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Kamble PR, Kulkarni B, Malaviya A, Bajaj M, Breed AA, Jagtap D, Mahale S, Pathak BR. Comparison of Anti-Trop2 Extracellular Domain Antibodies Generated Against Peptide and Protein Immunogens for Targeting Trop2-Positive Tumour Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3402-3419. [PMID: 37656352 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Trophoblast antigen 2 (Trop2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein upregulated in multiple solid tumours. Trop2-based passive immunotherapies are in clinical trials, while Trop2 targeting CAR-T cell-based therapies are also reported. Information about its T- and B-cell epitopes is needed for it to be pursued as an active immunotherapeutic target. This study focused on identification of immunodominant epitopes in the Trop2 extracellular domain (ECD) that can mount an efficient anti-Trop2 antibody response. In silico analysis using various B-cell epitope prediction tools was carried out to identify linear and conformational B-cell epitopes in the ECD of Trop2. Three linear peptide immunogens were shortlisted and synthesized. Along with linear peptides, truncated Trop2 ECD that possesses combination of linear and conformational epitopes was also selected. Recombinant protein immunogen was produced in 293-F suspension culture system and affinity purified. Antisera against different immunogens were characterized by ELISA and Western blotting. Two anti-peptide antisera detected recombinant and ectopically expressed Trop2 protein; however, they were unable to recognize the endogenous Trop2 protein expressed by cancer cells. Antibodies against truncated Trop2 ECD could bind to the endogenous Trop2 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. In addition to their high avidity, these polyclonal anti-sera against truncated Trop2 protein also mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In summary, our comparative analysis demonstrated the utility of truncated Trop2 ECD as a promising candidate to be pursued as an active immunotherapeutic molecule against Trop2-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya R Kamble
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Bhalchandra Kulkarni
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | | | - Madhulika Bajaj
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ananya A Breed
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Dhanashree Jagtap
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Smita Mahale
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Bhakti R Pathak
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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2
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Zou Y, Pronker MF, Damen JMA, Heck AJR, Reiding KR. Genotype-dependent N-glycosylation and newly exposed O-glycosylation affect plasmin-induced cleavage of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105683. [PMID: 38272220 PMCID: PMC10882129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein harboring at least three N-glycosylation sites. HRG integrates many biological processes, such as coagulation, antiangiogenic activity, and pathogen clearance. Importantly, HRG is known to exhibit five genetic variants with minor allele frequencies of more than 10%. Among them, Pro204Ser can induce a fourth N-glycosylation site (Asn202). Considerable efforts have been made to reveal the biological function of HRG, whereas data on HRG glycosylation are scarcer. To close this knowledge gap, we used C18-based LC-MS/MS to study the glycosylation characteristics of six HRG samples from different sources. We used endogenous HRG purified from human plasma and compared its glycosylation to that of the recombinant HRG produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells or human embryonic kidney 293 cells, targeting distinct genotypic isoforms. In endogenous plasma HRG, every N-glycosylation site was occupied predominantly with a sialylated diantennary complex-type glycan. In contrast, in the recombinant HRGs, all glycans showed different antennarities, sialylation, and core fucosylation, as well as the presence of oligomannose glycans, LacdiNAcs, and antennary fucosylation. Furthermore, we observed two previously unreported O-glycosylation sites in HRG on residues Thr273 and Thr274. These sites together showed more than 90% glycan occupancy in all HRG samples studied. To investigate the potential relevance of HRG glycosylation, we assessed the plasmin-induced cleavage of HRG under various conditions. These analyses revealed that the sialylation of the N- and O-glycans as well as the genotype-dependent N-glycosylation significantly influenced the kinetics and specificity of plasmin-induced cleavage of HRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matti F Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Mirjam A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Chernykh A, Abrahams JL, Grant OC, Kambanis L, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Ugonotti J, Kawahara R, Corcilius L, Payne RJ, Woods RJ, Thaysen-Andersen M. Position-specific N- and O-glycosylation of the reactive center loop impacts neutrophil elastase-mediated proteolysis of corticosteroid-binding globulin. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105519. [PMID: 38042488 PMCID: PMC10784704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) delivers anti-inflammatory cortisol to inflamed tissues through proteolysis of an exposed reactive center loop (RCL) by neutrophil elastase (NE). We previously demonstrated that RCL-localized Asn347-linked N-glycans impact NE proteolysis, but a comprehensive structure-function characterization of the RCL glycosylation is still required to better understand CBG glycobiology. Herein, we first performed RCL-centric glycoprofiling of serum-derived CBG to elucidate the Asn347-glycans and then used molecular dynamics simulations to study their impact on NE proteolysis. Importantly, we also identified O-glycosylation (di/sialyl T) across four RCL sites (Thr338/Thr342/Thr345/Ser350) of serum CBG close to the NE-targeted Val344-Thr345 cleavage site. A restricted N- and O-glycan co-occurrence pattern on the RCL involving exclusively Asn347 and Thr338 glycosylation was experimentally observed and supported in silico by modeling of a CBG-GalNAc-transferase (GalNAc-T) complex with various RCL glycans. GalNAc-T2 and GalNAc-T3 abundantly expressed by liver and gall bladder, respectively, showed in vitro a capacity to transfer GalNAc (Tn) to multiple RCL sites suggesting their involvement in RCL O-glycosylation. Recombinant CBG was then used to determine roles of RCL O-glycosylation through longitudinal NE-centric proteolysis experiments, which demonstrated that both sialoglycans (disialyl T) and asialoglycans (T) decorating Thr345 inhibit NE proteolysis. Synthetic RCL O-glycopeptides expanded on these findings by showing that Thr345-Tn and Thr342-Tn confer strong and moderate protection against NE cleavage, respectively. Molecular dynamics substantiated that short Thr345-linked O-glycans abrogate NE interactions. In conclusion, we report on biologically relevant CBG RCL glycosylation events, which improve our understanding of mechanisms governing cortisol delivery to inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Chernykh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Abrahams
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucas Kambanis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Glycometabolic Biochemistry Team, Cluster of Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Julian Ugonotti
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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4
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Yao BF, Luo XJ, Peng J. A review for the correlation between optic atrophy 1-dependent mitochondrial fusion and cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127910. [PMID: 37939779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is sustained by continuous and balanced fission and fusion, which are determinants of morphology, abundance, biogenesis and mitophagy of mitochondria. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), as the only inner mitochondrial membrane fusion protein, plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondrial dynamics. The disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to the pathophysiological progress of cardiovascular disorders, which are the main cause of death worldwide in recent decades and result in tremendous social burden. In this review, we describe the latest findings regarding OPA1 and its role in mitochondrial fusion. We summarize the post-translational modifications (PTMs) for OPA1 and its regulatory role in mitochondrial dynamics. Then the diverse cell fates caused by OPA1 expression during cardiovascular disorders are discussed. Moreover, cardiovascular disorders (such as heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy) relevant to OPA1-dependent mitochondrial dynamics imbalance have been detailed. Finally, we highlight the potential that targeting OPA1 to impact mitochondrial fusion may be used as a novel strategy against cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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5
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Sanz-Martinez I, Pereira S, Merino P, Corzana F, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Molecular Recognition of GalNAc in Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:548-560. [PMID: 36815693 PMCID: PMC9996832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusN-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-type O-glycosylation is an essential posttranslational modification (PTM) that plays fundamental roles in biology. Malfunction of this PTM is exemplified by the presence of truncated O-glycans in cancer. For instance, the glycoprotein MUC1 is overexpressed in many tumor tissues and tends to carry simple oligosaccharides that allow for the presentation of different tumor-associated antigens, such as the Tn or sTn antigens (GalNAc-α-1-O-Thr/Ser and Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr, respectively). In other cases, such as tumoral calcinosis associated with O-glycosylation of the fibroblast growth factor 23, O-glycans are absent or less abundant. Significant progress has been made in determining the three-dimensional structures of biomolecules that recognize GalNAc, such as antibodies, lectins, mucinases, GalNAc-transferases, and other glycosyltransferases. Analysis of the complexes between these entities and GalNAc-containing glycopeptides, in most cases derived from crystallographic or NMR analysis, provides an understanding of the key structural elements that control molecular recognition of these glycopeptides. Here, we describe and compare the binding sites of these proteins in detail, focusing on how the GalNAc moieties interact selectively with them. We also summarize the differences and similarities in GalNAc recognition. In general, the recognition of GalNAc-containing glycopeptides is determined by hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups and the N-acetyl group of GalNAc with proteins, as well as CH-π contacts in which the hydrophobic α-face of the sugar and the methyl group of NHAc can be involved. The latter interaction usually provides the basis for selectivity. It is worth noting that binding of these glycopeptides depends primarily on recognition of the sugar moiety, with some exceptions such as a few anti-MUC1 antibodies that primarily recognize the peptide backbone and use the sugar to facilitate shape complementarity or to establish a limited number of interactions with the protein. Focusing specifically on the GalNAc moiety, we can observe that there is some degeneracy of interactions within the same protein families, likely due to substrate flexibility. However, when all studied proteins are considered together, despite the commonalities within each protein family, no pattern can be discerned between the different families, apart from the presence of common residues such as Tyr, His, or Asp, which are responsible for hydrogen bonds. The lack of a pattern can be anticipated, given the diverse functions of mucinases, glycosyltransferases, antibodies, and lectins. Finally, it is important to point out that the conformational differences observed in solution in glycopeptides bearing GalNAc-α-1-O-Ser or GalNAc-α-1-O-Thr also can be found in the bound state. This unique characteristic is exploited, for instance, by the enzyme C1GalT1 to broadly glycosylate both acceptor substrates. The findings summarized in this review may contribute to the rational structure-guided development of therapeutic vaccines, novel diagnostic tools for early cancer detection, and new cancer treatments for cancer with tailored anti-Tn or anti-STn antibodies or new drugs to inhibit GalNAc-T isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz-Martinez
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Glycobiology Unit, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Campus San Francisco, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Glycobiology Unit, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Campus San Francisco, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Glycobiology Unit, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Campus San Francisco, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Glycobiology Unit, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.,Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Sørensen DM, Büll C, Madsen TD, Lira-Navarrete E, Clausen TM, Clark AE, Garretson AF, Karlsson R, Pijnenborg JFA, Yin X, Miller RL, Chanda SK, Boltje TJ, Schjoldager KT, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A, Esko JD, Carlin AF, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Weigert R, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:948. [PMID: 36804936 PMCID: PMC9941569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays with difficulties moving candidates to cells and animals. Here, we circumvent this by employing a cell-based screening assay using glycoengineered cells expressing tailored reporter glycoproteins. We focused on GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and selected the GalNAc-T11 isoenzyme that selectively glycosylates endocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related proteins as targets. Our screen of a limited small molecule compound library did not identify selective inhibitors of GalNAc-T11, however, we identify two compounds that broadly inhibited Golgi-localized glycosylation processes. These compounds mediate the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi system without affecting secretion. We demonstrate how these inhibitors can be used to manipulate glycosylation in cells to induce expression of truncated O-glycans and augment binding of cancer-specific Tn-glycoprotein antibodies and to inhibit expression of heparan sulfate and binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan F A Pijnenborg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Schmoll M, Hinterdobler W. Tools for adapting to a complex habitat: G-protein coupled receptors in Trichoderma. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:65-97. [PMID: 36357080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensing the environment and interpretation of the received signals are crucial competences of living organisms in order to properly adapt to their habitat, succeed in competition and to reproduce. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are members of a large family of sensors for extracellular signals and represent the starting point of complex signaling cascades regulating a plethora of intracellular physiological processes and output pathways in fungi. In Trichoderma spp. current research involves a wide range of topics from enzyme production, light response and secondary metabolism to sexual and asexual development as well as biocontrol, all of which require delicate balancing of resources in response to the environmental challenges or biotechnological needs at hand, which are crucially impacted by the surroundings of the fungi and their intercellular signaling cascades triggering a precisely tailored response. In this review we summarize recent findings on sensing by GPCRs in Trichoderma, including the function of pheromone receptors, glucose sensing by CSG1 and CSG2, regulation of secondary metabolism by GPR8 and impacts on mycoparasitism by GPR1. Additionally, we provide an overview on structural determinants, posttranslational modifications and interactions for regulation, activation and signal termination of GPCRs in order to inspire future in depth analyses of their function and to understand previous regulatory outcomes of natural and biotechnological processes modulated or enabled by GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmoll
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Liu S, Kerr ED, Pegg CL, Schulz BL. Proteomics and glycoproteomics of beer and wine. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100329. [PMID: 35716130 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beer and wine are fermented beverages that contain abundant proteins released from barley or grapes, and secreted from yeast. These proteins are associated with many quality attributes including turbidity, foamability, effervescence, flavour and colour. Many grape proteins and secreted yeast proteins are glycosylated, and barley proteins can be glycated under the high temperatures in the beer making process. The emergence of high-resolution mass spectrometry has allowed proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of these complex mixtures of proteins towards understanding their role in determining beer and wine attributes. In this review, we summarise recent studies of proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of beer and wine including their strategies for mass spectrometry (MS)-based identification, quantification and characterisation of the glyco/proteomes of fermented beverages to control product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edward D Kerr
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Singh Y, Regmi D, Ormaza D, Ayyalasomayajula R, Vela N, Mundim G, Du D, Minond D, Cudic M. Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation Proximal to β-Secretase Cleavage Site Affects APP Processing and Aggregation Fate. Front Chem 2022; 10:859822. [PMID: 35464218 PMCID: PMC9023740 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.859822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) undergoes proteolysis by β- and γ-secretases to form amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), which is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent findings suggest a possible role of O-glycosylation on APP’s proteolytic processing and subsequent fate for AD-related pathology. We have previously reported that Tyr681-O-glycosylation and the Swedish mutation accelerate cleavage of APP model glycopeptides by β-secretase (amyloidogenic pathway) more than α-secretase (non-amyloidogenic pathway). Therefore, to further our studies, we have synthesized additional native and Swedish-mutated (glyco)peptides with O-GalNAc moiety on Thr663 and/or Ser667 to explore the role of glycosylation on conformation, secretase activity, and aggregation kinetics of Aβ40. Our results show that conformation is strongly dependent on external conditions such as buffer ions and solvent polarity as well as internal modifications of (glyco)peptides such as length, O-glycosylation, and Swedish mutation. Furthermore, the level of β-secretase activity significantly increases for the glycopeptides containing the Swedish mutation compared to their nonglycosylated and native counterparts. Lastly, the glycopeptides impact the kinetics of Aβ40 aggregation by significantly increasing the lag phase and delaying aggregation onset, however, this effect is less pronounced for its Swedish-mutated counterparts. In conclusion, our results confirm that the Swedish mutation and/or O-glycosylation can render APP model glycopeptides more susceptible to cleavage by β-secretase. In addition, this study sheds new light on the possible role of glycosylation and/or glycan density on the rate of Aβ40 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- YashoNandini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Deepika Regmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - David Ormaza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Ramya Ayyalasomayajula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Nancy Vela
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo Mundim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College of Pharmacy and Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Maré Cudic,
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10
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Wang H, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. Protein post-translational modifications in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:529-547. [PMID: 35393571 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Although the classical PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation, have been well studied, the emergence of many new modifications, such as succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, introduces a new layer to protein regulation, leaving much more to be explored and wide application prospects. In this review, we will provide a broad overview of the significant roles of PTMs in regulating human cancer hallmarks through selecting a diverse set of examples, and update the current advances in the therapeutic implications of these PTMs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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11
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Konstantinidi A, Nason R, Čaval T, Sun L, Sørensen DM, Furukawa S, Ye Z, Vincentelli R, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Exploring the glycosylation of mucins by use of O-glycodomain reporters recombinantly expressed in glycoengineered HEK293 cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101784. [PMID: 35247390 PMCID: PMC8980628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins and glycoproteins with mucin-like regions contain densely O-glycosylated domains often found in tandem repeat (TR) sequences. These O-glycodomains have traditionally been difficult to characterize because of their resistance to proteolytic digestion, and knowledge of the precise positions of O-glycans is particularly limited for these regions. Here, we took advantage of a recently developed glycoengineered cell-based platform for the display and production of mucin TR reporters with custom-designed O-glycosylation to characterize O-glycodomains derived from mucins and mucin-like glycoproteins. We combined intact mass and bottom–up site-specific analysis for mapping O-glycosites in the mucins, MUC2, MUC20, MUC21, protein P-selectin-glycoprotein ligand 1, and proteoglycan syndecan-3. We found that all the potential Ser/Thr positions in these O-glycodomains were O-glycosylated when expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 SimpleCells (Tn-glycoform). Interestingly, we found that all potential Ser/Thr O-glycosites in TRs derived from secreted mucins and most glycosites from transmembrane mucins were almost fully occupied, whereas TRs from a subset of transmembrane mucins were less efficiently processed. We further used the mucin TR reporters to characterize cleavage sites of glycoproteases StcE (secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor from EHEC) and BT4244, revealing more restricted substrate specificities than previously reported. Finally, we conducted a bottom–up analysis of isolated ovine submaxillary mucin, which supported our findings that mucin TRs in general are efficiently O-glycosylated at all potential glycosites. This study provides insight into O-glycosylation of mucins and mucin-like domains, and the strategies developed open the field for wider analysis of native mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Čaval
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanae Furukawa
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Singh Y, Ormaza D, Massetti A, Minond D, Cudic M. Tyrosine O-GalNAc Alters the Conformation and Proteolytic Susceptibility of APP Model Glycopeptides. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2974-2980. [PMID: 34324289 PMCID: PMC8378340 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) undergoes proteolytic cleavage by α-,
β-, and γ-secretases, to determine its fate in Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) pathogenesis. Recent findings suggest a possible role of
O-glycosylation in APP’s proteolytic processing. Therefore, we
synthesized native and Swedish-double-mutated APP (glyco)peptides with
Tyr681-O-GalNAc. We studied conformational changes and
proteolytic processing using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and enzyme cleavage
assay, respectively. CD analysis was carried out in four solvent systems to evaluate
peptide environment and O-glycosylation induced conformational changes.
The Swedish mutation and Tyr681-O-GalNAc were the key
factors driving conformational changes. Furthermore, the level of α- and
β-secretase activity was increased by the presence of mutation and this effect was
more pronounced for its glycosylated analogues. Our results suggest that
O-glycosylation of Tyr681 can induce a conformational
change in APP and affect its proteolytic processing fate toward the amyloidogenic
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- YashoNandini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E, Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - David Ormaza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E, Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Alessandra Massetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E, Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College of Pharmacy and Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E, Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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13
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Wandall HH, Nielsen MAI, King-Smith S, de Haan N, Bagdonaite I. Global functions of O-glycosylation: promises and challenges in O-glycobiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7183-7212. [PMID: 34346177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is one of the most diverse types of glycosylation, playing essential roles in tissue development and homeostasis. In complex organisms, O-GalNAc glycans comprise a substantial proportion of the glycocalyx, with defined functions in hemostatic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Furthermore, O-GalNAc glycans are important players in host-microbe interactions, and changes in O-glycan composition are associated with certain diseases and metabolic conditions, which in some instances can be used for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Breakthroughs in O-glycobiology have gone hand in hand with the development of new technologies, such as advancements in mass spectrometry, as well as facilitation of genetic engineering in mammalian cell lines. High-throughput O-glycoproteomics have enabled us to draw a comprehensive map of O-glycosylation, and mining this information has supported the definition and confirmation of functions related to site-specific O-glycans. This includes protection from proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of binding affinity or receptor function. Yet, there is still much to discover, and among the important next challenges will be to define the context-dependent functions of O-glycans in different stages of cellular differentiation, cellular metabolism, host-microbiome interactions, and in disease. In this review, we present the achievements and the promises in O-GalNAc glycobiology driven by technological advances in analytical methods, genetic engineering, and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A I Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah King-Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Vandooren J, Pereira RVS, Ugarte-Berzal E, Rybakin V, Noppen S, Stas MR, Bernaerts E, Ganseman E, Metzemaekers M, Schols D, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Internal Disulfide Bonding and Glycosylation of Interleukin-7 Protect Against Proteolytic Inactivation by Neutrophil Metalloproteinases and Serine Proteases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701739. [PMID: 34276694 PMCID: PMC8278288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a cell growth factor with a central role in normal T cell development, survival and differentiation. The lack of IL-7–IL-7 receptor(R)-mediated signaling compromises lymphoid development, whereas increased signaling activity contributes to the development of chronic inflammation, cancer and autoimmunity. Gain-of-function alterations of the IL-7R and the signaling through Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are enriched in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and autocrine production of IL-7 by T-ALL cells is involved in the phenotypes of leukemic initiation and oncogenic spreading. Several IL-7-associated pathologies are also characterized by increased presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), due to neutrophil degranulation and its regulated production by other cell types. Since proteases secreted by neutrophils are known to modulate the activity of many cytokines, we investigated the interactions between IL-7, MMP-9 and several other neutrophil-derived proteases. We demonstrated that MMP-9 efficiently cleaved human IL-7 in the exposed loop between the α-helices C and D and that this process is delayed by IL-7 N-linked glycosylation. Functionally, the proteolytic cleavage of IL-7 did not influence IL-7Rα binding and internalization nor the direct pro-proliferative effects of IL-7 on a T-ALL cell line (HPB-ALL) or in primary CD8+ human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A comparable effect was observed for the neutrophil serine proteases neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and combinations of neutrophil proteases. Hence, glycosylation and disulfide bonding as two posttranslational modifications influence IL-7 bioavailability in the human species: glycosylation protects against proteolysis, whereas internal cysteine bridging under physiological redox state keeps the IL-7 conformations as active proteoforms. Finally, we showed that mouse IL-7 does not contain the protease-sensitive loop and, consequently, was not cleaved by MMP-9. With the latter finding we discovered differences in IL-7 biology between the human and mouse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa R Stas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Bernaerts
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research/KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Towards structure-focused glycoproteomics. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:161-186. [PMID: 33439247 PMCID: PMC7925015 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated by advances in the separation sciences, mass spectrometry and informatics, glycoproteomics, the analysis of intact glycopeptides at scale, has recently matured enabling new insights into the complex glycoproteome. While diverse quantitative glycoproteomics strategies capable of mapping monosaccharide compositions of N- and O-linked glycans to discrete sites of proteins within complex biological mixtures with considerable sensitivity, quantitative accuracy and coverage have become available, developments supporting the advancement of structure-focused glycoproteomics, a recognised frontier in the field, have emerged. Technologies capable of providing site-specific information of the glycan fine structures in a glycoproteome-wide context are indeed necessary to address many pending questions in glycobiology. In this review, we firstly survey the latest glycoproteomics studies published in 2018–2020, their approaches and their findings, and then summarise important technological innovations in structure-focused glycoproteomics. Our review illustrates that while the O-glycoproteome remains comparably under-explored despite the emergence of new O-glycan-selective mucinases and other innovative tools aiding O-glycoproteome profiling, quantitative glycoproteomics is increasingly used to profile the N-glycoproteome to tackle diverse biological questions. Excitingly, new strategies compatible with structure-focused glycoproteomics including novel chemoenzymatic labelling, enrichment, separation, and mass spectrometry-based detection methods are rapidly emerging revealing glycan fine structural details including bisecting GlcNAcylation, core and antenna fucosylation, and sialyl-linkage information with protein site resolution. Glycoproteomics has clearly become a mainstay within the glycosciences that continues to reach a broader community. It transpires that structure-focused glycoproteomics holds a considerable potential to aid our understanding of systems glycobiology and unlock secrets of the glycoproteome in the immediate future.
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16
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Tjondro HC, Ugonotti J, Kawahara R, Chatterjee S, Loke I, Chen S, Soltermann F, Hinneburg H, Parker BL, Venkatakrishnan V, Dieckmann R, Grant OC, Bylund J, Rodger A, Woods RJ, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Struwe WB, Thaysen-Andersen M. Hyper-truncated Asn355- and Asn391-glycans modulate the activity of neutrophil granule myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100144. [PMID: 33273015 PMCID: PMC7857493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays essential roles in neutrophil-mediated immunity via the generation of reactive oxidation products. Complex carbohydrates decorate MPO at discrete sites, but their functional relevance remains elusive. To this end, we have characterised the structure-biosynthesis-activity relationship of neutrophil MPO (nMPO). Mass spectrometry demonstrated that nMPO carries both characteristic under-processed and hyper-truncated glycans. Occlusion of the Asn355/Asn391-glycosylation sites and the Asn323-/Asn483-glycans, located in the MPO dimerisation zone, was found to affect the local glycan processing, thereby providing a molecular basis of the site-specific nMPO glycosylation. Native mass spectrometry, mass photometry and glycopeptide profiling revealed significant molecular complexity of diprotomeric nMPO arising from heterogeneous glycosylation, oxidation, chlorination and polypeptide truncation variants and a previously unreported low-abundance monoprotomer. Longitudinal profiling of maturing, mature, granule-separated and pathogen-stimulated neutrophils demonstrated that nMPO is dynamically expressed during granulopoiesis, unevenly distributed across granules and degranulated upon activation. We also show that proMPO-to-MPO maturation occurs during early/mid-stage granulopoiesis. While similar global MPO glycosylation was observed across conditions, the conserved Asn355-/Asn391-sites displayed elevated glycan hyper-truncation, which correlated with higher enzyme activities of MPO in distinct granule populations. Enzymatic trimming of the Asn355-/Asn391-glycans recapitulated the activity gain and showed that nMPO carrying hyper-truncated glycans at these positions exhibits increased thermal stability, polypeptide accessibility and ceruloplasmin-mediated inhibition potential relative to native nMPO. Finally, molecular modelling revealed that hyper-truncated Asn355-glycans positioned in the MPO-ceruloplasmin interface are critical for uninterrupted inhibition. Here, through an innovative and comprehensive approach, we report novel functional roles of MPO glycans, providing new insight into neutrophil-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Tjondro
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Ugonotti
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Cordlife Group Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Soltermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Hinneburg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regis Dieckmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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17
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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18
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Patwardhan A, Cheng N, Trejo J. Post-Translational Modifications of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Control Cellular Signaling Dynamics in Space and Time. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:120-151. [PMID: 33268549 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family comprising >800 signaling receptors that regulate numerous cellular and physiologic responses. GPCRs have been implicated in numerous diseases and represent the largest class of drug targets. Although advances in GPCR structure and pharmacology have improved drug discovery, the regulation of GPCR function by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) has received minimal attention. Over 200 PTMs are known to exist in mammalian cells, yet only a few have been reported for GPCRs. Early studies revealed phosphorylation as a major regulator of GPCR signaling, whereas later reports implicated a function for ubiquitination, glycosylation, and palmitoylation in GPCR biology. Although our knowledge of GPCR phosphorylation is extensive, our knowledge of the modifying enzymes, regulation, and function of other GPCR PTMs is limited. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR post-translational modifications with a greater focus on new discoveries. We discuss the subcellular location and regulatory mechanisms that control post-translational modifications of GPCRs. The functional implications of newly discovered GPCR PTMs on receptor folding, biosynthesis, endocytic trafficking, dimerization, compartmentalized signaling, and biased signaling are also provided. Methods to detect and study GPCR PTMs as well as PTM crosstalk are further highlighted. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of GPCR PTMs in human disease and their importance for drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Post-translational modification of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls all aspects of receptor function; however, the detection and study of diverse types of GPCR modifications are limited. A thorough understanding of the role and mechanisms by which diverse post-translational modifications regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking is essential for understanding dysregulated mechanisms in disease and for improving and refining drug development for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Norton Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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19
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Global view of human protein glycosylation pathways and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:729-749. [PMID: 33087899 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most abundant and diverse form of post-translational modification of proteins that is common to all eukaryotic cells. Enzymatic glycosylation of proteins involves a complex metabolic network and different types of glycosylation pathways that orchestrate enormous amplification of the proteome in producing diversity of proteoforms and its biological functions. The tremendous structural diversity of glycans attached to proteins poses analytical challenges that limit exploration of specific functions of glycosylation. Major advances in quantitative transcriptomics, proteomics and nuclease-based gene editing are now opening new global ways to explore protein glycosylation through analysing and targeting enzymes involved in glycosylation processes. In silico models predicting cellular glycosylation capacities and glycosylation outcomes are emerging, and refined maps of the glycosylation pathways facilitate genetic approaches to address functions of the vast glycoproteome. These approaches apply commonly available cell biology tools, and we predict that use of (single-cell) transcriptomics, genetic screens, genetic engineering of cellular glycosylation capacities and custom design of glycoprotein therapeutics are advancements that will ignite wider integration of glycosylation in general cell biology.
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20
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Daniel EJP, las Rivas M, Lira-Navarrete E, García-García A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Clausen H, Gerken TA. Ser and Thr acceptor preferences of the GalNAc-Ts vary among isoenzymes to modulate mucin-type O-glycosylation. Glycobiology 2020; 30:910-922. [PMID: 32304323 PMCID: PMC7581654 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiates mucin-type O-glycosylation, transferring GalNAc onto hydroxyl groups of Ser and Thr residues of target substrates. The 20 GalNAc-T isoenzymes in humans are classified into nine subfamilies according to sequence similarity. GalNAc-Ts select their sites of glycosylation based on weak and overlapping peptide sequence motifs, as well prior substrate O-GalNAc glycosylation at sites both remote (long-range) and neighboring (short-range) the acceptor. Together, these preferences vary among GalNAc-Ts imparting each isoenzyme with its own unique specificity. Studies on the first identified GalNAc-Ts showed Thr acceptors were preferred over Ser acceptors; however studies comparing Thr vs. Ser glycosylation across the GalNAc-T family are lacking. Using a series of identical random peptide substrates, with single Thr or Ser acceptor sites, we determined the rate differences (Thr/Ser rate ratio) between Thr and Ser substrate glycosylation for 12 isoenzymes (representing 7 GalNAc-T subfamilies). These Thr/Ser rate ratios varied across subfamilies, ranging from ~2 to ~18 (for GalNAc-T4/GalNAc-T12 and GalNAc-T3/GalNAc-T6, respectively), while nearly identical Thr/Ser rate ratios were observed for isoenzymes within subfamilies. Furthermore, the Thr/Ser rate ratios did not appreciably vary over a series of fixed sequence substrates of different relative activities, suggesting the ratio is a constant for each isoenzyme against single acceptor substrates. Finally, based on GalNAc-T structures, the different Thr/Ser rate ratios likely reflect differences in the strengths of the Thr acceptor methyl group binding to the active site pocket. With this work, another activity that further differentiates substrate specificity among the GalNAc-Ts has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde las Rivas
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Ana García-García
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Madsen TD, Hansen LH, Hintze J, Ye Z, Jebari S, Andersen DB, Joshi HJ, Ju T, Goetze JP, Martin C, Rosenkilde MM, Holst JJ, Kuhre RE, Goth CK, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT. An atlas of O-linked glycosylation on peptide hormones reveals diverse biological roles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4033. [PMID: 32820167 PMCID: PMC7441158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neuropeptides encompass a large class of bioactive peptides that regulate physiological processes like anxiety, blood glucose, appetite, inflammation and blood pressure. Here, we execute a focused discovery strategy to provide an extensive map of O-glycans on peptide hormones. We find that almost one third of the 279 classified peptide hormones carry O-glycans. Many of the identified O-glycosites are conserved and are predicted to serve roles in proprotein processing, receptor interaction, biodistribution and biostability. We demonstrate that O-glycans positioned within the receptor binding motifs of members of the neuropeptide Y and glucagon families modulate receptor activation properties and substantially extend peptide half-lives. Our study highlights the importance of O-glycosylation in the biology of peptide hormones, and our map of O-glycosites in this large class of biomolecules serves as a discovery platform for an important class of molecules with potential opportunities for drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lasse H Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Shifa Jebari
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, 48080, Spain
| | - Daniel B Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cesar Martin
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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22
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Liang T, Xu Z, Jia W, Zhang H, Yang F, Zou X, Zhang Y. A simple bacterial expression system for human ppGalNAc-T and used for the synthesis of O-GalNAc glycosylated interleukin 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:57-63. [PMID: 32560819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation (hereafter referred to as O-GalNAc glycosylation) is one of the most abundant glycosylation on proteins. It is initiated by the members of polypeptide N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) family. The ppGalNAc-Ts could be used as tool enzymes to modify target proteins including therapeutic glycoprotein drugs with O-GalNAc glycosylation at specific glycosylated sites in vitro. Obtaining a large amount of ppGalNAc-T can greatly increase the yield of therapeutic O-glycoprotein and reduce the culture costs. In this study, we reported a simple Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system capable of producing human ppGalNAc-Ts. By co-expressing human PDI, we could simply obtain active ppGalNAc-Ts with high efficiency. Using the E. coli expressed ppGalNAc-T2, we site-specifically synthesized O-glycosylated IL-2 at the native glycosylated site Thr23 residue. These results reveal the E. coli system we constructed is suitable to produce active ppGalNAc-Ts and thus has the potential value for basic research and production of therapeutic O-glycoproteins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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23
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Lemos Duarte M, Devi LA. Post-translational Modifications of Opioid Receptors. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:417-432. [PMID: 32459993 PMCID: PMC7323054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key events in signal transduction since they affect protein function by regulating their abundance and/or activity. PTMs involve the covalent attachment of functional groups to specific amino acids. Since they tend to be generally reversible, PTMs serve as regulators of signal transduction pathways. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major signaling proteins that undergo multiple types of PTMs. In this Review, we focus on the opioid receptors, members of GPCR family A, and highlight recent advances in the field that have underscored the importance of PTMs in the functional regulation of these receptors. Since opioid receptor activity plays a central role in the development of tolerance and addiction to morphine and other drugs of abuse, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating receptor activity is of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Xu Z, Ku X, Tomioka A, Xie W, Liang T, Zou X, Cui Y, Sato T, Kaji H, Narimatsu H, Yan W, Zhang Y. O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine modification is present on the tumor suppressor p53. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129635. [PMID: 32417172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin-type O-glycosylation (referred to as O-GalNAc glycosylation) is the most abundant O-glycosylation on membrane and secretory proteins. Recently several evidences suggest that nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins might also have O-GalNAc glycosylation. However, what nucleocytoplasmic proteins are O-GalNAc glycosylated and what the biological function of this modification in cells are still poorly understood. Previously, we reported the tumor suppressor p53 could be O-GalNAc glycosylated in vitro. To investigate the existence and function of O-GalNAc glycosylation on nucleocytoplasmic proteins in cell, p53 as a representative nucleocytoplasmic protein was studied. METHODS Using lectin blotting with GalNAc specific lectins, enzymatic treatments with O-GlcNAcase, core 1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase and O-glycosidase, and metabolic labeling with un-O-acetylated GalNAz in UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase (GALE) knockout cells, we validated the O-GalNAc glycosylation on p53. Using mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the glycosylated sites and studied the functions of O-GalNAc glycosylation on p53. RESULTS The p53 was O-GalNAc glycosylated in cells. Ser121 residue was one of the glycosylated sites on p53. The O-GalNAc glycosylation at Ser121 was associated with the stability and activity of p53. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that the O-GalNAc glycosylation was a novel modification on p53. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provided a pilot evidence that the O-GalNAc glycosylation existed on nucleocytoplasmic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Ku
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Azusa Tomioka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Wenxian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yalu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; SCSB (China)-AIST (Japan) Joint Medical Glycomics Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
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25
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MOHL JONATHONE, GERKEN THOMAS, LEUNG MINGYING. Predicting mucin-type O-Glycosylation using enhancement value products from derived protein features. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 19:2040003. [PMID: 33208985 PMCID: PMC7671581 DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins. This glycosylation is initiated in the Golgi by the addition of the sugar N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) onto protein Ser and Thr residues by a family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases. In humans there are 20 isoforms that are differentially expressed across tissues that serve multiple important biological roles. Using random peptide substrates, isoform specific amino acid preferences have been obtained in the form of enhancement values (EV). These EVs alone have previously been used to predict O-glycosylation sites via the web based ISOGlyP (Isoform Specific O-Glycosylation Prediction) tool. Here we explore additional protein features to determine whether these can complement the random peptide derived enhancement values and increase the predictive power of ISOGlyP. The inclusion of additional protein substrate features (such as secondary structure and surface accessibility) was found to increase sensitivity with minimal loss of specificity, when tested with three different published in vivo O-glycoproteomics data sets, thus increasing the overall accuracy of the ISOGlyP predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JONATHON E. MOHL
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Border Biomedical Research
Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - THOMAS GERKEN
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - MING-YING LEUNG
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Border Biomedical Research
Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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26
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Chandel I, Ten Hagen KG, Panin V. Sweet rescue or surrender of the failing heart? J Biol Chem 2020; 294:12579-12580. [PMID: 31444307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h119.010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones involved in maintaining heart health that undergo proteolytic cleavage to become activated. Previous work has shown that O-GalNAc glycans affect their processing and activation. Here, Goetze, Schjoldager, and colleagues now provide comprehensive characterization of O-glycosylation of NPs, revealing that all members of the NP family can be modified by O-GalNAc glycans. Intriguingly, the study discovers glycans in the receptor-binding region of the A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP), demonstrating that they affect both stability and activity of ANP. These results may inform future therapeutic approaches for heart failure using peptide glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Vlad Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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27
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Goth CK, Petäjä-Repo UE, Rosenkilde MM. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Sweet Spot: Glycosylation and other Post-translational Modifications. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:237-245. [PMID: 32296765 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are a fundamental phenomenon across all classes of life and several hundred different types have been identified. PTMs contribute widely to the biological functions of proteins and greatly increase their diversity. One important class of proteins regulated by PTMs, is the cell surface expressed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). While most PTMs have been shown to exert distinct biological functions, we are only beginning to approach the complexity that the potential interplay between different PTMs may have on biological functions and their regulation. Importantly, PTMs and their potential interplay represent an appealing mechanism for cell and tissue specific regulation of GPCR function and may partially contribute to functional selectivity of some GPCRs. In this review we highlight examples of PTMs located in GPCR extracellular domains, with special focus on glycosylation and the potential interplay with other close-by PTMs such as tyrosine sulfation, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer K Goth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2200, Denmark
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2200, Denmark
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28
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Mehta AY, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD, Goth CK. Emerging patterns of tyrosine sulfation and O-glycosylation cross-talk and co-localization. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 62:102-111. [PMID: 31927217 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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29
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Narimatsu Y, Joshi HJ, Schjoldager KT, Hintze J, Halim A, Steentoft C, Nason R, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Vakhrushev SY. Exploring Regulation of Protein O-Glycosylation in Isogenic Human HEK293 Cells by Differential O-Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1396-1409. [PMID: 31040225 PMCID: PMC6601209 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most proteins trafficking the secretory pathway of metazoan cells will acquire GalNAc-type O-glycosylation. GalNAc-type O-glycosylation is differentially regulated in cells by the expression of a repertoire of up to twenty genes encoding polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms (GalNAc-Ts) that initiate O-glycosylation. These GalNAc-Ts orchestrate the positions and patterns of O-glycans on proteins in coordinated, but poorly understood ways - guided partly by the kinetic properties and substrate specificities of their catalytic domains, as well as by modulatory effects of their unique GalNAc-binding lectin domains. Here, we provide the hereto most comprehensive characterization of nonredundant contributions of individual GalNAc-T isoforms to the O-glycoproteome of the human HEK293 cell using quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on a panel of isogenic HEK293 cells with knockout of GalNAc-T genes (GALNT1, T2, T3, T7, T10, or T11). We confirm that a major part of the O-glycoproteome is covered by redundancy, whereas distinct O-glycosite subsets are covered by nonredundant GalNAc-T isoform-specific functions. We demonstrate that the GalNAc-T7 and T10 isoforms function in follow-up of high-density O-glycosylated regions, and that GalNAc-T11 has highly restricted functions and essentially only serves the low-density lipoprotein-related receptors in linker regions (C6XXXTC1) between the ligand-binding repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Narimatsu
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catharina Steentoft
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- From the ‡Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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30
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Hansen LH, Madsen TD, Goth CK, Clausen H, Chen Y, Dzhoyashvili N, Iyer SR, Sangaralingham SJ, Burnett JC, Rehfeld JF, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Goetze JP. Discovery of O-glycans on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) that affect both its proteolytic degradation and potency at its cognate receptor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12567-12578. [PMID: 31186350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone that in response to atrial stretch is secreted from atrial myocytes into the circulation, where it stimulates vasodilatation and natriuresis. ANP is an important biomarker of heart failure where low plasma concentrations exclude cardiac dysfunction. ANP is a member of the natriuretic peptide (NP) family, which also includes the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the C-type natriuretic peptide. The proforms of these hormones undergo processing to mature peptides, and for proBNP, this process has previously been demonstrated to be regulated by O-glycosylation. It has been suggested that proANP also may undergo post-translational modifications. Here, we conducted a targeted O-glycoproteomics approach to characterize O-glycans on NPs and demonstrate that all NP members can carry O-glycans. We identified four O-glycosites in proANP in the porcine heart, and surprisingly, two of these were located on the mature bioactive ANP itself. We found that one of these glycans is located within a conserved sequence motif of the receptor-binding region, suggesting that O-glycans may serve a function beyond intracellular processing and maturation. We also identified an O-glycoform of proANP naturally occurring in human circulation. We demonstrated that site-specific O-glycosylation shields bioactive ANP from proteolytic degradation and modifies potency at its cognate receptor in vitro Furthermore, we showed that ANP O-glycosylation attenuates acute renal and cardiovascular ANP actions in vivo The discovery of novel glycosylated ANP proteoforms reported here significantly improves our understanding of cardiac endocrinology and provides important insight into the etiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse H Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Chen
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Nina Dzhoyashvili
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Seethalakshmi R Iyer
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - S Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Salom D, Jin H, Gerken TA, Yu C, Huang L, Palczewski K. Human red and green cone opsins are O-glycosylated at an N-terminal Ser/Thr-rich domain conserved in vertebrates. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8123-8133. [PMID: 30948514 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental differences in the structures of outer segments between rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina. Visual pigments are the only essential membrane proteins that differ between rod and cone outer segments, making it likely that they contribute to these structural differences. Human rhodopsin is N-glycosylated on Asn2 and Asn15, whereas human (h) red and green cone opsins (hOPSR and hOPSG, respectively) are N-glycosylated at Asn34 Here, utilizing a monoclonal antibody (7G8 mAB), we demonstrate that hOPSR and hOPSG from human retina also are O-glycosylated with full occupancy. We determined that 7G8 mAB recognizes the N-terminal sequence 21DSTQSSIF28 of hOPSR and hOPSG from extracts of human retina, but only after their O-glycans have been removed with O-glycosidase treatment, thus revealing this post-translational modification of red and green cone opsins. In addition, we show that hOPSR and hOPSG from human retina are recognized by jacalin, a lectin that binds to O-glycans, preferentially to Gal-GalNAc. Next, we confirmed the presence of O-glycans on OPSR and OPSG from several vertebrate species, including mammals, birds, and amphibians. Finally, the analysis of bovine OPSR by MS identified an O-glycan on Ser22, a residue that is semi-conserved (Ser or Thr) among vertebrate OPSR and OPSG. These results suggest that O-glycosylation is a fundamental feature of red and green cone opsins, which may be relevant to their function or to cone cell development, and that differences in this post-translational modification also could contribute to the different morphologies of rod and cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salom
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
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32
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Valoskova K, Biebl J, Roblek M, Emtenani S, Gyoergy A, Misova M, Ratheesh A, Reis-Rodrigues P, Shkarina K, Larsen ISB, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Siekhaus DE. A conserved major facilitator superfamily member orchestrates a subset of O-glycosylation to aid macrophage tissue invasion. eLife 2019; 8:e41801. [PMID: 30910009 PMCID: PMC6435326 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant display of the truncated core1 O-glycan T-antigen is a common feature of human cancer cells that correlates with metastasis. Here we show that T-antigen in Drosophila melanogaster macrophages is involved in their developmentally programmed tissue invasion. Higher macrophage T-antigen levels require an atypical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) member that we named Minerva which enables macrophage dissemination and invasion. We characterize for the first time the T and Tn glycoform O-glycoproteome of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and determine that Minerva increases the presence of T-antigen on proteins in pathways previously linked to cancer, most strongly on the sulfhydryl oxidase Qsox1 which we show is required for macrophage tissue entry. Minerva's vertebrate ortholog, MFSD1, rescues the minerva mutant's migration and T-antigen glycosylation defects. We thus identify a key conserved regulator that orchestrates O-glycosylation on a protein subset to activate a program governing migration steps important for both development and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Michaela Misova
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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33
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Nakamura N, Kurosaka A. Mucin-type glycosylation as a regulatory factor of amyloid precursor protein processing. J Biochem 2019; 165:205-208. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naosuke Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kurosaka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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34
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Hintze J, Ye Z, Narimatsu Y, Madsen TD, Joshi HJ, Goth CK, Linstedt A, Bachert C, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT. Probing the contribution of individual polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms to the O-glycoproteome by inducible expression in isogenic cell lines. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19064-19077. [PMID: 30327431 PMCID: PMC6295722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The GalNAc-type O-glycoproteome is orchestrated by a large family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoenzymes (GalNAc-Ts) with partially overlapping contributions to the O-glycoproteome besides distinct nonredundant functions. Increasing evidence indicates that individual GalNAc-Ts co-regulate and fine-tune specific protein functions in health and disease, and deficiencies in individual GALNT genes underlie congenital diseases with distinct phenotypes. Studies of GalNAc-T specificities have mainly been performed with in vitro enzyme assays using short peptide substrates, but recently quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics of isogenic cells with and without GALNT genes has enabled a more unbiased exploration of the nonredundant contributions of individual GalNAc-Ts. Both approaches suggest that fairly small subsets of O-glycosites are nonredundantly regulated by specific GalNAc-Ts, but how these isoenzymes orchestrate regulation among competing redundant substrates is unclear. To explore this, here we developed isogenic cell model systems with Tet-On inducible expression of two GalNAc-T genes, GALNT2 and GALNT11, in a knockout background in HEK293 cells. Using quantitative O-glycoproteomics with tandem-mass-tag (TMT) labeling, we found that isoform-specific glycosites are glycosylated in a dose-dependent manner and that induction of GalNAc-T2 or -T11 produces discrete glycosylation effects without affecting the major part of the O-glycoproteome. These results support previous findings indicating that individual GalNAc-T isoenzymes can serve in fine-tuned regulation of distinct protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hintze
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Zilu Ye
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Adam Linstedt
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Collin Bachert
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ulla Mandel
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Eric P Bennett
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
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35
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Nygaard MB, Herlihy AS, Jeanneau C, Nielsen JE, Bennett EP, Jørgensen N, Clausen H, Mandel U, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Almstrup K. Expression of the O-Glycosylation Enzyme GalNAc-T3 in the Equatorial Segment Correlates with the Quality of Spermatozoa. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2949. [PMID: 30262754 PMCID: PMC6212898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We question whether the expression of GalNAc-T3, the only known O-GalNAc-transferase present in germ cells, is correlated with qualitative and functional parameters of spermatozoa. We investigated the expression of GalNAc-T3 in ejaculated spermatozoa with immunocytochemistry in swim-up purified and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa from quality-control semen donors and in semen samples from 206 randomly selected men representing a broad spectrum of semen quality. Using donor ejaculates and immunofluorescence detection we found that expression of GalNAc-T3 and the presence of the immature O-glycans Tn and T localized to the equatorial segment of spermatozoa. The proportion of GalNAc-T3-positive spermatozoa in the ejaculate increased after swim-up and appeared unaffected by induction of acrosomal exocytosis. The fraction of spermatozoa with equatorial expression of GalNAc-T3 correlated with classical semen parameters (concentration p = 9 × 10-6, morphology p = 7 × 10-8, and motility p = 1.8 × 10-5) and was significantly lower in men with oligoteratoasthenozoospermia (p = 0.0048). In conclusion, GalNAc-T3 was highly expressed by motile spermatozoa and the expression correlated positively with the classical semen parameters. Therefore, GalNAc-T3 expression seems related to the quality of the spermatozoa, and we propose that reduced expression of GalNAc-T3 may lead to impaired O-glycosylation of proteins and thereby abnormal maturation and reduced functionality of the spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Nygaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- The Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Amy S Herlihy
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Jeanneau
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - John E Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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36
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de las Rivas M, Paul Daniel EJ, Coelho H, Lira-Navarrete E, Raich L, Compañón I, Diniz A, Lagartera L, Jiménez-Barbero J, Clausen H, Rovira C, Marcelo F, Corzana F, Gerken TA, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Catalytic-Domain-Mediated Short-Range Glycosylation Preferences of GalNAc-T4. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1274-1290. [PMID: 30276263 PMCID: PMC6161044 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) which are type-II transmembrane proteins that contain Golgi luminal catalytic and lectin domains that are connected by a flexible linker. Several GalNAc-Ts, including GalNAc-T4, show both long-range and short-range prior glycosylation specificity, governed by their lectin and catalytic domains, respectively. While the mechanism of the lectin-domain-dependent glycosylation is well-known, the molecular basis for the catalytic-domain-dependent glycosylation of glycopeptides is unclear. Herein, we report the crystal structure of GalNAc-T4 bound to the diglycopeptide GAT*GAGAGAGT*TPGPG (containing two α-GalNAc glycosylated Thr (T*), the PXP motif and a "naked" Thr acceptor site) that describes its catalytic domain glycopeptide GalNAc binding site. Kinetic studies of wild-type and GalNAc binding site mutant enzymes show the lectin domain GalNAc binding activity dominates over the catalytic domain GalNAc binding activity and that these activities can be independently eliminated. Surprisingly, a flexible loop protruding from the lectin domain was found essential for the optimal activity of the catalytic domain. This work provides the first structural basis for the short-range glycosylation preferences of a GalNAc-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde de las Rivas
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit,
Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Earnest James Paul Daniel
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
- CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science
& Technology, University of the Basque
Country, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Lluis Raich
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (secció
de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja,
Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science
& Technology, University of the Basque
Country, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (secció
de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química
Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências
e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2825-149, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja,
Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Thomas A. Gerken
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Pediatrics and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit,
Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- E-mail:
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