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Zhang XJ, Chen KL, Li XY, Yuan QQ, Lin CP, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Modification of carbonyl reductase based on substrate pocket loop regions alteration: an application for synthesis of duloxetine chiral intermediate in high efficiency. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2025; 48:927-937. [PMID: 40299030 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-025-03152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Duloxetine, a prominent 5-hydroxytryptamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is deployed mainly in the management of adult depression, showcasing minimal side effects, swift therapeutic onset, and a robust safety profile. Ethyl (S)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)propionate ((S)-HEES) is the crucial chiral intermediate for duloxetine production. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-HEES using carbonyl reductase as the biocatalyst has exhibited advantages including mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency and environmental friendliness. In the present study, a loop region alteration strategy was developed to screen for a carbonyl reductase for (S)-HEES synthesis and EaSDR6 from Exiguobacterium sp. s126 was identified with considerable catalytic performance and broad substrate adaptability. Site-directed mutagenesis was subsequently performed, Mut-R142A/N204A was identified with a 3.6-fold enhancement in activity relative to the wild-type EaSDR6. The mutant kcat value was 52.5 s-1, 2.9-fold compared to the wild type, and the total catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) was 24.9 mM-1 s-1, 1.9-fold higher than the wild type. The n-butyl acetate-aqueous biphasic bioreaction system was established for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-HEES with the conversion of ethyl 3-oxo-3-(2-thienyl)propionate (KEES) of 90.2%, the product e.e. of > 99% after 8 h reaction at a substrate concentration of 200 g/L. The spatiotemporal yield reached 22.5 g/(L·h), which was higher than the ever reports about (S)-HEES biosynthesis. The present research provides new knowledge and technology for the construction of stereoselective carbonyl reductase and the green biosynthesis of chiral alcohol pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kai-Li Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi-Qi Yuan
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chao-Ping Lin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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2
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Pfeiffer M, Guld F, Nidetzky B. N- to C-Glycoside Rearrangement of Uridine 5'-Phosphate in Two Enzymatic Steps for the Production of Pseudouridine 5'-Phosphate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2025. [PMID: 40433818 DOI: 10.1002/bit.29037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2025] [Revised: 05/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an essential building block of synthetic RNA for medical applications, so methods for its efficient production receive increased interest. Reverse reaction of the Ψ-5'-phosphate (ΨMP) C-glycosidase, that is, d-ribose 5-phosphate (Rib5P) + uracil (Ura) → ΨMP + H2O, allows for the installment of the core β-C-riboside structure of Ψ in a completely selective and efficiently equilibrium-driven single-step transformation. However, providing the Rib5P substrate is challenging for process development and optimum solutions can vary depending on the specific production tasks considered. Here, we exploited the less known activity of purine/pyrimidine nucleotide 5'-phosphate nucleosidase (PpnN; EC 3.2.2.10) to cleave uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP), a relatively expedient starting material for ΨMP synthesis, under release of Rib5P and Ura. Using linear cascade transformation in two enzymatic steps performed in one pot, we demonstrate rearrangement of UMP into ΨMP (yield: ≥ 95%) and thereby obtain the C-riboside product at the solubility limit (∼1.5 mol/L) in a productivity of 2.9 × 102 g/L/h. We show that a previously reported R341A-Y347A double variant of Escherichia coli PpnN (RY) exhibited ∼5-fold higher specific activity toward UMP, and was ∼12-fold less sensitive to Rib5P inhibition, than the wild-type enzyme. Under conditions of C-glycosidase applied in twofold excess over PpnN to minimize the effect of Rib5P inhibition, cascade reaction with RY compared to wild-type PpnN still gave ∼5-fold enhanced productivity. In summary, we present a new synthetic route to ΨMP via N- to C-glycoside rearrangement of UMP. Compared to earlier approaches of cascade biocatalysis for ΨMP production from uridine or UMP, this new route is streamlined due to the direct release of Rib5P from the UMP substrate catalyzed by PpnN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Franziska Guld
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria
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Zhao Z, Yan W, Zheng W, Guo L, Yu R, Chen M, Zheng H. Heteroatom Introduction and Electrochemical Reconstruction on Heterostructured Co-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogenation of Quinolines. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2412626. [PMID: 40079113 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of quinoline provides an eco-friendly and prospective route to achieve the highly value-added generation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ). Co element has been proven to be the efficient catalytic site for ECH of quinoline, but the rational regulation of the electronic structure of active Co site to improve the activity is still a challenge. Herein, the hierarchical core-shell structure consisting of NiCo-MOF nanosheets encapsulated Cu(OH)2 nanorods (Cu(OH)2@CoNi-MOF) is constructed. The heterojunction promotes the transfer of interfacial charge and optimizes the electronic structure of the Co site. The introduction of Ni significantly increases the binding between Co and Cu, preventing the exfoliation of Co sites from Cu(OH)2 core, and reducing the reaction energy barrier of rate-determining step, thus resulting in superior reactivity and durability. Besides, electrochemical reconstruction further modulates the electronic structure of Co by forming the multi-metallic compound with a low valence state (NiCoCu), achieving an optimal performance with a conversion of 99.5% and THQ selectivity of 100%. A flow-cell system is assembled, demonstrating the prospect for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefei Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Moganshan Institute of ZJUT at Deqing, Huzhou, 313200, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Key Laboratory of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Moganshan Institute of ZJUT at Deqing, Huzhou, 313200, P. R. China
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4
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Wang Y, Chen P, Yang X, Wang F. Synthesis of chiral alcohol (S)-CHBE by co-immobilization of double enzymes based on organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 297:139645. [PMID: 39826750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The chiral alcohols (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-butyric acid ethyl ester ((S)-CHBE) is a critical intermediate in the synthesis of various active pharmaceutical ingredients. This study presents the first investigation of the efficient production of (S)-CHBE using organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (GDH-CR@HNFs) for the co-immobilization of glucose dehydrogenase (BsGDH) and carbonyl reductase (BsCR). By optimizing immobilization conditions, we significantly enhanced the catalytic activity and immobilization efficiency of the hybrid nanoflowers. The GDH-CR@HNFs exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to the free dual enzyme system, demonstrating a higher affinity for the substrate COBE (47-fold lower Km value), increased maximum reaction rate (Vmax), and improved catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km). Additionally, the GDH-CR@HNFs displayed enhanced temperature adaptability, pH stability, and storage stability. The GDH-CR@HNFs retained over 60 % of their initial catalytic activity after 8 cycles of reuse. The hydrophobic nature of the substrate COBE can lead to substrate inhibition of the free enzyme. However, GDH-CR@HNFs exhibited excellent substrate tolerance, maintaining a high conversion rate (65 %) even at a substrate concentration of 200 mM, significantly outperforming the free enzyme system (13.8 % conversion rate). The hybrid nanoflower co-immobilization strategy offers a novel approach to addressing substrate and product inhibition issues in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, paving the way for the industrial production scale of (S)-CHBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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5
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Ekiz Dinçman G, Aytaç Z, Çalış İ. Turkish Astragalus Species: Botanical Aspects, Secondary Metabolites, and Biotransformation. PLANTA MEDICA 2025; 91:40-61. [PMID: 39536945 DOI: 10.1055/a-2444-3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus is a widespread genus comprising approximately 3500 species, both annual and perennial, found across Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. In Turkey, it is represented by 63 sections and 485 taxa with a high endemism ratio (51%). In traditional medicine, the roots of various Astragalus species represent very old and well-known drugs used for antiperspirant, diuretic, and tonic purposes, as well as for the treatment of nephritis, diabetes, leukemia, and uterine cancer. The genus Astragalus is the richest source of cycloartane-type compounds, which display a diverse range of bioactivities, such as wound healing, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activities. Moreover, cycloastragenol, the main sapogenol of many cycloartane-type glycosides found in the Astragalus genus, has gained attention as a potent telomerase activator over the past decade. The preparation of cycloastragenol derivatives could be significant in the near future due to their unique bioactivity. This review covers the botanical aspects of Astragalus L., as well as the phytochemical and biological activity studies conducted on Turkish Astragalus species, with a special focus on cycloartenols. It contains 36 articles reporting the phytochemistry of 29 Astragalus species and 111 new compounds, including 104 triterpene saponins. In addition to the phytochemical studies, this review summarizes the biotransformation studies on Astragalus cycloartanes via endophytic fungi isolated from the tissues of Astragalus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güner Ekiz Dinçman
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), TRNC, Mersin-10, Turkey
| | - Zeki Aytaç
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İhsan Çalış
- Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), TRNC, Mersin-10, Turkey
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6
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Bernard A, Rossignol T, Park YK. Biotechnological approaches for producing natural pigments in yeasts. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1644-1662. [PMID: 39019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Pigments are widely used in the food, cosmetic, textile, pharmaceutical, and materials industries. Demand for natural pigments has been increasing due to concerns regarding potential health problems and environmental pollution from synthetic pigments. Microbial production of natural pigments is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis or extraction from natural sources. Here, we discuss yeasts as promising chassis for producing natural pigments with their advantageous traits such as genetic amenability, safety, rapid growth, metabolic diversity, and tolerance. Metabolic engineering strategies and optimizing strategies in downstream process to enhance production of natural pigments are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss the challenges, including expanding the range of natural pigments and improving their feasibility of industrial scale-up, as well as the potential strategies for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Young-Kyoung Park
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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7
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Frohnmeyer H, Kodra N, Elling L. Advanced enzymatic multigram-scale production of nucleotide sugars in a continuous fed-batch membrane reactor. J Biotechnol 2024; 395:1-11. [PMID: 39241966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic production of nucleotide sugars on a multigram scale presents a challenge, as only a few processes have been reported for large-scale nucleotide sugar production. They rely primarily on batch synthesis and employ exceptional amounts of enzymes. This study introduces a novel approach for the multigram-scale production of nucleotide sugars with a continuous fed-batch membrane reactor. We successfully synthesized five main nucleotide sugars: UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc, UDP-GlcA, GDP-Man, and CMP-Neu5Ac on a multigram scale. Efficient biocatalyst utilization results in high performance, including space-time yield (STY, g*L-1h-1), total turnover number (TTN, g product per g enzyme), and an efficient product formation rate (g/h) suitable for industrially relevant bioprocesses. The established continuous-fed batch reactor system produced up to 8.2 g CMP-Neu5Ac in three consecutive productions in less than 15 h with satisfying TTNs of 91 gProduct/gEnzyme. Continuous production of UDP-GlcA over 28 h resulted in a final product amount of 14.8 g and TTN of 493 gP/gE. This process enables the production of nucleotide sugars with stable product formation, requiring minimal technical equipment for multigram quantities of nucleotide sugars at the laboratory scale. Notably, the system exhibited robustness and flexibility, allowing its application to various enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Frohnmeyer
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology, and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Nikol Kodra
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology, and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology, and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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8
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Abellanas P, de Andrades D, Alcántara AR, de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli M, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Optimizing the activation of agarose beads with divinyl sulfone for enzyme immobilization and stabilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136812. [PMID: 39490861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The focus of the present work is to find the optimal conditions for the activation of agarose beads with divinyl sulfone (DVS). The reactivity of the vinyl sulfone groups in the support was checked by the support capacity to react with ethylamine; via elemental analysis. In addition, trypsin was used as a model enzyme to test the immobilization and stabilization capabilities of the different supports. The higher the pH, the more vinyl sulfone groups are incorporated into the support, but lower reactivity versus ethylamine is observed. Too long activation times led to similar results. A N/S ratio of 1 means that all vinyl sulfone groups were reactive, and it was always lower than tis figure. The N in the support was 50 % of the amount observed for glyoxyl supports activated with ethylenediamine, suggesting the VS polymerization may be a likely explanation for this result. The higher N/S ratio in the support (modified with ethylamine), the higher the obtained stabilization, very likely by the lower polymerization of the vinyl sulfone on the support. We propose 360 mM divinyl sulfone, at pH 11.5 and 2 h as optimal conditions to reach the highest enzyme stabilization by immobilization in this support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Abellanas
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain.
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9
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Yoshimoto S, Aoki S, Ishikawa M, Suzuki A, Hori K. Size-dependent ability of AtaA to immobilize cells in Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21039. [PMID: 39251675 PMCID: PMC11385948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells serve as efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalysts, but their stability and reusability in practical applications must often be improved through immobilization. Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 shows high adhesiveness to materials due to its large cell surface protein AtaA, which consists of 3630 amino acids (aa). Previously, we developed a method for immobilizing bacteria using AtaA. Herein, we investigated the cell immobilization ability of in-frame deletion (IFD) mutants of AtaA with different sizes in Tol 5. Mini-AtaA, which consists of 775 aa and is functional in Escherichia coli, was produced and present on the cell surface; however, mini-AtaA showed no immobilization ability in Tol 5. A cell immobilization assay was performed with cells expressing 16 IFD mutants of AtaA with different sizes, revealing that a length of at least 1417 aa was required for the sufficient immobilization of Tol 5 cells; thus, the minimum length needed to achieve the adhesive function of AtaA varies among bacterial species. The constructed mutant library of AtaA ranging from 3630 to 775 aa will allow researchers to quickly and easily explore the optimal size of AtaA, even for bacteria newly introduced to AtaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sota Aoki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Hori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan.
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10
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Chen J, Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Li M, Zhao Z, Qi Q, Xian M, Liu M, Zhao G. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Bioproduction of ( R)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid through a Three-Pronged Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39024463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
(R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid (R-3HB) is an important chiral chemical with extensive applications in the agricultural, food, and chemical industries. The synthesis of R-3HB by microbial fermentation is of interest due to its remarkable stereoselectivity and economy. However, the low production of R-3HB failed to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production. In this study, an engineered strain for the efficient biosynthesis of R-3HB was constructed through a three-pronged approach encompassing biosynthetic pathway optimization, engineering of NADPH regenerators, and central metabolism regulation. The engineered strain Q5081 produced 75.7 g/L R-3HB, with a productivity of 1.26 g/L/h and a yield of 0.34 g/g glucose in fed-batch fermentation, showing the highest reported titer and productivity of R-3HB to date. We also performed transcriptome sequencing and annotation to illustrate the mechanism underlying the enhanced R-3HB production. The systematic metabolic engineering by a three-pronged approach demonstrated the feasibility of improving the biosynthesis, and the engineered strain Q5081 has the potential for widespread applications in the industrial production of R-3HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Likun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mohan Zhao
- Qingdao No. 2 Middle School, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Meijie Li
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Vikhrankar SS, Satbhai S, Kulkarni P, Ranbhor R, Ramakrishnan V, Kodgire P. Enzymatic Routes for Chiral Amine Synthesis: Protein Engineering and Process Optimization. Biologics 2024; 18:165-179. [PMID: 38948006 PMCID: PMC11214570 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s446712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral amines are essential motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. While traditional chemical routes to chiral amines often lack stereoselectivity and require harsh conditions, biocatalytic methods using engineered enzymes can offer high efficiency and selectivity under sustainable conditions. This review discusses recent advances in protein engineering of transaminases, oxidases, and other enzymes to improve catalytic performance. Strategies such as directed evolution, immobilization, and computational redesign have expanded substrate scope and enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, process optimization guided by techno-economic assessments has been crucial for establishing viable biomanufacturing routes. Combining state-of-the-art enzyme engineering with multifaceted process development will enable scalable, economical enzymatic synthesis of diverse chiral amine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
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12
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Salama S, Mostafa HS, Husseiny S, Sebak M. Actinobacteria as Microbial Cell Factories and Biocatalysts in The Synthesis of Chiral Intermediates and Bioactive Molecules; Insights and Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301205. [PMID: 38155095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are one of the most intriguing bacterial phyla in terms of chemical diversity and bioactivities of their reported biomolecules and natural products, including various types of chiral molecules. Actinobacterial genera such as Detzia, Mycobacterium, and Streptomyces are among the microbial sources targeted for selective reactions such as asymmetric biocatalysis catalyzed by whole cells or enzymes induced in their cell niche. Remarkably, stereoselective reactions catalyzed by actinobacterial whole cells or their enzymes include stereoselective oxidation, stereoselective reduction, kinetic resolution, asymmetric hydrolysis, and selective transamination, among others. Species of actinobacteria function with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivity under benign conditions, which could help current industrial processing. Numerous selective enzymes were either isolated from actinobacteria or expressed from actinobacteria in other microbes and hence exploited in the production of pure organic compounds difficult to obtain chemically. In addition, different species of actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces species, function as natural producers of chiral molecules of therapeutic importance. Herein, we discuss some of the most outstanding contributions of actinobacteria to asymmetric biocatalysis, which are important in the organic and/or pharmaceutical industries. In addition, we highlight the role of actinobacteria as microbial cell factories for chiral natural products with insights into their various biological potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Sayed Mostafa
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62517, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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13
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Shehab WS, Elsayed DA, Abdel Hamid AM, Assy MG, Mouneir SM, Hamed EO, Mousa SM, El-Bassyouni GT. CuO nanoparticles for green synthesis of significant anti-Helicobacter pylori compounds with in silico studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1608. [PMID: 38238369 PMCID: PMC10796945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a universal health intimidation as mentioned by the World Health Organization. The primary causal agent linked to a number of illnesses, including inflammation and the development of stomach ulcers, is Helicobacter pylori. Since, H. pylori develops antibiotic resistance quickly, current H. pylori treatment approaches are becoming less effective. Our research aims to highlight novel formulation antibiotics using CuO-NPs as catalysts and studied their activity as anti-helicobacter pylori supported by computational studies (POM analysis and molecular docking) software. They were designed for anti-Helicobacter Pylori action. All compounds revealed a bactericidal effect better than the reference McFarland standards.
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Grants
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Open access funding provided by Te Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- STDF Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Te Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)., STDF
- Zagazig University
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam S Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Atef M Abdel Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Assy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman O Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Mousa
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Gehan T El-Bassyouni
- Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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14
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Ma W, Geng Q, Chen C, Zheng YC, Yu HL, Xu JH. Engineering a Formate Dehydrogenase for NADPH Regeneration. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300390. [PMID: 37455264 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) constitute major hydrogen donors for oxidative/reductive bio-transformations. NAD(P)H regeneration systems coupled with formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) represent a dreamful method. However, most of the native FDHs are NAD+ -dependent and suffer from insufficient reactivity compared to other enzymatic tools, such as glucose dehydrogenase. An efficient and competitive NADP+ -utilizing FDH necessitates the availability and robustness of NADPH regeneration systems. Herein, we report the engineering of a new FDH from Candida dubliniensis (CdFDH), which showed no strict NAD+ preference by a structure-guided rational/semi-rational design. A combinatorial mutant CdFDH-M4 (D197Q/Y198R/Q199N/A372S/K371T/▵Q375/K167R/H16L/K159R) exhibited 75-fold intensification of catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ). Moreover, CdFDH-M4 has been successfully employed in diverse asymmetric oxidative/reductive processes with cofactor total turnover numbers (TTNs) ranging from 135 to 986, making it potentially useful for NADPH-required biocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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15
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Chen Y, Jo J, Hernandez E, Wang H, Bernardoni F. Biocatalytic cascade process of islatravir: Analytical and regulatory control strategy of minor enantiomer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115536. [PMID: 37343454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Commercial process of islatravir (MK-8591, EFdA) utilizes biocatalytic cascade reactions to construct the ribose moiety of the molecule which bears three chiral centers. However, this biocatalytic process also brought analytical challenges where all stereoisomers and process related compounds are controlled in one isolated intermediate, the final drug substance. A chiral LC method was developed to resolve all those compounds from islatravir and its minor enantiomer by thorough column screening and careful optimization. Detail of designing key method validation components such as method linearity, precision and robustness is discussed, and their results were presented. The method was successfully validated to fulfill various expectation from each individual health authority including FDA, EMA, PMDA, and ANVISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Junyong Jo
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Edgar Hernandez
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Frank Bernardoni
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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16
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha-Martin J. Glutaraldehyde modification of lipases immobilized on octyl agarose beads: Roles of the support enzyme loading and chemical amination of the enzyme on the final enzyme features. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125853. [PMID: 37460068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) have been immobilized on octyl agarose at low loading and at a loading exceeding the maximum support capacity. Then, the enzymes have been treated with glutaraldehyde and inactivated at pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl, sodium phosphate and HEPES, giving different stabilities. Stabilization (depending on the buffer) of the highly loaded biocatalysts was found, very likely as a consequence of the detected intermolecular crosslinkings. This did not occur for the lowly loaded biocatalysts. Next, the enzymes were chemically aminated and then treated with glutaraldehyde. In the case of TLL, the intramolecular crosslinkings (visible by the apparent reduction of the protein size) increased enzyme stability of the lowly loaded biocatalysts, an effect that was further increased for the highly loaded biocatalysts due to intermolecular crosslinkings. Using CALB, the intramolecular crosslinkings were less intense, and the stabilization was lower, even though the intermolecular crosslinkings were quite intense for the highly loaded biocatalyst. The stabilization detected depended on the inactivation buffer. The interactions between enzyme loading and inactivating buffer on the effects of the chemical modifications suggest that the modification and inactivation studies must be performed under the target biocatalysts and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain.
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17
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Ralbovsky NM, Smith JP. Machine Learning for Prediction, Classification, and Identification of Immobilized Enzymes for Biocatalysis. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1479-1490. [PMID: 36653518 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme immobilization is a beneficial component involved in biocatalytic strategies. Understanding and evaluating the enzyme immobilization system plays an important role in the successful development and implementation of the biocatalysis route. Ensuring the implementation of a successful enzyme immobilization process is vital for realizing a highly functioning and well suited biocatalytic process within pharmaceutical development. AIM To develop a method which can accurately and objectively identify and classify differences within enzyme immobilization systems, sample preparation methods, and data collection parameters. METHODS Raman hyperspectral imaging was used to obtain a total of eight spectral data sets from enzyme immobilization samples. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify and identify the samples based on their differences. RESULTS Several two-class, four-class, and eight-class PLS-DA models were built to classify the different sample data sets. All models reached between 92-100% accuracy after cross-validation and external validation, illustrating great success of the models for identifying differences between the samples. CONCLUSION Raman hyperspectral imaging with machine learning can be used to investigate, interpret, and classify different data collection parameters, sample preparation methods, and enzyme immobilization supports, providing crucial insight into enzyme immobilization process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
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18
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Agrawal P, Wilkstein K, Guinn E, Mason M, Serrano Martinez CI, Saylae J. A Review of Tangential Flow Filtration: Process Development and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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19
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Xu L, Qin Y, Song Y, Tang A, Liu Y. Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked Rhizopus oryzae whole cells show improved catalytic performance in alkene epoxidation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36814268 PMCID: PMC9948446 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing methods for alkene epoxidation are based on lipase-catalysed perhydrolysis. However, the inactivation of the expensive lipase enzyme is problematic for enzymatic epoxidation at large scales due to the use of hydrogen peroxide and peracids at high concentrations in the reaction. The immobilisation of whole cells appears to be a promising approach to alleviate this problem. RESULTS A green oxidation system containing hydrogen peroxide, Na3C6H5O7, an acyl donor, and glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked cells of Rhizopus oryzae was developed for the epoxidation of alkenes. GA-crosslinked cells of Rhizopus oryzae were adopted as a biocatalyst into the epoxidation system. A variety of alkenes were oxidised with this system, with a 56-95% analytical yield of the corresponding epoxides. The catalytic performance of the crosslinked treated cells was substantially improved compared to that of the untreated cells and the initial reaction rate increased from 126.71 to 234.72 mmol/L/h, retaining 83% yields even after four batches of reactions. The addition of 3.5 mmol Na3C6H5O7 not only acts as an acid-trapping reagent to eliminate the negative effect of the carboxylic acid on the alkene oxide but also forms a saturated salt solution with the aqueous phase, affecting the concentration of H2O2 in the three phases and thus the epoxidation reaction. Organic solvents with a logP value > 0.68 were good at producing hydroxy peracids; however, this method is only suitable for oxidation in a two-liquid phase. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other lipase biocatalysts, the GA-crosslinked whole-cell biocatalyst is inexpensive, readily available, and highly stable. Therefore, it can be considered promising for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yimin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Aixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Youyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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20
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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on bio-mimicked multimolecular frameworks and supramolecules as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:352-398. [PMID: 36349456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization depicts a propitious route to optimize the catalytic performances, efficient recovery, minimizing autocatalysis, and also augment the stabilities of enzymes, particularly in unnatural environments. In this opinion, supramolecules and multimolecular frameworks have captivated immense attention to achieve profound controllable interactions between enzyme molecules and well-defined natural or synthetic architectures to yield protein bioconjugates with high accessibility for substrate binding and enhanced enantioselectivities. This scholastic review emphasizes the possibilities of associating multimolecular complexes with biological entities via several types of interactions, namely covalent interactions, host-guest complexation, π - π ${\rm{\pi }}-{\rm{\pi }}$ interactions, intra/inter hydrogen bondings, electrostatic interactions, and so forth offers remarkable applications for the modulations of enzymes. The potential synergies between artificial supramolecular structures and biological systems are the primary concern of this pedagogical review. The majority of the research primarily focused on the dynamic biomolecule-responsive supramolecular assemblages and multimolecular architectures as ideal platforms for the recognition and modulation of proteins and cells. Embracing sustainable green demeanors of enzyme immobilizations in a quest to reinforce site-selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and structural integrality of enzymes are the contemporary requirements of the biotechnological sectors that instigate the development of novel biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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21
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Yoshimoto S, Aoki S, Ohara Y, Ishikawa M, Suzuki A, Linke D, Lupas AN, Hori K. Identification of the adhesive domain of AtaA from Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 and its application in immobilizing Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1095057. [PMID: 36698637 PMCID: PMC9868564 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1095057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell immobilization is an important technique for efficiently utilizing whole-cell biocatalysts. We previously invented a method for bacterial cell immobilization using AtaA, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin from the highly sticky bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5. However, except for Acinetobacter species, only one bacterium has been successfully immobilized using AtaA. This is probably because the heterologous expression of large AtaA (1 MDa), that is a homotrimer of polypeptide chains composed of 3,630 amino acids, is difficult. In this study, we identified the adhesive domain of AtaA and constructed a miniaturized AtaA (mini-AtaA) to improve the heterologous expression of ataA. In-frame deletion mutants were used to perform functional mapping, revealing that the N-terminal head domain is essential for the adhesive feature of AtaA. The mini-AtaA, which contains a homotrimer of polypeptide chains from 775 amino acids and lacks the unnecessary part for its adhesion, was properly expressed in E. coli, and a larger amount of molecules was displayed on the cell surface than that of full-length AtaA (FL-AtaA). The immobilization ratio of E. coli cells expressing mini-AtaA on a polyurethane foam support was significantly higher compared to the cells with or without FL-AtaA expression, respectively. The expression of mini-AtaA in E. coli had little effect on the cell growth and the activity of another enzyme reflecting the production level, and the immobilized E. coli cells could be used for repetitive enzymatic reactions as a whole-cell catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sota Aoki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei N. Lupas
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katsutoshi Hori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Katsutoshi Hori,
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22
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Enzyme cascades for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars: Updates to recent production strategies. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108727. [PMID: 36521208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars play an elementary role in nature as building blocks of glycans, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. As substrates of Leloir-glycosyltransferases, nucleotide sugars are essential for chemoenzymatic in vitro syntheses. However, high costs and the limited availability of nucleotide sugars prevent applications of biocatalytic cascades on a large industrial scale. Therefore, the focus is increasingly on nucleotide sugar synthesis strategies to make significant application processes feasible. The chemical synthesis of nucleotide sugars and their derivatives is well established, but the yields of these processes are usually low. Enzyme catalysis offers a suitable alternative here, and in the last 30 years, many synthesis routes for nucleotide sugars have been discovered and used for production. However, many of the published procedures shy away from assessing the practicability of their processes. With this review, we give an insight into the development of the (chemo)enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis pathways of the last years and present an assessment of critical process parameters such as total turnover number (TTN), space-time yield (STY), and enzyme loading.
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23
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Rodrigues CJC, de Carvalho CCCR. Marine Bioprospecting, Biocatalysis and Process Development. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1965. [PMID: 36296241 PMCID: PMC9610463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceans possess tremendous diversity in microbial life. The enzymatic machinery that marine bacteria present is the result of extensive evolution to assist cell survival under the harsh and continuously changing conditions found in the marine environment. Several bacterial cells and enzymes are already used at an industrial scale, but novel biocatalysts are still needed for sustainable industrial applications, with benefits for both public health and the environment. Metagenomic techniques have enabled the discovery of novel biocatalysts, biosynthetic pathways, and microbial identification without their cultivation. However, a key stage for application of novel biocatalysts is the need for rapid evaluation of the feasibility of the bioprocess. Cultivation of not-yet-cultured bacteria is challenging and requires new methodologies to enable growth of the bacteria present in collected environmental samples, but, once a bacterium is isolated, its enzyme activities are easily measured. High-throughput screening techniques have also been used successfully, and innovative in vitro screening platforms to rapidly identify relevant enzymatic activities continue to improve. Small-scale approaches and process integration could improve the study and development of new bioprocesses to produce commercially interesting products. In this work, the latest studies related to (i) the growth of marine bacteria under laboratorial conditions, (ii) screening techniques for bioprospecting, and (iii) bioprocess development using microreactors and miniaturized systems are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Efficient bioreduction of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 biocatalyst using a distance-based design-focused optimization model. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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Zhao F, Lauder K, Liu S, Finnigan JD, Charnock SBR, Charnock SJ, Castagnolo D. Chemoenzymatic Cascades for the Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfides Bearing a Stereocentre at the C-O or C-S Bond by Ketoreductases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202363. [PMID: 35576553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chiral β-hydroxysulfides are an important class of organic compounds which find broad application in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein we describe the development of novel biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic methods for the enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides by exploiting ketoreductase (KRED) enzymes. Four KREDs were discovered from a pool of 384 enzymes identified and isolated through a metagenomic approach. KRED311 and KRED349 catalysed the synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides bearing a stereocentre at the C-O bond with opposite absolute configurations and excellent ee values by novel chemoenzymatic and biocatalytic-chemical-biocatalytic (bio-chem-bio) cascades starting from commercially available thiophenols/thiols and α-haloketones/alcohols. KRED253 and KRED384 catalysed the enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxysulfides bearing a stereocentre at the C-S bond with opposite enantioselectivities by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic α-thioaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kate Lauder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - James D Finnigan
- Prozomix Limited, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland, NE49 9HA, UK
| | - Simon B R Charnock
- Prozomix Limited, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland, NE49 9HA, UK
| | - Simon J Charnock
- Prozomix Limited, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland, NE49 9HA, UK
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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26
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TiO2 nanoparticle as catalyst for an efficient green one-pot synthesis of 1H-3-Indolyl Derivatives as significant antiviral activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Guimarães JR, Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Tardioli PW, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of immobilized lipases by treatment with metallic phosphate salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Yang J, Buekenhoudt A, Dael MV, Luis P, Satyawali Y, Malina R, Lizin S. A Techno-economic Assessment of a Biocatalytic Chiral Amine Production Process Integrated with In Situ Membrane Extraction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Anita Buekenhoudt
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Miet Van Dael
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Place Sainte Barbe, 2 bte L5.02.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yamini Satyawali
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert Malina
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastien Lizin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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He P, Li H, Sun J, Zhang X, Gong J, Shi J, Xu Z. Identification of a fungal cytochrome P450 with steroid two-step ordered selective hydroxylation characteristics in Colletotrichum lini. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106096. [PMID: 35301115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial hydroxylation reaction has greatly enriched the number of steroids and created many meaningful new compounds. The dihydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) by filamentous fungi produces an important product 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one (7α,15α-diOH-DHEA), which can be used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of contraceptive drospirenone. The introduction of microbial hydroxylation reaction reduces the traditional chemical synthesis process by 4 steps and greatly improves the productivity and economic efficiency. Colletotrichum lini is an industrial strain producing 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA, but the related cytochrome P450 that plays hydroxylation effect has not yet been discovered. In this work, a combination of quantitative proteomics, qRT-PCR, and functional expression in Pichia pastoris was used to identify highly induced steroid hydroxylase from Colletotrichum lini ST-1. A novel fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP68JX was identified. The biotransformation in recombinant yeast confirmed that the cytochrome P450 has steroid C7α and C15α hydroxylase activities. The hydroxylation of DHEA by CYP68JX is an ordered reaction, proceeding from the C7 to the C15 site of the steroidal nucleus. The cloning and identification of the CYP68JX gene provide useful information for deepening the understanding regarding the structural basis of its regional and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinsong Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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30
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Zhao F, Lauder K, Liu S, Finnigan JD, Charnock SBR, Charnock SJ, Castagnolo D. Chemoenzymatic Cascades for the Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxysulfides Bearing a Stereocentre at C− O or C − S Bonds by Ketoreductases (KREDs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- University College London Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kate Lauder
- King's College London Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Siyu Liu
- King's College London Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Daniele Castagnolo
- University College London Chemistry 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UNITED KINGDOM
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31
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Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Design of Artificial Enzymes Bearing Several Active Centers: New Trends, Opportunities and Problems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5304. [PMID: 35628115 PMCID: PMC9141793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing enzymes which possess several catalytic activities is a topic where intense research has been carried out, mainly coupled with the development of cascade reactions. This review tries to cover the different possibilities to reach this goal: enzymes with promiscuous activities, fusion enzymes, enzymes + metal catalysts (including metal nanoparticles or site-directed attached organometallic catalyst), enzymes bearing non-canonical amino acids + metal catalysts, design of enzymes bearing a second biological but artificial active center (plurizymes) by coupling enzyme modelling and directed mutagenesis and plurizymes that have been site directed modified in both or in just one active center with an irreversible inhibitor attached to an organometallic catalyst. Some examples of cascade reactions catalyzed by the enzymes bearing several catalytic activities are also described. Finally, some foreseen problems of the use of these multi-activity enzymes are described (mainly related to the balance of the catalytic activities, necessary in many instances, or the different operational stabilities of the different catalytic activities). The design of new multi-activity enzymes (e.g., plurizymes or modified plurizymes) seems to be a topic with unarguable interest, as this may link biological and non-biological activities to establish new combo-catalysis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (R.M.-S.)
- Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (R.M.-S.)
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Gunsch MJ, Schwalm EL, Ouimet CM, Halsey HM, Hamilton SE, Bernardoni F, Jo J. Development and validation of ion-pairing HPLC-CAD chromatography for measurement of Islatravir’s phosphorylated intermediates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Wang R, Zhang J, Luo Z, Xie T, Xiao Q, Pei X, Wang A. Controllably crosslinked dual enzymes enabled by genetic-encoded non-standard amino acid for efficiently enantioselective hydrogenation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:682-691. [PMID: 35247424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In traditional method for preparing crosslinked enzymes aggregates using glutaraldehyde, random linkage is inevitable, which often destroys the enzyme active sites and severely decreases the activity. To address this issue, using genetic encode expanding, nonstandard amino acids (NSAAs) were inserted into enzyme proteins at the preselected sites for crosslinking. When aldehyde ketone reductase (AKR), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were utilized as model enzymes, their mutants containing p-azido-L-phenylalanine were bio-orthogonally crosslinked with diyne to form crosslinked dual enzymes (CLDEs) acting as a cascade biological oxidation and reduction system. Then, the resultant self-purified CLDEs were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), etc. In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethanol using CLDEs, high product yield (76.08%), ee value (99.99%) and reuse stability were achieved. The yield and ee value were 12.05 times and 1.39 times higher than those using traditional crosslinked enzyme aggregates, respectively. Thus, controllable insertion NSAAs in number and location can engender reasonable linkage and metal-free self-purification for target enzyme proteins. This facile and sustainable method could be further expanded to other dual and multienzyme systems for cascade biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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34
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Nutrient Sensing and Biofilm Modulation: The Example of L-arginine in Pseudomonas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084386. [PMID: 35457206 PMCID: PMC9028604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm represents a multicellular community embedded within an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. This lifestyle confers to bacterial cells protection against hostile environments, such as antibiotic treatment and host immune response in case of infections. The Pseudomonas genus is characterised by species producing strong biofilms difficult to be eradicated and by an extraordinary metabolic versatility which may support energy and carbon/nitrogen assimilation under multiple environmental conditions. Nutrient availability can be perceived by a Pseudomonas biofilm which, in turn, readapts its metabolism to finally tune its own formation and dispersion. A growing number of papers is now focusing on the mechanism of nutrient perception as a possible strategy to weaken the biofilm barrier by environmental cues. One of the most important nutrients is amino acid L-arginine, a crucial metabolite sustaining bacterial growth both as a carbon and a nitrogen source. Under low-oxygen conditions, L-arginine may also serve for ATP production, thus allowing bacteria to survive in anaerobic environments. L-arginine has been associated with biofilms, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. L-arginine is also a key precursor of regulatory molecules such as polyamines, whose involvement in biofilm homeostasis is reported. Given the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of biofilm control, the state of the art on the effects mediated by the L-arginine nutrient on biofilm modulation is presented, with a special focus on the Pseudomonas biofilm. Possible biotechnological and biomedical applications are also discussed.
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35
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Taguchi design-assisted co-immobilization of lipase A and B from Candida antarctica onto chitosan: Characterization, kinetic resolution application, and docking studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Newly designed flow reactor as an original method of synthesis of ionic liquids by ion-exchange reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Lopez-Carrobles N, Gonçalves LRB, Lopez-Gallego F, Rodrigues S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Enzyme-support interactions and inactivation conditions determine Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase inactivation pathways: Functional and florescence studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:79-91. [PMID: 34537296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been covalently immobilized on heterofunctional octyl-vinyl agarose. That way, the covalently immobilized enzymes will have identical orientation. Then, it has blocked using hexyl amine (HEX), ethylenediamine (EDA), Gly and Asp. The initial activity/stability of the different biocatalysts was very different, being the most stable the biocatalyst blocked with Gly. These biocatalysts had been utilized to analyze if the enzyme activity could decrease differently along thermal inactivation courses depending on the utilized substrate (that is, if the enzyme specificity was altered during its inactivation using 4 different substrates to determine the activity), and if this can be altered by the nature of the blocking agent and the inactivation conditions (we use pH 5, 7 and 9). Results show great changes in the enzyme specificity during inactivation (e.g., activity versus triacetin was much more quickly lost than versus the other substrates), and how this was modulated by the immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. The difference in the changes induced by immobilization and inactivation were confirmed by fluorescence studies. That is, the functional and structural analysis of partially inactivated immobilized enzyme showed that their inactivation pathway is strongly depended on the support features and inactivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M Paiva Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Juma WP, Nyoni D, Brady D, Bode ML. The Application of Biocatalysis in the Preparation and Resolution of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts and Their Derivatives. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100527. [PMID: 34822736 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction affords highly functionalised allylic alcohols containing a new stereogenic centre. These MBH adducts are very versatile and have been transformed into a large range of products, some of which have medicinal potential. Several examples of asymmetric syntheses of MBH adducts have been reported, although a generally applicable method remains to be developed. Biocatalytic approaches for the synthesis and enzymatic kinetic resolution of MBH adducts have been reported, and are discussed in detail in this review. Enzymes able to catalyse the asymmetric MBH reaction have been identified, but selectivity and efficiency have generally been low. Lipases, esterases and nitrile-converting enzymes have all been successfully applied in the resolution of MBH adducts, with excellent selectivity being realised in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyama Peter Juma
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dubekile Nyoni
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of enzymes via immobilization: Multipoint covalent attachment and other stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107821. [PMID: 34455028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes in industrial processes requires the improvement of their features in many instances. Enzyme immobilization, a requirement to facilitate the recovery and reuse of these water-soluble catalysts, is one of the tools that researchers may utilize to improve many of their properties. This review is focused on how enzyme immobilization may improve enzyme stability. Starting from the stabilization effects that an enzyme may experience by the mere fact of being inside a solid particle, we detail other possibilities to stabilize enzymes: generation of favorable enzyme environments, prevention of enzyme subunit dissociation in multimeric enzymes, generation of more stable enzyme conformations, or enzyme rigidification via multipoint covalent attachment. In this last point, we will discuss the features of an "ideal" immobilization protocol to maximize the intensity of the enzyme-support interactions. The most interesting active groups in the support (glutaraldehyde, epoxide, glyoxyl and vinyl sulfone) will be also presented, discussing their main properties and uses. Some instances in which the number of enzyme-support bonds is not directly related to a higher stabilization will be also presented. Finally, the possibility of coupling site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification to get a more intense multipoint covalent immobilization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Jones K, Snodgrass HM, Belsare K, Dickinson BC, Lewis JC. Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution and Selection of Enzymes for Chemical Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1581-1590. [PMID: 34584960 PMCID: PMC8461764 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent biosensors are valuable tools for coupling the intracellular concentrations of small molecules to easily detectable readouts such as absorbance, fluorescence, or cell growth. While ligand-dependent biosensors are widely used for monitoring the production of small molecules in engineered cells and for controlling or optimizing biosynthetic pathways, their application to directed evolution for biocatalysts remains underexplored. As a consequence, emerging continuous evolution technologies are rarely applied to biocatalyst evolution. Here, we develop a panel of ligand-dependent biosensors that can detect a range of small molecules. We demonstrate that these biosensors can link enzymatic activity to the production of an essential phage protein to enable biocatalyst-dependent phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) and phage-assisted continuous selection (PACS). By combining these phage-based evolution and library selection technologies, we demonstrate that we can evolve enzyme variants with improved and expanded catalytic properties. Finally, we show that the genetic diversity resulting from a highly mutated PACS library is enriched for active enzyme variants with altered substrate scope. These results lay the foundation for using phage-based continuous evolution and selection technologies to engineer biocatalysts with novel substrate scope and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten
A. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Harrison M. Snodgrass
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Ketaki Belsare
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
- E-mail:
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Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Dimethyl and Dibutyl 1-Butyryloxy-1-carboxymethylphosphonates. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is the enantioselective synthesis of carboxyhydroxyphosphonates by lipase-catalyzed reactions. For this purpose, racemic dimethyl and dibutyl 1-butyryloxy-1-carboxymethylphosphonates were synthesized and hydrolyzed, using a wide spectrum of commercially available lipases from different sources (e.g., fungi and bacteria). The best hydrolysis results of dimethyl 1-butyryloxy-1-carboxymethylphosphonate were obtained with the use of lipases from Candida rugosa, Candida antarctica, and Aspergillus niger, leading to optically active dimethyl 1-carboxy-1-hydroxymethylphosphonate (58%–98% enantiomeric excess) with high enantiomeric ratio (reaching up to 126). However, in the case of hydrolysis of dibutyl 1-butyryloxy-1-carboxymethylphosphonate, the best results were obtained by lipases from Burkholderia cepacia and Termomyces lanuginosus, leading to optically active dibutyl 1-carboxy-1-hydroxymethylphosphonate (66%–68% enantiomeric excess) with moderate enantiomeric ratio (reaching up to 8.6). The absolute configuration of the products after biotransformation was also determined. In most cases, lipases hydrolyzed (R) enantiomers of both compounds.
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Kamli MR, Tavano O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of papain: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:94-113. [PMID: 34375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine protease from papaya, with many applications due to its broad specificity. This paper reviews for first time the immobilization of papain on different supports (organic, inorganic or hybrid supports) presenting some of the features of the utilized immobilization strategies (e.g., epoxide, glutaraldehyde, genipin, glyoxyl for covalent immobilization). Special focus is placed on the preparation of magnetic biocatalysts, which will permit the simple recovery of the biocatalyst even if the medium is a suspension. Problems specific to the immobilization of proteases (e.g., steric problems when hydrolyzing large proteins) are also defined. The benefits of a proper immobilization (enzyme stabilization, widening of the operation window) are discussed, together with some artifacts that may suggest an enzyme stabilization that may be unrelated to enzyme rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Halomonas as a chassis. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:393-403. [PMID: 33885142 PMCID: PMC8314019 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of systems and synthetic biology, the non-model bacteria, Halomonas spp., have been developed recently to become a cost-competitive platform for producing a variety of products including polyesters, chemicals and proteins owing to their contamination resistance and ability of high cell density growth at alkaline pH and high salt concentration. These salt-loving microbes can partially solve the challenges of current industrial biotechnology (CIB) which requires high energy-consuming sterilization to prevent contamination as CIB is based on traditional chassis, typically, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The advantages and current status of Halomonas spp. including their molecular biology and metabolic engineering approaches as well as their applications are reviewed here. Moreover, a systematic strain engineering streamline, including product-based host development, genetic parts mining, static and dynamic optimization of modularized pathways and bioprocess-inspired cell engineering are summarized. All of these developments result in the term called next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB). Increasing efforts are made to develop their versatile cell factories powered by synthetic biology to demonstrate a new biomanufacturing strategy under open and continuous processes with significant cost-reduction on process complexity, energy, substrates and fresh water consumption.
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44
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology: State of the Art and Challenges towards Highly Sustainable Biocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2682-2688. [PMID: 33882180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global awareness of the importance of developing environmentally friendlier and more sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds has led to the design of novel synthetic strategies, involving bio- and organocatalysis as well as the application of novel efficient and ground-breaking technologies such as present-day solvent-free mechanochemistry. In this regard, the evaluation of biocatalytic protocols mediated by the combination of mechanical activation and enzymatic catalysis has recently attracted the attention of the chemical community. Such mechanoenzymatic strategy represents an innovative and promising "green" approach in chemical synthesis that poses nevertheless new paradigms regarding the relative resilience of biomolecules to the mechanochemical stress and to the apparent high energy, at least in so-called hot-spots, during the milling process. Herein, relevant comments on the conceptualization of such mechanoenzymatic approach as a sustainable option in chemical synthesis, recent progress in the area, and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Venegas
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Chemistry Department Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis González Obregón # 23, Centro Histórico, 06020, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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45
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Rather IA, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Bioactive peptides from fisheries residues: A review of use of papain in proteolysis reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:415-428. [PMID: 34157329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine endopeptidase of vegetal origin (papaya (Carica papaya L.) with diverse applications in food technology. In this review we have focused our attention on its application in the production of bio-peptides by hydrolysis of proteins from fish residues. This way, a residual material, that can become a contaminant if dumped without control, is converted into highly interesting products. The main bioactivity of the produced peptides is their antioxidant activity, followed by their nutritional and functional activities, but peptides with many other bioactivities have been produced. Thera are also examples of production of hydrolysates with several bioactivities. The enzyme may be used alone, or in combination with other enzymes to increase the degree of hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Irfan A Rather
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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46
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Shang YT, Qin J, Gong JS, Wang ZK, Li H, Li H, Shi JS, Xu ZH. High-throughput screening of a nicotinate dehydrogenase producing Pseudomonas putida mutant for efficient biosynthesis of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Çolak NS, Kalay E, Şahin E. Asymmetric reduction of prochiral aromatic and hetero aromatic ketones using whole-cell of Lactobacillus senmaizukei biocatalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1931337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sezin Çolak
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Erbay Kalay
- Kars Vocational School, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Engin Şahin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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48
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Biotransformation of Flavonoids by Newly Isolated and Characterized Lactobacillus pentosus NGI01 Strain from Kimchi. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051075. [PMID: 34067804 PMCID: PMC8157076 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms. This study aimed to identify novel LAB strains that can transform flavonoids into aglycones to improve bioavailability. We isolated 34 LAB strains from kimchi. The biotransformation activity of these 34 LAB strains was investigated based on α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities. Among them, 10 LAB strains with high activities were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. All tested LAB strains converted hesperidin to hesperetin (12.5–30.3%). Of these, only the Lactobacillus pentosus NGI01 strain produced quercetin from rutin (3.9%). The optimal biotransformation conditions for the L. pentosus NGI01 producing hesperetin and quercetin were investigated. The highest final product concentrations of hesperetin and quercetin were 207 and 78 μM, respectively. Thus, the L. pentosus NGI01 strain can be a biocatalyst for producing flavonoid aglycones in the chemical and food industries.
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49
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Sun Z, Zhao Q, Haag R, Wu C. Responsive Emulsions for Sequential Multienzyme Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8410-8414. [PMID: 33480131 PMCID: PMC8048562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multienzyme cascade biocatalysis is an efficient synthetic process, avoiding the isolation/purification of intermediates and shifting the reaction equilibrium to the product side.. However, multienzyme systems are often limited by their incompatibility and cross-reactivity. Herein, we report a multi-responsive emulsion to proceed multienzyme reactions sequentially for high reactivity. The emulsion is achieved using a CO2 , pH, and thermo-responsive block copolymer as a stabilizer, allowing the on-demand control of emulsion morphology and phase composition. Applying this system to a three-step cascade reaction enables the individual optimal condition for each enzyme, and a high overall conversion (ca. 97 % of the calculated limit) is thereby obtained. Moreover, the multi-responsiveness of the emulsion allows the facile and separate yielding/recycling of products, polymers and active enzymes. Besides, the system could be scaled up with a good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 555230OdenseDenmark
| | - Qingcai Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 555230OdenseDenmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 555230OdenseDenmark
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50
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Sun Z, Zhao Q, Haag R, Wu C. Responsive Emulsions for Sequential Multienzyme Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
| | - Qingcai Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense Denmark
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