant
following transfer of blastocysts derived from ~225% cytoplasm, and one healthy cloned
calf was delivered at the end of the gestation period, whereas no recipients were pregnant
after the transfer of blastocysts derived from ~75% cytoplasm. These results indicate that
the cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects donor nucleus reprogramming, and then
further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Chan Luo
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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24
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Selokar NL, Saini M, Palta P, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Singla SK. Cloning of Buffalo, a Highly Valued Livestock Species of South and Southeast Asia: Any Achievements? Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:89-98. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prabhat Palta
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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25
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Staunstrup NH, Stenderup K, Mortensen S, Primo MN, Rosada C, Steiniche T, Liu Y, Li R, Schmidt M, Purup S, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Schrøder LD, Svensson L, Petersen TK, Callesen H, Bolund L, Mikkelsen JG. Psoriasiform skin disease in transgenic pigs with high-copy ectopic expression of human integrins α2 and β1. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:869-880. [PMID: 28679670 PMCID: PMC5536904 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex human-specific disease characterized by perturbed keratinocyte proliferation and a pro-inflammatory environment in the skin. Porcine skin architecture and immunity are very similar to that in humans, rendering the pig a suitable animal model for studying the biology and treatment of psoriasis. Expression of integrins, which is normally confined to the basal layer of the epidermis, is maintained in suprabasal keratinocytes in psoriatic skin, modulating proliferation and differentiation as well as leukocyte infiltration. Here, we generated minipigs co-expressing integrins α2 and β1 in suprabasal epidermal layers. Integrin-transgenic minipigs born into the project displayed skin phenotypes that correlated with the number of inserted transgenes. Molecular analyses were in good concordance with histological observations of psoriatic hallmarks, including hypogranulosis and T-lymphocyte infiltration. These findings mark the first creation of minipigs with a psoriasiform phenotype resembling human psoriasis and demonstrate that integrin signaling plays a key role in psoriasis pathology. Summary: A cloned porcine disease model to advance topical treatment in the debilitating skin disorder psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Heine Staunstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iPSYCH The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative For Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for integrative sequencing, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Stenderup
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Mortensen
- Department of Skin Inflammation Pharmacology, LEO Pharma, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | - Cecilia Rosada
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars Svensson
- Department of NME Ideation, LEO Pharma, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for integrative sequencing, Aarhus, Denmark.,HuaDa JiYin (BGI), Shenzhen 518083, China
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26
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Secher JO, Ceylan A, Mazzoni G, Mashayekhi K, Li T, Muenthaisong S, Nielsen TT, Li D, Li S, Petkov S, Cirera S, Luo Y, Thombs L, Kadarmideen HN, Dinnyes A, Bolund L, Roelen BAJ, Schmidt M, Callesen H, Hyttel P, Freude KK. Systematic in vitro and in vivo characterization of Leukemia-inhibiting factor- and Fibroblast growth factor-derived porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:229-245. [PMID: 28044390 PMCID: PMC6221014 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Derivation and stable maintenance of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is challenging. We herein systematically analyzed two piPSC lines, derived by lentiviral transduction and cultured under either leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) conditions, to shed more light on the underlying biological mechanisms of porcine pluripotency. LIF‐derived piPSCs were more successful than their FGF‐derived counterparts in the generation of in vitro chimeras and in teratoma formation. When LIF piPSCs chimeras were transferred into surrogate sows and allowed to develop, only their prescence within the embryonic membranes could be detected. Whole‐transcriptome analysis of the piPSCs and porcine neonatal fibroblasts showed that they clustered together, but apart from the two pluripotent cell populations of early porcine embryos, indicating incomplete reprogramming. Indeed, bioinformatic analysis of the pluripotency‐related gene network of the LIF‐ versus FGF‐derived piPSCs revealed that ZFP42 (REX1) expression was absent in both piPSC‐like cells, whereas it was expressed in the porcine inner cell mass at Day 7/8. A second striking difference was the expression of ATOH1 in piPSC‐like cells, which was absent in the inner cell mass. Moreover, our gene expression analyses plus correlation analyses of known pluripotency genes identified unique relationships between pluripotency genes in the inner cell mass, which are to some extent, in the piPSC‐like cells. This deficiency in downstream gene activation and divergent gene expression may be underlie the inability to derive germ line‐transmitting piPSCs, and provides unique insight into which genes are necessary to achieve fully reprogrammed piPSCs. 84: 229–245, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Secher
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University, Department of Histology and Embryology, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Animal Breeding, Quantitative Genetics and Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kaveh Mashayekhi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tong Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suchitra Muenthaisong
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Troels T Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dong Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shengting Li
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Institute for Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Neustadt, Germany
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lori Thombs
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Animal Breeding, Quantitative Genetics and Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bernard A J Roelen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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27
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Yang Z, Vajta G, Xu Y, Luan J, Lin M, Liu C, Tian J, Dou H, Li Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li L, Yang W, Bolund L, Yang H, Du Y. Production of Pigs by Hand-Made Cloning Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts. Cell Reprogram 2017; 18:256-63. [PMID: 27459584 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited self-renewal and less differentiation, making the MSCs promising candidates for adult somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this article, we tried to produce genome identical pigs through hand-made cloning (HMC), with MSCs and adult skin fibroblasts as donor cells. MSCs were derived from either adipose tissue or peripheral blood (aMSCs and bMSCs, respectively). MSCs usually showed the expression pattern of CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 together with lack of expression of the hematopoietic markers CD34and CD45. Flow cytometry results demonstrated high expression of CD29 and CD90 in both MSC lines, while CD73, CD34, and CD45 expression were not detected. In contrary, in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, CD73 and CD34 were detected indicating that human antibodies CD73 and CD34 were not suitable to identify porcine cell surface markers and porcine MSC cellular surface markers of CD34 might be different from other species. MSCs also had potential to differentiate successfully into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. After HMC, embryos reconstructed with aMSCs had higher blastocyst rate on day 5 and 6 than those reconstructed with bMSCs and fibroblasts (29.6% ± 1.3% and 41.1% ± 1.4% for aMSCs vs. 23.9% ± 1.2% and 35.5% ± 1.6% for bMSCs and 22.1% ± 0.9% and 33.3% ± 1.1% for fibroblasts, respectively). Live birth rate per transferred blastocyst achieved with bMSCs (1.59%) was the highest among the three groups. This article was the first report to compare the efficiency among bMSCs, aMSCs, and fibroblasts for boar cloning, which offered a realistic perspective to use the HMC technology for commercial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Gábor Vajta
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,3 Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ying Xu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Luan
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Mufei Lin
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Tian
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yutao Du
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
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28
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Callesen MM, Árnadóttir SS, Lyskjaer I, Ørntoft MBW, Høyer S, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Liu Y, Li R, Callesen H, Rasmussen MH, Berthelsen MF, Thomsen MK, Schweiger PJ, Jensen KB, Laurberg S, Ørntoft TF, Elverløv-Jakobsen JE, Andersen CL. A genetically inducible porcine model of intestinal cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1616-1629. [PMID: 28881081 PMCID: PMC5664002 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic porcine cancer models bring novel possibilities for research. Their physical similarities with humans enable the use of surgical procedures and treatment approaches used for patients, which facilitates clinical translation. Here, we aimed to develop an inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer. Transgenic (TG) minipigs were generated using somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. The pigs encode two TG cassettes: (a) an Flp recombinase‐inducible oncogene cassette containing KRAS‐G12D, cMYC, SV40LT – which inhibits p53 – and pRB and (b) a 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4‐OHT)‐inducible Flp recombinase activator cassette controlled by the intestinal epithelium‐specific villin promoter. Thirteen viable transgenic minipigs were born. The ability of 4‐OHT to activate the oncogene cassette was confirmed in vitro in TG colonic organoids and ex vivo in tissue biopsies obtained by colonoscopy. In order to provide proof of principle that the oncogene cassette could also successfully be activated in vivo, three pigs were perorally treated with 400 mg tamoxifen for 2 × 5 days. After two months, one pig developed a duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with a lymph node metastasis. Molecular analysis of the carcinoma and metastasis confirmed activation of the oncogene cassette. No tumor formation was observed in untreated TG pigs or in the remaining two treated pigs. The latter indicates that tamoxifen delivery can probably be improved. In summary, we have generated a novel inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer, which has the ability to form metastatic disease already two months after induction. The model may be helpful in bridging the gap between basic research and clinical usage. It opens new venues for longitudinal studies of tumor development and evolution, for preclinical assessment of new anticancer regimens, for pharmacology and toxicology assessments, as well as for studies into biological mechanisms of tumor formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M Callesen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Iben Lyskjaer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Mads H Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Pawel J Schweiger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Laurberg
- Surgical Department P, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Torben F Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Claus L Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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29
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Tao C, Li J, Zhang X, Chen B, Chi D, Zeng Y, Niu Y, Wang C, Cheng W, Wu W, Pan Z, Lian J, Liu H, Miao YL. Dynamic Reorganization of Nucleosome Positioning in Somatic Cells after Transfer into Porcine Enucleated Oocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:642-653. [PMID: 28689997 PMCID: PMC5549837 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, is a critical regulator of gene expression. The mechanisms governing changes to nucleosome occupancy and positioning during somatic cell reprogramming remain poorly understood. We established a method for generating genome-wide nucleosome maps of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), reconstructed 1-cell embryos generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and fertilized zygotes (FZ) using MNase sequencing with only 1,000 cells. We found that donor PEF chromatin, especially X chromosome, became more open after transfer into porcine oocytes and nucleosome occupancy decreased in promoters but increased in the genic regions. Nucleosome arrangements around transcriptional start sites of genes with different expression levels in somatic cells tended to become transcriptionally silent in SCNT; however, some pluripotency genes adopted transcriptionally active nucleosome arrangements. FZ and SCNT had similar characteristics, unlike PEF. This study reveals the dynamics and importance of nucleosome positioning and chromatin organization early after reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Baobao Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Daming Chi
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chengfei Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | | | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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30
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Sun JM, Cui KQ, Li ZP, Lu XR, Xu ZF, Liu QY, Huang B, Shi DS. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves the development and acetylation level of miniature porcine handmade cloning embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:763-774. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JM Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - KQ Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZP Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - XR Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZF Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - QY Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - DS Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
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31
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Gao H, Zhao C, Xiang X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li Z, Pan D, Dai Y, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Cai Z, Mou L. Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene double-deficient pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 and handmade cloning. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:17-26. [PMID: 27725344 PMCID: PMC5320426 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-knockout pigs hold great promise as a solution to the shortage of organs from donor animals for xenotransplantation. Several groups have generated
gene-knockout pigs via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Herein, we adopted a simple and micromanipulator-free method, handmade cloning (HMC) instead of SCNT, to generate double gene-knockout pigs. First, we applied
the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) genes simultaneously
in porcine fetal fibroblast cells (PFFs), which were derived from wild-type Chinese domestic miniature Wuzhishan pigs. Cell colonies were obtained by screening
and were identified by Surveyor assay and sequencing. Next, we chose the GGTA1/CMAH double-knockout (DKO) cells for HMC to produce piglets. As
a result, we obtained 11 live bi-allelic GGTA1/CMAH DKO piglets with the identical phenotype. Compared to cells from
GGTA1-knockout pigs, human antibody binding and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity were significantly reduced in cells from
GGTA1/CMAH DKO pigs, which demonstrated that our pigs would exhibit reduced humoral rejection in xenotransplantation. These data suggested
that the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and HMC technology provided an efficient and new strategy for producing pigs with multiple genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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32
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Zhou Y, Liu Y, Hussmann D, Brøgger P, Al-Saaidi RA, Tan S, Lin L, Petersen TS, Zhou GQ, Bross P, Aagaard L, Klein T, Rønn SG, Pedersen HD, Bolund L, Nielsen AL, Sørensen CB, Luo Y. Enhanced genome editing in mammalian cells with a modified dual-fluorescent surrogate system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2543-63. [PMID: 26755436 PMCID: PMC11108510 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Programmable DNA nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 are emerging as powerful tools for genome editing. Dual-fluorescent surrogate systems have been demonstrated by several studies to recapitulate DNA nuclease activity and enrich for genetically edited cells. In this study, we created a single-strand annealing-directed, dual-fluorescent surrogate reporter system, referred to as C-Check. We opted for the Golden Gate Cloning strategy to simplify C-Check construction. To demonstrate the utility of the C-Check system, we used the C-Check in combination with TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 in different scenarios of gene editing experiments. First, we disrupted the endogenous pIAPP gene (3.0 % efficiency) by C-Check-validated TALENs in primary porcine fibroblasts (PPFs). Next, we achieved gene-editing efficiencies of 9.0-20.3 and 4.9 % when performing single- and double-gene targeting (MAPT and SORL1), respectively, in PPFs using C-Check-validated CRISPR/Cas9 vectors. Third, fluorescent tagging of endogenous genes (MYH6 and COL2A1, up to 10.0 % frequency) was achieved in human fibroblasts with C-Check-validated CRISPR/Cas9 vectors. We further demonstrated that the C-Check system could be applied to enrich for IGF1R null HEK293T cells and CBX5 null MCF-7 cells with frequencies of nearly 100.0 and 86.9 %, respectively. Most importantly, we further showed that the C-Check system is compatible with multiplexing and for studying CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA specificity. The C-Check system may serve as an alternative dual-fluorescent surrogate tool for measuring DNA nuclease activity and enrichment of gene-edited cells, and may thereby aid in streamlining programmable DNA nuclease-mediated genome editing and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dianna Hussmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Brøgger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasha Abdelkadhem Al-Saaidi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Shuang Tan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Skov Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Guang Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tino Klein
- Department of Histology, Gubra A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Sif Groth Rønn
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- The Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Lade Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brandt Sørensen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark.
- The Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Kikuchi K, Kaneko H, Nakai M, Somfai T, Kashiwazaki N, Nagai T. Contribution of in vitro systems to preservation and utilization of porcine genetic resources. Theriogenology 2016; 86:170-5. [PMID: 27142488 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the conservation or preservation of mammalian genetic resources, especially farm animals, has been conducted under in situ conditions by maintaining living individuals as "livestock." However, systems for laboratory in vitro embryo production using gametes such as spermatozoa and oocytes are now available, in addition to ex situ preservation methods for mammalian genetic resources. One of these methods is the cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, and gonadal tissues. In pigs, freezing of sperm is the most reliable and well-established method for this purpose. On the other hand, cryopreservation of female gametes (oocytes) and gonadal tissues-usually by vitrification-has been associated with very low efficacies. Recently, in our laboratory, some research themes related to this issue have been pursued. We have been focusing on advances in porcine in vitro embryo production systems, and here, we introduce recent data on the vitrification of porcine immature oocytes and gonadal tissues followed by their xenografting into host mice to produce gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kaneko
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tamas Somfai
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashiwazaki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Liu T, Dou H, Xiang X, Li L, Li Y, Lin L, Pang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Luan J, Xu Y, Yang Z, Yang W, Liu H, Li F, Wang H, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G, Du Y. Factors Determining the Efficiency of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Data Analysis with Over 200,000 Reconstructed Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:463-71. [PMID: 26655078 PMCID: PMC4677548 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data analysis in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research is usually limited to several hundreds or thousands of reconstructed embryos. Here, we report mass results obtained with an established and consistent porcine SCNT system (handmade cloning [HMC]). During the experimental period, 228,230 reconstructed embryos and 82,969 blastocysts were produced. After being transferred into 656 recipients, 1070 piglets were obtained. First, the effects of different types of donor cells, including fetal fibroblasts (FFs), adult fibroblasts (AFs), adult preadipocytes (APs), and adult blood mesenchymal (BM) cells, were investigated on the further in vitro and in vivo development. Compared to adult donor cells (AFs, APs, BM cells, respectively), FF cells resulted in a lower blastocyst/reconstructed embryo rate (30.38% vs. 37.94%, 34.65%, and 34.87%, respectively), but a higher overall efficiency on the number of piglets born alive per total blastocysts transferred (1.50% vs. 0.86%, 1.03%, and 0.91%, respectively) and a lower rate of developmental abnormalities (10.87% vs. 56.57%, 24.39%, and 51.85%, respectively). Second, recloning was performed with cloned adult fibroblasts (CAFs) and cloned fetal fibroblasts (CFFs). When CAFs were used as the nuclear donor, fewer developmental abnormalities and higher overall efficiency were observed compared to AFs (56.57% vs. 28.13% and 0.86% vs. 1.59%, respectively). However, CFFs had an opposite effect on these parameters when compared with CAFs (94.12% vs. 10.87% and 0.31% vs. 1.50%, respectively). Third, effects of genetic modification on the efficiency of SCNT were investigated with transgenic fetal fibroblasts (TFFs) and gene knockout fetal fibroblasts (KOFFs). Genetic modification of FFs increased developmental abnormalities (38.96% and 25.24% vs. 10.87% for KOFFs, TFFs, and FFs, respectively). KOFFs resulted in lower overall efficiency compared to TFFs and FFs (0.68% vs. 1.62% and 1.50%, respectively). In conclusion, this is the first report of large-scale analysis of porcine cell nuclear transfer that provides important data for potential industrialization of HMC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin Li
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yijie Zhang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - Huan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feida Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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35
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Holm IE, Alstrup AKO, Luo Y. Genetically modified pig models for neurodegenerative disorders. J Pathol 2015; 238:267-87. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida E Holm
- Department of Pathology; Randers Hospital; 8930 Randers Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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36
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Zhao X, Yang Q, Zhao K, Jiang C, Ren D, Xu P, He X, Liao R, Jiang K, Ma J, Xiao S, Ren J, Xing Y. Production of Transgenic Pigs with an Introduced Missense Mutation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IB Gene Related to Prolificacy. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:925-37. [PMID: 26954151 PMCID: PMC4932586 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, transgenic animal technology has witnessed an increasingly wide application in animal breeding. Reproductive traits are economically important to the pig industry. It has been shown that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) A746G polymorphism is responsible for the fertility in sheep. However, this causal mutation exits exclusively in sheep and goat. In this study, we attempted to create transgenic pigs by introducing this mutation with the aim to improve reproductive traits in pigs. We successfully constructed a vector containing porcine BMPR1B coding sequence (CDS) with the mutant G allele of A746G mutation. In total, we obtained 24 cloned male piglets using handmade cloning (HMC) technique, and 12 individuals survived till maturation. A set of polymerase chain reactions indicated that 11 of 12 matured boars were transgene-positive individuals, and that the transgenic vector was most likely disrupted during cloning. Of 11 positive pigs, one (No. 11) lost a part of the terminator region but had the intact promoter and the CDS regions. cDNA sequencing showed that the introduced allele (746G) was expressed in multiple tissues of transgene-positive offspring of No.11. Western blot analysis revealed that BMPR1B protein expression in multiple tissues of transgene-positive F1 piglets was 0.5 to 2-fold higher than that in the transgene-negative siblings. The No. 11 boar showed normal litter size performance as normal pigs from the same breed. Transgene-positive F1 boars produced by No. 11 had higher semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate than the negative siblings, although the differences did not reached statistical significance. Transgene-positive F1 sows had similar litter size performance to the negative siblings, and more data are needed to adequately assess the litter size performance. In conclusion, we obtained 24 cloned transgenic pigs with the modified porcine BMPR1B CDS using HMC. cDNA sequencing and western blot indicated that the exogenous BMPR1B CDS was successfully expressed in host pigs. The transgenic pigs showed normal litter size performance. However, no significant differences in litter size were found between transgene-positive and negative sows. Our study provides new insight into producing cloned transgenic livestock related to reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dongren Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rongrong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Handmade cloning: recent advances, potential and pitfalls. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:43. [PMID: 26473031 PMCID: PMC4606838 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Handmade cloning (HMC) is the most awaited, simple and micromanipulator-free version of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The requirement of expensive micromanipulators and skilled expertise is eliminated in this technique, proving it as a major revolution in the field of embryology. During the past years, many modifications have been incorporated in this technique to boost its efficiency. This alternative approach to micromanipulator based traditional cloning (TC) works wonder in generating comparable or even higher birth rates in addition to declining costs drastically and enabling cryopreservation. This technique is not only applicable to intraspecies nuclear transfer but also to interspecies nuclear transfer (iSCNT) thus permitting conservation of endangered species. It also offers unique possibilities for automation of SCNT which aims at production of transgenic animals that can cure certain human diseases by producing therapeutics hence, providing a healthier future for the wellbeing of humans. The present review aims at highlighting certain aspects of HMC including recent advancements in procedure and factors involved in elevating its efficiency besides covering the potentials and pitfalls of this technique.
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Schmidt M, Winther KD, Secher JO, Callesen H. Postmortem findings in cloned and transgenic piglets dead before weaning. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1014-23. [PMID: 26166169 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Important factors contributing to the well-known high mortality of piglets produced by SCNT are gross malformations of vital organs. The aim of the present retrospective study was to describe malformations found in cloned piglets, transgenic or not, dying or culled before weaning on Day 28. Large White (LW) embryos were transferred to 78 LW recipients, while 72 recipients received Göttingen embryos (67 transgenic and five not transgenic) and 56 received Yucatan embryos (43 transgenic and 13 not transgenic). Overall pregnancy rate was 76%, and there were more abortions in recipients with minipig embryos than in those with LW embryos (26% and 24% vs. 6%). Piglets (n = 815) were born from 128 sows with 6.5 ± 0.4 full-born piglets per litter. The overall rate of stillborn piglets was 21% of all born with the number of stillborn piglets ranging from one to nine in a litter. The mortality of the surviving piglets during the first month was 48%. Thus, altogether 58% of the full-born piglets died before weaning. In 87 of the 128 litters (68%), one to 12 of the piglets showed major or minor malformations. Malformations were found in 232 piglets (29.5% of all born). A single malformation was registered in 152 piglets, but several piglets showed two (n = 58) or more (n = 23) malformations (7.4% and 2.8% of all born, respectively). A significantly higher malformation rate was found in transgenic Göttingen and Yucatan piglets (32% and 46% of all born, respectively) than in nontransgenic LW (17%). There was a gender difference in the transgenic minipigs because male piglets had a higher rate of malformations (49.1%) than females (29.7%). The most common defects in the cloned piglets were in the digestive (12.2%), circulatory (9.4%), reproductive (11.3%), and musculoskeletal (9.1%) systems. Malformations of the musculoskeletal system were most frequent in Göttingen (16.3% vs. approximately 5.5% in the two other breeds), whereas abnormal cardiopulmonary systems were most frequent in Yucatan piglets (26.9% vs. 2.1% in LW and 5.3% in Göttingen). In conclusion, these results show that pig cloning results in a considerable loss of piglets and that many of these can be related to various malformations that all are also seen in noncloned piglets. Because approximately half of the cloned piglets still survive, even with eventual unknown minor malformations, use of pigs as models for human diseases is still realistic. However, continued efforts are needed to further reduce the level of malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Section of Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - K D Winther
- Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Kjellerup, Denmark
| | - J O Secher
- Section of Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - H Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Targeted mutations in myostatin by zinc-finger nucleases result in double-muscled phenotype in Meishan pigs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14435. [PMID: 26400270 PMCID: PMC4585837 DOI: 10.1038/srep14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a dominant inhibitor of skeletal muscle development and growth. Mutations in MSTN gene can lead to muscle hypertrophy or double-muscled (DM) phenotype in cattle, sheep, dog and human. However, there has not been reported significant muscle phenotypes in pigs in association with MSTN mutations. Pigs are an important source of meat production, as well as serve as a preferred animal model for the studies of human disease. To study the impacts of MSTN mutations on skeletal muscle growth in pigs, we generated MSTN-mutant Meishan pigs with no marker gene via zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) technology. The MSTN-mutant pigs developed and grew normally, had increased muscle mass with decreased fat accumulation compared with wild type pigs, and homozygote MSTN mutant (MSTN−/−) pigs had apparent DM phenotype, and individual muscle mass increased by 100% over their wild-type controls (MSTN+/+) at eight months of age as a result of myofiber hyperplasia. Interestingly, 20% MSTN-mutant pigs had one extra thoracic vertebra. The MSTN-mutant pigs will not only offer a way of fast genetic improvement of lean meat for local fat-type indigenous pig breeds, but also serve as an important large animal model for biomedical studies of musculoskeletal formation, development and diseases.
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40
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Moro LN, Jarazo J, Buemo C, Hiriart MI, Sestelo A, Salamone DF. Tiger, Bengal and Domestic Cat Embryos Produced by Homospecific and Interspecific Zona-Free Nuclear Transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:849-57. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LN Moro
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J Jarazo
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C Buemo
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MI Hiriart
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A Sestelo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology; Zoological Garden of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DF Salamone
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Ju H, Zhang J, Bai L, Mu Y, Du Y, Yang W, Li Y, Sheng A, Li K. The transgenic cloned pig population with integrated and controllable GH expression that has higher feed efficiency and meat production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10152. [PMID: 25959098 PMCID: PMC5386205 DOI: 10.1038/srep10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained expression of the GH gene has been shown to have detrimental effects on the health of animals. In the current study, transgenic founder pigs, with controllable pig growth hormone (pGH) expression, were cloned via the handmade cloning method (HMC), and pGH expression levels were examined at the cellular and organismal levels. The serum pGH levels in 3 founder male pigs were found to be significantly higher after induction with intramuscular injection of doxycycline (DOX) compared to baseline. A daily dose of DOX was administered via feed to these animals for a period of 65 to 155 days. The growth rate, feed efficiency and pGH serum concentration increased in the DOX-induced transgenic group compared with the other groups. 8 numbers of animals were euthanized and the dressing percentage, loin muscle and lean meat percentage were significantly higher in the DOX-induced F1 transgenic group compared with the other groups. In this study a large population of transgenic pigs, with integrated controllable expression of a transgene, was obtained. The transgenic pigs were healthy and normal in terms of reproductive capability. At the same time, feed efficiency was improved, production processes were accelerated and meat yield was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Ju
- 1] Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China [2] College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 25009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China [2] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Anzhi Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 25009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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42
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Overexpression of Porcine Beta-Defensin 2 Enhances Resistance to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection in Pigs. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2836-43. [PMID: 25916992 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03101-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the need for antibiotics in animal production, alternative approaches are needed to control infection. We hypothesized that overexpression of native defensin genes will provide food animals with enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. In this study, recombinant porcine beta-defensin 2 (PBD-2) was overexpressed in stably transfected PK-15 porcine kidney cells. PBD-2 antibacterial activities against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, were evaluated on agar plates. Transgenic pigs constitutively overexpressing PBD-2 were produced by a somatic cell cloning method, and their resistance to bacterial infection was evaluated by direct or cohabitation infection with A. pleuropneumoniae. Recombinant PBD-2 peptide that was overexpressed in the PK-15 cells showed antibacterial activity against A. pleuropneumoniae. PBD-2 was overexpressed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and jejunum of the transgenic pigs, which showed significantly lower bacterial loads in the lungs and reduced lung lesions after direct or cohabitation infection with A. pleuropneumoniae. The results demonstrate that transgenic overexpression of PBD-2 in pigs confers enhanced resistance against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
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Siriboon C, Tu CF, Kere M, Liu MS, Chang HJ, Ho LL, Tai ME, Fang WD, Lo NW, Tseng JK, Ju JC. Production of viable cloned miniature pigs by aggregation of handmade cloned embryos at the 4-cell stage. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:395-406. [PMID: 23544704 DOI: 10.1071/rd12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to improve the quality of handmade cloned porcine embryos by multiple embryo aggregations. Embryos derived from aggregation of three cloned embryos (3×) had a better blastocyst rate than cloned control (1×) embryos (73.6% vs 35.1%, respectively; P<0.05), but did not differ from those produced by aggregation of two cloned embryos (2×; 63.0%). Total cell numbers differed among treatments (P<0.05), with the greatest cell numbers (126) in the 3× group and the lowest (55) in the control group. The ratio of inner cell mass:total cell number was comparable in the 2× and 3× groups (25.1% vs 26.1%, respectively) and was significantly better than that in the control group (15.3%). The proportion of apoptotic cells in 2× and 3× groups was lower than that in the control group (2.7% and 2.2% vs 4.7%, respectively; P<0.05). Expression of Oct4 and Cdx2 was higher, whereas that of Bax was lower (P<0.05), in the 3× compared with non-aggregate group. Seven piglets were born to two surrogate mothers after embryo transfer of 3× aggregated blastocysts. In conclusion, aggregated embryos had greater total cell numbers and better pluripotency gene expression, with reduced expression of the pro-apoptosis gene Bax. Collectively, these improvement may be associated with the development of cloned embryos to term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Siriboon
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michel Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Sing Liu
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Jung Chang
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lin-Lin Ho
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-En Tai
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Der Fang
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Neng-Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, 181, Sec. 3, Taichung Harbor Road, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin L, Luo Y, Sørensen P, Prætorius H, Vajta G, Callesen H, Pribenszky C, Bolund L, Kristensen TN. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on genomic expression profiling of porcine parthenogenetic activated and cloned embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:469-84. [PMID: 24618454 DOI: 10.1071/rd13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Handmade cloning (HMC) has been used to generate transgenic pigs for biomedical research. Recently, we found that parthenogenetic activation (PA) of porcine oocytes and improved HMC efficiency could be achieved by treatment with sublethal high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of HHP treatment on embryonic development is poorly understood and so was investigated in the present study. Thus, in the present study, we undertook genome-wide gene expression analysis in HHP-treated and untreated oocytes, as well as in 4-cell and blastocyst stage embryos derived by PA or HMC. Hierarchical clustering depicted stage-specific genomic expression profiling. At the 4-cell and blastocyst stages, 103 and 163 transcripts were differentially expressed between the HMC and PA embryos, respectively (P<0.05). These transcripts are predominantly involved in regulating cellular differentiation, gene expression and cell-to-cell signalling. We found that 44 transcripts were altered by HHP treatment, with most exhibiting lower expression in HHP-treated oocytes. Genes involved in embryonic development were prominent among the transcripts affected by HHP. Two of these genes (INHBB and ME3) were further validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We also observed that HHP treatment activated expression of the imprinting gene DLX5 in 4-cell PA embryos. In conclusion, our genomic expression profiling data suggest that HHP alters the RNA constitution in porcine oocytes and affects the expression of imprinting genes during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Helle Prætorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI/HuaDa, Beishan Road 10, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Csaba Pribenszky
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygård Kristensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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Niu Y, Wang C, Xiong Q, Yang X, Chi D, Li P, Liu H, Li J, Huang R. Distribution and content of lipid droplets and mitochondria in pig parthenogenetically activated embryos after delipation. Theriogenology 2014; 83:131-8. [PMID: 25280581 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of delipation on developmental competence and the distribution pattern of lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria in parthenogenetically activated (PA) pig embryos. Mature oocytes were delipated by centrifugation after partial digestion of the zonae pellucidae, subjected to parthenogenetic activation after total removal of zonae pellucidae by pronase, and then cultured in vitro up to the blastocyst stage. The contents and distributions of LDs and mitochondria in the oocytes and/or embryos were observed by staining with Oil Red O and MitoTracker Red CMXRos, respectively. The LD and mitochondrial contents were significantly reduced by the delipation process, and only smaller LDs remained in the delipated oocytes and/or embryos. Their content remained constant from the metaphase II oocyte to the blastocyst stage, but they became gradually smaller as the oocytes and/or embryos developed. The distribution pattern of the LDs in the delipated embryos changed over time and in a manner different to that seen in the controls. In the early developmental stages (1- to 4-cell stages), they were distributed peripherally and formed a ring around the nucleus. However, by the blastocyst stage, a homogeneous distribution of LDs was observed in both the inner cell mass and trophectoderm. The distribution pattern of mitochondria also changed with the development of the delipated PA embryos and again, in ways different to those seen in the controls. In the early 1- to 4-cell stages, a peripheral distribution of mitochondrial foci was observed in each blastomere. However, in blastocysts, the mitochondria were homogeneously distributed throughout the inner cell mass and trophectoderm. Although the cleavage rate at the 2- and 4-cell stages of the PA embryos was not affected by delipation (95.83 ± 2.25% vs. 97.44 ± 0.67%; 79.17 ± 4.47% vs. 84.62 ± 1.19%), it was reduced significantly in the blastocyst compared with the controls (21.67 ± 3.78% vs. 49.36 ± 1.77%). The distribution pattern of the LDs in oocytes and/or embryos at different developmental stages, and that of the mitochondria in metaphase II oocytes, was affected by delipation. The developmental competence of porcine PA embryos would appear to be affected by delipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Niu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Daming Chi
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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Expression profile of developmentally important genes between hand-made cloned buffalo embryos produced from reprogramming of donor cell with oocytes extract and selection of recipient cytoplast through brilliant cresyl blue staining and in vitro fertilized embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1541-52. [PMID: 25141841 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the expression profile of developmentally important genes between hand-made cloned buffalo embryos produced from reprogramming of donor cell with oocyte extracts and selection of recipient cytoplast through brilliant cresyl blue staining and in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. METHODS Hand-made cloned embryos were produced using oocyte extracts treated donor cells and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) stained recipient cytoplasts. IVF embryos were produced by culturing 15-20 COCs in BO capacitated sperms from frozen thawed buffalo semen and the mRNA expression patterns of genes implicated in metabolism (GLUT1), pluripotency (OCT4), DNA methylation (DNMT1), pro- apoptosis (BAX) and anti-apoptosis (BCL2) were evaluated at 8- to16- cell stage embryos. RESULTS A significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of 8- to16- cell and blastocyst stages (73.9 %, 32.8 %, respectively) were reported in hand-made cloning (HMC) as compared to in vitro fertilization (49.2 %, 24.2 %, respectively). The amount of RNA recovered from 8- to 16- cell embryos of HMC and in vitro fertilization did not appear to be influenced by the method of embryo generation (3.76 ± 0.61 and 3.82 ± 0.62 ng/μl for HMC and in vitro fertilization embryos, respectively). There were no differences in the expression of the mRNA transcripts of genes (GLUT1, OCT4, DNMT1, BAX and BCL2) were analysed by real-time PCR between hand-made cloned and IVF embryos. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment of donor cells with oocyte extracts and selection of developmentally competent oocytes through BCB staining for recipient cytoplast preparations may enhance expression of developmentally important genes GLUT1, OCT4, DNMT1, BAX, and BCL2 in hand-made cloned embryos at levels similar to IVF counterparts. These results also support the notion that if developmental differences observed in HMC and in vitro fertilization produced foetuses and neonates are the results of aberrant gene expression during the pre-implantation stage, those differences in expression are subtle or appear after the maternal to zygotic transition stage of development.
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Generation of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts: effects of different activation methods and culture media. ZYGOTE 2014; 23:327-35. [PMID: 24405529 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199413000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different activation methods and culture media on the in vitro development of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts. Calcium (Ca2+) ionophore, ethanol or a combination of the two, used as activating reagents, and embryo development medium (EDM), modified Charles Rosenkrans (mCR2a) medium and research vitro cleave (RVCL) medium were used to evaluate the developmental competence of goat blastocysts. Quantitative expression of apoptosis, stress and developmental competence-related genes were analysed in different stages of embryos. In RVCL medium, the cleavage rate of Ca2+ ionophore-treated oocytes (79.61 ± 0.86) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in ethanol (74.90 ± 1.51) or in the combination of both Ca2+ ionophore and ethanol. In mCR2a or EDM, hatched blastocyst production rate of Ca2+ ionophore-treated oocytes (8.33 ± 1.44) was significantly higher than in ethanol (6.46 ± 0.11) or in the combined treatment (6.70 ± 0.24). In ethanol, the cleavage, blastocyst and hatched blastocyst production rates in RVCL medium (74.90 ± 1.51, 18.30 ± 1.52 and 8.24 ± 0.15, respectively) were significantly higher than in EDM (67.81 ± 3.21, 14.59 ± 0.27 and 5.59 ± 0.42) or mCR2a medium (65.09 ± 1.57, 15.36 ± 0.52 and 6.46 ± 0.11). The expression of BAX, Oct-4 and GlUT1 transcripts increased gradually from 2-cell stage to blastocyst-stage embryos, whereas the transcript levels of Bcl-2 and MnSOD were significantly lower in blastocysts. In addition, different activation methods and culture media had little effect on the pattern of variation and relative abundance of the above genes in different stages of parthenogenetic activated goat embryos. In conclusion, Ca2+ ionophore as the activating agent, and RVCL as the culture medium are better than other tested options for development of parthenogenetic activated goat blastocysts.
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Abstract
The effects of cytoplasmic volumes on development and developmental kinetics of in vitro produced porcine embryos were investigated. During hand-made cloning (HMC), selected cytoplasts were separated into two groups according to their size in relation to the initial oocyte: ~75% or ~50%. Following two fusion steps and activation (day 0), reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro for 6 days. Cleavage rates on day 2 as well as blastocyst rates and cell numbers on day 6 were recorded. Results showed that embryo development was no different for ~50% versus ~75% cytoplasm at first fusion. This result was used in the following experiments, where the effect of varying cytoplasm volume in second fusion to obtain a final cytoplasm volume of ~75% to ~200% was tested. The results showed that the lowest quality was obtained when the final cytoplasm volume was ~75% and the highest quality at ~200% of the original oocyte. Similar results were observed in parthenogenetic (PA) embryos activated with different cytoplasmic volumes. A common pattern for the developmental kinetics of HMC and PA embryos was observed: the smaller group tended to have a longer time for the first two cell cycles, but subsequently a shorter time to form morula and blastocyst. In conclusion, the developmental kinetics of in vitro produced embryos was affected by the cytoplasm volume of the initial oocyte, and this further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
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Liu H, Li Y, Wei Q, Liu C, Bolund L, Vajta G, Dou H, Yang W, Xu Y, Luan J, Wang J, Yang H, Staunstrup NH, Du Y. Development of transgenic minipigs with expression of antimorphic human cryptochrome 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76098. [PMID: 24146819 PMCID: PMC3797822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minipigs have become important biomedical models for human ailments due to similarities in organ anatomy, physiology, and circadian rhythms relative to humans. The homeostasis of circadian rhythms in both central and peripheral tissues is pivotal for numerous biological processes. Hence, biological rhythm disorders may contribute to the onset of cancers and metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes, amongst others. A tight regulation of circadian clock effectors ensures a rhythmic expression profile of output genes which, depending on cell type, constitute about 3-20% of the transcribed mammalian genome. Central to this system is the negative regulator protein Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) of which the dysfunction or absence has been linked to the pathogenesis of rhythm disorders. In this study, we generated transgenic Bama-minipigs featuring expression of the Cys414-Ala antimorphic human Cryptochrome 1 mutant (hCRY1(AP)). Using transgenic donor fibroblasts as nuclear donors, the method of handmade cloning (HMC) was used to produce reconstructed embryos, subsequently transferred to surrogate sows. A total of 23 viable piglets were delivered. All were transgenic and seemingly healthy. However, two pigs with high transgene expression succumbed during the first two months. Molecular analyzes in epidermal fibroblasts demonstrated disturbances to the expression profile of core circadian clock genes and elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, known to be risk factors in cancer and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gábor Vajta
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicklas Heine Staunstrup
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail: (YD); (NHS)
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- BGI Ark Biotechnology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (NHS)
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