1
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Lê T, Buscemi L, Lepore M, Mishkovsky M, Hyacinthe JN, Hirt L. Influence of DNP Polarizing Agents on Biochemical Processes: TEMPOL in Transient Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3013-3018. [PMID: 37603041 PMCID: PMC10485885 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization of 13C by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) boosts the sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), making possible the monitoring in vivo and in real time of the biochemical reactions of exogenously infused 13C-labeled metabolic tracers. The preparation of a hyperpolarized substrate requires the use of free radicals as polarizing agents. Although added at very low doses, these radicals are not biologically inert. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of the nitroxyl radical TEMPOL influences significantly the cerebral metabolic readouts of a hyperpolarized [1-13C] lactate bolus injection in a mouse model of ischemic stroke with reperfusion. Thus, the choice of the polarizing agent in the design of dDNP hyperpolarized MRS experiments is of great importance and should be taken into account to prevent or to consider significant effects that could act as confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh
Phong Lê
- Geneva
School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University
of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lara Buscemi
- Department
of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University
Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Lepore
- CIBM
Center for Biomedical Imaging, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mor Mishkovsky
- Laboratory
of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- Geneva
School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University
of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Image
Guided Intervention Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, HUG, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Hirt
- Department
of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University
Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Chaumeil M, Guglielmetti C, Qiao K, Tiret B, Ozen M, Krukowski K, Nolan A, Paladini MS, Lopez C, Rosi S. Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging detects long-lasting metabolic alterations following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3166656. [PMID: 37645937 PMCID: PMC10462249 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3166656/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Career athletes, active military, and head trauma victims are at increased risk for mild repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI), a condition that contributes to the development of epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. Standard clinical imaging fails to identify rTBI-induced lesions, and novel non-invasive methods are needed. Here, we evaluated if hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HP 13C MRSI) could detect long-lasting changes in brain metabolism 3.5 months post-injury in a rTBI mouse model. Our results show that this metabolic imaging approach can detect changes in cortical metabolism at that timepoint, whereas multimodal MR imaging did not detect any structural or contrast alterations. Using Machine Learning, we further show that HP 13C MRSI parameters can help classify rTBI vs. Sham and predict long-term rTBI-induced behavioral outcomes. Altogether, our study demonstrates the potential of metabolic imaging to improve detection, classification and outcome prediction of previously undetected rTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Qiao
- University of California, San Francisco
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3
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Zou C, Ruan Y, Li H, Wan Q, Du F, Yuan J, Qin Q, Thompson GJ, Yang X, Li Y, Liu X, Zheng H. A new deuterium-labeled compound [2,3,4,6,6'- 2 H 5 ]-D-glucose for deuterium magnetic resonance metabolic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4890. [PMID: 36477944 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium (2 H) magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging approach for noninvasively studying glucose metabolism in vivo, which is important for understanding pathogenesis and monitoring the progression of many diseases such as tumors, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the synthesis of 2 H-labeled glucose is costly because of the expensive raw substrates and the requirement for extreme reaction conditions, making the 2 H-labeled glucose rather expensive and unaffordable for clinic use. In this study, we present a new deuterated compound, [2,3,4,6,6'-2 H5 ]-D-glucose, with an approximate 10-fold reduction in production costs. The synthesis route uses cheaper raw substrate methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, relies on mild reaction conditions (80°C), and has higher deuterium labeling efficiency. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectroscopy experiments confirmed the successful deuterium labeling in the compound. Animal studies demonstrated that the substrate could describe the glycolytic metabolism in a glioma rat model by quantifying the downstream metabolites through 2 H-MRS on an ultrahigh field system. Comparison of the glucose metabolism characteristics was carried out between [2,3,4,6,6'-2 H5 ]-D-glucose and commercial [6,6'-2 H2 ]-D-glucose in the animal studies. This cost-effective compound will help facilitate the clinical translation of deuterium magnetic resonance imaging, and enable this powerful metabolic imaging modality to be widely used in both preclinical and clinical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingheng Ruan
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanxi Li
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Du
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Yuan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qikai Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaojun Yang
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Lovibond S, Gewirtz AN, Pasquini L, Krebs S, Graham MS. The promise of metabolic imaging in diffuse midline glioma. Neoplasia 2023; 39:100896. [PMID: 36944297 PMCID: PMC10036941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into histopathological and molecular subgroups of glioma have revolutionized the field of neuro-oncology by refining diagnostic categories. An emblematic example in pediatric neuro-oncology is the newly defined diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27-altered. DMG represents a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis. The diagnosis of DMG is largely based on clinical presentation and characteristic features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with biopsy limited by its delicate neuroanatomic location. Standard MRI remains limited in its ability to characterize tumor biology. Advanced MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offer additional value as they enable non-invasive evaluation of molecular and metabolic features of brain tumors. These techniques have been widely used for tumor detection, metabolic characterization and treatment response monitoring of brain tumors. However, their role in the realm of pediatric DMG is nascent. By summarizing DMG metabolic pathways in conjunction with their imaging surrogates, we aim to elucidate the untapped potential of such imaging techniques in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lovibond
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra N Gewirtz
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Krebs
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maya S Graham
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Li H, Guglielmetti C, Sei YJ, Zilberter M, Le Page LM, Shields L, Yang J, Nguyen K, Tiret B, Gao X, Bennett N, Lo I, Dayton TL, Kampmann M, Huang Y, Rathmell JC, Vander Heiden M, Chaumeil MM, Nakamura K. Neurons require glucose uptake and glycolysis in vivo. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112335. [PMID: 37027294 PMCID: PMC10556202 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons require large amounts of energy, but whether they can perform glycolysis or require glycolysis to maintain energy remains unclear. Using metabolomics, we show that human neurons do metabolize glucose through glycolysis and can rely on glycolysis to supply tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. To investigate the requirement for glycolysis, we generated mice with postnatal deletion of either the dominant neuronal glucose transporter (GLUT3cKO) or the neuronal-enriched pyruvate kinase isoform (PKM1cKO) in CA1 and other hippocampal neurons. GLUT3cKO and PKM1cKO mice show age-dependent learning and memory deficits. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging shows that female PKM1cKO mice have increased pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, whereas female GLUT3cKO mice have decreased conversion, body weight, and brain volume. GLUT3KO neurons also have decreased cytosolic glucose and ATP at nerve terminals, with spatial genomics and metabolomics revealing compensatory changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and galactose metabolism. Therefore, neurons metabolize glucose through glycolysis in vivo and require glycolysis for normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yoshitaka J Sei
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lydia M Le Page
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lauren Shields
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joyce Yang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brice Tiret
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF/UCB Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neal Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iris Lo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Talya L Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF/UCB Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UCSF/UCB Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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6
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cai X, Li J, Wang L, Tao C, Yin X, Li X, Hou S, Jiang D, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Tian Y. Structural and functional imaging of brains. Sci China Chem 2022; 66:324-366. [PMID: 36536633 PMCID: PMC9753096 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known, the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging, especially in the live brain. In addition, the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules, but the concentrations, distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood. In this review, frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM), light microscopy (LM) and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM). Specially, XRM for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted. Additionally, the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined. In particular, the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized. We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability, as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. Moreover, the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced. Furthermore, multiple optical probes and instruments, especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry, for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Qiaowei Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Changlu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shangguo Hou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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7
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Multinuclear MRI in Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196493. [PMID: 36235031 PMCID: PMC9572840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of magnetic resonance imaging broadens the range of applications to newer areas. Using MRI, we can not only visualize, but also track pharmaceutical substances and labeled cells in both in vivo and in vitro tests. 1H is widely used in the MRI method, which is determined by its high content in the human body. The potential of the MRI method makes it an excellent tool for imaging the morphology of the examined objects, and also enables registration of changes at the level of metabolism. There are several reports in the scientific publications on the use of clinical MRI for in vitro tracking. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential for scientific research and clinical studies. Tuning MRI scanners to the Larmor frequency of a given nucleus, allows imaging without tissue background. Heavy nuclei are components of both drugs and contrast agents and molecular complexes. The implementation of hyperpolarization techniques allows for better MRI sensitivity. The aim of this review is to present the use of multinuclear MRI for investigations in drug delivery.
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8
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Wei Y, Yang C, Jiang H, Li Q, Che F, Wan S, Yao S, Gao F, Zhang T, Wang J, Song B. Multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: state of the art and future directions. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 35976510 PMCID: PMC9382599 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of heteronuclear fluorine, sodium, phosphorus, and other probes and imaging technologies as well as the optimization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment and sequences, multi-nuclear magnetic resonance (multi-NMR) has enabled localize molecular activities in vivo that are central to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative pathologies, metabolic diseases, kidney, and tumor, to shift from the traditional morphological imaging to the molecular imaging, precision diagnosis, and treatment mode. However, due to the low natural abundance and low gyromagnetic ratios, the clinical application of multi-NMR has been hampered. Several techniques have been developed to amplify the NMR sensitivity such as the dynamic nuclear polarization, spin-exchange optical pumping, and brute-force polarization. Meanwhile, a wide range of nuclei can be hyperpolarized, such as 2H, 3He, 13C, 15 N, 31P, and 129Xe. The signal can be increased and allows real-time observation of biological perfusion, metabolite transport, and metabolic reactions in vivo, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional magnetic resonance of low sensitivity. HP-NMR imaging of different nuclear substrates provides a unique opportunity and invention to map the metabolic changes in various organs without invasive procedures. This review aims to focus on the recent applications of multi-NMR technology not only in a range of preliminary animal experiments but also in various disease spectrum in human. Furthermore, we will discuss the future challenges and opportunities of this multi-NMR from a clinical perspective, in the hope of truly bridging the gap between cutting-edge molecular biology and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Che
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Wan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China.
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9
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Imaging Neurodegenerative Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI. Tomography 2022; 8:1570-1577. [PMID: 35736877 PMCID: PMC9231312 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unknown, and consequently, early diagnosis of the disease can be difficult and effective treatment is lacking. The pathology of ALS seems to involve specific disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism, which may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is emerging as a technology for the evaluation of pathway-specific changes in the brain’s metabolism. By imaging pyruvate and the lactate and bicarbonate it is metabolized into, the technology is sensitive to the metabolic changes of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we performed hyperpolarized MRI of a patient with newly diagnosed ALS. We found a lateralized difference in [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate exchange with no changes in exchange from [1-13C]pyruvate to 13C-bicarbonate. The 40% increase in [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate exchange corresponded with the patient’s symptoms and presentation with upper-motor neuron affection and cortical hyperexcitability. The data presented here demonstrate the feasibility of performing hyperpolarized MRI in ALS. They indicate potential in pathway-specific imaging of dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism in ALS, an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease.
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10
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Saito Y, Yatabe H, Tamura I, Kondo Y, Ishida R, Seki T, Hiraga K, Eguchi A, Takakusagi Y, Saito K, Oshima N, Ishikita H, Yamamoto K, Krishna MC, Sando S. Structure-guided design enables development of a hyperpolarized molecular probe for the detection of aminopeptidase N activity in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2667. [PMID: 35353577 PMCID: PMC8967239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a cutting-edge technique that markedly enhances the detection sensitivity of molecules using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This methodology enables real-time imaging of dynamic metabolic status in vivo using MRI. To expand the targetable metabolic reactions, there is a demand for developing exogenous, i.e., artificially designed, DNP-NMR molecular probes; however, complying with the requirements of practical DNP-NMR molecular probes is challenging because of the lack of established design guidelines. Here, we report Ala-[1-13C]Gly-d2-NMe2 as a DNP-NMR molecular probe for in vivo detection of aminopeptidase N activity. We developed this probe rationally through precise structural investigation, calculation, biochemical assessment, and advanced molecular design to achieve rapid and detectable responses to enzyme activity in vivo. With the fabricated probe, we successfully detected enzymatic activity in vivo. This report presents a comprehensive approach for the development of artificially derived, practical DNP-NMR molecular probes through structure-guided molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yatabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Iori Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihiro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
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11
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Mandal PK, Guha Roy R, Samkaria A, Maroon JC, Arora Y. In Vivo 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Assessing Brain Biochemistry in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1183-1201. [PMID: 35089504 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that contributes to the elucidation of brain biochemistry. 13C MRS enables the detection of specific neurochemicals and their neuroenergetic correlation with neuronal function. The synergistic outcome of 13C MRS and the infusion of 13C-labeled substrates provide an understanding of neurometabolism and the role of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, 13C MRS provides a window into the altered flux rate of different pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the glutamate/glutamine/GABA cycle, in health and in various diseases. Notably, the metabolic flux rate of the TCA cycle often decreases in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, 13C MRS can be used to investigate several psychiatric and neurological disorders as it directly reflects the real-time production and alterations of key brain metabolites. This review aims to highlight the chronology, the technological advancements, and the applications of 13C MRS in various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
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12
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Cleland NRW, Al-Juboori SI, Dobrinskikh E, Bruce KD. Altered substrate metabolism in neurodegenerative disease: new insights from metabolic imaging. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:248. [PMID: 34711251 PMCID: PMC8555332 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), are relatively common and devastating neurological disorders. For example, there are 6 million individuals living with AD in the United States, a number that is projected to grow to 14 million by the year 2030. Importantly, AD, PD and MS are all characterized by the lack of a true disease-modifying therapy that is able to reverse or halt disease progression. In addition, the existing standard of care for most NDs only addresses the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, alternative strategies that target mechanisms underlying the neuropathogenesis of disease are much needed. Recent studies have indicated that metabolic alterations in neurons and glia are commonly observed in AD, PD and MS and lead to changes in cell function that can either precede or protect against disease onset and progression. Specifically, single-cell RNAseq studies have shown that AD progression is tightly linked to the metabolic phenotype of microglia, the key immune effector cells of the brain. However, these analyses involve removing cells from their native environment and performing measurements in vitro, influencing metabolic status. Therefore, technical approaches that can accurately assess cell-specific metabolism in situ have the potential to be transformative to our understanding of the mechanisms driving AD. Here, we review our current understanding of metabolism in both neurons and glia during homeostasis and disease. We also evaluate recent advances in metabolic imaging, and discuss how emerging modalities, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) have the potential to determine how metabolic perturbations may drive the progression of NDs. Finally, we propose that the temporal, regional, and cell-specific characterization of brain metabolism afforded by FLIM will be a critical first step in the rational design of metabolism-focused interventions that delay or even prevent NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Saif I Al-Juboori
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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13
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Blazey T, Reed GD, Garbow JR, von Morze C. Metabolite-Specific Echo-Planar Imaging of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate at 4.7 T. Tomography 2021; 7:466-476. [PMID: 34564302 PMCID: PMC8482109 DOI: 10.3390/tomography7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hyperpolarization (HP) greatly increases the sensitivity of 13C MR, the usefulness of HP in vivo is limited by the short lifetime of HP agents. To address this limitation, we developed an echo-planar (EPI) sequence with spectral-spatial radiofrequency (SSRF) pulses for fast and efficient metabolite-specific imaging of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate at 4.7 T. The spatial and spectral selectivity of each SSRF pulse was verified using simulations and phantom testing. EPI and CSI imaging of the rat abdomen were compared in the same rat after injecting HP [1-13C]pyruvate. A procedure was also developed to automatically set the SSRF excitation pulse frequencies based on real-time scanner feedback. The most significant results of this study are the demonstration that a greater spatial and temporal resolution is attainable by metabolite-specific EPI as compared with CSI, and the enhanced lifetime of the HP signal in EPI, which is attributable to the independent flip angle control between metabolites. Real-time center frequency adjustment was also highly effective for minimizing off-resonance effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of metabolite-specific HP 13C EPI at 4.7 T. In conclusion, metabolite-specific EPI using SSRF pulses is an effective way to image HP [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate at 4.7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (T.B.); (J.R.G.)
| | | | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (T.B.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (T.B.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Li Y, Vigneron DB, Xu D. Current human brain applications and challenges of dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 labeled pyruvate MR metabolic imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4225-4235. [PMID: 34432118 PMCID: PMC8566394 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging to acquire dynamic metabolic information in real time is crucial to gain mechanistic insights into metabolic pathways, which are complementary to anatomic and other functional imaging methods. This review presents the advantages of this emerging functional imaging technology, describes considerations in clinical translations, and summarizes current human brain applications. Despite rapid development in methodologies, significant technological and physiological related challenges continue to impede broader clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF Radiology, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Ste 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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15
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Polvoy I, Qin H, Flavell RR, Gordon J, Viswanath P, Sriram R, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging-Rediscovery of a Spectroscopic Tool. Metabolites 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34564385 PMCID: PMC8470013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for metabolism-specific imaging techniques has rekindled interest in Deuterium (2H) Metabolic Imaging (DMI), a robust method based on administration of a substrate (glucose, acetate, fumarate, etc.) labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen and the observation of its metabolic fate in three-dimensions. This technique allows the investigation of multiple metabolic processes in both healthy and diseased states. Despite its low natural abundance, the short relaxation time of deuterium allows for rapid radiofrequency (RF) pulses without saturation and efficient image acquisition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of DMI over the course of recent decades, with a special focus on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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16
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Shchepin RV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous 1 H and 13 C Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Acetate and Pyruvate Esters. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1389-1396. [PMID: 33929077 PMCID: PMC8249325 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of [1-13 C]hyperpolarized carboxylates (most notably, [1-13 C]pyruvate) allows one to visualize abnormal metabolism in tumors and other pathologies. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of 1 H and 13 C hyperpolarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl and allyl alcoholic moieties using heterogeneous hydrogenation of corresponding vinyl, allyl and propargyl precursors in isotopically unlabeled and 1-13 C-enriched forms with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalysts in methanol-d4 and in D2 O. The maximum obtained 1 H polarization was 0.6±0.2 % (for propyl acetate in CD3 OD), while the highest 13 C polarization was 0.10±0.03 % (for ethyl acetate in CD3 OD). Hyperpolarization of acetate esters surpassed that of pyruvates, while esters with a triple carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated alcoholic moiety were less efficient as parahydrogen-induced polarization precursors than esters with a double bond. Among the compounds studied, the maximum 1 H and 13 C NMR signal intensities were observed for propyl acetate. Ethyl acetate yielded slightly less intense NMR signals which were dramatically greater than those of other esters under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 57701, Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Measuring Glycolytic Activity with Hyperpolarized [ 2H 7, U- 13C 6] D-Glucose in the Naive Mouse Brain under Different Anesthetic Conditions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070413. [PMID: 34201777 PMCID: PMC8303162 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the primary fuel for the brain; its metabolism is linked with cerebral function. Different magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques are available to assess glucose metabolism, providing complementary information. Our first aim was to investigate the difference between hyperpolarized 13C-glucose MRS and non-hyperpolarized 2H-glucose MRS to interrogate cerebral glycolysis. Isoflurane anesthesia is commonly employed in preclinical MRS, but it affects cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity. A combination of low doses of isoflurane and medetomidine is routinely used in rodent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and shows similar functional connectivity, as in awake animals. As glucose metabolism is tightly linked to neuronal activity, our second aim was to assess the impact of these two anesthetic conditions on the cerebral metabolism of glucose. Brain metabolism of hyperpolarized 13C-glucose and non-hyperpolaized 2H-glucose was monitored in two groups of mice in a 9.4 T MRI system. We found that the very different duration and temporal resolution of the two techniques enable highlighting the different aspects in glucose metabolism. We demonstrate (by numerical simulations) that hyperpolarized 13C-glucose reports on de novo lactate synthesis and is sensitive to cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc). We show that variations in cerebral glucose metabolism, under different anesthesia, are reflected differently in hyperpolarized and non-hyperpolarized X-nuclei glucose MRS.
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18
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Non-Invasive Differentiation of M1 and M2 Activation in Macrophages Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRS of Pyruvate and DHA at 1.47 Tesla. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070410. [PMID: 34206326 PMCID: PMC8305442 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation, first generalized to the M1/M2 dichotomy, is a complex and central process of the innate immune response. Simply, M1 describes the classical proinflammatory activation, leading to tissue damage, and M2 the alternative activation promoting tissue repair. Given the central role of macrophages in multiple diseases, the ability to noninvasively differentiate between M1 and M2 activation states would be highly valuable for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic responses. Since M1/M2 activation patterns are associated with differential metabolic reprogramming, we hypothesized that hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP 13C MRS), an innovative metabolic imaging approach, could distinguish between macrophage activation states noninvasively. The metabolic conversions of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to HP [1-13C]lactate, and HP [1-13C]dehydroascorbic acid to HP [1-13C]ascorbic acid were monitored in live M1 and M2 activated J774a.1 macrophages noninvasively by HP 13C MRS on a 1.47 Tesla NMR system. Our results show that both metabolic conversions were significantly increased in M1 macrophages compared to M2 and nonactivated cells. Biochemical assays and high resolution 1H MRS were also performed to investigate the underlying changes in enzymatic activities and metabolite levels linked to M1/M2 activation. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of HP 13C MRS for monitoring macrophage activation states noninvasively.
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19
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Sapir G, Shaul D, Lev-Cohain N, Sosna J, Gomori MJ, Katz-Brull R. LDH and PDH Activities in the Ischemic Brain and the Effect of Reperfusion-An Ex Vivo MR Study in Rat Brain Slices Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate. Metabolites 2021; 11:210. [PMID: 33808434 PMCID: PMC8066106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause for neurologic disability worldwide, for which reperfusion is the only available treatment. Neuroimaging in stroke guides treatment, and therefore determines the clinical outcome. However, there are currently no imaging biomarkers for the status of the ischemic brain tissue. Such biomarkers could potentially be useful for guiding treatment in patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Hyperpolarized 13C MR of [1-13C]pyruvate is a clinically translatable method used to characterize tissue metabolism non-invasively in a relevant timescale. The aim of this study was to utilize hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to investigate the metabolic consequences of an ischemic insult immediately during reperfusion and upon recovery of the brain tissue. The rates of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were quantified by monitoring the rates of [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. 31P NMR of the perfused brain slices showed that this system is suitable for studying ischemia and recovery following reperfusion. This was indicated by the levels of the high-energy phosphates (tissue viability) and the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate signal (tissue pH). Acidification, which was observed during the ischemic insult, has returned to baseline level following reperfusion. The LDH/PDH activity ratio increased following ischemia, from 47.0 ± 12.7 in the control group (n = 6) to 217.4 ± 121.3 in the ischemia-reperfusion group (n = 6). Following the recovery period (ca. 1.5 h), this value had returned to its pre-ischemia (baseline) level, suggesting the LDH/PDH enzyme activity ratio may be used as a potential indicator for the status of the ischemic and recovering brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Naama Lev-Cohain
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Moshe J. Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (G.S.); (D.S.); (N.L.-C.); (J.S.); (M.J.G.)
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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