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Du Y, Xu K, Zhao H, Wu Y, Jiang H, He J, Jiang Y. Preliminary Study on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Jujube Flower Disease in Honeybees ( Apis mellifera ligustica) Based on Midgut Transcriptomics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:533. [PMID: 38790162 PMCID: PMC11121247 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are prone to poisoning, also known as jujube flower disease, after collecting nectar from jujube flowers, resulting in the tumultuous demise of foragers. The prevalence of jujube flower disease has become one of the main factors affecting the development of the jujube and beekeeping industries in Northern China. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying jujube flower disease in honeybees are poorly understood. Herein, we first conducted morphological observations of the midgut using HE-staining and found that jujube flower disease-affected honeybees displayed midgut damage with peritrophic membrane detachment. Jujube flower disease was found to increase the activity of chitinase and carboxylesterase (CarE) and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of CYP450 in the honeybee midgut. Transcriptomic data identified 119 differentially expressed genes in the midgut of diseased and healthy honeybees, including CYP6a13, CYP6a17, CYP304a1, CYP6a14, AADC, and AGXT2, which are associated with oxidoreductase activity and vitamin binding. In summary, collecting jujube flower nectar could reduce antioxidant and detoxification capacities of the honeybee midgut and, in more severe cases, damage the intestinal structure, suggesting that intestinal damage might be the main cause of honeybee death due to jujube nectar. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of jujube flower disease in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Du
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China; (K.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Kai Xu
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China; (K.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Huiting Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Ying Wu
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China; (K.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China; (K.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinming He
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin 132108, China; (K.X.); (Y.W.); (H.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Yusuo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
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2
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Garrelfs SF, Chornyi S, Te Brinke H, Ruiter J, Groothoff J, Wanders RJA. Glyoxylate reductase: Definitive identification in human liver mitochondria, its importance for the compartment-specific detoxification of glyoxylate. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:280-288. [PMID: 38200664 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Glyoxylate is a key metabolite generated from various precursor substrates in different subcellular compartments including mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cytosol. The fact that glyoxylate is a good substrate for the ubiquitously expressed enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) requires the presence of efficient glyoxylate detoxification systems to avoid the formation of oxalate. Furthermore, this detoxification needs to be compartment-specific since LDH is actively present in multiple subcellular compartments including peroxisomes, mitochondria, and the cytosol. Whereas the identity of these protection systems has been established for both peroxisomes and the cytosol as concluded from the deficiency of alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and glyoxylate reductase (GR) in PH2, the glyoxylate protection system in mitochondria has remained less well defined. In this manuscript, we show that the enzyme glyoxylate reductase has a bimodal distribution in human embryonic kidney (HEK293), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells and more importantly, in human liver, and is actively present in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. We conclude that the metabolism of glyoxylate in humans requires the complicated interaction between different subcellular compartments within the cell and discuss the implications for the different primary hyperoxalurias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander F Garrelfs
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serhii Chornyi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Te Brinke
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Ruiter
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Groothoff
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Departments of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Section Pediatric Nephrology & Laboratory Division, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhu J, Shi W, Zhao R, Gu C, Shen H, Li H, Wang L, Cheng J, Wan X. Integrated physiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses of the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei under cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101196. [PMID: 38295537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is a limiting factor in the growth of aquatic organisms and can directly affect many chemical and biological processes, including metabolic enzyme activity, aerobic respiration, and signal transduction. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed to characterize the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to cold stress. We subjected L. vannamei to gradually decreasing temperatures (24 °C, 20 °C, 18 °C, 14 °C, and 12 °C) and studied the changes in the hepatopancreas. The results showed that extreme cold stress (12 °C) caused structural damage to the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. However, shrimp exhibited response mechanisms to enhance cold tolerance, through regulating changes in key genes and metabolites in amino acid, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, including (a) increased level of methylation in cells to enhance cold tolerance; (b) increased content of critical amino acids, such as proline, alanine, glutamic acid and taurine, to ameliorate energy metabolism, protect cells from cold-induced osmotic imbalance, and promote ion transport and DNA repair; (c) accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids to improve cell membrane fluidity; and (d) regulation of the metabolic pattern shift to rely on anaerobic metabolism with a gradual decrease in aerobic metabolism and enhance glycolysis to produce enough ATP to maintain energy metabolic balance. When the temperature dropped further, cold stress impaired antioxidant and immune defense responses in shrimp. This study provides an integrated analysis of the physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of L. vannamei in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China.
| | - Ran Zhao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Chen Gu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Libao Wang
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong 226007, China.
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4
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Spitzer B, Yang Y, Tarraf W, Yu B, Boerwinkle E, Fornage M, Mosley TH, DeCarli C, Kristal BS, González HM, Sofer T. Genetic loci of beta-aminoisobutyric acid are associated with aging-related mild cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37120436 PMCID: PMC10148805 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the genetic associations of a previously developed Metabolomic Risk Score (MRS) for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and beta-aminoisobutyric acid metabolite (BAIBA)-the metabolite highlighted by results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the MCI-MRS, and assessed their association with MCI in datasets of diverse race/ethnicities. We first performed a GWAS for the MCI-MRS and BAIBA, in Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 3890) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We identified ten independent genome-wide significant (p value <5 × 10-8) variants associated with MCI-MRS or BAIBA. Variants associated with the MCI-MRS are located in the Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2 gene), which is known to be associated with BAIBA metabolism. Variants associated with BAIBA are located in the AGXT2 gene and in the SLC6A13 gene. Next, we tested the variants' association with MCI in independent datasets of n = 3178 HCHS/SOL older individuals, n = 3775 European Americans, and n = 1032 African Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Variants were considered associated with MCI if their p value <0.05 in the meta-analysis of the three datasets and their direction of association was consistent with expectation. Rs16899972 and rs37369 from the AGXT2 region were associated with MCI. Mediation analysis supported the mediation effect of BAIBA between the two genetic variants and MCI (p value = 0.004 for causal mediated effect). In summary, genetic variants in the AGXT2 region are associated with MCI in Hispanic/Latino, African, and European American populations in the USA, and their effect is likely mediated by changes in BAIBA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Spitzer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunju Yang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bruce S Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Parthasarathy S, Soundararajan P, Sakthivelu M, Karuppiah KM, Velusamy P, Gopinath SC, Pachaiappan R. The role of prognostic biomarkers and their implications in early detection of preeclampsia: A systematic review. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Esposito A, Cotta CK, Lacchini R. Beyond eNOS: Genetic influence in NO pathway affecting drug response. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220157. [PMID: 36264109 PMCID: PMC9583294 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) has important biological functions, and its production may be
influenced by genetic polymorphisms. Since NO mediates the drug response, the
same genetic polymorphism that alter NO levels may also impact drug therapy. The
vast majority of studies in the literature that assess the genetic influence on
NO-related drug response focus on NOS3 (which encodes
endothelial nitric oxide synthase), however several other proteins are
interconnected in the same pathway and may also impact NO availability and drug
response. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding genetic
polymorphisms that influence NO in response to pharmacological agents located in
genes other than NOS3. Articles were obtained from Pubmed and
consisted of 17 manuscripts that assessed polymorphisms of the following
targets: Arginases 1 and 2 (ARG1 and ARG2),
dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1 and 2 (DDAH1 and
DDAH2), and vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF). Here we analyze the main results of these articles,
which show promising evidences that may suggest that the NO-driven
pharmacological response is affected by more than the eNOS gene. The search for
genetic markers may result in better understanding of the variability of drug
response and turn pharmacotherapy involving NO safer and more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Esposito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Farmacologia, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cezar Kayzuka Cotta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Farmacologia, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e
Ciências Humanas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gatticchi L, Grottelli S, Ambrosini G, Pampalone G, Gualtieri O, Dando I, Bellezza I, Cellini B. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of AGXT1 in HepG2 cells as a new in vitro model of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1. Biochimie 2022; 202:110-122. [PMID: 35964771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AGXT1 encodes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1), a liver peroxisomal pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent-enzyme whose deficit causes Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1). PH1 is a rare disease characterized by overproduction of oxalate, first leading to kidney stones formation, and possibly evolving to life-threatening systemic oxalosis. A minority of PH1 patients is responsive to pyridoxine, while the option for non-responders is liver-kidney transplantation. Therefore, huge efforts are currently focused on the identification of new therapies, including the promising approaches based on RNA silencing recently approved. Many PH1-associated mutations are missense and lead to a variety of kinetic and/or folding defects on AGT1. In this context, the availability of a reliable in vitro disease model would be essential to better understand the phenotype of known or newly-identified pathogenic variants as well as to test novel drug candidates. Here, we took advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to specifically knock-out AGXT1 in HepG2 cells, a hepatoma-derived cell model exhibiting a conserved glyoxylate metabolism. AGXT1-KO HepG2 displayed null AGT1 expression and significantly reduced transaminase activity leading to an enhanced secretion of oxalate upon glycolate challenge. Known pathogenic AGT1 variants expressed in AGXT1-KO HepG2 cells showed alteration in both protein levels and specific transaminase activity, as well as a partial mitochondrial mistargeting when associated with a common polymorphism. Notably, pyridoxine treatment was able to partially rescue activity and localization of clinically-responsive variants. Overall, our data validate AGXT1-KO HepG2 cells as a novel cellular model to investigate PH1 pathophysiology, and as a platform for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gioena Pampalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ottavia Gualtieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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8
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Yang FM, Shen L, Fan DD, Chen KH, Lee J. DMGV Is a Rheostat of T Cell Survival and a Potential Therapeutic for Inflammatory Diseases and Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918241. [PMID: 35990633 PMCID: PMC9389583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated effector T cells (Teff) and/or compromised regulatory T cells (Treg) underlie many chronic inflammatory diseases. We discovered a novel pathway to regulate survival and expansion of Teff without compromising Treg survival and a potential therapeutic to treat these diseases. We found dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as a rheostat for Teff survival: while cell-intrinsic DMGV generated by Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is essential for survival and expansion by inducing mitochondrial ROS and regulation of glycolysis, an excessive (or exogenous) DMGV level inhibits activated Teff survival, thereby the AGXT2-DMGV-ROS axis functioning as a switch to turn on and off Teff expansion. DMGV-induced ROS is essential for glycolysis in Teff, and paradoxically DMGV induces ROS only when glycolysis is active. Mechanistically, DMGV rapidly activates mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), causing a surge in mitochondrial Ca2+ without provoking calcium influx to the cytosol. The mitochondrial Ca2+ surge in turn triggers the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) and the subsequent mitochondrial Na+ import induces ROS by uncoupling the Coenzyme Q cycle in Complex III of the electron transport chain. In preclinical studies, DMGV administration significantly diminished the number of inflammatory T cells, effectively suppressing chronic inflammation in mouse models of colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. DMGV also suppressed expansion of cancer cells in vitro and in a mouse T cell leukemic model by the same mechanism. Our data provide a new pathway regulating T cell survival and a novel mode to treat autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Mandy Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dengxia Denise Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jongdae Lee
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jongdae Lee,
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Huang S, Luo Q, Huang J, Wei J, Wang S, Hong C, Qiu P, Li C. A Cluster of Metabolic-Related Genes Serve as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:902064. [PMID: 35873461 PMCID: PMC9301649 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of renal cancer, characterized by the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. RCC is the second highest cause of death among patients with urologic cancers and those with cancer cell metastases have a 5-years survival rate of only 10–15%. Thus, reliable prognostic biomarkers are essential tools to predict RCC patient outcomes. This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database that are associated with pre-and post-metastases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients and intersected these with metabolism-related genes in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database to identify metabolism-related DEGs (DEMGs). GOplot and ggplot packages for gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEMGs with log (foldchange) (logFC) were used to identify metabolic pathways associated with DEMG. Upregulated risk genes and downregulated protective genes among the DEMGs and seven independent metabolic genes, RRM2, MTHFD2, AGXT2, ALDH6A1, GLDC, HOGA1, and ETNK2, were found using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, intersection, and Lasso-Cox regression analysis to establish a metabolic risk score signature (MRSS). Kaplan-Meier survival curve of Overall Survival (OS) showed that the low-risk group had a significantly better prognosis than the high-risk group in both the training cohort (p < 0.001; HR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.97–3.79) and the validation cohort (p = 0.001; HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.50–5.38). The nomogram combined with multiple clinical information and MRSS was more effective at predicting patient outcomes than a single independent prognostic factor. The impact of metabolism on ccRCC was also assessed, and seven metabolism-related genes were established and validated as biomarkers to predict patient outcomes effectively.
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10
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Koper K, Han SW, Pastor DC, Yoshikuni Y, Maeda HA. Evolutionary Origin and Functional Diversification of Aminotransferases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102122. [PMID: 35697072 PMCID: PMC9309667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases (ATs) are pyridoxal 5′-phosphate–dependent enzymes that catalyze the transamination reactions between amino acid donor and keto acid acceptor substrates. Modern AT enzymes constitute ∼2% of all classified enzymatic activities, play central roles in nitrogen metabolism, and generate multitude of primary and secondary metabolites. ATs likely diverged into four distinct AT classes before the appearance of the last universal common ancestor and further expanded to a large and diverse enzyme family. Although the AT family underwent an extensive functional specialization, many AT enzymes retained considerable substrate promiscuity and multifunctionality because of their inherent mechanistic, structural, and functional constraints. This review summarizes the evolutionary history, diverse metabolic roles, reaction mechanisms, and structure–function relationships of the AT family enzymes, with a special emphasis on their substrate promiscuity and multifunctionality. Comprehensive characterization of AT substrate specificity is still needed to reveal their true metabolic functions in interconnecting various branches of the nitrogen metabolic network in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Koper
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Yasuo Yoshikuni
- The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Global Center for Food, Land, and Water Resources, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Keskinkaya HB, Abuşoğlu S, Ünlü A, Atalar MN, Yilmaz SA. Quantification of serum homoarginine, methylated arginine and inhibin-A levels in a high-risk pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2018-2024. [PMID: 35666949 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The plasma levels of homoarginine (h-Arg) and methylated arginine have proven to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. We aimed to determine the h-Arg and methyl arginine levels in serums of high-risk pregnancy causing potential complications. These participants were divided into four groups as the control group with quadruple test, the high-risk group quadruple test the control group with binary test, the high-risk group with quadruple test that have a positive result from second-trimester screening with a cut-off value of 1 in 300. The serum methyl arginine and homoarginine levels were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum h-Arg levels were found to be higher in high-risk groups compared to control groups and it was also detected higher in the groups with quadruple test than the groups with binary test (p < .05). H-Arg levels in the groups showed strong negative correlation with age and serum inhibin-A levels (r = -0.288, p < .001). Also, there was a strong negative correlation between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and serum inhibin-A levels (r = -0.352, p < .001). H-Arg may be a new risk marker to detect high-risk pregnancies in early pregnancy. In addition to, methylated arginine such as ADMA has a key regulator in a physiological concentration of h-Arg.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? H-Arg levels decrease may be associated with preeclampsia, GDM, macrosomia, low birth weight, and preterm delivery in pregnancy.What do the results of this study add? Serum h-Arg levels were found to be higher in high-risk groups. Additionally, h-Arg levels and ADAM, one of the methylated arginines in the groups showed a strong negative correlation with serum inhibin-A levelsWhat are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? H-Arg may be a new risk marker to detect high-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedat Abuşoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünlü
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Atalar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Setenay Arzu Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Hall JA, Panickar KS, Brockman JA, Jewell DE. Cats with Genetic Variants of AGXT2 Respond Differently to a Dietary Intervention Known to Reduce the Risk of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:791. [PMID: 35627178 PMCID: PMC9141165 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was completed to evaluate a genotype-specific nutritional intervention for reducing the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation. Serum metabolomic profiles and genotypes of 445 cats in the colony at Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc (Topeka, KS, USA)were assessed in a genome-wide association study, and revealed an association between genetic variants of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) and 2-oxoarginine. The most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with 2-oxoarginine was at position chrA1:212069607, [G/A] (p < 3.687 × 10−17). This SNP explained approximately 15% of the variance in 2-oxoarginine concentrations. The distribution of genotype frequencies was 0.07 AA, 0.39 AG, and 0.54 GG, with a mean relative 2-oxoarginine concentration for each genotype of 0.45 AA, 0.92 AG, and 1.27 GG, indicating a subtractive effect of the minor allele (A). Serum concentrations of two AGXT2 substrates, symmetric/asymmetric dimethylarginines (SDMA/ADMA) and β-aminoisobutyrate (BAIB) were also strongly associated with SNP chrA1:212069607 (p < 1.43 × 10−12 and p < 2.30 × 10−14, respectively). These two AGXT2 substrates were increased with the minor allele (A), indicating that the variant of the AGXT2 gene results in decreased aminotransferase activity. Additionally, the lifetime history of stone incidence showed that cats with the AA variant of AGXT2 SNP had a 2.515× increased incidence of stones compared with cats having the GG variant (p = 0.019). In a subsequent study assessing AGXT2 genotypes, cats (n = 10 GG, 4 AG, 9 AA) were fed control or test food (containing betaine at 0.500%, and the botanicals green tea, fenugreek and tulsi at 0.25, 0.025, and 0.0015%, respectively) in a cross-over study design. Stone risk analysis was conducted on urine samples after feeding control or test food for 28 days each. A calcium oxalate titration test (COT) was performed to assess the amount of added Ox−2 (per L) required to initiate calcium oxalate crystal formation. Cats with the GG variant of the AGXT2 SNP required more added oxalate to initiate urine crystal formation after consuming test food compared with control food, indicating a decreased risk of oxalate crystal formation in GG cats. In addition, urine oxalate concentrations showed an overall effect of test food independent of genotype (p = 0.0009), which resulted in lower oxalate concentrations after consuming test food compared with control food. These data indicate that cats with the GG-specific variant of AGXT2 should benefit from a reduced risk of calcium oxalate stone formation after consuming a betaine and botanical dietary enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kiran S. Panickar
- Science & Technology Center, Hill′s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS 66617, USA; (K.S.P.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Brockman
- Science & Technology Center, Hill′s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS 66617, USA; (K.S.P.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Hannemann J, Zummack J, Hillig J, Rendant-Gantzberg L, Böger R. Association of Variability in the DDAH1, DDAH2, AGXT2 and PRMT1 Genes with Circulating ADMA Concentration in Human Whole Blood. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040941. [PMID: 35207213 PMCID: PMC8877358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis and a cardiovascular risk factor. Its regulation has been studied extensively in experimental models, but less in humans. We studied common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for enzymes involved in ADMA biosynthesis and metabolism, i.e., PRMT1, DDAH1, DDAH2, and AGXT2, and assessed their associations with blood ADMA concentration in 377 unselected humans. The minor allele of DDAH1 SNP rs233112 was significantly more frequent in individuals with ADMA in the highest tertile or in the highest quartile, as was the major allele of DDAH2 rs805304. A combined genotype comprising both SNPs showed a significant genotype–phenotype association, with increasing ADMA concentration by an increasing number of inactive alleles. SNPs in the AGXT2 and PRMT1 genes showed no significant associations with blood ADMA concentration. Our study provides comprehensive evidence that DDAH1 and DDAH2 are the major enzymes regulating blood ADMA concentration, whilst PRMT1 indirectly affects ADMA, and AGXT2 may act as a back-up enzyme in ADMA metabolism under pathophysiological conditions only.
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14
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Hannemann J, Siques P, Schmidt-Hutten L, Zummack J, Brito J, Böger R. Association of Genes of the NO Pathway with Altitude Disease and Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245761. [PMID: 34945057 PMCID: PMC8704804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia leads to high-altitude pulmonary hypertension, which is associated with high asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in this pathway to high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We genotyped 69 healthy male Chileans subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Acclimatization to altitude was determined using the Lake Louise Score and the presence of acute mountain sickness. Echocardiography was performed after six months in 24 individuals to estimate pulmonary arterial pressure. The minor allele of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1 rs233112 was associated with high-baseline plasma ADMA concentration, while individuals homozygous for the major allele of DDAH2 rs805304 had a significantly greater increase in ADMA during chronic intermittent hypoxia. The major allele of alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase-2 (AGXT2) rs37369 was associated with a greater reduction of plasma symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Several genes were associated with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)3 and DDAH2 genes were related to acute mountain sickness. In conclusion, DDAH1 determines baseline plasma ADMA, while DDAH2 modulates ADMA increase in hypoxia. AGXT2 may be up-regulated in hypoxia. Genomic variation in the dimethylarginine pathway affects the development of HAPH and altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (J.Z.); (R.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Lena Schmidt-Hutten
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (J.Z.); (R.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julia Zummack
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (J.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (J.Z.); (R.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
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15
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Sledzieski S, Singh R, Cowen L, Berger B. D-SCRIPT translates genome to phenome with sequence-based, structure-aware, genome-scale predictions of protein-protein interactions. Cell Syst 2021; 12:969-982.e6. [PMID: 34536380 PMCID: PMC8586911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We combine advances in neural language modeling and structurally motivated design to develop D-SCRIPT, an interpretable and generalizable deep-learning model, which predicts interaction between two proteins using only their sequence and maintains high accuracy with limited training data and across species. We show that a D-SCRIPT model trained on 38,345 human PPIs enables significantly improved functional characterization of fly proteins compared with the state-of-the-art approach. Evaluating the same D-SCRIPT model on protein complexes with known 3D structure, we find that the inter-protein contact map output by D-SCRIPT has significant overlap with the ground truth. We apply D-SCRIPT to screen for PPIs in cow (Bos taurus) at a genome-wide scale and focusing on rumen physiology, identify functional gene modules related to metabolism and immune response. The predicted interactions can then be leveraged for function prediction at scale, addressing the genome-to-phenome challenge, especially in species where little data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sledzieski
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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16
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Yoo T, Joo SK, Kim HJ, Kim HY, Sim H, Lee J, Kim HH, Jung S, Lee Y, Jamialahmadi O, Romeo S, Jeong WI, Hwang GS, Kang KW, Kim JW, Kim W, Choi M. Disease-specific eQTL screening reveals an anti-fibrotic effect of AGXT2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2021; 75:514-523. [PMID: 33892010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an increasing clinical burden. Genome-wide association studies have revealed a limited contribution of genomic variants to the disease, requiring alternative but robust approaches to identify disease-associated variants and genes. We carried out a disease-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) screen to identify novel genetic factors that specifically act on NAFLD progression on the basis of genotype. METHODS We recruited 125 Korean patients (83 with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 42 without NAFLD) and performed eQTL analyses using 21,272 transcripts and 3,234,941 genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms. We then selected eQTLs that were detected only in the NAFLD group, but not in the control group (i.e., NAFLD-eQTLs). An additional cohort of 162 Korean individuals with NAFLD was used for replication. The function of the selected eQTL toward NAFLD development was validated using HepG2, primary hepatocytes and NAFLD mouse models. RESULTS The NAFLD-specific eQTL screening yielded 242 loci. Among them, AGXT2, encoding alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, displayed decreased expression in patients with NAFLD homozygous for the non-reference allele of rs2291702, compared to no-NAFLD individuals with the same genotype (p = 4.79 × 10-6). This change was replicated in an additional 162 individuals, yielding a combined p value of 8.05 × 10-8 from a total of 245 patients with NAFLD and 42 controls. Knockdown of AGXT2 induced palmitate-overloaded hepatocyte death by increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and exacerbated NAFLD diet-induced liver fibrosis in mice, while overexpression of AGXT2 attenuated liver fibrosis and steatosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a new molecular role for AGXT2 in NAFLD. Our overall approach will serve as an efficient tool for uncovering novel genetic factors that contribute to liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY Elucidating causal genes for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been challenging due to limited tissue availability and the polygenic nature of the disease. Using liver and blood samples from 125 Korean individuals (83 with NAFLD and 42 without NAFLD), we devised a new analytic method to identify causal genes. Among the candidates, we found that AGXT2-rs2291702 protects against liver fibrosis in a genotype-dependent manner with the potential for therapeutic interventions. Our approach enables the discovery of causal genes that act on the basis of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtai Sim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Salhgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Salhgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Cardiology Department, Sweden; Department of Medical and Clinical Science, Clinical Nutrition Unit, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hall JA, Forman FJ, Bobe G, Farace G, Yerramilli M. The impact of periodontal disease and dental cleaning procedures on serum and urine kidney biomarkers in dogs and cats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255310. [PMID: 34324590 PMCID: PMC8321124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits and inherent risks of dental cleaning procedures, based on serum and urine biomarkers for kidney function and tissue damage, in dogs and cats. Thirty-one asymptomatic, mostly older dogs (14 neutered male and 17 ovariohysterectomized female dogs of various breeds between 3 and 14 years old) and cats (19 neutered male and 12 ovariohysterectomized female domestic short hair cats between 2 and 16 years old) diagnosed with periodontal disease on physical exam, and recommended by their veterinarian to have dental cleaning under general anesthesia were evaluated in a prospective study. Serum and urine samples were collected from dogs and cats 1 week before, 6 hours after, and again 1 week after the dental cleaning procedure. Samples were analyzed for biomarkers of kidney function [serum creatinine (Cr), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine for specific gravity (USG) and protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio]. A panel of biomarkers for renal tissue damage was also assessed [serum β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB), and urine cystatin B and clusterin]. Samples collected one week before dental cleaning procedures showed that increased age and severity of dental disease were linked to abnormal kidney function biomarker values (age: elevated SDMA and Cr concentrations and isosthenuric USG values; disease severity: elevated UPC ratios) as well as elevated urine cystatin B and clusterin concentrations. Directly after the dental cleaning procedure, an increased number of cats with elevated SDMA concentrations was observed (specifically in cats with longer duration of dental procedures). Extended duration of dental procedures (≥60 min) was linked to increased urine cystatin B and clusterin concentrations, whereas shorter duration procedures was linked to decreased urine cystatin B and clusterin. Higher SDMA concentrations persisted in cats one week after the dental cleaning procedures and were linked to elevated UPC ratios one week before cleaning procedures. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate a link between severity of dental disease, renal tissue injury, and impaired renal function. Longer duration dental procedures in cats may carry inherent risks of kidney injury and impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Franci J. Forman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Giosi Farace
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME, United States of America
| | - Murthy Yerramilli
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, ME, United States of America
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18
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Hannemann J, Balfanz P, Schwedhelm E, Hartmann B, Ule J, Müller-Wieland D, Dahl E, Dreher M, Marx N, Rainer Böger. Elevated serum SDMA and ADMA at hospital admission predict in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9895. [PMID: 33972591 PMCID: PMC8110746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease with a variable clinical course ranging from mild symptoms to critical illness, organ failure, and death. Prospective biomarkers may help to predict the severity of an individual’s clinical course and mortality risk. We analyzed asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in blood samples from 31 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. We calculated associations of ADMA and SDMA with mortality and organ failure, and we developed a predictive algorithm based upon these biomarkers to predict mortality risk. Nine patients (29%) experienced in-hospital death. SDMA and ADMA serum concentrations were significantly higher at admission in COVID-19 patients who died than in survivors. Cut-offs of 0.90 µmol/L for SDMA (AUC, 0.904, p = 0.0005) and 0.66 µmol/L for ADMA (AUC, 0.874, p = 0.0013) were found in ROC analyses to best discriminate both subgroups of patients. Hazard ratio for in-hospital mortality was 12.2 (95% CI: 2.2–31.2) for SDMA and 6.3 (1.1–14.7) for ADMA above cut-off. Sequential analysis of both biomarkers allowed discriminating a high-risk group (87.5% mortality) from an intermediate-risk group (25% mortality) and a low-risk group (0% mortality). Elevated circulating concentrations of SDMA and ADMA may help to better identify COVID-19 patients with a high risk of in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Paul Balfanz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bojan Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Ule
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Stautemas J, Jarzebska N, Shan ZX, Blancquaert L, Everaert I, de Jager S, De Baere S, Hautekiet A, Volkaert A, Lefevere FBD, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Kim CK, Leiper J, Weiss N, Croubels S, Rodionov RN, Derave W. The role of alanine glyoxylate transaminase-2 (agxt2) in β-alanine and carnosine metabolism of healthy mice and humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2749-2759. [PMID: 32948897 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic β-alanine supplementation leads to increased levels of muscle histidine-containing dipeptides. However, the majority of ingested β-alanine is, most likely, degraded by two transaminases: GABA-T and AGXT2. In contrast to GABA-T, the in vivo role of AGXT2 with respect to β-alanine metabolism is unknown. The purpose of the present work is to investigate if AGXT2 is functionally involved in β-alanine homeostasis. METHODS Muscle histidine-containing dipeptides levels were determined in AGXT2 overexpressing or knock-out mice and in human subjects with different rs37369 genotypes which is known to affect AGXT2 activity. Further, plasma β-alanine kinetic was measured and urine was obtained from subjects with different rs37369 genotypes following ingestion of 1400 mg β-alanine. RESULT Overexpression of AGXT2 decreased circulating and muscle histidine-containing dipeptides (> 70% decrease; p < 0.05), while AGXT2 KO did not result in altered histidine-containing dipeptides levels. In both models, β-alanine remained unaffected in the circulation and in muscle (p > 0.05). In humans, the results support the evidence that decreased AGXT2 activity is not associated with altered histidine-containing dipeptides levels (p > 0.05). Additionally, following an acute dose of β-alanine, no differences in pharmacokinetic response were measured between subjects with different rs37369 genotypes (p > 0.05). Interestingly, urinary β-alanine excretion was 103% higher in subjects associated with lower AGXT2 activity, compared to subjects associated with normal AGXT2 activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The data suggest that in vivo, β-alanine is a substrate of AGXT2; however, its importance in the metabolism of β-alanine and histidine-containing dipeptides seems small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhou Xiang Shan
- Anhui Institute of Sport Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology Anhui, Anhui, China
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sarah de Jager
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Hautekiet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneke Volkaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Filip B D Lefevere
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chang Keun Kim
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - James Leiper
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Norbert Weiss
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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20
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Wali JA, Koay YC, Chami J, Wood C, Corcilius L, Payne RJ, Rodionov RN, Birkenfeld AL, Samocha-Bonet D, Simpson SJ, O'Sullivan JF. Nutritional and metabolic regulation of the metabolite dimethylguanidino valeric acid: an early marker of cardiometabolic disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E509-E518. [PMID: 32663097 PMCID: PMC7509244 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) is a marker of fatty liver disease, incident coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and incident diabetes. Recently, it was reported that circulating DMGV levels correlated positively with consumption of sugary beverages and negatively with intake of fruits and vegetables in three Swedish community-based cohorts. Here, we validate these results in the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort. Furthermore, in mice, diets rich in sucrose or fat significantly increased plasma DMGV concentrations. DMGV is the product of metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) by the hepatic enzyme AGXT2. ADMA can also be metabolized to citrulline by the cytoplasmic enzyme DDAH1. We report that a high-sucrose diet induced conversion of ADMA exclusively into DMGV (supporting the relationship with sugary beverage intake in humans), while a high-fat diet promoted conversion of ADMA to both DMGV and citrulline. On the contrary, replacing dietary native starch with high-fiber-resistant starch increased ADMA concentrations and induced its conversion to citrulline, without altering DMGV concentrations. In a cohort of obese nondiabetic adults, circulating DMGV concentrations increased and ADMA levels decreased in those with either liver or muscle insulin resistance. This was similar to changes in DMGV and ADMA concentrations found in mice fed a high-sucrose diet. Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Compared with glucose, incubation of hepatocytes with fructose significantly increased DMGV production. Overall, we provide a comprehensive picture of the dietary determinants of DMGV levels and association with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Chami
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Courtney Wood
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Center for Vascular Medicine and Department of Medicine III-Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Jarzebska N, Georgi S, Jabs N, Brilloff S, Maas R, Rodionov RN, Zietz C, Montresor S, Hohenstein B, Weiss N. Kidney and liver are the main organs of expression of a key metabolic enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 in humans. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2020; 40:106-112. [PMID: 31818439 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and is highly predictive for development of cardiovascular diseases. An association between elevated plasma levels of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and risk of cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in numerous epidemiological studies. ADMA can be catabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) or metabolized through a much less understood alternative pathway by alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) with the formation of α-keto-δ-(N,N-dimethylguanidino)valeric acid (ADGV). Previous RT-PCR and Western Blot studies suggested that Agxt2 is expressed in the mouse kidney and liver at comparable levels, while Northern Blot and in-situ RNA-hybridisation experiments demonstrated that the kidney is the main organ of Agxt2 expression in rats. Given this discrepancy, the goal of the current study was to analyse the expression of AGXT2 in human tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed AGXT2 expression in human tissues from a normal tissue bank by RT-PCR and further validated the results by Western Blot. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for AGXT2 and double fluorescent staining with an anti-AGXT2 antibody and a monoclonal anti-mitochondrial antibody. RESULTS We saw the strongest expression of AGXT2 in the kidney and liver and confirmed this results on protein level. By IHC staining we were able to show that AGXT2 is present in the convoluted tubule in the kidney and in the liver hepatocytes. The double fluorescent staining revealed mitochondrial localization of AGXT2. CONCLUSIONS Our current data suggest that both hepatocytes and kidney tubular epithelial cells are the major sources of AGXT2 in humans. We also demonstrated the mitochondrial localization of human AGXT2 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jarzebska
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophia Georgi
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Normund Jabs
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Brilloff
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renke Maas
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Zietz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Montresor
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiss
- University Center for Vascular Medicine & Department of Medicine III - Section Angiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Böger R, Hannemann J. Dual role of the L-arginine-ADMA-NO pathway in systemic hypoxic vasodilation and pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020918850. [PMID: 32313645 PMCID: PMC7153195 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020918850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy vascular endothelium, nitric oxide acts as a vasodilator paracrine mediator on adjacent smooth muscle cells. By activating soluble guanylyl cyclase, nitric oxide stimulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (vasodilation) and inhibition of platelet aggregation. This mechanism is active in both, the systemic and pulmonary circulation. In the systemic circulation, hypoxia results in local vasodilation, which has been shown to be brought about by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and concomitant upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. By contrast, the physiological response to hypoxia in the pulmonary circulation is vasoconstriction. Hypoxia in the lung primarily results from hypoventilation of circumscript areas of the lung, e.g. by bronchial tree obstruction or inflammatory infiltration. Therefore, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is a mechanism preventing distribution of blood to hypoventilated areas of the lungs, thereby maintaining maximal oxygenation of blood. The exact molecular mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is less well understood than hypoxic vasodilation in the systemic circulation. While alveolar epithelial cells may be key in sensing low oxygen concentration, and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells obviously are the effectors of vasoconstriction, the pulmonary vascular endothelium plays a crucial role as an intermediate between these cell types. Indeed, dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide release was observed in humans exposed to acute hypoxia, and animal studies suggest that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is enhanced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. This may be caused, in part, by elevation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. High asymmetric dimethylarginine levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction, vascular disease, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Markov AG, Weiss N, Lentz SR, Rodionov RN. Is Homoarginine a Protective Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:869-875. [PMID: 30866658 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of recent epidemiological studies have implicated the endogenous nonproteinogenic amino acid l-homoarginine as a novel candidate cardiovascular risk factor. The association between homoarginine levels and the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is inverse (ie, high cardiovascular risk is predicted by low rather than high homoarginine levels), which makes it plausible to normalize systemic homoarginine levels via oral supplementation. The emergence of homoarginine as a potentially treatable protective cardiovascular risk factor has generated a wave of hope in the field of cardiovascular prevention. Herein, we review the biochemistry, physiology, and metabolism of homoarginine, summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the epidemiological evidence linking homoarginine to cardiovascular disease and its potential protective cardiovascular effects, and identify priorities for future research needed to define the clinical utility of homoarginine as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Karetnikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Alexander G Markov
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Steven R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (S.R.L.)
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.).,Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (R.N.R.)
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24
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Cardiovascular and Neuronal Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1716-1732. [PMID: 31823198 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a type of post-translational modification which is important for numerous cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, DNA repair, signal transduction, protein interaction, and transport. PRMTs have been extensively associated with various pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and immunity response. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in vascular and neurological function. Aberrant expression of PRMTs can alter its metabolic products, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Increased ADMA levels are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to study their function under normal and pathological states. In this review, we aim to elucidate the particular roles of PRMTs in vascular and neuronal function as a potential target for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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25
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Xiao H, Chen P, Zeng G, Xu D, Wang X, Zhang X. Three novel hub genes and their clinical significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6779-6791. [PMID: 31839812 PMCID: PMC6909945 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the association of biomarkers correlated with clinical stages and survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods. The GSE36895 dataset was downloaded and differentially expressed or methylated genes were analyzed. Hub genes were identified with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction network (PPI), and validated with TCGA database and our own tissues. The biological processes of hub genes were further explored by functional enrichment analysis. Survival analyses were also performed. The underlying mechanisms for ccRCC development were detected with Gene set enrichment analyses. Results. A total of 1624 differentially expressed genes were analyzed by WGCNA and 6 co-expressed gene modules were identified. Three hub genes (EHHADH, ACADM and AGXT2) were met the criterion of both WGCNA and PPI networks analysis, which showed highest negative association with pathological T stage (r = - 0.45, p = 0.01) and tumor grade (r = - 0.45, p = 0.01). The downregulation of these hub genes was validated with using both TCGA database and samples harvested at our institute The biological processes that hub genes involved, such as metabolic process (p = 9.63E - 09), oxidation-reduction process (p = 1.05E - 08) and oxidoreductase activity (p = 1.72E - 04), were revealed. Survival analysis showed a higher expression or lower methylation of these hub genes, a longer survival of ccRCC patients. ccRCC samples with higher expression of hub genes were enriched in gene sets correlated with signaling like biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, butanoate metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway. Conclusions. We identified three novel tumor suppressors associated with pathological T stage and overall survival of ccRCC. They might be potential as individualized therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xiao
- Urological Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430017, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York 11790
| | - Deqiang Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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26
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Stautemas J, Van Kuilenburg ABP, Stroomer L, Vaz F, Blancquaert L, Lefevere FBD, Everaert I, Derave W. Acute Aerobic Exercise Leads to Increased Plasma Levels of R- and S-β-Aminoisobutyric Acid in Humans. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1240. [PMID: 31611815 PMCID: PMC6773837 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was suggested that β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a myokine involved in browning of fat. However, there is no evidence for an acute effect of exercise supporting this statement and the metabolic distinct enantiomers of BAIBA were not taken into account. Concerning these enantiomers, there is at this point no consensus about resting concentrations of plasma R- and S-BAIBA. Additionally, a polymorphism of the alanine - glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) gene (rs37369) is known to have a high impact on baseline levels of total BAIBA, but the effect on the enantiomers is unknown. Fifteen healthy recreationally active subjects, with different genotypes of rs37369, participated in a randomized crossover trial where they exercised for 1 h at 40% of Ppeak or remained at rest. Plasma samples were analyzed for R- and S-BAIBA using dual column HPLC-fluorescence. The plasma concentration of baseline R-BAIBA was 67 times higher compared to S-BAIBA (1734 ± 821 vs. 29.3 ± 7.8 nM). Exercise induced a 13 and 20% increase in R-BAIBA and S-BAIBA, respectively. The AGXT2 rs37369 genotype strongly affected baseline levels of R-BAIBA, but did not have an impact on baseline S-BAIBA. We demonstrate that BAIBA should not be treated as one molecule, given (1) the markedly uneven distribution of its enantiomers in human plasma favoring R-BAIBA, and (2) their different metabolic source, as evidenced by the AGXT2 polymorphism only affecting R-BAIBA. The proposed function in organ cross talk is supported by the current data and may apply to both enantiomers, but the tissue of origin remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André B P Van Kuilenburg
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lida Stroomer
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fred Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip B D Lefevere
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Ottosson F, Ericson U, Almgren P, Smith E, Brunkwall L, Hellstrand S, Nilsson PM, Orho-Melander M, Fernandez C, Melander O. Dimethylguanidino Valerate: A Lifestyle-Related Metabolite Associated With Future Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012846. [PMID: 31533499 PMCID: PMC6806048 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Identification of lifestyle modifiable metabolic pathways related to cardiometabolic disease risk is essential for improvement of primary prevention in susceptible individuals. It was recently shown that plasma dimethylguanidino valerate (DMGV) levels are associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aims were to investigate whether plasma DMGV is related to risk of future coronary artery disease and with cardiovascular mortality and to replicate the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pinpoint candidate lifestyle interventions susceptible to modulate DMGV levels. Methods and Results Plasma DMGV levels were measured using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry in a total of 5768 participants from the MDC (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study—Cardiovascular Cohort), MPP (Malmö Preventive Project), and MOS (Malmö Offspring Study). Dietary intake assessment was performed in the MOS. Baseline levels of DMGV associated with incident coronary artery disease in both the MDC (hazard ratio=1.29; CI=1.16–1.43; P<0.001) and MPP (odds ratio=1.25; CI=1.08–1.44; P=2.4e‐3). In the MDC, DMGV was associated with cardiovascular mortality and incident coronary artery disease, independently of traditional risk factors. Furthermore, the association between DMGV and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus was replicated in both the MDC (hazard ratio=1.83; CI=1.63–2.05; P<0.001) and MPP (odds ratio=1.65; CI=1.38–1.98; P<0.001). Intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages was associated with increased levels of DMGV, whereas intake of vegetables and level of physical activity was associated with lower DMGV. Conclusions We discovered novel independent associations between plasma DMGV and incident coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality, while replicating the previously reported association with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, strong associations with sugar‐sweetened beverages, vegetable intake, and physical activity suggest the potential to modify DMGV levels using lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Einar Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden
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28
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Liu D, Huo Y, Chen S, Xu D, Yang B, Xue C, Fu L, Bu L, Song S, Mei C. Identification of Key Genes and Candidated Pathways in Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by Bioinformatics Analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:533-552. [DOI: 10.1159/000500458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic form of kidney disease. High-throughput microarray analysis has been applied for elucidating key genes and pathways associated with ADPKD. Most genetic profiling data from ADPKD patients have been uploaded to public databases but not thoroughly analyzed. This study integrated 2 human microarray profile datasets to elucidate the potential pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in ADPKD via bioinformatics analysis in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. Methods: The kidney tissue microarray data of ADPKD patients and normal individuals were searched and obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and enriched pathways and central node genes were elucidated using related websites and software according to bioinformatics analysis protocols. Seven DEGs were validated between polycystic kidney disease and control kidney samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two original human microarray datasets, GSE7869 and GSE35831, were integrated and thoroughly analyzed. In total, 6,422 and 1,152 DEGs were extracted from GSE7869 and GSE35831, respectively, and of these, 561 DEGs were consistent between the databases (291 upregulated genes and 270 downregulated genes). From 421 nodes, 34 central node genes were obtained from a PPI network complex of DEGs. Two significant modules were selected from the PPI network complex by using Cytotype MCODE. Most of the identified genes are involved in protein binding, extracellular region or space, platelet degranulation, mitochondrion, and metabolic pathways. Conclusions: The DEGs and related enriched pathways in ADPKD identified through this integrated bioinformatics analysis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of ADPKD and potential therapeutic strategies. Specifically, abnormal decorin expression in different stages of ADPKD may represent a new therapeutic target in ADPKD, and regulation of metabolism and mitochondrial function in ADPKD may become a focus of future research.
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29
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. The Biological Axis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133322. [PMID: 31284549 PMCID: PMC6651691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotic cells play important roles in the regulation of functionalities of the proteome and in the tempo-spatial control of cellular processes. Most PTMs enact their regulatory functions by affecting the biochemical properties of substrate proteins such as altering structural conformation, protein-protein interaction, and protein-nucleic acid interaction. Amid various PTMs, arginine methylation is widespread in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to humans. Arginine methylation in many situations can drastically or subtly affect the interactions of substrate proteins with their partnering proteins or nucleic acids, thus impacting major cellular programs. Recently, arginine methylation has become an important regulator of the formation of membrane-less organelles inside cells, a phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), through altering π-cation interactions. Another unique feature of arginine methylation lies in its impact on cellular physiology through its downstream amino acid product, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Accumulation of ADMA in cells and in the circulating bloodstream is connected with endothelial dysfunction and a variety of syndromes of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge and understanding of protein arginine methylation in regards to its canonical function in direct protein regulation, as well as the biological axis of protein arginine methylation and ADMA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Siques P, Brito J, Schwedhelm E, Pena E, León-Velarde F, De La Cruz JJ, Böger RH, Hannemann J. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine at Sea Level Is a Predictive Marker of Hypoxic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension at High Altitude. Front Physiol 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31191349 PMCID: PMC6545974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged exposure to altitude-associated chronic hypoxia (CH) may cause high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH) occurs in individuals who commute between sea level and high altitude. CIH is associated with repetitive acute hypoxic acclimatization and conveys the long-term risk of HAPH. As nitric oxide (NO) regulates pulmonary vascular tone and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis, we investigated whether ADMA concentration at sea level predicts HAPH among Chilean frontiers personnel exposed to 6 months of CIH. Methods: In this prospective study, 123 healthy army draftees were subjected to CIH (5 days at 3,550 m, 2 days at sea level) for 6 months. In 100 study participants with complete data, ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), systemic blood pressure, and hematocrit were assessed at months 0 (sea level), 1, 4, and 6. Acclimatization to altitude was determined using the Lake Louise Score (LLS) and the presence of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Echocardiography was performed after 6 months of CIH in 43 individuals with either good (n = 23) or poor (n = 20) acclimatization. Results: SaO2 acutely decreased at altitude and plateaued at 90% thereafter. ADMA increased and SDMA decreased during the study course. The incidence of AMS and the LLS was high after the first ascent (53 and 3.1 ± 2.4) and at 1 month of CIH (47 and 3.0 ± 2.6), but decreased to 20 and 1.4 ± 2.0 at month 6 (both p < 0.001). Eighteen participants (42%) showed a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >25 mm Hg, out of which 9 (21%) were classified as HAPH (mPAP ≥ 30 mm Hg). ADMA at sea level was significantly associated with mPAP at high altitude in month 6 (R = 0.413; p = 0.007). In ROC analysis, a cutoff for baseline ADMA of 0.665 μmol/L was determined to predict HAPH (mPAP > 30 mm Hg) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 63.6%. Conclusions: ADMA concentration increases during CIH. ADMA at sea level is an independent predictive biomarker of HAPH. SDMA concentration decreases during CIH and shows no association with HAPH. Our data support a role of impaired NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan José De La Cruz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany and Iquique, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Genetic regulation of dimethylarginines and endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Amino Acids 2019; 51:983-990. [PMID: 31062169 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) confers an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk which accounts for much of the premature morbidity and mortality observed in this population. Alterations in vascular function and morphology leading to increased atherosclerotic burden are considered the main drivers of CVD in RA individuals with systemic inflammation playing a key role in the dysregulation of endothelial homeostasis and initiation of vascular injury. Dimethylarginines are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and have emerged as novel, independent biomarkers of CVD in a wide range of conditions associated with vascular pathology. In RA several reports have demonstrated abnormal dimethylarginine metabolism attributable to various factors such as systemic inflammation, decreased degradation or upregulated synthesis. Although a causal relationship between dimethylarginines and vascular damage in RA has not been established, the tight interrelations between inflammation, dimethylarginines and endothelial dysfunction suggest that determination of dimethylarginine regulators may shed more light in the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic process in RA and may also provide new therapeutic targets. The Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 (AGTX2)-dependent pathway is a relatively recently discovered alternative pathway of dimethylarginine catabolism and its role on RA-related atherosclerotic disease is yet to be established. As factors affecting dimethylarginine concentrations linked to CVD risk and endothelial dysfunction are of prominent clinical relevance in RA, we present preliminary evidence that gene variants of AGTX-2 may influence dimethylarginine levels in RA patients and provide the rationale for larger studies in this field.
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Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030524. [PMID: 30823446 PMCID: PMC6470580 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome is reaching pandemic proportions worldwide, thus warranting an intensive search for novel preventive and treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified a number of soluble factors secreted by adipocytes and myocytes (adipo-/myokines), which link sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic roles of the recently discovered myokine β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. In addition to physical activity, the circulating levels of BAIBA are controlled by the mitochondrial enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), which is primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. Recent studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a “beige” phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, we discuss some of the proposed pathways. The reviewed data provide new insights into the connection between physical activity and energy metabolism and suggest that BAIBA might be a potential novel drug for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Rumsby
- Clinical Biochemistry, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Sally-Anne Hulton
- Department of Nephrology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ahmetaj-Shala B, Olanipekun M, Tesfai A, MacCallum N, Kirkby NS, Quinlan GJ, Shih CC, Kawai R, Mumby S, Paul-Clark M, Want EJ, Mitchell JA. Development of a novel UHPLC-MS/MS-based platform to quantify amines, amino acids and methylarginines for applications in human disease phenotyping. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13987. [PMID: 30228360 PMCID: PMC6143519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amine quantification is an important strategy in patient stratification and personalised medicine. This is because amines, including amino acids and methylarginines impact on many homeostatic processes. One important pathway regulated by amine levels is nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NOS is regulated by levels of (i) the substrate, arginine, (ii) amino acids which cycle with arginine and (iii) methylarginine inhibitors of NOS. However, biomarker research in this area is hindered by the lack of a unified analytical platform. Thus, the development of a common metabolomics platform, where a wide range of amino acids and methylarginines can be measured constitutes an important unmet need. Here we report a novel high-throughput ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) platform where ≈40 amine analytes, including arginine and methylarginines can be detected and quantified on a molar basis, in a single sample of human plasma. To validate the platform and to generate biomarkers, human plasma from a well-defined cohort of patients before and after coronary artery bypass surgery, who developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), were analysed. Bypass surgery with SIRS significantly altered 26 amine analytes, including arginine and ADMA. Consequently, pathway analysis revealed significant changes in a range of pathways including those associated with NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Olanipekun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BB, United Kingdom
| | - Abel Tesfai
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Niall MacCallum
- Critical Care, University College London Hospital, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Quinlan
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Chih-Chin Shih
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Ryota Kawai
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Respiratory, Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Paul-Clark
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Want
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Vascular Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
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35
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O'Sullivan JF, Morningstar JE, Yang Q, Zheng B, Gao Y, Jeanfavre S, Scott J, Fernandez C, Zheng H, O'Connor S, Cohen P, Vasan RS, Long MT, Wilson JG, Melander O, Wang TJ, Fox C, Peterson RT, Clish CB, Corey KE, Gerszten RE. Dimethylguanidino valeric acid is a marker of liver fat and predicts diabetes. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4394-4402. [PMID: 29083323 DOI: 10.1172/jci95995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbiased, "nontargeted" metabolite profiling techniques hold considerable promise for biomarker and pathway discovery, in spite of the lack of successful applications to human disease. By integrating nontargeted metabolomics, genetics, and detailed human phenotyping, we identified dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as an independent biomarker of CT-defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants. We verified the relationship between DMGV and early hepatic pathology. Specifically, plasma DMGV levels were correlated with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a hospital cohort of individuals undergoing gastric bypass surgery, and DMGV levels fell in parallel with improvements in post-procedure cardiometabolic parameters. Further, baseline DMGV levels independently predicted future diabetes up to 12 years before disease onset in 3 distinct human cohorts. Finally, we provide all metabolite peak data consisting of known and unidentified peaks, genetics, and key metabolic parameters as a publicly available resource for investigations in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F O'Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jordan E Morningstar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baohui Zheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Scott
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean O'Connor
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiology Division, Boston Medical Center, and
| | - Michelle T Long
- Gastroenterology Division, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center of Emergency Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Digenic mutations on SCAP and AGXT2 predispose to premature myocardial infarction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100141-100149. [PMID: 29245966 PMCID: PMC5725008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play a vital role in the pathogenesis of premature myocardial infarction (PMI). However, current studies explained only small amounts of genetic risk in MI. In this study, we started from a PMI pedigree with three MI patients occurred at the age of 43, 45 and 53 respectively. Sanger sequencing revealed 6 LDLR mutation carriers in the family, but only one was diagnosed with PMI, indicating that the LDLR mutation may not be the reason for PMI. Upon exome-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, two variants in SCAP and AGXT2 were identified as potential causative mutation for PMI. Further observation revealed that only patients that meet the diagnosis of PMI harbored two variants meantime, while other MI patients or members with no MI carried no more than one of the variants. Screening of the two genes in an independent PMI population identified another variant on SCAP (c.1403 T>C, p.Val468Ala), which was absent in 28, 000 east-Asian population. Further, the two variants on SCAP and AGXT2 were introduced into H293T and EA. hy926 cell lines respectively utilizing CRISPR-Cas9. Functional study revealed that the SCAP mutation impaired SCAP-SREBP feedback mechanism which may lead to a “constitutive activation” effect of cholesterol synthesis related genes, while the AGXT2 mutation reduced its aminotransferase activity leading to a down-regulation of NO production by ADMA accumulation. This study indicates that SCAP and AGXT2 are potential causative genes for PMI. Digenic mutation carriers may manifest a more severe phenotype, namely premature MI.
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Hu XL, Li MP, Song PY, Tang J, Chen XP. AGXT2: An unnegligible aminotransferase in cardiovascular and urinary systems. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 113:33-38. [PMID: 28970090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal impairment interact in a complex and interdependent manner, which makes clarification of possible pathogenesis between CVDs and renal diseases very challenging and important. There is increasing evidence showing that both asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) play a crucial role in the development of CVDs as well as in the prediction of cardiovascular events. Also, the plasma levels of ADMA and SDMA were reported to be significantly associated with renal function. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is reported to be involved in ADMA and SDMA metabolism, thus deficiency in the expression or activity of AGXT2 may play a part in the progression of cardiovascular or renal diseases through affecting ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we focused our attention on AGXT2 and discussed its potential impact on CVDs and renal diseases. Meanwhile, the review also summarized the functions and recent advances of AGXT2, as well as the clinical association studies of AGXT2 in cardiovascular and urinary systems, which might arouse the interest of researchers in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
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Konkoľová J, Chandoga J, Kováčik J, Repiský M, Kramarová V, Paučinová I, Böhmer D. Severe child form of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 - a case report revealing consequence of GRHPR deficiency on metabolism. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:59. [PMID: 28569194 PMCID: PMC5452357 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperoxaluria type 2 is a rare monogenic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It results from the absence of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR). As a consequence of deficient enzyme activity, excessive amounts of oxalate and L-glycerate are excreted in the urine, and are a source for the formation of calcium oxalate stones that result in recurrent nephrolithiasis and less frequently nephrocalcinosis. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 10-month-old patient diagnosed with urolithiasis. Screening of inborn errors of metabolism, including the performance of GC/MS urine organic acid profiling and HPLC amino acid profiling, showed abnormalities, which suggested deficiency of GRHPR enzyme. Additional metabolic disturbances observed in the patient led us to seek other genetic determinants and the elucidation of these findings. Besides the elevated excretion of 3-OH-butyrate, adipic acid, which are typical marks of ketosis, other metabolites such as 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acids were observed in increased amounts in the urine. Direct sequencing of the GRHPR gene revealed novel mutation, described for the first time in this article c.454dup (p.Thr152Asnfs*39) in homozygous form. The frequent nucleotide variants were found in AGXT2 gene. CONCLUSIONS The study presents metabolomic and molecular-genetic findings in a patient with PH2. Mutation analysis broadens the allelic spectrum of the GRHPR gene to include a novel c.454dup mutation that causes the truncation of the GRHPR protein and loss of its two functional domains. We also evaluated whether nucleotide variants in the AGXT2 gene could influence the biochemical profile in PH2 and the overproduction of metabolites, especially in ketosis. We suppose that some metabolomic changes might be explained by the inhibition of the MMSADH enzyme by metabolites that increase as a consequence of GRHPR and AGXT2 enzyme deficiency. Several facts support an assumption that catabolic conditions in our patient could worsen the degree of hyperoxaluria and glyceric aciduria as a consequence of the elevated production of free amino acids and their intermediary products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Konkoľová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics - Centre of Rare Genetic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Chandoga
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics - Centre of Rare Genetic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kováčik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Žilina, Vojtecha Spanyola 43, 012 07, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Marcel Repiský
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics - Centre of Rare Genetic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kramarová
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics - Centre of Rare Genetic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Paučinová
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Žilina, Vojtecha Spanyola 43, 012 07, Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Böhmer
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics - Centre of Rare Genetic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
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39
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Pandey K, Mizukami Y, Watanabe K, Sakaguti S, Kadokawa H. Deep sequencing of the transcriptome in the anterior pituitary of heifers before and after ovulation. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1003-1012. [PMID: 28442638 PMCID: PMC5487774 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine gene expression patterns in the anterior pituitary (AP) of heifers
before and after ovulation via deep sequencing of the transcriptome (RNA-seq) to identify
new genes and clarify important pathways. Heifers were slaughtered on the estrus day
(pre-ovulation; n=5) or 3 days after ovulation (post-ovulation; n=5) for AP collection. We
randomly selected 4 pre-ovulation and 4 post-ovulation APs, and the ribosomal RNA-depleted
poly (A)+RNA were prepared to assemble next-generation sequencing libraries. The bovine
APs expressed 12,769 annotated genes at pre- or post-ovulation. The sum of the reads per
kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (RPKM) values of all transcriptomes were
599,676 ± 38,913 and 668,209 ± 23,690, and 32.2 ± 2.6% and 44.0 ± 4.4% of these
corresponded to the AP hormones in the APs of pre- and post-ovulation heifers,
respectively. The bovine AP showed differential expression of 396 genes
(P<0.05) in the pre- and post-ovulation APs. The 396 genes included
two G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes (GPR61 and
GPR153) and those encoding 13 binding proteins. The AP also expressed
259 receptor and other 364 binding proteins. Moreover, ingenuity pathway analysis for the
396 genes revealed (P=2.4 × 10−3) a canonical pathway linking
GPCR to cytoskeleton reorganization, actin polymerization, microtubule growth, and gene
expression. Thus, the present study clarified the novel genes found to be differentially
expressed before and after ovulation and clarified an important pathway in the AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pandey
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Gene Research, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Syuiti Sakaguti
- Institute of Radioisotope Research and Education, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Dimitroulas T, Hodson J, Panoulas VF, Sandoo A, Smith J, Kitas G. Genetic variations in the alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) gene and dimethylarginines levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1133-1141. [PMID: 28357606 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with high rates of cardiovascular events mainly due to coronary and cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and have been repeatedly linked with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and various disease settings. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGTX2) is considered an alternative metabolic pathway contributing to the clearance of dimethylarginines in humans. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of specific AGXT-2 gene polymorphisms on circulating levels of ADMA or SDMA in patients with RA. Serum ADMA and SDMA levels were measured in 201 individuals with RA [median age: 67 years (IQR: 59-73), 155 females]. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AGXT-2 gene-rs37369 and rs28305-were genotyped. Distributions of SDMA and ADMA were skewed, hence comparisons across the gene polymorphisms were performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, and summarized using medians and interquartile ranges. Univariable analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference in the levels of SDMA or ADMA amongst the different genotypic groups of either rs37369AGXT2 (p = 0.800, 0.977) or rs28305AGXT2 (p = 0.463, 0.634). In multivariable analyses, ADMA levels were found to be significantly associated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate, whilst SDMA levels were significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. After adjustments for these factors, the relationship between the AGXT2 gene variants and both ADMA and SDMA remained non-significant. Our study in a well-characterized RA population did not show an association between serum concentrations of dimethylarginines and genetic variants of the AGXT2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS FT, Dudley, UK. .,4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Street, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - James Hodson
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Vasileios F Panoulas
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Aamer Sandoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS FT, Dudley, UK.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, George Building, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2PZ, Wales, UK
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS FT, Dudley, UK
| | - George Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Toxic Dimethylarginines: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030092. [PMID: 28272322 PMCID: PMC5371847 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed by post-translational modification and are uremic toxins that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and play multifunctional roles in many human diseases. Both ADMA and SDMA have emerged as strong predictors of cardiovascular events and death in a range of illnesses. Major progress has been made in research on ADMA-lowering therapies in animal studies; however, further studies are required to fill the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to treat human diseases related to elevated ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we review the reported impacts of ADMA and SDMA on human health and disease, focusing on the synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA; the pathophysiological roles of these dimethylarginines; clinical conditions and animal models associated with elevated ADMA and SDMA levels; and potential therapies against ADMA and SDMA. There is currently no specific pharmacological therapy for lowering the levels and counteracting the deleterious effects of ADMA and SDMA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of ADMA and SDMA on a wide range of human diseases is essential to the development of specific therapies against diseases related to ADMA and SDMA.
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Au Yeung SL, Lin SL, Lam HSHS, Schooling CM. Effect of l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine on ischemic heart disease risk: A Mendelian randomization study. Am Heart J 2016; 182:54-61. [PMID: 27914500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-arginine is a commonly consumed dietary conditional essential amino acid found in food items and supplements, which is closely related to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). l-arginine is thought to increase nitric oxide and be cardioprotective, whereas ADMA and SDMA may inhibit nitric oxide synthesis and increase cardiovascular disease risk. Unexpectedly, l-arginine increased mortality in a small trial. To clarify the effects of these potential targets of intervention, we assessed the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) by genetically determined l-arginine, ADMA, and SDMA. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to l-arginine, ADMA, and SDMA, at genome-wide significance, were applied to the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes-based genome-wide association study IHD case (n=60,801, ~70% myocardial infarction)-control (n=123,504) study. We obtained unconfounded estimates using instrumental variable analysis by combining the Wald estimators for each SNP, taking into account any correlation between SNPs using weighted generalized linear regression. RESULTS Higher l-arginine was associated with higher risk of IHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.18 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.03-1.36) and of myocardial infarction (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.51), based on 2 SNPs from MED23. Symmetric dimethylarginine had an OR of 1.07 per SD (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for IHD based on 5 SNPs from AGXT2. Asymmetric dimethylarginine had and OR of 1.08 per SD (95% CI 0.99-1.19) for IHD based on 4 SNPs from DDAH1. CONCLUSION l-arginine could possibly cause IHD. Given that l-arginine occurs in many common dietary items, investigation of its health effect is required.
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Morris SM. Arginine Metabolism Revisited. J Nutr 2016; 146:2579S-2586S. [PMID: 27934648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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A Novel Pathway for Metabolism of the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Homoarginine by alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35277. [PMID: 27752063 PMCID: PMC5082758 DOI: 10.1038/srep35277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low plasma concentrations of L-homoarginine are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, while homoarginine supplementation is protective in animal models of metabolic syndrome and stroke. Catabolism of homoarginine is still poorly understood. Based on the recent findings from a Genome Wide Association Study we hypothesized that homoarginine can be metabolized by alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2). We purified human AGXT2 from tissues of AGXT2 transgenic mice and demonstrated its ability to metabolize homoarginine to 6-guanidino-2-oxocaproic acid (GOCA). After incubation of HepG2 cells overexpressing AGXT2 with isotope-labeled homoarginine-d4 we were able to detect labeled GOCA in the medium. We injected wild type mice with labeled homoarginine and detected labeled GOCA in the plasma. We found that AGXT2 knockout (KO) mice have higher homoarginine and lower GOCA plasma levels as compared to wild type mice, while the reverse was true for AGXT2 transgenic (Tg) mice. In summary, we experimentally proved the presence of a new pathway of homoarginine catabolism – its transamination by AGXT2 with formation of GOCA and demonstrated that endogenous AGXT2 is required for maintenance of homoarginine levels in mice. Our findings may lead to development of novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular pathologies associated with homoarginine deficiency.
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45
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Caenorhabditis elegans AGXT-1 is a mitochondrial and temperature-adapted ortholog of peroxisomal human AGT1: New insights into between-species divergence in glyoxylate metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1195-1205. [PMID: 27179589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Blancquaert L, Baba SP, Kwiatkowski S, Stautemas J, Stegen S, Barbaresi S, Chung W, Boakye AA, Hoetker JD, Bhatnagar A, Delanghe J, Vanheel B, Veiga‐da‐Cunha M, Derave W, Everaert I. Carnosine and anserine homeostasis in skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by β-alanine transamination. J Physiol 2016; 594:4849-63. [PMID: 27062388 PMCID: PMC5009790 DOI: 10.1113/jp272050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Using recombinant DNA technology, the present study provides the first strong and direct evidence indicating that β-alanine is an efficient substrate for the mammalian transaminating enzymes 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and alanine-glyoxylate transaminase. The concentration of carnosine and anserine in murine skeletal and heart muscle depends on circulating availability of β-alanine, which is in turn controlled by degradation of β-alanine in liver and kidney. Chronic oral β-alanine supplementation is a popular ergogenic strategy in sports because it can increase the intracellular carnosine concentration and subsequently improve the performance of high-intensity exercises. The present study can partly explain why the β-alanine supplementation protocol is so inefficient, by demonstrating that exogenous β-alanine can be effectively routed toward oxidation. ABSTRACT The metabolic fate of orally ingested β-alanine is largely unknown. Chronic β-alanine supplementation is becoming increasingly popular for improving high-intensity exercise performance because it is the rate-limiting precursor of the dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) in muscle. However, only a small fraction (3-6%) of the ingested β-alanine is used for carnosine synthesis. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the putative contribution of two β-alanine transamination enzymes, namely 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase (GABA-T) and alanine-glyoxylate transaminase (AGXT2), to the homeostasis of carnosine and its methylated analogue anserine. We found that, when transfected into HEK293T cells, recombinant mouse and human GABA-T and AGXT2 are able to transaminate β-alanine efficiently. The reaction catalysed by GABA-T is inhibited by vigabatrin, whereas both GABA-T and AGXT2 activity is inhibited by aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Both GABA-T and AGXT2 are highly expressed in the mouse liver and kidney and the administration of the inhibitors effectively reduced their enzyme activity in liver (GABA-T for vigabatrin; GABA-T and AGXT2 for AOA). In vivo, injection of AOA in C57BL/6 mice placed on β-alanine (0.1% w/v in drinking water) for 2 weeks lead to a 3-fold increase in circulating β-alanine levels and to significantly higher levels of carnosine and anserine in skeletal muscle and heart. By contrast, specific inhibition of GABA-T by vigabatrin did not affect carnosine and anserine levels in either tissue. Collectively, these data demonstrate that homeostasis of carnosine and anserine in mammalian skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by circulating β-alanine levels, which are suppressed by hepatic and renal β-alanine transamination upon oral β-alanine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Shahid P. Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKTUSA
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistryde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Sanne Stegen
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Silvia Barbaresi
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Weiliang Chung
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Adjoa A. Boakye
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKTUSA
| | - J. David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKTUSA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity CenterDepartment of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKTUSA
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical ChemistryGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Bert Vanheel
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of PhysiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Maria Veiga‐da‐Cunha
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistryde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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47
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Proteomic analysis of changes in mitochondrial protein expression during peach fruit ripening and senescence. J Proteomics 2016; 147:197-211. [PMID: 27288903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ripening and senescence define the last step of fruit development, which directly affects its commercial value, and mitochondria play a crucial role in these processes. To better understand mitochondrial roles in maintaining and regulating metabolism in storage tissues, highly purified mitochondria were isolated from peach tissues (Prunus persica. cv. Xiahui-8) stored at 4°C and 25°C, respectively, and their proteome was conducted using the method of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Twenty-four (24) differentially expressed proteins (2-fold, p≤0.01) were identified out of more than 300 spots and were divided into six categories by PIR and Uniprot, including oxidative stress (34%), carbon metabolism (29%), respiratory chain (17%), amino acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis (8%), heat shock protein (4%), ion channels (4%). Proteins involved in antioxidative systems, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, ethanol fermentation were changed significantly in response to high temperature. Storage at 4°C dramatically delayed ripening and senescence processes by postponing the climacteric peak, slowing down carbon metabolism and degradation of cell structure. Besides, low temperature induced the expression of formate dehydrogenase and some amino acid metabolism proteins. Proteins classified in respiratory chain, ion channels showed high coherence with climacteric respiratory burst, and the antioxidative enzymes showed relatively important symptoms on ROS scavenging through orderly expressions. SIGNIFICANCE With the advent of proteomics and mass spectrometry (MS), it becomes possible to identify the specific functions of differentially abundant proteins in peach mitochondria. In the present study, a procedure to isolate mitochondria from peach fruits was established, and the mitochondrial proteome was systematically analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis procedures in combination with protein identification by mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins in peach mitochondria during different stages of peach fruit ripening and senescence were characterized. Our data provide a great deal of information likely to enhance the understanding of the mitochondrial function in peach ripening and senescent process during storage.
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48
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Seppälä I, Kleber ME, Bevan S, Lyytikäinen LP, Oksala N, Hernesniemi JA, Mäkelä KM, Rothwell PM, Sudlow C, Dichgans M, Mononen N, Vlachopoulou E, Sinisalo J, Delgado GE, Laaksonen R, Koskinen T, Scharnagl H, Kähönen M, Markus HS, März W, Lehtimäki T. Associations of functional alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 gene variants with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23207. [PMID: 26984639 PMCID: PMC4794714 DOI: 10.1038/srep23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and SDMA) impair nitric oxide bioavailability and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2) is the only enzyme capable of metabolizing both of the dimethylarginines. We hypothesized that two functional AGXT2 missense variants (rs37369, V140I; rs16899974, V498L) are associated with AF and its cardioembolic complications. Association analyses were conducted using 1,834 individulas with AF and 7,159 unaffected individuals from two coronary angiography cohorts and a cohort comprising patients undergoing clinical exercise testing. In coronary angiography patients without structural heart disease, the minor A allele of rs16899974 was associated with any AF (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.59-2.68), and with paroxysmal AF (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.44–2.74) and chronic AF (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.35–3.06) separately. We could not replicate the association with AF in the other two cohorts. However, the A allele of rs16899974 was nominally associated with ischemic stroke risk in the meta-analysis of WTCCC2 ischemic stroke cohorts (3,548 cases, 5,972 controls) and with earlier onset of first-ever ischemic stroke (360 cases) in the cohort of clinical exercise test patients. In conclusion, AGXT2 variations may be involved in the pathogenesis of AF and its age-related thromboembolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steve Bevan
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niku Oksala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi A Hernesniemi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences and Insititute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany &Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Efthymia Vlachopoulou
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Satakunta Central Hospital, Department of Surgery, Pori, Finland
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Han M, Yin H, Zou Y, Brock NL, Huang T, Deng Z, Chu Y, Lin S. An Acyl Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by an Epimerase MarH. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haixing Yin
- Sichuan
Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, 168 Huaguan
Road, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nelson L. Brock
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Sichuan
Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, 168 Huaguan
Road, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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50
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Gamboa JL, Pretorius M, Sprinkel KC, Brown NJ, Ikizler TA. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition increases ADMA concentration in patients on maintenance hemodialysis--a randomized cross-over study. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:167. [PMID: 26494370 PMCID: PMC4618919 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) contributes to endothelial dysfunction in ESRD. In the general population, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease ADMA levels, but no study has compared the effect of these drugs in patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods We evaluated the effect of 1-week treatment with ramipril (5 mg/d), valsartan (160 mg/d), and placebo on ADMA levels in 15 patients on MHD in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three x three cross-over study. Results We found that ADMA levels were increased at baseline and throughout the dialysis session during ramipril treatment (p < 0.001 compared to both, placebo and valsartan). Ramipril did not increase ADMA levels in a study of patients without ESRD, suggesting that factors related to ESRD or hemodialysis contribute to the ACE inhibitor-induced increase in ADMA. We have previously shown that ACE inhibition increases bradykinin (BK) levels during hemodialysis. We therefore evaluated the effect of bradykinin on ADMA production in A549 cells; a cell line that expresses BK receptors. Incubation with BK increased intracellular ADMA concentration through BK B2-receptor stimulation. Conclusion These data indicate that short-term ACE inhibition increases ADMA in patients on MHD whereas ARBs do not. In vitro studies further suggest that this may occur through BK-mediated increase in ADMA production during ACE inhibition. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00732069 August 6 2008 and NCT00607672 February 4 2008 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0162-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2222 Pierce Avenue, 561-B PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Mias Pretorius
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Katie C Sprinkel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2222 Pierce Avenue, 561-B PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2222 Pierce Avenue, 561-B PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - T Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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