1
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Jäger N, Ayyub SA, Peske F, Liedtke D, Bohne J, Hoffmann M, Rodnina MV, Pöhlmann S. The Inhibition of Gag-Pol Expression by the Restriction Factor Shiftless Is Dispensable for the Restriction of HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:583. [PMID: 38675925 PMCID: PMC11055011 DOI: 10.3390/v16040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced host cell protein Shiftless (SFL) inhibits -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) required for the expression of HIV-1 Gal-Pol and the formation of infectious HIV-1 particles. However, the specific regions in SFL required for antiviral activity and the mechanism by which SFL inhibits -1PRF remain unclear. Employing alanine scanning mutagenesis, we found that basic amino acids in the predicted zinc ribbon motif of SFL are essential for the suppression of Gag-Pol expression but dispensable for anti-HIV-1 activity. We have shown that SFL inhibits the expression of the murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag-Pol polyprotein and the formation of infectious MLV particles, although Gag-Pol expression of MLV is independent of -1PRF but requires readthrough of a stop codon. These findings indicate that SFL might inhibit HIV-1 infection by more than one mechanism and that SFL might target programmed translational readthrough as well as -1PRF signals, both of which are regulated by mRNA secondary structure elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Jäger
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shreya Ahana Ayyub
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.A.A.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Frank Peske
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.A.A.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (M.V.R.)
| | - David Liedtke
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.A.A.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Jens Bohne
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina V. Rodnina
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.A.A.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Snyder BL, Huang R, Burkholder AB, Donahue DR, Mahler BW, Bortner CD, Lai WS, Blackshear PJ. Synergistic roles of tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells in the control of inflammation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302222. [PMID: 37903626 PMCID: PMC10616675 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins can bind to and promote the decay of specific transcripts containing AU-rich motifs. ZFP36 (TTP) is best known for regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells; however, its mammalian paralogues ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have not been viewed as important in controlling inflammation. We knocked out these genes in myeloid cells in mice, singly and together. Single-gene myeloid-specific knockouts resulted in almost no spontaneous phenotypes. In contrast, mice with myeloid cell deficiency of all three genes developed severe inflammation, with a median survival of 8 wk. Macrophages from these mice expressed many more stabilized transcripts than cells from myeloid-specific TTP knockout mice; many of these encoded pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The failure of weight gain, arthritis, and early death could be prevented completely by two normal alleles of any of the three paralogues, and even one normal allele of Zfp36 or Zfp36l2 was enough to prevent the inflammatory phenotype. Our findings emphasize the importance of all three family members, acting in concert, in myeloid cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Snyder
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- NIH Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beth W Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Bortner
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Long S, Yan Y, Xu H, Wang L, Jiang J, Xu Z, Liu R, Zhou Q, Huang X, Chen J, Li Z, Wei W, Li X. Insights into the regulatory role of RNA methylation modifications in glioma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:810. [PMID: 37964279 PMCID: PMC10644640 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic abnormalities, which are highly prevalent in primary central nervous system malignancies, have been identified as crucial contributors to the development and progression of gliomas. RNA epitranscriptomic modifications, particularly the reversible modification methylation, have been observed throughout the RNA cycle. Epitranscriptomic modifications, which regulate RNA transcription and translation, have profound biological implications. These modifications are associated with the development of several cancer types. Notably, three main protein types-writers, erasers, and readers, in conjunction with other related proteins, mediate these epitranscriptomic changes. This review primarily focuses on the role of recently identified RNA methylation modifications in gliomas, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A). We delved into their corresponding writers, erasers, readers, and related binding proteins to propose new approaches and prognostic indicators for patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lesheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiazhi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ziyue Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Runming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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4
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Pijuan J, Moreno DF, Yahya G, Moisa M, Ul Haq I, Krukiewicz K, Mosbah R, Metwally K, Cavalu S. Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2053-2071. [PMID: 37804207 PMCID: PMC10616654 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all eukaryote organisms because of its redox properties, which are important for many biological processes such as DNA synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen transport, lipid, and carbon metabolism. For this reason, living organisms have developed different strategies and mechanisms to optimally regulate iron acquisition, transport, storage, and uptake in different environmental responses. Moreover, iron plays an essential role during microbial infections. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been of key importance for decrypting iron homeostasis and regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes. Specifically, the transcription factors Aft1/Aft2 and Yap5 regulate the expression of genes to control iron metabolism in response to its deficiency or excess, adapting to the cell's iron requirements and its availability in the environment. We also review which iron-related virulence factors have the most common fungal human pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans). These factors are essential for adaptation in different host niches during pathogenesis, including different fungal-specific iron-uptake mechanisms. While being necessary for virulence, they provide hope for developing novel antifungal treatments, which are currently scarce and usually toxic for patients. In this review, we provide a compilation of the current knowledge about the metabolic response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular MedicineInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - David F. Moreno
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Systems Biology InstituteYale UniversityWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityAl SharqiaEgypt
| | - Mihaela Moisa
- Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of OradeaOradeaRomania
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymers TechnologySilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Inovação TecnológicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymers TechnologySilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid ElectronicsSilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Rasha Mosbah
- Infection Control UnitHospitals of Zagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Kamel Metwally
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of OradeaOradeaRomania
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5
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Xiang M, Liu L, Wu T, Wei B, Liu H. RNA-binding proteins in degenerative joint diseases: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101870. [PMID: 36746279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are conserved proteins comprising multiple intermediate sequences, can interact with proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) of coding genes, and non-coding RNAs to perform different biological functions, such as the regulation of mRNA stability, selective polyadenylation, and the management of non-coding microRNA (miRNA) synthesis to affect downstream targets. This article will highlight the functions of RBPs, in degenerative joint diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD] and osteoarthritis [OA]). It will reviews the latest advancements on the regulatory mechanism of RBPs in degenerative joint diseases, in order to understand the pathophysiology, early diagnosis and treatment of OA and IVDD from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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6
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Park J, Rah SY, An HS, Lee JY, Roh GS, Ryter SW, Park JW, Yang CH, Surh YJ, Kim UH, Chung HT, Joe Y. Metformin-induced TTP mediates communication between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes to alleviate hepatic steatosis by regulating lipophagy and necroptosis. Metabolism 2023; 141:155516. [PMID: 36773805 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatocytes protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to the reduction of steatosis in NAFLD remain obscure. METHODS Ttp+/+ and Ttp-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet. Hepatic steatosis was analyzed by Nile Red staining and measurement of inflammatory cytokines. Lipid accumulation and cell death were evaluated in co-culture systems with primary hepatocytes and KCs derived from either Ttp+/+ or Ttp-/- mice. RESULTS Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA binding protein, was essential for the protective effects of metformin in NAFLD. Metformin activated TTP via the AMPK-Sirt1 pathway in hepatocytes and KCs. TTP inhibited TNF-α production in KCs, which in turn decreased hepatocyte necroptosis. Downregulation of Rheb expression by TTP promoted hepatocyte lipophagy via mTORC1 inhibition and increased nuclear translocation of transcription factor-EB (TFEB). Consistently, TTP-deficient NAFLD mice failed to respond to metformin with respect to alleviation of hepatic steatosis, protection of hepatocyte necroptosis, or induction of lipophagy. CONCLUSIONS TTP, which is essential for the protective effects of metformin, may represent a novel primary therapeutic target in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Seok An
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Woo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Matheson LS, Petkau G, Sáenz-Narciso B, D'Angeli V, McHugh J, Newman R, Munford H, West J, Chakraborty K, Roberts J, Łukasiak S, Díaz-Muñoz MD, Bell SE, Dimeloe S, Turner M. Multiomics analysis couples mRNA turnover and translational control of glutamine metabolism to the differentiation of the activated CD4 + T cell. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19657. [PMID: 36385275 PMCID: PMC9669047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ZFP36 family of RNA-binding proteins acts post-transcriptionally to repress translation and promote RNA decay. Studies of genes and pathways regulated by the ZFP36 family in CD4+ T cells have focussed largely on cytokines, but their impact on metabolic reprogramming and differentiation is unclear. Using CD4+ T cells lacking Zfp36 and Zfp36l1, we combined the quantification of mRNA transcription, stability, abundance and translation with crosslinking immunoprecipitation and metabolic profiling to determine how they regulate T cell metabolism and differentiation. Our results suggest that ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 act directly to limit the expression of genes driving anabolic processes by two distinct routes: by targeting transcription factors and by targeting transcripts encoding rate-limiting enzymes. These enzymes span numerous metabolic pathways including glycolysis, one-carbon metabolism and glutaminolysis. Direct binding and repression of transcripts encoding glutamine transporter SLC38A2 correlated with increased cellular glutamine content in ZFP36/ZFP36L1-deficient T cells. Increased conversion of glutamine to α-ketoglutarate in these cells was consistent with direct binding of ZFP36/ZFP36L1 to Gls (encoding glutaminase) and Glud1 (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase). We propose that ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as well as glutamine and α-ketoglutarate are limiting factors for the acquisition of the cytotoxic CD4+ T cell fate. Our data implicate ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 in limiting glutamine anaplerosis and differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells, likely mediated by direct binding to transcripts of critical genes that drive these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Beatriz Sáenz-Narciso
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D'Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: IONTAS, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3EF, UK
| | - Jessica McHugh
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Nature Reviews Rheumatology, The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, UK
| | - Rebecca Newman
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, Herts, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, IBR, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB), IVIVT, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sebastian Łukasiak
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel D Díaz-Muñoz
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, BP3028, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, IBR, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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8
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Snyder BL, Blackshear PJ. Clinical implications of tristetraprolin (TTP) modulation in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108198. [PMID: 35525391 PMCID: PMC9636069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mediators can contribute to the excess inflammation characteristic of many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes, and many others. The tristetraprolin (TTP) family consists of a small group of related RNA-binding proteins that bind to preferred AU-rich binding sites within the 3'-untranslated regions of specific mRNAs to promote mRNA deadenylation and decay. TTP deficient mice develop a severe systemic inflammatory syndrome consisting of arthritis, myeloid hyperplasia, dermatitis, autoimmunity and cachexia, due at least in part to the excess accumulation of proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine mRNAs and their encoded proteins. To investigate the possibility that increased TTP expression or activity might have a beneficial effect on inflammatory diseases, at least two mouse models have been developed that provide proof of principle that increasing TTP activity can promote the decay of pro-inflammatory and other relevant transcripts, and decrease the severity of mouse models of inflammatory disease. Animal studies of this type are summarized here, and we briefly review the prospects for harnessing these insights for the development of TTP-based anti-inflammatory treatments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Snyder
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
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9
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Maciej VD, Mateva N, Schwarz J, Dittmers T, Mallick M, Urlaub H, Chakrabarti S. Intrinsically disordered regions of tristetraprolin and DCP2 directly interact to mediate decay of ARE-mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10665-10679. [PMID: 36130271 PMCID: PMC9561381 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is a potent activator of mRNA decay, specifically for transcripts bearing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3′-untranslated regions. TTP functions as a mediator for mRNA decay by interacting with the decay machinery and recruiting it to the target ARE-mRNA. In this study, we report a weak, but direct interaction between TTP and the human decapping enzyme DCP2, which impacts the stability of ARE transcripts. The TTP–DCP2 interaction is unusual as it involves intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of both binding partners. We show that the IDR of DCP2 has a propensity for oligomerization and liquid–liquid phase separation in vitro. Binding of TTP to DCP2 leads to its partitioning into phase-separated droplets formed by DCP2, suggesting that molecular crowding might facilitate the weak interaction between the two proteins and enable assembly of a decapping-competent mRNA–protein complex on TTP-bound transcripts in cells. Our studies underline the role of weak interactions in the cellular interaction network and their contribution towards cellular functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Maciej
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nevena Mateva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Robert Koch Strasse 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Dittmers
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Megha Mallick
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Goettingen, Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Robert Koch Strasse 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sutapa Chakrabarti
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Pawlak M, DeTomaso D, Schnell A, Meyer Zu Horste G, Lee Y, Nyman J, Dionne D, Regan BML, Singh V, Delorey T, Schramm MA, Wang C, Wallrapp A, Burkett PR, Riesenfeld SJ, Anderson AC, Regev A, Xavier RJ, Yosef N, Kuchroo VK. Induction of a colitogenic phenotype in Th1-like cells depends on interleukin-23 receptor signaling. Immunity 2022; 55:1663-1679.e6. [PMID: 36070768 PMCID: PMC9808605 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 receptor plays a critical role in inducing inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we report that Th1-like cells differentiated in vitro with IL-12 + IL-21 showed similar IL-23R expression to that of pathogenic Th17 cells using eGFP reporter mice. Fate mapping established that these cells did not transition through a Th17 cell state prior to becoming Th1-like cells, and we observed their emergence in vivo in the T cell adoptive transfer colitis model. Using IL-23R-deficient Th1-like cells, we demonstrated that IL-23R was required for the development of a highly colitogenic phenotype. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of intestinal T cells identified IL-23R-dependent genes in Th1-like cells that differed from those expressed in Th17 cells. The perturbation of one of these regulators (CD160) in Th1-like cells inhibited the induction of colitis. We thus uncouple IL-23R as a purely Th17 cell-specific factor and implicate IL-23R signaling as a pathogenic driver in Th1-like cells inducing tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pawlak
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David DeTomaso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Center for Computational Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Horste
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jackson Nyman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brianna M L Regan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Toni Delorey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Markus A Schramm
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, MGH, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Center for Computational Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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11
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A conserved domain of Drosophila RNA-binding protein Pumilio interacts with multiple CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex subunits to repress target mRNAs. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102270. [PMID: 35850301 PMCID: PMC9418443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumilio is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that controls development, stem cell fate, and neurological functions in Drosophila. Pumilio represses protein expression by destabilizing target mRNAs in a manner dependent on the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. Three unique repression domains in the N-terminal region of Pumilio were previously shown to recruit CCR4-NOT, but how they do so was not well understood. In this study, we identified the motifs that are necessary and sufficient for the activity of the third repression domain of Pumilio, designated RD3, which is present in all isoforms and has conserved regulatory function. We identified multiple conserved regions of RD3 that are important for repression activity in cell-based reporter gene assays. Using yeast two hybrid assays, we show that RD3 contacts specific regions of the Not1, Not2, and Not3 subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex. Our results indicate that RD3 makes multivalent interactions with CCR4-NOT mediated by conserved short linear interaction motifs. Specifically, two phenylalanine residues in RD3 make crucial contacts with Not1 that are essential for its repression activity. Using reporter gene assays, we also identify three new target mRNAs that are repressed by Pumilio and show that RD3 contributes to their regulation. Together, these results provide important insights into the mechanism by which Pumilio recruits CCR4-NOT to regulate the expression of target mRNAs.
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12
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Identification of potential biomarkers and immune-related pathways related to immune infiltration in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Transpl Immunol 2022; 74:101652. [PMID: 35764238 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a medical condition caused by the ischemic necrosis of cardiac tissues, is due to sudden occlusion of the coronary arteries in patients including transplant recipients. It is the leading reason for death and disability worldwide. This study aimed to search potential biomarkers related to the progression of AMI and identify the related immune-related pathways, as also examine their association with the immune cell infiltration and diagnostic value for AMI. METHODS Datasets of gene microarray were extracted from (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and AMI-related biomarkers were obtained by differential expression analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to mine AIM-related hub markers. For the assessment of the diagnostic value of these markers for AMI, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. Additionally, the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to determine the immune cell infiltration. RESULTS A total of 1273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Nine co-expression modules were obtained after WGCNA. Among them, the brown-colored module was identified as the hub for AMI (correlation [cor] = 0.73, P = 1.1e-87), and intersected with the DEGs yielded a total of 88 shared genes. Subsequently, five hub genes were obtained from the analysis of the LASSO regression and SVM-RFE algorithm. Ultimately, using the ROC curves, the diagnostic values of these genes for AMI were confirmed. The five hub genes were also found to be significantly associated with the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. Moreover, the DEGs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory and immune-related gene sets evidenced by the functional enrichment analysis. CONCLUSION The five hub genes may serve as potential markers for AMI diagnosis and the findings have implications for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms underlying AMI.
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13
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Khan UW, Newmark PA. Somatic regulation of female germ cell regeneration and development in planarians. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110525. [PMID: 35294875 PMCID: PMC8994625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female germ cells develop into oocytes, with the capacity for totipotency. In most animals, these remarkable cells are specified during development and cannot be regenerated. By contrast, planarians, known for their regenerative prowess, can regenerate germ cells. To uncover mechanisms required for female germ cell development and regeneration, we generated gonad-specific transcriptomes and identified genes whose expression defines progressive stages of female germ cell development. Strikingly, early female germ cells share molecular signatures with the pluripotent stem cells driving planarian regeneration. We observe spatial heterogeneity within somatic ovarian cells and find that a regionally enriched foxL homolog is required for oocyte differentiation, but not specification, suggestive of functionally distinct somatic compartments. Unexpectedly, a neurotransmitter-biosynthetic enzyme, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is also expressed in somatic gonadal cells, and plays opposing roles in female and male germ cell development. Thus, somatic gonadal cells deploy conserved factors to regulate germ cell development and regeneration in planarians. Unlike most animals, planarians can regenerate germ cells. Here, Khan and Newmark characterize gene expression in the planarian ovary, identifying genes expressed at progressive stages of female germ cell development and in somatic ovarian cells. Functional characterization revealed somatically expressed genes required for specification or differentiation of female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair W Khan
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip A Newmark
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Bathula CS, Chen J, Kumar R, Blackshear PJ, Saini Y, Patial S. ZFP36L1 Regulates Fgf21 mRNA Turnover and Modulates Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:208-225. [PMID: 34774847 PMCID: PMC8908057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1) enhances the turnover of mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). The physiological and pathological functions of ZFP36L1 in liver, however, remain largely unknown. Liver-specific ZFP36L1-deficient (Zfp36l1flox/flox/Cre+; L1LKO) mice were generated to investigate the role of ZFP36L1 in liver physiology and pathology. Under normal conditions, the L1LKO mice and their littermate controls (Zfp36l1flox/flox/Cre-; L1FLX) appeared normal. When fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol, L1LKO mice were significantly protected from developing alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation compared with L1FLX mice. Most importantly, fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) mRNA was significantly increased in the livers of alcohol diet-fed L1LKO mice compared with the alcohol diet-fed L1FLX group. The Fgf21 mRNA contains three AREs in its 3'UTR, and Fgf21 3'UTR was directly regulated by ZFP36L1 in luciferase reporter assays. Steady-state levels of Fgf21 mRNA were significantly decreased by wild-type ZFP36L1, but not by a non-binding zinc finger ZFP36L1 mutant. Finally, wild-type ZFP36L1, but not the ZFP36L1 mutant, bound to the Fgf21 3'UTR ARE RNA probe. These results demonstrate that ZFP36L1 inactivation protects against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury and inflammation, possibly by stabilizing Fgf21 mRNA. These findings suggest that the modulation of ZFP36L1 may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of human alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S. Bathula
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana,Address correspondence to Sonika Patial, D.V.M., Ph.D., D.A.C.V.P., Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
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15
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Xiao P, Li M, Zhou M, Zhao X, Wang C, Qiu J, Fang Q, Jiang H, Dong H, Zhou R. TTP protects against acute liver failure by regulating CCL2 and CCL5 through m6A RNA methylation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149276. [PMID: 34877932 PMCID: PMC8675193 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an important immunosuppressive protein regulating mRNA decay through recognition of the AU-rich elements (AREs) within the 3′-UTRs of mRNAs, participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, whether TTP regulates mRNA stability through other mechanisms remains poorly understood. Here, we report that TTP was upregulated in acute liver failure (ALF), resulting in decreased mRNA stabilities of CCL2 and CCL5 through promotion of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation. Overexpression of TTP could markedly ameliorate hepatic injury in vivo. TTP regulated the mRNA stabilization of CCL2 and CCL5. Interestingly, increased m6A methylation in CCL2 and CCL5 mRNAs promoted TTP-mediated RNA destabilization. Moreover, induction of TTP upregulated expression levels of WT1 associated protein, methyltransferase like 14, and YT521-B homology N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2, which encode enzymes regulating m6A methylation, resulting in a global increase of m6A methylation and amelioration of liver injury due to enhanced degradation of CCL2 and CCL5. These findings suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which TTP modulates mRNA stabilities of CCL2 and CCL5 through m6A RNA methylation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xiao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and
| | - Jinglin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Dong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and.,Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Pi B, Pan J, Xiao M, Hu X, Zhang L, Chen M, Liu B, Ruan Y, Huang Y. Systematic analysis of CCCH zinc finger family in Brassica napus showed that BnRR-TZFs are involved in stress resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:555. [PMID: 34814855 PMCID: PMC8609832 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCCH zinc finger family is one of the largest transcription factor families related to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Brassica napus L., an allotetraploid oilseed crop formed by natural hybridization between two diploid progenitors, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. A systematic identification of rapeseed CCCH family genes is missing and their functional characterization is still in infancy. RESULTS In this study, 155 CCCH genes, 81 from its parent B. rapa and 74 from B. oleracea, were identified and divided into 15 subfamilies in B. napus. Organization and syntenic analysis explained the distribution and collinearity relationship of CCCH genes, the selection pressure and evolution of duplication gene pairs in B. napus genome. 44 diploid duplication gene pairs and 4 triple duplication gene groups were found in B. napus of CCCH family and the segmental duplication is attributed to most CCCH gene duplication events in B. napus. Nine types of CCCH motifs exist in B. napus CCCH family members, and motif C-X7/8-C-X5-C-X3-H is the most common and a new conserved CCH motif (C-X5-C-X3-H) has been identified. In addition, abundant stress-related cis-elements exist in promoters of 27 subfamily IX (RR-TZF) genes and their expression profiles indicated that RR-TZF genes could be involved in responses to hormone and abiotic stress. CONCLUSIONS The results provided a foundation to understand the basic characterization and genes evolution of CCCH gene family in B. napus, and provided potential targets for genetic engineering in Brassicaceae crops in pursuit of stress-tolerant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Pi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mu Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xinchang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ying Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China.
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17
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Ding Y, Yin R, Zhang S, Xiao Q, Zhao H, Pan X, Zhu X. The Combined Regulation of Long Non-coding RNA and RNA-Binding Proteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:731958. [PMID: 34796209 PMCID: PMC8592911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.731958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease closely related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs), monocytes/macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Despite a good understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still only poorly understood. Therefore, atherosclerosis continues to be an important clinical issue worthy of further research. Recent evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can serve as important regulators of cellular function in atherosclerosis. Besides, several studies have shown that lncRNAs are partly dependent on the specific interaction with RBPs to exert their function. This review summarizes the important contributions of lncRNAs and RBPs in atherosclerosis and provides novel and comprehensible interaction models of lncRNAs and RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruihua Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongqin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Bai W, Wells ML, Lai WS, Hicks SN, Burkholder AB, Perera L, Kimmel AR, Blackshear PJ. A post-transcriptional regulon controlled by TtpA, the single tristetraprolin family member expressed in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11920-11937. [PMID: 34718768 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional processes mediated by mRNA binding proteins represent important control points in gene expression. In eukaryotes, mRNAs containing specific AU-rich motifs are regulated by binding of tristetraprolin (TTP) family tandem zinc finger proteins, which promote mRNA deadenylation and decay, partly through interaction of a conserved C-terminal CNOT1 binding (CNB) domain with CCR4-NOT protein complexes. The social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum shared a common ancestor with humans more than a billion years ago, and expresses only one TTP family protein, TtpA, in contrast to three members expressed in humans. Evaluation of ttpA null-mutants identified six transcripts that were consistently upregulated compared to WT during growth and early development. The 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of all six 'TtpA-target' mRNAs contained multiple TTP binding motifs (UUAUUUAUU), and one 3'-UTR conferred TtpA post-transcriptional stability regulation to a heterologous mRNA that was abrogated by mutations in the core TTP-binding motifs. All six target transcripts were upregulated to similar extents in a C-terminal truncation mutant, in contrast to less severe effects of analogous mutants in mice. All six target transcripts encoded probable membrane proteins. In Dictyostelium, TtpA may control an 'RNA regulon', where a single RNA binding protein, TtpA, post-transcriptionally co-regulates expression of several functionally related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Bai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa L Wells
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,The Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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Kovarik P, Bestehorn A, Fesselet J. Conceptual Advances in Control of Inflammation by the RNA-Binding Protein Tristetraprolin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751313. [PMID: 34603339 PMCID: PMC8484758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated changes in mRNA stability are critical drivers of gene expression adaptations to immunological cues. mRNA stability is controlled mainly by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) which can directly cleave mRNA but more often act as adaptors for the recruitment of the RNA-degradation machinery. One of the most prominent RBPs with regulatory roles in the immune system is tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP targets mainly inflammation-associated mRNAs for degradation and is indispensable for the resolution of inflammation as well as the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recent advances in the transcriptome-wide knowledge of mRNA expression and decay rates together with TTP binding sites in the target mRNAs revealed important limitations in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of TTP action. Such orthogonal analyses lead to the discovery that TTP binding destabilizes some bound mRNAs but not others in the same cell. Moreover, comparisons of various immune cells indicated that an mRNA can be destabilized by TTP in one cell type while it remains stable in a different cell linage despite the presence of TTP. The action of TTP extends from mRNA destabilization to inhibition of translation in a subset of targets. This article will discuss these unexpected context-dependent functions and their implications for the regulation of immune responses. Attention will be also payed to new insights into the role of TTP in physiology and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Bestehorn
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeanne Fesselet
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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20
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Rodríguez-Gómez G, Paredes-Villa A, Cervantes-Badillo MG, Gómez-Sonora JP, Jorge-Pérez JH, Cervantes-Roldán R, León-Del-Río A. Tristetraprolin: A cytosolic regulator of mRNA turnover moonlighting as transcriptional corepressor of gene expression. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:137-147. [PMID: 33795191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a nucleocytoplasmic 326 amino acid protein whose sequence is characterized by possessing two CCCH-type zinc finger domains. In the cytoplasm TTP function is to promote the degradation of mRNAs that contain adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs). Mechanistically, TTP promotes the recruitment of poly(A)-specific deadenylases and exoribonucleases. By reducing the half-life of about 10% of all the transcripts in the cell TTP has been shown to participate in multiple cell processes that include regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, metabolic homeostasis and control of inflammation and immune responses. However, beyond its role in mRNA decay, in the cell nucleus TTP acts as a transcriptional coregulator by interacting with chromatin modifying enzymes. TTP has been shown to repress the transactivation of NF-κB and estrogen receptor suggesting the possibility that it participates in the transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes in human cells and its possible involvement in breast cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of TTP and the effect of the dysregulation of its protein levels in the development of human diseases. We suggest that TTP be classified as a moonlighting tumor supressor protein that regulates gene expression through two different mechanims; the decay of ARE-mRNAs and a transcriptional coregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Paredes-Villa
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mayte Guadalupe Cervantes-Badillo
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jessica Paola Gómez-Sonora
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesús H Jorge-Pérez
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Cervantes-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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21
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Zhang D, Zhou Z, Yang R, Zhang S, Zhang B, Tan Y, Chen L, Li T, Tu J. Tristetraprolin, a Potential Safeguard Against Carcinoma: Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632189. [PMID: 34026612 PMCID: PMC8138596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), a well-known RNA-binding protein, primarily affects the expression of inflammation-related proteins by binding to the targeted AU-rich element in the 3' untranslated region after transcription and subsequently mediates messenger RNA decay. Recent studies have focused on the role of TTP in tumors and their related microenvironments, most of which have referred to TTP as a potential tumor suppressor involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of various cancers, as well as tumor immunity, inflammation, and metabolism of the microenvironment. Elevated TTP expression levels could aid the diagnosis and treatment of different cancers, improving the prognosis of patients. The aim of this review is to describe the role of TTP as a potential safeguard against carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Sujun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Animals, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanxuan Tan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingyao Chen
- Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Pharmacy School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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22
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SM22 α Loss Contributes to Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Macrophage-Derived circRasGEF1B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5564884. [PMID: 33859778 PMCID: PMC8026322 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5564884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis is a major defining feature of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and mainly caused by inflammatory cell infiltration. Smooth muscle (SM) 22α prevents AAA formation through suppressing NF-κB activation. However, the role of SM22α in VSMC apoptosis is controversial. Here, we identified that SM22α loss contributed to apoptosis of VSMCs via activation of macrophages. Firstly, deficiency of SM22α enhanced the interaction of VSMCs with macrophages. Macrophages were retained and activated by Sm22α−/− VSMCs via upregulating VCAM-1 expression. The ratio of apoptosis was increased by 1.62-fold in VSMCs treated with the conditional media (CM) from activated RAW264.7 cells, compared to that of the control CM (P < 0.01), and apoptosis of Sm22α−/− VSMCs was higher than that of WT VSMCs (P < 0.001). Next, circRasGEF1B from activated macrophages was delivered into VSMCs promoting ZFP36 expression via stabilization of ZFP36 mRNA. Importantly, circRasGEF1B, as a scaffold, guided ZFP36 to preferentially bind to and decay Bcl-2 mRNA in a sequence-specific manner and triggered apoptosis of VSMCs, especially in Sm22α−/− VSMCs. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the circRasGEF1B-ZFP36 axis mediates macrophage-induced VSMC apoptosis via decay of Bcl-2 mRNA, whereas Sm22α−/− VSMCs have a higher sensitivity to apoptosis.
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23
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Bertesi M, Fantini S, Alecci C, Lotti R, Martello A, Parenti S, Carretta C, Marconi A, Grande A, Pincelli C, Zanocco-Marani T. Promoter Methylation Leads to Decreased ZFP36 Expression and Deregulated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Psoriatic Fibroblasts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:579383. [PMID: 33585499 PMCID: PMC7874095 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.579383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by the ZFP36 gene, is known to be able to end inflammatory responses by directly targeting and destabilizing mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. We analyzed its role in psoriasis, a disease characterized by chronic inflammation. We observed that TTP is downregulated in fibroblasts deriving from psoriasis patients compared to those deriving from healthy individuals and that psoriatic fibroblasts exhibit abnormal inflammasome activity compared to their physiological counterpart. This phenomenon depends on TTP downregulation. In fact, following restoration, TTP is capable of directly targeting for degradation NLRP3 mRNA, thereby drastically decreasing inflammasome activation. Moreover, we provide evidence that ZFP36 undergoes methylation in psoriasis, by virtue of the presence of long stretches of CpG dinucleotides both in the promoter and the coding region. Besides confirming that a perturbation of TTP expression might underlie the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we suggest that deregulated inflammasome activity might play a role in the disease alongside deregulated cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bertesi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Fantini
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Alecci
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Martello
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Parenti
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Carretta
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alexis Grande
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zanocco-Marani
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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24
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Rappl P, Brüne B, Schmid T. Role of Tristetraprolin in the Resolution of Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010066. [PMID: 33477783 PMCID: PMC7832405 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic inflammatory diseases account for up to 60% of deaths worldwide and, thus, are considered a great threat for human health by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, acute inflammatory reactions are an integral part of the host defense against invading pathogens or injuries. To avoid excessive damage due to the persistence of a highly reactive environment, inflammations need to resolve in a coordinate and timely manner, ensuring for the immunological normalization of the affected tissues. Since post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are essential for effective resolution, the present review discusses the key role of the RNA-binding and post-transcriptional regulatory protein tristetraprolin in establishing resolution of inflammation. Abstract Inflammation is a crucial part of immune responses towards invading pathogens or tissue damage. While inflammatory reactions are aimed at removing the triggering stimulus, it is important that these processes are terminated in a coordinate manner to prevent excessive tissue damage due to the highly reactive inflammatory environment. Initiation of inflammatory responses was proposed to be regulated predominantly at a transcriptional level, whereas post-transcriptional modes of regulation appear to be crucial for resolution of inflammation. The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) interacts with AU-rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs, recruits deadenylase complexes and thereby facilitates degradation of its targets. As TTP regulates the mRNA stability of numerous inflammatory mediators, it was put forward as a crucial post-transcriptional regulator of inflammation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function of TTP with a specific focus on its role in adding to resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rappl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.R.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Abstract
Here we review data suggestive of a role for RNA-binding proteins in vertebrate immunity. We focus on the products of genes found in the class III region of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Six of these genes, DDX39B (aka BAT1), DXO, LSM2, NELFE, PRRC2A (aka BAT2), and SKIV2L, encode RNA-binding proteins with clear roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation and RNA surveillance. These genes are likely to have important functions in immunity and are associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Programme in Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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26
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Joe Y, Chen Y, Park J, Kim HJ, Rah SY, Ryu J, Cho GJ, Choi HS, Ryter SW, Park JW, Kim UH, Chung HT. Cross-talk between CD38 and TTP Is Essential for Resolution of Inflammation during Microbial Sepsis. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1063-1076.e5. [PMID: 31995750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution phase of acute inflammation is essential for tissue homeostasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that resolution of inflammation involves interactions between CD38 and tristetraprolin (TTP). During the onset of acute inflammation, CD38 levels are increased, leading to the production of Ca2+-signaling messengers, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), ADP ribose (ADPR), and cyclic ADPR (cADPR) from NAD(P)+. To initiate the onset of resolution, TTP expression is increased by the second messengers, NAADP and cADPR, which downregulate CD38 expression. The activation of TTP by Sirt1-dependent deacetylation, in response to increased NAD+ levels, suppresses the acute inflammatory response and decreases Rheb expression, inhibits mTORC1, and induces autophagolysosomes for bacterial clearance. TTP may represent a mechanistic target of anti-inflammatory agents, such as carbon monoxide. TTP mediates crosstalk between acute inflammation and autophagic clearance of bacteria from damaged tissue in the resolution of inflammation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; Dalian University Medical College, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Jeongmin Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52728, Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52728, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea.
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27
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Ramos-Alonso L, Romero AM, Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S. Iron Regulatory Mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582830. [PMID: 33013818 PMCID: PMC7509046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all eukaryotic organisms because it participates as a redox cofactor in many cellular processes. However, excess iron can damage cells since it promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism to study the adaptation of eukaryotic cells to changes in iron availability. Upon iron deficiency, yeast utilizes two transcription factors, Aft1 and Aft2, to activate the expression of a set of genes known as the iron regulon, which are implicated in iron uptake, recycling and mobilization. Moreover, Aft1 and Aft2 activate the expression of Cth2, an mRNA-binding protein that limits the expression of genes encoding for iron-containing proteins or that participate in iron-using processes. Cth2 contributes to prioritize iron utilization in particular pathways over other highly iron-consuming and non-essential processes including mitochondrial respiration. Recent studies have revealed that iron deficiency also alters many other metabolic routes including amino acid and lipid synthesis, the mitochondrial retrograde response, transcription, translation and deoxyribonucleotide synthesis; and activates the DNA damage and general stress responses. At high iron levels, the yeast Yap5, Msn2, and Msn4 transcription factors activate the expression of a vacuolar iron importer called Ccc1, which is the most important high-iron protecting factor devoted to detoxify excess cytosolic iron that is stored into the vacuole for its mobilization upon scarcity. The complete sequencing and annotation of many yeast genomes is starting to unveil the diversity and evolution of the iron homeostasis network in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia María Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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28
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Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S. Adaptation to iron deficiency in human pathogenic fungi. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118797. [PMID: 32663505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all eukaryotic organisms and plays a central role during microbial infections. Invasive fungal diseases are associated with strikingly high rates of mortality, but their impact on human health is usually underestimated. Upon a fungal infection, hosts restrict iron availability in order to limit the growth and virulence of the pathogen. Here, we use two model yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, to delve into the response to iron deficiency of human fungal pathogens, such as Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungi possess common and species-specific mechanisms to acquire iron and to control the response to iron limitation. Upon iron scarcity, fungi activate a wide range of elegant strategies to capture and import exogenous iron, mobilize iron from intracellular stores, and modulate their metabolism to economize and prioritize iron utilization. Hence, iron homeostasis genes represent remarkable virulence factors that can be used as targets for the development of novel antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Sneezum L, Eislmayr K, Dworak H, Sedlyarov V, Le Heron A, Ebner F, Fischer I, Iwakura Y, Kovarik P. Context-Dependent IL-1 mRNA-Destabilization by TTP Prevents Dysregulation of Immune Homeostasis Under Steady State Conditions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1398. [PMID: 32733464 PMCID: PMC7358311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β is tightly controlled by transcription and post-translational processing to prevent hyperinflammation. The role of mRNA decay in maintenance of physiological IL-1 amounts remained unknown. Here we show that the down-regulation of Il1a and Il1b mRNA by the mRNA-destabilizing protein TTP (gene Zfp36) is required for immune homeostasis. The TTP deficiency syndrome, a multi organ inflammation in TTP-/- mice, was significantly ameliorated upon deletion of the IL-1 receptor. Il1a and Il1b played non-redundant roles in triggering the pathological IL-1 signaling in TTP-/- mice. Accordingly, tissues from TTP-/- animals contained increased amounts of Il1b mRNA. Unexpectedly, TTP destabilized Il1b mRNA in cell type-specific ways as evident from RNA-Seq and mRNA stability assays. These results demonstrate that TTP-driven mRNA destabilization depends on the cellular context. Moreover, such context-defined mRNA decay is essential for keeping steady state IL-1 levels in the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Sneezum
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Eislmayr
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Dworak
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Le Heron
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ebner
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Perea-García A, Miró P, Jiménez-Lorenzo R, Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S. Sequential recruitment of the mRNA decay machinery to the iron-regulated protein Cth2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194595. [PMID: 32565401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional factors importantly contribute to the rapid and coordinated expression of the multiple genes required for the adaptation of living organisms to environmental stresses. In the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a conserved mRNA-binding protein, known as Cth2, modulates the metabolic response to iron deficiency. Cth2 is a tandem zinc-finger (TZF)-containing protein that co-transcriptionally binds to adenine/uracil-rich elements (ARE) present in the 3'-untranslated region of iron-related mRNAs to promote their turnover. The nuclear binding of Cth2 to mRNAs via its TZFs is indispensable for its export to the cytoplasm. Although Cth2 nucleocytoplasmic transport is essential for its regulatory function, little is known about the recruitment of the mRNA degradation machinery. Here, we investigate the sequential assembly of mRNA decay factors during Cth2 shuttling. By using an enzymatic in vivo proximity assay called M-track, we show that Cth2 associates to the RNA helicase Dhh1 and the deadenylase Pop2/Caf1 before binding to its target mRNAs. The recruitment of Dhh1 to Cth2 requires the integrity of the Ccr4-Pop2 deadenylase complex, whereas the interaction between Cth2 and Pop2 needs Ccr4 but not Dhh1. M-track assays also show that Cth2-binding to ARE-containing mRNAs is necessary for the interaction between Cth2 and the exonuclease Xrn1. The importance of these interactions is highlighted by the specific growth defect in iron-deficient conditions displayed by cells lacking Dhh1, Pop2, Ccr4 or Xrn1. These results exemplify the stepwise process of assembly of different mRNA decay factors onto an mRNA-binding protein during the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Pilar Miró
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | | | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
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31
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Courel M, Clément Y, Bossevain C, Foretek D, Vidal Cruchez O, Yi Z, Bénard M, Benassy MN, Kress M, Vindry C, Ernoult-Lange M, Antoniewski C, Morillon A, Brest P, Hubstenberger A, Roest Crollius H, Standart N, Weil D. GC content shapes mRNA storage and decay in human cells. eLife 2019; 8:49708. [PMID: 31855182 PMCID: PMC6944446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA translation and decay appear often intimately linked although the rules of this interplay are poorly understood. In this study, we combined our recent P-body transcriptome with transcriptomes obtained following silencing of broadly acting mRNA decay and repression factors, and with available CLIP and related data. This revealed the central role of GC content in mRNA fate, in terms of P-body localization, mRNA translation and mRNA stability: P-bodies contain mostly AU-rich mRNAs, which have a particular codon usage associated with a low protein yield; AU-rich and GC-rich transcripts tend to follow distinct decay pathways; and the targets of sequence-specific RBPs and miRNAs are also biased in terms of GC content. Altogether, these results suggest an integrated view of post-transcriptional control in human cells where most translation regulation is dedicated to inefficiently translated AU-rich mRNAs, whereas control at the level of 5’ decay applies to optimally translated GC-rich mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Courel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Yves Clément
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Bossevain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Dominika Foretek
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Zhou Yi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Marianne Bénard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Benassy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Michel Kress
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Vindry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michèle Ernoult-Lange
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Antoniewski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), ARTbio Bioinformatics Analysis Facility, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Brest
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Nancy Standart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Weil
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
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32
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Montero J, Gstalder C, Kim DJ, Sadowicz D, Miles W, Manos M, Cidado JR, Paul Secrist J, Tron AE, Flaherty K, Stephen Hodi F, Yoon CH, Letai A, Fisher DE, Haq R. Destabilization of NOXA mRNA as a common resistance mechanism to targeted therapies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5157. [PMID: 31727958 PMCID: PMC6856172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most targeted cancer therapies fail to achieve complete tumor regressions or attain durable remissions. To understand why these treatments fail to induce robust cytotoxic responses despite appropriately targeting oncogenic drivers, here we systematically interrogated the dependence of cancer cells on the BCL-2 family of apoptotic proteins after drug treatment. We observe that multiple targeted therapies, including BRAF or EGFR inhibitors, rapidly deplete the pro-apoptotic factor NOXA, thus creating a dependence on the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. This adaptation requires a pathway leading to destabilization of the NOXA mRNA transcript. We find that interruption of this mechanism of anti-apoptotic adaptive resistance dramatically increases cytotoxic responses in cell lines and a murine melanoma model. These results identify NOXA mRNA destabilization/MCL-1 adaptation as a non-genomic mechanism that limits apoptotic responses, suggesting that sequencing of MCL-1 inhibitors with targeted therapies could overcome such widespread and clinically important resistance. MAPK-targeted therapies fail to achieve complete remission. Here, the authors show that anti-apoptosis resistance is acquired in these targeted therapies through the mRNA destabilization of NOXA which leads to dependence on MCL-1, and that sequential combination of MCL-1 inhibition with targeted therapies overcomes this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Montero
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia/Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Ed. Hèlix 3ª planta · 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécile Gstalder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dorota Sadowicz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, 820 Biomedical Research Tower 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Michael Manos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Justin R Cidado
- Bioscience, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Boston, 02451, MA, USA
| | - J Paul Secrist
- Bioscience, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Boston, 02451, MA, USA.,LifeMine Therapeutics, 100 Acorn Park Drive, 6th Floor Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Adriana E Tron
- Bioscience, Oncology IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Boston, 02451, MA, USA
| | - Keith Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia/Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
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Lourou N, Gavriilidis M, Kontoyiannis DL. Lessons from studying the AU-rich elements in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102334. [PMID: 31604649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AU-rich elements (AREs) comprise one of the most widely studied families of regulatory RNA structures met in RNAs engaged in complex immunological reactions. A multitude of genetic, molecular, holistic and functional studies have been utilized for the analyses of the AREs and their interactions to proteins that bind to them. Data stemming from these studies brought forth a world of RNA-related check-points against infection, chronic inflammation, tumor associated immunity, and autoimmunity; and the interest to capitalize the interactions of AREs for clinical management and therapy. They also provided lessons on the cellular capabilities of post-transcriptional control. Originally thought as transcript-restricted regulators of turnover and translation, ARE-binding proteins do in fact harbor great versatility and interactivity across nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments; and act as functional coordinators of immune-cellular programs. Harnessing these deterministic functions requires extensive knowledge of their synergies or antagonisms at a cell-specific level; but holds great promise since it can provide the efficacy of combinatorial therapies with single agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Lourou
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maxim Gavriilidis
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Greece
| | - Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- School of Biology, Department of Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Greece.
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34
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Lai WS, Stumpo DJ, Wells ML, Gruzdev A, Hicks SN, Nicholson CO, Yang Z, Faccio R, Webster MW, Passmore LA, Blackshear PJ. Importance of the Conserved Carboxyl-Terminal CNOT1 Binding Domain to Tristetraprolin Activity In Vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00029-19. [PMID: 31036567 PMCID: PMC6580703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00029-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an anti-inflammatory protein that modulates the stability of certain cytokine/chemokine mRNAs. After initial high-affinity binding to AU-rich elements in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs, mediated through its tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, TTP promotes the deadenylation and ultimate decay of target transcripts. These transcripts and their encoded proteins accumulate abnormally in TTP knockout (KO) mice, leading to a severe inflammatory syndrome. To assess the importance of the highly conserved C-terminal CNOT1 binding domain (CNBD) of TTP to the TTP deficiency phenotype in mice, we created a mouse model in which TTP lacked its CNBD. CNBD deletion mice exhibited a less severe phenotype than the complete TTP KO mice. In macrophages, the stabilization of target transcripts seen in KO mice was partially normalized in the CNBD deletion mice. In cell-free experiments, recombinant TTP lacking its CNBD could still activate target mRNA deadenylation by purified recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe CCR4/NOT complexes, although to a lesser extent than full-length TTP. Thus, TTP lacking its CNBD can still act to promote target mRNA instability in vitro and in vivo These data have implications for TTP family members throughout the eukarya, since species from all four kingdoms contain proteins with linked TZF and CNOT1 binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cindo O Nicholson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Lori A Passmore
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Cross ST, Michalski D, Miller MR, Wilusz J. RNA regulatory processes in RNA virus biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 10:e1536. [PMID: 31034160 PMCID: PMC6697219 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous post‐transcriptional RNA processes play a major role in regulating the quantity, quality and diversity of gene expression in the cell. These include RNA processing events such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation and modification, but also aspects such as RNA localization, decay, translation, and non‐coding RNA‐associated regulation. The interface between the transcripts of RNA viruses and the various RNA regulatory processes in the cell, therefore, has high potential to significantly impact virus gene expression, regulation, cytopathology and pathogenesis. Furthermore, understanding RNA biology from the perspective of an RNA virus can shed considerable light on the broad impact of these post‐transcriptional processes in cell biology. Thus the goal of this article is to provide an overview of the richness of cellular RNA biology and how RNA viruses use, usurp and/or avoid the associated machinery to impact the outcome of infection. This article is categorized under:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun T Cross
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel Michalski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Megan R Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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36
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Lai WS, Wells ML, Perera L, Blackshear PJ. The tandem zinc finger RNA binding domain of members of the tristetraprolin protein family. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 10:e1531. [PMID: 30864256 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype member of the protein family of the same name, was originally discovered as the product of a rapidly inducible gene in mouse cells. Development of a knockout (KO) mouse established that absence of the protein led to a severe inflammatory syndrome, due in part to elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TTP was found to bind directly and with high affinity to specific AU-rich sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the TNF mRNA. This initial binding led to promotion of TNF mRNA decay and inhibition of its translation. Many additional TTP target mRNAs have since been identified, some of which are cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory response. There are three other proteins in the mouse with similar activities and domain structures, but whose KO phenotypes are remarkably different. Moreover, proteins with similar domain structures and activities have been found throughout eukaryotes, demonstrating that this protein family arose from an ancient ancestor. The defining characteristic of this protein family is the tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, a 64 amino acid sequence with many conserved residues that is responsible for the direct RNA binding. We discuss here many aspects of this protein domain that have been elucidated since the original discovery of TTP, including its sequence conservation throughout eukarya; its apparent continued evolution in some lineages; its functional dependence on many key conserved residues; its "interchangeability" among evolutionarily distant species; and the evidence that RNA binding is required for the physiological functions of the proteins. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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37
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Cao H, Sethumadhavan K, Li K, Boue SM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract and Insulin Regulate Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Gene Expression in Mouse Adipocytes and Macrophages. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:115-121. [PMID: 30637573 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) improves people with insulin resistance. The objective was to investigate CPE and insulin on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene expression important for lipid biosynthesis and compared it to anti-inflammatory tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP/ZFP36) gene expression known to be regulated by both agents. Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with insulin and CPE followed by qPCR evaluation of DGAT and TTP mRNA levels. Insulin decreased DGAT1 and DGAT2 mRNA levels in adipocytes but had no effect on DGAT1 and increased DGAT2 mRNA levels 3-fold in macrophages. Insulin increased TTP mRNA levels 3-fold in adipocytes but had no effect in macrophages. CPE effect on DGAT1 gene expression was minimal but increased DGAT2 mRNA levels 2-4 fold in adipocytes and macrophages. CPE increased TTP mRNA levels 2-7 fold in adipocytes and macrophages. We conclude that CPE and insulin exhibited overlapping and independent effects on DGAT and TTP gene expression and suggest that CPE and insulin have profound effects on fat biosynthesis and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Kandan Sethumadhavan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Stephen M Boue
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
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38
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Son YO, Kim HE, Choi WS, Chun CH, Chun JS. RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 regulates osteoarthritis by modulating members of the heat shock protein 70 family. Nat Commun 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 30622281 PMCID: PMC6325149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and other whole-joint pathological changes. There is currently no effective disease-modifying therapy. Here we investigate the post-transcriptional mRNA regulation of OA-modulating proteins in chondrocytes and show that the ZFP36 family member, ZFP36L1, is specifically upregulated in OA chondrocytes and OA cartilage of humans and mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ZFP36L1 alone in mouse knee-joint tissue does not modulate OA pathogenesis. However, genetic ablation or silencing of Zfp36l1 significantly abrogates experimental OA in mice. Knockdown of Zfp36l1 increases the mRNA expression of two heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members, which act as its direct targets. Furthermore, overexpression of HSPA1A in joint tissues protects mice against experimental OA by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Our results indicate that the RNA-binding protein, ZFP36L1, regulates HSP70 family members that appear to protect against OA pathogenesis by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Osteoarthritis is characterised by degeneration of joint cartilage. Here the authors show that the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 is upregulated in chondrocytes of humans and mice with osteoarthritis, and that its knockdown in mouse joints protects chondrocytes against apoptosis by modulating the function of heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Lai WS, Arvola RM, Goldstrohm AC, Blackshear PJ. Inhibiting transcription in cultured metazoan cells with actinomycin D to monitor mRNA turnover. Methods 2019; 155:77-87. [PMID: 30625384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay of transcribed mRNA is a key determinant of steady state mRNA levels in cells. Global analysis of mRNA decay in cultured cells has revealed amazing heterogeneity in rates of decay under normal growth conditions, with calculated half-lives ranging from several minutes to many days. The factors that are responsible for this wide range of decay rates are largely unknown, although our knowledge of trans-acting RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs that can control decay rates is increasing. Many methods have been used to try to determine mRNA decay rates under various experimental conditions in cultured cells, and transcription inhibitors like actinomycin D have probably the longest history of any technique for this purpose. Despite this long history of use, the actinomycin D method has been criticized as prone to artifacts, and as ineffective for some promoters. With appropriate guidelines and controls, however, it can be a versatile, effective technique for measuring endogenous mRNA decay in cultured mammalian and insect cells, as well as the decay of exogenously-expressed transcripts. It can be used readily on a genome-wide level, and is remarkably cost-effective. In this short review, we will discuss our utilization of this approach in these cells; we hope that these methods will allow more investigators to apply this useful technique to study mRNA decay under the appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rene M Arvola
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aaron C Goldstrohm
- The Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; The Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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40
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Phosphorylation and Proteasome Recognition of the mRNA-Binding Protein Cth2 Facilitates Yeast Adaptation to Iron Deficiency. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01694-18. [PMID: 30228242 PMCID: PMC6143738 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01694-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital element for many metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of DNA and proteins, and the generation of energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, living organisms have developed tightly controlled mechanisms to properly distribute iron, since imbalances lead to nutritional deficiencies, multiple diseases, and vulnerability against pathogens. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cth2 is a conserved mRNA-binding protein that coordinates a global reprogramming of iron metabolism in response to iron deficiency in order to optimize its utilization. Here we report that the phosphorylation of Cth2 at specific serine residues is essential to regulate the stability of the protein and adaptation to iron depletion. We identify the kinase and ubiquitination machinery implicated in this process to establish a posttranscriptional regulatory model. These results and recent findings for both mammals and plants reinforce the privileged position of E3 ubiquitin ligases and phosphorylation events in the regulation of eukaryotic iron homeostasis. Iron is an indispensable micronutrient for all eukaryotic organisms due to its participation as a redox cofactor in many metabolic pathways. Iron imbalance leads to the most frequent human nutritional deficiency in the world. Adaptation to iron limitation requires a global reorganization of the cellular metabolism directed to prioritize iron utilization for essential processes. In response to iron scarcity, the conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA-binding protein Cth2, which belongs to the tristetraprolin family of tandem zinc finger proteins, coordinates a global remodeling of the cellular metabolism by promoting the degradation of multiple mRNAs encoding highly iron-consuming proteins. In this work, we identify a critical mechanism for the degradation of Cth2 protein during the adaptation to iron deficiency. Phosphorylation of a patch of Cth2 serine residues within its amino-terminal region facilitates recognition by the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin ligase complex, accelerating Cth2 turnover by the proteasome. When Cth2 degradation is impaired by either mutagenesis of the Cth2 serine residues or deletion of GRR1, the levels of Cth2 rise and abrogate growth in iron-depleted conditions. Finally, we uncover that the casein kinase Hrr25 phosphorylates and promotes Cth2 destabilization. These results reveal a sophisticated posttranslational regulatory pathway necessary for the adaptation to iron depletion.
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41
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Ramos-Alonso L, Romero AM, Polaina J, Puig S, Martínez-Pastor MT. Dissecting mRNA decay and translation inhibition during iron deficiency. Curr Genet 2018; 65:139-145. [PMID: 30128746 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron participates as a vital cofactor in multiple metabolic pathways. Despite its abundance, iron bioavailability is highly restricted in aerobic and alkaline environments. Therefore, living organisms have evolved multiple adaptive mechanisms to respond to iron scarcity. These strategies include a global remodeling of iron metabolism directed to optimize iron utilization. In the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this metabolic reorganization is accomplished to a large extent by an mRNA-binding protein called Cth2. Yeast Cth2 belongs to a conserved family of tandem zinc finger containing proteins that specifically bind to transcripts with AU-rich elements and promote their turnover. A recent study has revealed that Cth2 also inhibits the translation of its target mRNAs (Ramos-Alonso et al., PLoS Genet 14:e1007476, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007476 , 2018). Interestingly, the mammalian Cth2 ortholog known as tristetraprolin (aka TTP/TIS11/ZFP36), which is also implicated in controlling iron metabolism, promotes the decay and prevents the translation of its regulated transcripts. These observations open the possibility to study the relative contribution of altering mRNA stability and translation to the physiological adaptation to iron deficiency, the function played by the different domains within the mRNA-binding protein, and the potential factors implicated in coordinating both post-transcriptional events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia María Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Pastor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Ave. Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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Kontoyiannis DL. An RNA checkpoint that keeps immunological memory at bay. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:795-797. [PMID: 29988088 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris L Kontoyiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Division of Immunology, Vari, Greece.
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Ramos-Alonso L, Romero AM, Soler MÀ, Perea-García A, Alepuz P, Puig S, Martínez-Pastor MT. Yeast Cth2 protein represses the translation of ARE-containing mRNAs in response to iron deficiency. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007476. [PMID: 29912874 PMCID: PMC6023232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to iron deficiency, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a metabolic remodeling in order to optimize iron utilization. The tandem zinc finger (TZF)-containing protein Cth2 plays a critical role in this adaptation by binding and promoting the degradation of multiple mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs). Here, we demonstrate that Cth2 also functions as a translational repressor of its target mRNAs. By complementary approaches, we demonstrate that Cth2 protein inhibits the translation of SDH4, which encodes a subunit of succinate dehydrogenase, and CTH2 mRNAs in response to iron depletion. Both the AREs within SDH4 and CTH2 transcripts, and the Cth2 TZF are essential for translational repression. We show that the role played by Cth2 as a negative translational regulator extends to other mRNA targets such as WTM1, CCP1 and HEM15. A structure-function analysis of Cth2 protein suggests that the Cth2 amino-terminal domain (NTD) is important for both mRNA turnover and translation inhibition, while its carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) only participates in the regulation of translation, but is dispensable for mRNA degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that the Cth2 CTD is physiologically relevant for adaptation to iron deficiency. Iron is essential for eukaryotes because it is required for many fundamental processes such as DNA replication, protein translation or respiration, but it is very insoluble and can, therefore, easily go scarce. For this reason, eukaryotic cells have developed adaptive responses to iron deficiency. Under iron limitation conditions, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of Cth2, a protein with tandem zinc fingers that binds to adenine and uracil-rich sequences in the 3’-UTR of specific mRNAs related to iron metabolism, promoting their degradation. Here we show that Cth2 inhibits the translation of ARE-containing mRNAs, including SDH4, WTM1, HEM15 and CCP1, which encode proteins that contain iron or participate in iron-dependent pathways, and CTH2 itself, which is subjected to an autoregulatory loop that controls its expression. We also dissected different domains of Cth2 that are differentially involved in mRNA decay and translational inhibition. The involvement of Cth2 in translational control reinforces the importance of this ARE-binding protein as a post-transcriptional regulator of the iron response in yeast. By acting at different steps in the life of specific mRNA targets, Cth2 action ensures yeast cells a proper distribution of iron by optimizing its utilization in essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia María Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Àngel Soler
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (MTMP); (SP)
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de Toeuf B, Soin R, Nazih A, Dragojevic M, Jurėnas D, Delacourt N, Vo Ngoc L, Garcia-Pino A, Kruys V, Gueydan C. ARE-mediated decay controls gene expression and cellular metabolism upon oxygen variations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5211. [PMID: 29581565 PMCID: PMC5980108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia triggers profound modifications of cellular transcriptional programs. Upon reoxygenation, cells return to a normoxic gene expression pattern and mRNA produced during the hypoxic phase are degraded. TIS11 proteins control deadenylation and decay of transcripts containing AU-rich elements (AREs). We observed that the level of dTIS11 is decreased in hypoxic S2 Drosophila cells and returns to normal level upon reoxygenation. Bioinformatic analyses using the ARE-assessing algorithm AREScore show that the hypoxic S2 transcriptome is enriched in ARE-containing transcripts and that this trend is conserved in human myeloid cells. Moreover, an efficient down-regulation of Drosophila ARE-containing transcripts during hypoxia/normoxia transition requires dtis11 expression. Several of these genes encode proteins with metabolic functions. Here, we show that ImpL3 coding for Lactate Dehydrogenase in Drosophila, is regulated by ARE-mediated decay (AMD) with dTIS11 contributing to ImpL3 rapid down-regulation upon return to normal oxygen levels after hypoxia. More generally, we observed that dtis11 expression contributes to cell metabolic and proliferative recovery upon reoxygenation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that AMD plays an important role in the control of gene expression upon variation in oxygen concentration and contributes to optimal metabolic adaptation to oxygen variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère de Toeuf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Romuald Soin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdelkarim Nazih
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marija Dragojevic
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Dukas Jurėnas
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nadège Delacourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Long Vo Ngoc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Abel Garcia-Pino
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
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Collaborative Research: An Advanced Practice Nurse's Experience in Genome Research and Treatment. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2018; 31:191-194. [PMID: 28594669 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A Knock-In Tristetraprolin (TTP) Zinc Finger Point Mutation in Mice: Comparison with Complete TTP Deficiency. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00488-17. [PMID: 29203639 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00488-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a tandem CCCH zinc finger protein that can bind to AU-rich element-containing mRNAs and promote their decay. TTP knockout mice develop a severe inflammatory syndrome, largely due to excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF), whose mRNA is a direct target of TTP binding and destabilization. TTP's RNA binding activity and its ability to promote mRNA decay are lost when one of the zinc-coordinating residues of either zinc finger is mutated. To address several long-standing questions about TTP activity in intact animals, we developed a knock-in mouse with a cysteine-to-arginine mutation within the first zinc finger. Homozygous knock-in mice developed a severe inflammatory syndrome that was essentially identical to that of complete TTP deficiency, suggesting that TTP's critical anti-inflammatory role in mammalian physiology is secondary to its ability to bind RNA. In addition, there was no evidence for a "dominant-negative" effect of the mutant allele in heterozygotes, as suggested by previous experiments. Finally, mRNA decay experiments in mutant macrophages demonstrated that TTP can regulate the stability of its own mRNA, albeit to a minor extent. These studies suggest that RNA binding is an essential first step in the physiological activities of members of this protein family.
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Tang T, Scambler TE, Smallie T, Cunliffe HE, Ross EA, Rosner DR, O'Neil JD, Clark AR. Macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide are modulated by a feedback loop involving prostaglandin E 2, dual specificity phosphatase 1 and tristetraprolin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4350. [PMID: 28659609 PMCID: PMC5489520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In many different cell types, pro-inflammatory agonists induce the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), an enzyme that catalyzes rate-limiting steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to a variety of lipid signaling molecules, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 has key roles in many early inflammatory events, such as the changes of vascular function that promote or facilitate leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. Depending on context, it also exerts many important anti-inflammatory effects, for example increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), and decreasing that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The tight control of both biosynthesis of, and cellular responses to, PGE2 are critical for the precise orchestration of the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. Here we describe evidence of a negative feedback loop, in which PGE2 augments the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1, impairs the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, increases the activity of the mRNA-destabilizing factor tristetraprolin, and thereby inhibits the expression of COX-2. The same feedback mechanism contributes to PGE2-mediated suppression of TNF release. Engagement of the DUSP1-TTP regulatory axis by PGE2 is likely to contribute to the switch between initiation and resolution phases of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tang
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Thomas E Scambler
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Tim Smallie
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Helen E Cunliffe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Ewan A Ross
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Dalya R Rosner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - John D O'Neil
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
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Ebner F, Sedlyarov V, Tasciyan S, Ivin M, Kratochvill F, Gratz N, Kenner L, Villunger A, Sixt M, Kovarik P. The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin schedules apoptosis of pathogen-engaged neutrophils during bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2051-2065. [PMID: 28504646 PMCID: PMC5451238 DOI: 10.1172/jci80631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective responses against pathogens require a rapid mobilization of resting neutrophils and the timely removal of activated ones. Neutrophils are exceptionally short-lived leukocytes, yet it remains unclear whether the lifespan of pathogen-engaged neutrophils is regulated differently from that in the circulating steady-state pool. Here, we have found that under homeostatic conditions, the mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates apoptosis and the numbers of activated infiltrating murine neutrophils but not neutrophil cellularity. Activated TTP-deficient neutrophils exhibited decreased apoptosis and enhanced accumulation at the infection site. In the context of myeloid-specific deletion of Ttp, the potentiation of neutrophil deployment protected mice against lethal soft tissue infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and prevented bacterial dissemination. Neutrophil transcriptome analysis revealed that decreased apoptosis of TTP-deficient neutrophils was specifically associated with elevated expression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1) but not other antiapoptotic B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) family members. Higher Mcl1 expression resulted from stabilization of Mcl1 mRNA in the absence of TTP. The low apoptosis rate of infiltrating TTP-deficient neutrophils was comparable to that of transgenic Mcl1-overexpressing neutrophils. Our study demonstrates that posttranscriptional gene regulation by TTP schedules the termination of the antimicrobial engagement of neutrophils. The balancing role of TTP comes at the cost of an increased risk of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ebner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saren Tasciyan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Masa Ivin
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nina Gratz
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals (UPLA), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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