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Lodovici A, Buoso S, Miras-Moreno B, Lucini L, Garcia-Perez P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Zanin L. Peculiarity of the early metabolomic response in tomato after urea, ammonium or nitrate supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108666. [PMID: 38723490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most applied in agriculture as fertilizer (as nitrate, Nit; ammonium, A; and/or urea, U, forms) and its availability strongly constrains the crop growth and yield. To investigate the early response (24 h) of N-deficient tomato plants to these three N forms, a physiological and molecular study was performed. In comparison to N-deficient plants, significant changes in the transcriptional, metabolomic and ionomic profiles were observed. As a probable consequence of N mobility in plants, a wide metabolic modulation occurred in old leaves rather than in young leaves. The metabolic profile of U and A-treated plants was more similar than Nit-treated plant profile, which in turn presented the lowest metabolic modulation with respect to N-deficient condition. Urea and A forms induced some changes at the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids and phytohormones. Interestingly, a specific up-regulation by U and down-regulation by A of carbon synthesis occurred in roots. Along with the gene expression, data suggest that the specific N form influences the activation of metabolic pathways for its assimilation (cytosolic GS/AS and/or plastidial GS/GOGAT cycle). Urea induced an up-concentration of Cu and Mn in leaves and Zn in whole plant. This study highlights a metabolic reprogramming depending on the N form applied, and it also provide evidence of a direct relationship between urea nutrition and Zn concentration. The understanding of the metabolic pathways activated by the different N forms represents a milestone in improving the efficiency of urea fertilization in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Lodovici
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Jené L, Munné-Bosch S. Hormonal involvement in boosting the vegetative vigour underlying caffeine-related improvements in lentil production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111856. [PMID: 37660891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) has some potential for its use as a biostimulant ingredient for boosting lentil production at suboptimal temperatures. However, some limitations to its use include its potential side effects as an emerging contaminant and the current lack of knowledge of its mechanism of action. Here, we aimed to study the mechanisms underlying improved lentil production upon caffeine application. Greenhouse-grown plants treated with caffeine (at 10-5 M, 10-4 M, and 10-3 M) were compared to an untreated, control treatment, and both reproductive and vegetative vigour were evaluated in parallel with endogenous foliar concentrations of phytohormones, including both stress and growth-related hormones. Results showed an enhanced lentil production at the highest caffeine concentration (10-3 M) which might be attributed, at least in part, to a greater vegetative vigour. The hormonal profiling revealed a dual effect. Firstly, there was a specific increase in jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in the short term, which may provide a priming effect. Secondly, abscisic acid (ABA) content kept at low levels and the active cytokinin (CK) isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) increased and persisted at high levels throughout the reproductive stage. Cytokinin-mediated effects on growth, and more specifically the high CK/ABA ratios in leaves, appeared to mediate caffeine-related effects in boosting vegetative vigour. In conclusion, caffeine emerges as a compelling alkaloid for integration into biostimulant formulations due to its favorable effect in boosting lentil production through an improvement of vegetative vigour. These outcomes appear to be modulated by phytohormones, most notably jasmonates, priming plants for improved performance under suboptimal temperatures, and cytokinins, alongside ABA and its associated ratios, collectively enhancing plant growth and reproductive vigour in challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Jené
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Buoso S, Lodovici A, Salvatori N, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Marroni F, Alberti G, Peressotti A, Pinton R, Zanin L. Nitrogen nutrition and xylem sap composition in Zea mays: effect of urea, ammonium and nitrate on ionomic and metabolic profiles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111825. [PMID: 37572967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants the communication between organs is mainly carried out via the xylem and phloem. The concentration and the molecular species of some phytohormones, assimilates and inorganic ions that are translocated in the xylem vessel play a key role in the systemic nutritional signaling in plants. In this work the composition of the xylem sap of maize was investigated at the metabolic and ionomic level depending on the N form available in the nutrient solution. Plants were grown up to 7 days in hydroponic system under N-free nutrient solution or nutrient solution containing N in form of nitrate, urea, ammonium or a combination of urea and ammonium. For the first time this work provides evidence that the ureic nutrition reduced the water translocation in maize plants more than mineral N forms. This result correlates with those obtained from the analyses of photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) suggesting a parsimonious use of water by maize plants under urea nutrition. A peculiar composition in amino acids and phytohormones (i.e. S, Gln, Pro, ABA) of the xylem sap under urea nutrition could explain differences in xylem sap exudation in comparison to plants treated with mineral N forms. The knowledge improvement of urea nutrition will allow to further perform good agronomic strategies to improve the resilience of maize crop to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Lodovici
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicole Salvatori
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo 35400, France
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo 35400, France
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Peressotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Asad MAU, Guan X, Zhou L, Qian Z, Yan Z, Cheng F. Involvement of plant signaling network and cell metabolic homeostasis in nitrogen deficiency-induced early leaf senescence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111855. [PMID: 37678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a basic building block that plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal plant growth and its metabolic functions through complex regulatory networks. Such the N metabolic network comprises a series of transcription factors (TFs), with the coordinated actions of phytohormone and sugar signaling to sustain cell homeostasis. The fluctuating N concentration in plant tissues alters the sensitivity of several signaling pathways to stressful environments and regulates the senescent-associated changes in cellular structure and metabolic process. Here, we review recent advances in the interaction between N assimilation and carbon metabolism in response to N deficiency and its regulation to the nutrient remobilization from source to sink during leaf senescence. The regulatory networks of N and sugar signaling for N deficiency-induced leaf senescence is further discussed to explain the effects of N deficiency on chloroplast disassembly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, asparagine metabolism, sugar transport, autophagy process, Ca2+ signaling, circadian clock response, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZRI), and other stress cell signaling. A comprehensive understanding for the metabolic mechanism and regulatory network underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence may provide a theoretical guide to optimize the source-sink relationship during grain filling for the achievement of high yield by a selection of crop cultivars with the properly prolonged lifespan of functional leaves and/or by appropriate agronomic managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang K, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zhang M, Bo Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Allelic variations of ClACO gene improve nitrogen uptake via ethylene-mediated root architecture in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:199. [PMID: 37624448 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClACO gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enabled highly efficient 15N uptake in watermelon. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient elements that play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and development for crop productivity. Elucidating the genetic basis of high nitrogen uptake is the key to improve nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agricultural productivity. Whereas previous researches on nitrogen absorption process are mainly focused on a few model plants or crops. To date, the causal genes that determine the efficient nitrogen uptake of watermelon have not been mapped and remains largely unknown. Here, we fine-mapped the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ClACO) gene associated with nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon via bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The variations in the ClACO gene led to the changes of gene expression levels between two watermelon accessions with different nitrogen uptake efficiencies. Intriguingly, in terms of the transcript abundance of ClACO, it was concomitant with significant differences in ethylene evolutions in roots and root architectures between the two accessions and among the different genotypic offsprings of the recombinant BC2F1(ZJU132)-18. These findings suggest that ethylene as a negative regulator altered nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon by controlling root development. In conclusion, our current study will provide valuable target gene for precise breeding of 'green' watermelon varieties with high-nitrogen uptake efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Yao X, Li H, Nie J, Liu H, Guo Y, Lv L, Yang Z, Sui X. Disruption of the amino acid transporter CsAAP2 inhibits auxin-mediated root development in cucumber. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37129077 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the principal mediators of organic nitrogen distribution within plants and are essential for plant growth and development. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been explored and elucidated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Here, a total of 86 amino acid transporter genes were identified in the cucumber genome. We further identified Amino Acid Permease (AAP) subfamily members that exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. We found that the CsAAP2 as a candidate gene encoding a functional amino acid transporter is highly expressed in cucumber root vascular cells. CsAAP2 knockout lines exhibited arrested development of root meristem, which then caused the delayed initiation of lateral root and the inhibition of root elongation. What is more, the shoot growth of aap2 mutants was strongly retarded due to defects in cucumber root development. Moreover, aap2 mutants exhibited higher concentrations of amino acids and lignin in roots. We found that the mutant roots had a stronger ability to acidize medium. Furthermore, in the aap2 mutants, polar auxin transport was disrupted in the root tip, leading to high auxin levels in roots. Interestingly, slightly alkaline media rescued their severely reduced root growth by stimulating auxin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hujian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Huang X, Rao G, Peng X, Xue Y, Hu H, Feng N, Zheng D. Effect of plant growth regulators DA-6 and COS on drought tolerance of pineapple through bromelain and oxidative stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:180. [PMID: 37020215 PMCID: PMC10074694 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to global warming, drought climates frequently occur on land, and despite being drought resistant, pineapples are still subjected to varying degrees of drought stress. Plant growth regulators can regulate the stress tolerance of plants through hormonal effects. This experiment aims to investigate the regulatory effects of different plant growth regulators on Tainong- 16 and MD-2 Pineapple when subjected to drought stress. RESULTS In this experiment, we examined the regulatory effects of two different plant growth regulators, sprayed on two pineapple varieties: MD-2 Pineapple and Tainong-16. The main component of T1 was diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) and that of T2 is chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). An environment similar to a natural drought was simulated in the drought stress treatments. Then, pineapples at different periods were sampled and a series of indicators were measured. The experimental results showed that the drought treatments treated with T1 and T2 plant growth regulators had a decrease in malondialdehyde, an increase in bromelain and antioxidant enzyme indicators, and an increase in phenotypic and yield indicators. CONCLUSION This experiment demonstrated that DA-6 and COS can enhance the drought resistance of pineapple plants to a certain extent through bromelain and oxidative stress. Therefore, DA-6 and COS have potential applications and this experiment lays the foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoKui Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - GangShun Rao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - XiaoDu Peng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - YingBin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - HanQiao Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - NaiJie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - DianFeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Liu C, Duan N, Chen X, Li X, Zhao N, Cao W, Li H, Liu B, Tan F, Zhao X, Li Q. Transcriptome Profiling and Chlorophyll Metabolic Pathway Analysis Reveal the Response of Nitraria tangutorum to Increased Nitrogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:895. [PMID: 36840241 PMCID: PMC9962214 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes that respond to increased nitrogen and assess the involvement of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway and associated regulatory mechanisms in these responses, Nitraria tangutorum seedlings were subjected to four nitrogen concentrations (N0, N6, N36, and N60: 0, 6, 36, and 60 mmol·L-1 nitrogen, respectively). The N. tangutorum seedling leaf transcriptome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 4000), and 332,420 transcripts and 276,423 unigenes were identified. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 4052 in N0 vs. N6, 6181 in N0 vs. N36, and 3937 in N0 vs. N60. Comparing N0 and N6, N0 and N36, and N0 and N60, we found 1101, 2222, and 1234 annotated DEGs in 113, 121, and 114 metabolic pathways, respectively, classified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Metabolic pathways with considerable accumulation were involved mainly in anthocyanin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. N36 increased δ-amino levulinic acid synthesis and upregulated expression of the magnesium chelatase H subunit, which promoted chlorophyll a synthesis. Hence, N36 stimulated chlorophyll synthesis rather than heme synthesis. These findings enrich our understanding of the N. tangutorum transcriptome and help us to research desert xerophytes' responses to increased nitrogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Na Duan
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xu Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Naqi Zhao
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Wenxu Cao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fengsen Tan
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
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9
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Wang Y, Xing J, Wan J, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Mi G, Chen L, Li Z, Zhang M. Auxin efflux carrier ZmPIN1a modulates auxin reallocation involved in nitrate-mediated root formation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36737696 PMCID: PMC9896688 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin plays a crucial role in nitrate (NO3-)-mediated root architecture, and it is still unclear that if NO3- supply modulates auxin reallocation for regulating root formation in maize (Zea mays L.). This study was conducted to investigate the role of auxin efflux carrier ZmPIN1a in the root formation in response to NO3- supply. RESULTS Low NO3- (LN) promoted primary root (PR) elongation, while repressed the development of lateral root primordia (LRP) and total root length. LN modulated auxin levels and polar transport and regulated the expression of auxin-responsive and -signaling genes in roots. Moreover, LN up-regulated the expression level of ZmPIN1a, and overexpression of ZmPIN1a enhanced IAA efflux and accumulation in PR tip, while repressed IAA accumulation in LRP initiation zone, which consequently induced LN-mediated PR elongation and LR inhibition. The inhibition rate of PR length, LRP density and number of ZmPIN1a-OE plants was higher than that of wild-type plants after auxin transport inhibitor NPA treatment under NN and LN conditions, and the degree of inhibition of root growth in ZmPIN1a-OE plants was more obvious under LN condition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ZmPIN1a was involved in modulating auxin levels and transport to alter NO3--mediated root formation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiapeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiachi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Luo T, Li CN, Yan R, Huang K, Li YR, Liu XY, Lakshmanan P. Physiological and molecular insights into the resilience of biological nitrogen fixation to applied nitrogen in Saccharum spontaneum, wild progenitor of sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1099701. [PMID: 36714748 PMCID: PMC9881415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1099701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for sugarcane cultivation is a significant cause of greenhouse gas emission. N use-efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane is relatively low, and considerable effort is now directed to exploit biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in sugarcane. We hypothesize that genetic base-broadening of sugarcane using high-BNF Saccharum spontaneum, a wild progenitor of sugarcane, will help develop N-efficient varieties. We found remarkable genetic variation for BNF and growth in S. spontaneum accessions, and BNF in some accessions remained highly resilient to inorganic N application. Physiological and molecular analyses of two S. spontaneum accessions with high-BNF capacity and growth, namely G152 and G3, grown under N replete and low N conditions showed considerable similarity for total N, NH4-N, soluble sugar, indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, zeatin and abscisic acid content; yet, they were strikingly different at molecular level. Global gene expression analysis of G152 and G3 grown under contrasting N supply showed genotype effect explaining much of the gene expression variation observed. Differential gene expression analysis found an over-representation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and transmembrane transport genes in G152 and an enrichment of lipid metabolism and single-organism processes genes in G3, suggesting that distinctly divergent metabolic strategies are driving N-related processes in these accessions. This was attested by the remarkable variation in carbon, N, amino acid and hormone metabolism-related gene expression in G152 and G3 under high- and low-N supply. We conclude that both accessions may be achieving similar BNF and growth phenotypes through overlapping but distinctly different biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Ning Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kejun Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugarcane Research Institute; Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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11
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The response of grain yield and ear differentiation related traits to nitrogen levels in maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14620. [PMID: 36028556 PMCID: PMC9418237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely distributed and important crops in China. Maize ear differentiation plays an important role grain yield formation. However, it is unclear if ear and root morphophysiology status affects yield formation by altering ear differentiation and development under different nitrogen (N) conditions. The aim of this study is to understand how the ear differentiation and development are affected by ear and root morphophysiology traits, as affected by the N rate. The experiment consisted of two N rates: high nitrogen (180 kg ha−1), and low nitrogen (60 kg ha−1). Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs) were grown in the field. The results showed higher nitrogen accumulation and grain yield in NEVs than in NIVs, which was mainly attributed to the increased N uptake by the larger root system under both N conditions. Under high N conditions, among ear differentiation-related traits, only FR was significantly positively correlated with grain yield, and NEVs ensure FR through higher N concentration and ZR content in ear at the fertilization stage. Under low N conditions, NEVs obtained higher FP, SR and FR through higher N concentration and IAA in ear at the early stage of ear differentiation, maintained lower AR and BTL by higher RA, R-ZR and E-ZR at the late stage of ear growth. These results suggest that NEVs have a more complex mechanism for obtaining higher grain yield under low N conditions than N sufficiency, and that phytohormones play an important role in this process.
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12
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García MJ, Angulo M, Lucena C, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968665. [PMID: 36035680 PMCID: PMC9412941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To cope with nutrient scarcity, plants generally follow two main complementary strategies. On the one hand, they can slow down growing, mainly shoot growth, to diminish the demand of nutrients. We can call this strategy as "stop growing." On the other hand, plants can develop different physiological and morphological responses, mainly in their roots, aimed to facilitate the acquisition of nutrients. We can call this second strategy as "searching for nutrients." Both strategies are compatible and can function simultaneously but the interconnection between them is not yet well-known. In relation to the "stop growing" strategy, it is known that the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) system is a central regulator of growth in response to nutrients in eukaryotic cells. TOR is a protein complex with kinase activity that promotes protein synthesis and growth while some SnRK (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-Related protein Kinases) and GCN (General Control Non-derepressible) kinases act antagonistically. It is also known that some SnRKs and GCNs are activated by nutrient deficiencies while TOR is active under nutrient sufficiency. In relation to the "searching for nutrients" strategy, it is known that the plant hormone ethylene participates in the activation of many nutrient deficiency responses. In this Mini Review, we discuss the possible role of ethylene as the hub connecting the "stop growing" strategy and the "searching for nutrients" strategy since very recent results also suggest a clear relationship of ethylene with the TOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Angulo
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Barłóg P, Grzebisz W, Łukowiak R. Fertilizers and Fertilization Strategies Mitigating Soil Factors Constraining Efficiency of Nitrogen in Plant Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1855. [PMID: 35890489 PMCID: PMC9319167 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) is a measure of the potential of an applied fertilizer to increase its impact on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N) present in the soil/plant system. The productivity of N depends on the supply of those nutrients in a well-defined stage of yield formation that are decisive for its uptake and utilization. Traditionally, plant nutritional status is evaluated by using chemical methods. However, nowadays, to correct fertilizer doses, the absorption and reflection of solar radiation is used. Fertilization efficiency can be increased not only by adjusting the fertilizer dose to the plant's requirements, but also by removing all of the soil factors that constrain nutrient uptake and their transport from soil to root surface. Among them, soil compaction and pH are relatively easy to correct. The goal of new the formulas of N fertilizers is to increase the availability of N by synchronization of its release with the plant demand. The aim of non-nitrogenous fertilizers is to increase the availability of nutrients that control the effectiveness of N present in the soil/plant system. A wide range of actions is required to reduce the amount of N which can pollute ecosystems adjacent to fields.
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14
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Auxin boosts energy generation pathways to fuel pollen maturation in barley. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1798-1811.e8. [PMID: 35316655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pollen grains become increasingly independent of the mother plant as they reach maturity through poorly understood developmental programs. We report that the hormone auxin is essential during barley pollen maturation to boost the expression of genes encoding almost every step of heterotrophic energy production pathways. Accordingly, auxin is necessary for the flux of sucrose and hexoses into glycolysis and to increase the levels of pyruvate and two tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle metabolites (citrate and succinate). Moreover, bioactive auxin is synthesized by the pollen-localized enzyme HvYUCCA4, supporting that pollen grains autonomously produce auxin to stimulate a specific cellular output, energy generation, that fuels maturation processes such as starch accumulation. Our results demonstrate that auxin can shift central carbon metabolism to drive plant cell development, which suggests a direct mechanism for auxin's ability to promote growth and differentiation.
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15
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Liu L, Zheng Y, Feng S, Yu L, Li Y, Zong Y, Chen W, Liao F, Yang L, Guo W. Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis Reveals the Responses to Auxin and Abscisic Acid Accumulation During Vaccinium corymbosum Flower Bud and Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818233. [PMID: 35242154 PMCID: PMC8886112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is reputed as a rich source of health-promoting phytonutrients, which contributes to its burgeoning consumer demand and production. However, blueberries are much smaller and have lower yields than most domesticated berries, and the inherent regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the cytological and physiological changes, as well as comparative transcriptomic analysis throughout flower and fruit development in the southern highbush blueberry cultivar 'O'Neal' were performed. 'O'Neal' hypanthium and fruit exhibited a distinctive cell proliferation pattern, and auxin accumulation was unusual throughout development, while abscisic acid (ABA) levels rapidly increased in association with anthocyanin accumulation, total phenolic reduction and fruit maturation. Transcriptomic data showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically expressed at each flower bud and fruit developmental stage. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed numerous DEGs that correlated with the cell numbers of outer mesocarp and columella, showed two distinctive expression patterns. Most of the DEGs involved in auxin biosynthesis, transportation and signal transduction were upregulated, and this upregulation was accompanied by cell expansion, and flower bud and fruit development. However, individual members of VcSAUR50 and VcIAA9 families might be insensitive to auxin, suggesting that these genes play a distinctive role in the growth and development of blueberry fruits. These results will support future research to better understand the flower and fruit development of southern highbush blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiji Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanglei Liao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Yang XY, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Feng LY, Li MX, Kang Q, Wang CQ, Yuan M, Chen YE, Tao Q, Lan T, Tang XY, Chen GD, Zeng J, Yuan S. Shade Avoidance 3 Mediates Crosstalk Between Shade and Nitrogen in Arabidopsis Leaf Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:800913. [PMID: 35095972 PMCID: PMC8792756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After nitrogen treatments, plant leaves become narrower and thicker, and the chlorophyll content increases. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these regulations remain unknown. Here, we found that the changes in leaf width and thickness were largely compromised in the shade avoidance 3 (sav3) mutant. The SAV3 gene encodes an amino-transferase in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. Thus, the crosstalk between shade and nitrogen in Arabidopsis leaf development was investigated. Both hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion promoted by the shade treatment were reduced by the high-N treatment; high-N-induced leaf narrowing and thickening were reduced by the shade treatment; and all of these developmental changes were largely compromised in the sav3 mutant. Shade treatment promoted SAV3 expression, while high-N treatment repressed SAV3 expression, which then increased or decreased auxin accumulation in cotyledons/leaves, respectively. SAV3 also regulates chlorophyll accumulation and nitrogen assimilation and thus may function as a master switch responsive to multiple environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qi Kang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Deng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Camut L, Gallova B, Jilli L, Sirlin-Josserand M, Carrera E, Sakvarelidze-Achard L, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Thomas SG, Hedden P, Phillips AL, Davière JM, Achard P. Nitrate signaling promotes plant growth by upregulating gibberellin biosynthesis and destabilization of DELLA proteins. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4971-4982.e4. [PMID: 34614391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate, one of the main nitrogen (N) sources for crops, acts as a nutrient and key signaling molecule coordinating gene expression, metabolism, and various growth processes throughout the plant life cycle. It is widely accepted that nitrate-triggered developmental programs cooperate with hormone synthesis and transport to finely adapt plant architecture to N availability. Here, we report that nitrate, acting through its signaling pathway, promotes growth in Arabidopsis and wheat, in part by modulating the accumulation of gibberellin (GA)-regulated DELLA growth repressors. We show that nitrate reduces the abundance of DELLAs by increasing GA contents through activation of GA metabolism gene expression. Consistently, the growth restraint conferred by nitrate deficiency is partially rescued in global-DELLA mutant that lacks all DELLAs. At the cellular level, we show that nitrate enhances both cell proliferation and elongation in a DELLA-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Our findings establish a connection between nitrate and GA signaling pathways that allow plants to adapt their growth to nitrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Camut
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbora Gallova
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Lucas Jilli
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Sirlin-Josserand
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephen G Thomas
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter Hedden
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew L Phillips
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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18
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Jing L, Marroni F, Pluchon S, Pinton R, Zanin L. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Zea mays fed with urea and ammonium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:935-953. [PMID: 34245168 PMCID: PMC8597056 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of different N-forms in the rhizosphere leads to beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) nutrition in plants. Although widely used as fertilizers, the occurrence of cross connection between urea and ammonium nutrition has been scarcely studied in plants. Maize fed with a mixture of urea and ammonium displayed a better N-uptake efficiency than ammonium- or urea-fed plants (Buoso et al., Plant Physiol Biochem, 2021a; 162: 613-623). Through multiomic approaches, we provide the molecular characterization of maize response to urea and ammonium nutrition. Several transporters and enzymes involved in N-nutrition were upregulated by all three N-treatments (urea, ammonium, or urea and ammonium). Already after 1 day of treatment, the availability of different N-forms induced specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. The combination of urea and ammonium induced a prompt assimilation of N, characterized by high levels of some amino acids in shoots. Moreover, ZmAMT1.1a, ZmGLN1;2, ZmGLN1;5, ZmGOT1, and ZmGOT3, as well transcripts involved in glycolysis-TCA cycle were induced in roots by urea and ammonium mixture. Depending on N-form, even changes in the composition of phytohormones were observed in maize. This study paves the way to formulate guidelines for the optimization of N fertilization to improve N-use efficiency in maize and therefore limit N-losses in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Lun Jing
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
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19
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Abiotic stress-by-competition interactions drive hormone and nutrient changes to regulate Suaeda salsa growth. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Fan X, Zhou X, Chen H, Tang M, Xie X. Cross-Talks Between Macro- and Micronutrient Uptake and Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663477. [PMID: 34721446 PMCID: PMC8555580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, land plants as sessile organisms are faced with multiple nutrient stresses that often occur simultaneously in soil. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are five of the essential nutrients that affect plant growth and health. Although these minerals are relatively inaccessible to plants due to their low solubility and relative immobilization, plants have adopted coping mechanisms for survival under multiple nutrient stress conditions. The double interactions between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe have long been recognized in plants at the physiological level. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying these cross-talks in plants remain poorly understood. This review preliminarily examined recent progress and current knowledge of the biochemical and physiological interactions between macro- and micro-mineral nutrients in plants and aimed to focus on the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe uptake and homeostasis in plants. More importantly, we further reviewed current studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe homeostasis to better understand how these nutrient interactions affect the mineral uptake and signaling in plants. This review serves as a basis for further studies on multiple nutrient stress signaling in plants. Overall, the development of an integrative study of multiple nutrient signaling cross-talks in plants will be of important biological significance and crucial to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Distinct responses of frond and root to increasing nutrient availability in a floating clonal plant. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258253. [PMID: 34634063 PMCID: PMC8504747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on responses of aquatic clonal plants to resource availability is largely based on studies manipulating limited resource levels, which may have failed to capture the “big picture” for aquatic clonal plants in response to resource availability. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew the floating clonal plant Spirodela polyrhiza under ten nutrient levels (i.e., 1/64×, 1/32×, 1/16×, 1/8×, 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8×full-strength Hoagland solution) and examined their responses in terms of clonal growth, morphology and biomass allocations. The responses of total biomass and number of ramets to nutrient availability were unimodal. A similar pattern was found for frond mass, frond length and frond width, even though area per frond and specific frond area fluctuated greatly in response to nutrient availability. In contrast, the responses of root mass and root length to nutrient availability were U-shaped. Moreover, S. polyrhiza invested more to roots under lower nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that nutrient availability may have distinct influences on roots and fronds of the aquatic clonal plant S. polyrhiza, resulting in a great influence on the whole S. polyrhiza population.
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22
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Chan C, Liao YY, Chiou TJ. The Impact of Phosphorus on Plant Immunity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:582-589. [PMID: 33399863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the second most essential macronutrient in terms of limiting plant growth. The genes involved in P acquisition, transport, storage, utilization and respective regulation have been extensively studied. In addition, significant attention has been given to the crosstalk between P and other environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries pertaining to the emerging function of P in plant immunity. The roles of external soil P availability, internal cellular P in plants, P starvation signaling machinery and phosphate transporters in biotic interactions are discussed. We also highlight the impact of several phytohormones on the signaling convergence between cellular P and immune responses. This information may serve as a foundation for dissecting the molecular interaction between nutrient responses and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Liao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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Gordiichuk P, Coleman S, Zhang G, Kuehne M, Lew TTS, Park M, Cui J, Brooks AM, Hudson K, Graziano AM, Marshall DJM, Karsan Z, Kennedy S, Strano MS. Augmenting the living plant mesophyll into a photonic capacitor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe9733. [PMID: 34516870 PMCID: PMC8442876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Living plants provide an opportunity to rethink the design and fabrication of devices ordinarily produced from plastic and circuit boards and ultimately disposed of as waste. The spongy mesophyll is a high -surface area composition of parenchyma cells that supports gas and liquid exchange through stomata pores within the surface of most leaves. Here, we investigate the mesophyll of living plants as biocompatible substrates for the photonic display of thin nanophosphorescent films for photonic applications. Size-sorted, silica-coated 650 ± 290 -nm strontium aluminate nanoparticles are infused into five diverse plant species with conformal display of 2-μm films on the mesophyll enabling photoemission of up to 4.8 × 1013 photons/second. Chlorophyll measurements over 9 days and functional testing over 2 weeks at 2016 excitation/emission cycles confirm biocompatibility. This work establishes methods to transform living plants into photonic substrates for applications in plant-based reflectance devices, signaling, and the augmentation of plant-based lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Sarah Coleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Tedrick T. S. Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Jianqiao Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Allan M. Brooks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Karaghen Hudson
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Anne M. Graziano
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Daniel J. M. Marshall
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Zain Karsan
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Sheila Kennedy
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
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Xin W, Liu H, Zhao H, Wang J, Zheng H, Jia Y, Yang L, Wang X, Li J, Li X, Lei L, Zou D. The Response of Grain Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Traits to Nitrogen Levels in Paddy Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713814. [PMID: 34531885 PMCID: PMC8439581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N uptake on grain yield to clarify the relationships between root morphophysiological traits and N uptake, and to understand relation between phytohormones and root morphophysiological traits. Two N-efficient absorption cultivars (NEAs) and two N-inefficient absorption cultivars (NIAs) were grown in the field, and three N conditions, deficient N (60 kg ha-1), intermediate N (180 kg ha-1), and sufficient N (240 kg ha-1), were applied during the growing season. The results showed higher dry matter and grain yield in NEAs than in NIAs, which was mainly attributed to increased N uptake in the mid- and late growth stages under all N conditions. And NEAs have different root regulation methods to obtain higher N accumulation and yield under different N supply conditions. Under lower N conditions, compared with NIAs, NEAs shown greater total root length, root oxidation activity, and root active absorbing surface area and smaller root diameter owing to higher indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin content and lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in the early growth stages to respond to low N stress faster, laying a morphophysiological basis for its high N-uptake capacity in the mid- and late growth stages. Under higher N conditions, NEAs had higher root oxidation activity and root active absorbing surface area for N uptake and yield formation owing to higher abscisic acid and cytokinin content in the mid- and late growth stages, which improved the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the rice grain yield. These results suggest that NEAs can optimize the morphophysiological characteristics of roots through phytohormone regulation to adapt to different nutrient conditions, thereby promoting N accumulation and yield formation in rice.
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25
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Gibberellins Inhibit Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Promote Nitrogen Metabolism in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179291. [PMID: 34502200 PMCID: PMC8431309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs) are diterpenoid plant hormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control various aspects of growth and development. Although GA biosynthesis has been intensively studied, the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by GAs have remained largely unexplored. We investigated Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of Medicago truncatula with a dwarf phenotype by forward and reverse genetics screening and phylogenetic, molecular, biochemical, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Three Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of the gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 gene (GA3ox1) with a dwarf phenotype were identified, in which the synthesis of GAs (GA3 and GA4) was inhibited. Phenotypic analysis revealed that plant height, root and petiole length of ga3ox1 mutants were shorter than those of the wild type (Medicago truncatula ecotype R108). Leaf size was also much smaller in ga3ox1 mutants than that in wild-type R108, which is probably due to cell-size diminution instead of a decrease in cell number. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of ga3ox1/R108 leaves revealed that in the ga3ox1 mutant, flavonoid isoflavonoid biosynthesis was significantly up-regulated, while nitrogen metabolism was down-regulated. Additionally, we further demonstrated that flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis was induced by prohexadione calcium, an inhibitor of GA3ox enzyme, and inhibited by exogenous GA3. In contrast, nitrogen metabolism was promoted by exogenous GA3 but inhibited by prohexadione calcium. The results of this study further demonstrated that GAs play critical roles in positively regulating nitrogen metabolism and transport and negatively regulating flavonoid biosynthesis through GA-mediated signaling pathways in leaves.
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Vega A, Fredes I, O'Brien J, Shen Z, Ötvös K, Abualia R, Benkova E, Briggs SP, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate triggered phosphoproteome changes and a PIN2 phosphosite modulating root system architecture. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51813. [PMID: 34357701 PMCID: PMC8447600 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate commands genome‐wide gene expression changes that impact metabolism, physiology, plant growth, and development. In an effort to identify new components involved in nitrate responses in plants, we analyze the Arabidopsis thaliana root phosphoproteome in response to nitrate treatments via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. 176 phosphoproteins show significant changes at 5 or 20 min after nitrate treatments. Proteins identified by 5 min include signaling components such as kinases or transcription factors. In contrast, by 20 min, proteins identified were associated with transporter activity or hormone metabolism functions, among others. The phosphorylation profile of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1 (NRT1.1) mutant plants was significantly altered as compared to wild‐type plants, confirming its key role in nitrate signaling pathways that involves phosphorylation changes. Integrative bioinformatics analysis highlights auxin transport as an important mechanism modulated by nitrate signaling at the post‐translational level. We validated a new phosphorylation site in PIN2 and provide evidence that it functions in primary and lateral root growth responses to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vega
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Fredes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - José O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhouxin Shen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego. San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.,Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rashed Abualia
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Steven P Briggs
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego. San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Lal SK, Bishi SK, Singh AK. Phytohormone signalling and cross-talk to alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1331-1343. [PMID: 34086069 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most abundant metals in earth crust, which becomes toxic to the plants growing in acidic soil. Phytohormones like ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are known to play important role in regulating Al toxicity tolerance in plants. Exogenous applications of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid have shown significant effect on Al-induced root growth inhibition. Moreover, ethylene and cytokinin act synergistically with auxin in responding against Al toxicity. A number of studies showed that phytohormones play vital roles in controlling root responses to Al toxicity by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, cell wall modifications, organic acid exudation from roots and expression of Al responsive genes and transcription factors. This review provides a summary of recent studies related to involvement of phytohormone signalling and cross-talk with other pathways in regulating response against Al toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bishi
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
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28
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Xu J, Wang JJ, Xue HW, Zhang GH. Leaf direction: Lamina joint development and environmental responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2441-2454. [PMID: 33866581 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture plays a major role in canopy photosynthesis and biomass production, and plants adjust their growth (and thus architecture) in response to changing environments. Leaf angle is one of the most important traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant architecture, because leaf angle strongly affects leaf direction and rice production, with more-erect leaves being advantageous for high-density plantings. The degree of leaf bending depends on the morphology of the lamina joint, which connects the leaf and the sheath. In this review, we discuss cell morphology in different lamina joint tissues and describe the underlying genetic network that governs this morphology and thus regulates leaf direction. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanism by how environmental factors influence rice leaf angle. Our review provides a theoretical framework for the future genetic improvement of rice leaf orientation and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Singh A. Expression dynamics indicate the role of Jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway in regulating macronutrient (N, P and K +) deficiency tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1495-1512. [PMID: 34089089 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Expression pattern indicates that JA biosynthesis pathway via regulating JA levels might control root system architecture to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and N, P, K+ deficiency tolerance in rice. Deficiencies of macronutrients (N, P and K+) and consequent excessive use of fertilizers have dramatically reduced soil fertility. It calls for development of nutrient use efficient plants. Plants combat nutrient deficiencies by altering their root system architecture (RSA) to enhance the acquisition of nutrients from the soil. Amongst various phytohormones, Jasmonic acid (JA) is known to regulate plant root growth and modulate RSA. Therefore, to understand the role of JA in macronutrient deficiency in rice, expression pattern of JA biosynthesis genes was analyzed under N, P and K+ deficiencies. Several members belonging to different families of JA biosynthesis genes (PLA1, LOX, AOS, AOC, OPR, ACX and JAR1) showed differential expression exclusively in one nutrient deficiency or in multiple nutrient deficiencies. Expression analysis during developmental stages showed that several genes expressed significantly in vegetative tissues, particularly in root. In addition, JA biosynthesis genes were found to have significant expression under the treatment of different phytohormones, including Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), JA and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold. Analysis of promoters of these genes revealed various cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone response, plant development and abiotic stresses. These findings suggest that JA biosynthesis pathway by regulating the level of JA might control the RSA thus, it may help rice plant in combating macronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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30
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Wang Y, Duran HGS, van Haarst JC, Schijlen EGWM, Ruyter-Spira C, Medema MH, Dong L, Bouwmeester HJ. The role of strigolactones in P deficiency induced transcriptional changes in tomato roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:349. [PMID: 34301182 PMCID: PMC8299696 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Upon P shortage, plant responds with massive reprogramming of transcription, the Phosphate Starvation Response (PSR). In parallel, the production of strigolactones (SLs)-a class of plant hormones that regulates plant development and rhizosphere signaling molecules-increases. It is unclear, however, what the functional link is between these two processes. In this study, using tomato as a model, RNAseq was used to evaluate the time-resolved changes in gene expression in the roots upon P starvation and, using a tomato CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASES 8 (CCD8) RNAi line, what the role of SLs is in this. RESULTS Gene ontology (GO)-term enrichment and KEGG analysis of the genes regulated by P starvation and P replenishment revealed that metabolism is an important component of the P starvation response that is aimed at P homeostasis, with large changes occurring in glyco-and galactolipid and carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids and polyketides, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. In the CCD8 RNAi line about 96% of the PSR genes was less affected than in wild-type (WT) tomato. For example, phospholipid biosynthesis was suppressed by P starvation, while the degradation of phospholipids and biosynthesis of substitute lipids such as sulfolipids and galactolipids were induced by P starvation. Around two thirds of the corresponding transcriptional changes depend on the presence of SLs. Other biosynthesis pathways are also reprogrammed under P starvation, such as phenylpropanoid and carotenoid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA, lysine and alkaloids, and this also partially depends on SLs. Additionally, some plant hormone biosynthetic pathways were affected by P starvation and also here, SLs are required for many of the changes (more than two thirds for Gibberellins and around one third for Abscisic acid) in the gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that SLs are not just the end product of the PSR in plants (the signals secreted by plants into the rhizosphere), but also play a major role in the regulation of the PSR (as plant hormone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C van Haarst
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elio G W M Schijlen
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Ren YR, Zhao Q, Yang YY, Zhang R, Wang XF, Zhang TE, You CX, Huo HQ, Hao YJ. Interaction of BTB-TAZ protein MdBT2 and DELLA protein MdRGL3a regulates nitrate-mediated plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:750-766. [PMID: 33764451 PMCID: PMC8154073 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate acts as a vital signal molecule in the modulation of plant growth and development. The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) is also involved in this process. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how nitrate and GA signaling pathway work together in regulating plant growth remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that a nitrate-responsive BTB/TAZ protein MdBT2 participates in regulating nitrate-induced plant growth in apple (Malus × domestica). Yeast two-hybridization, protein pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that MdBT2 interacts with a DELLA protein MdRGL3a, which is required for the ubiquitination and degradation of MdRGL3a proteins via a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MdBT2 partially rescued growth inhibition caused by overexpression of MdRGL3a in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings indicate that MdBT2 promotes nitrate-induced plant growth partially through reducing the abundance of the DELLA protein MdRGL3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - He-Qiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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32
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Gautrat P, Laffont C, Frugier F, Ruffel S. Nitrogen Systemic Signaling: From Symbiotic Nodulation to Root Acquisition. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:392-406. [PMID: 33358560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots and shoots to ensure their integration at the whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both by the root import of mineral N and, in legume plants, through atmospheric N fixation by symbiotic bacteria inside dedicated root nodules. We explore features conserved between systemic pathways repressing or enhancing symbiotic N fixation and the regulation of mineral N acquisition by roots, as well as their integration with other environmental factors, such as phosphate, light, and CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gautrat
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carole Laffont
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences - Paris Saclay), CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris-Diderot, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAe, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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Shi J, Tong Y. TaLAMP1 Plays Key Roles in Plant Architecture and Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:598015. [PMID: 33505409 PMCID: PMC7832495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms in wheat response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer will help us to breed wheat varieties with improved yield and N use efficiency. Here, we cloned TaLAMP1-3A, -3B, and -3D, which were upregulated in roots and shoots of wheat by low N availability. In a hydroponic culture, lateral root length and N uptake were decreased in both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 at the seedling stage. In the field experiment with normal N supply, the grain yield of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B is significantly reduced (14.5%), and the knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly reduced (15.5%). The grain number per spike of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B was significantly increased (7.2%), but the spike number was significantly reduced (19.2%) compared with wild type (WT), although the grain number per spike of knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly decreased (15.3%), with no difference in the spike number compared with WT. Combined with the agronomic data from the field experiment of normal N and low N, both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 inhibited yield response to N fertilizer. Overexpressing TaLAMP1-3B greatly increased grain N concentration with no significant detrimental effect on grain yield under low N conditions; TaLAMP1-3 B is therefore valuable in engineering wheat for low input agriculture. These results suggested that TaLAMP1 is critical for wheat adaptation to N availability and in shaping plant architecture by regulating spike number per plant and grain number per spike. Optimizing TaLAMP1 expression may facilitate wheat breeding with improved yield, grain N concentration, and yield responses to N fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Mohapatra T. Interaction Between Macro- and Micro-Nutrients in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665583. [PMID: 34040623 PMCID: PMC8141648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are some of the vital nutrients required for optimum growth, development, and productivity of plants. The deficiency of any of these nutrients may lead to defects in plant growth and decreased productivity. Plant responses to the deficiency of N, P, S, Fe, or Zn have been studied mainly as a separate event, and only a few reports discuss the molecular basis of biological interaction among the nutrients. Macro-nutrients like N, P, and/or S not only show the interacting pathways for each other but also affect micro-nutrient pathways. Limited reports are available on the investigation of two-by-two or multi-level nutrient interactions in plants. Such studies on the nutrient interaction pathways suggest that an MYB-like transcription factor, phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1), acts as a master regulator of N, P, S, Fe, and Zn homeostasis. Similarly, light-responsive transcription factors were identified to be involved in modulating nutrient responses in Arabidopsis. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how plants coordinate the acquisition, transport, signaling, and interacting pathways for N, P, S, Fe, and Zn nutrition at the molecular level. Identification of the important candidate genes for interactions between N, P, S, Fe, and/or Zn metabolic pathways might be useful for the breeders to improve nutrient use efficiency and yield/quality of crop plants. Integrated studies on pathways interactions/cross-talks between macro- and micro-nutrients in the agronomically important crop plants would be essential for sustainable agriculture around the globe, particularly under the changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Suresh Kumar, ; , orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-3079
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Baslam M, Mitsui T, Sueyoshi K, Ohyama T. Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E318. [PMID: 33396811 PMCID: PMC7795015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in plants. The shoots and roots depend on each other by exchanging C and N through the xylem and phloem transport systems. Complex mechanisms regulate C and N metabolism to optimize plant growth, agricultural crop production, and maintenance of the agroecosystem. In this paper, we cover the recent advances in understanding C and N metabolism, regulation, and transport in plants, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of starch metabolism in plastids and the changes in responses to environmental stress that were previously overlooked, since these changes provide an essential store of C that fuels plant metabolism and growth. We present general insights into the system biology approaches that have expanded our understanding of core biological questions related to C and N metabolism. Finally, this review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the trade-off concept that links C and N status to the plant's response to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (M.B.); (T.M.)
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Yang K, Gong XL, Li GC, Huang LQ, Ning C, Wang CZ. A gustatory receptor tuned to the steroid plant hormone brassinolide in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). eLife 2020; 9:64114. [PMID: 33305735 PMCID: PMC7806260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding and oviposition deterrents help phytophagous insects to identify host plants. The taste organs of phytophagous insects contain bitter gustatory receptors (GRs). To explore their function, the GRs in Plutella xylostella were analyzed. Through RNA sequencing and qPCR, we detected abundant PxylGr34 transcripts in the larval head and adult antennae. Functional analyses using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and 24 diverse phytochemicals showed that PxylGr34 is tuned to the canonical plant hormones brassinolide (BL) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL). Electrophysiological analyses revealed that the medial sensilla styloconica of 4th instar larvae are responsive to BL and EBL. Dual-choice bioassays demonstrated that BL inhibits larval feeding and female oviposition. Knock-down of PxylGr34 by RNAi attenuates the taste responses to BL, and abolishes BL-induced feeding inhibition. These results increase our understanding of how herbivorous insects detect compounds that deter feeding and oviposition, and may be useful for designing plant hormone-based pest management strategies. Plant-eating insects use their sense of taste to decide where to feed and where to lay their eggs. They do this using taste sensors called gustatory receptors which reside in the antennae and legs of adults, and in the mouthparts of larvae. Some of these sensors detect sugars which signal to the insect that the plant is a nutritious source of food. While others detect bitter compounds, such as poisons released by plants in self-defense. One of the most widespread plant-eating insects is the diamondback moth, which feeds and lays its eggs on cruciferous vegetable crops, like cabbage, oilseed rape and broccoli. Before laying its eggs, female diamondback moths pat the vegetable’s leaves with their antennae, tasting for the presence of chemicals. But little was known about the identity of these chemicals. Cabbages produce large amounts of a hormone called brassinolide, which is known to play a role in plant growth. To find out whether diamondback moths can taste this hormone, Yang et al. examined all their known gustatory receptors. This revealed that the adult antennae and larval mouthparts of these moths make high levels of a receptor called PxylGr34. To investigate the role of PxylGr34, Yang et al. genetically modified frog eggs to produce this receptor. Various tests on these receptors, as well as receptors in the mouthparts of diamondback larvae, showed that PxylGr34 is able to sense the hormone brassinolide. To find out how this affects the behavior of the moths, Yang et al. investigated how adults and larvae responded to different levels of the hormone. This revealed that the presence of brassinolide significantly decreased both larval feeding and the amount of eggs laid by adult moths. Farmers already use brassinolide to enhance plant growth and protect crops from stress. These results suggest that the hormone might also help to shield plants from insect damage. However, more research is needed to understand how this hormone acts as a deterrent. Further studies could improve understanding of insect behavior and potentially identify more chemicals that can be used for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Lin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Qiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lee WJ, Truong HA, Trịnh CS, Kim JH, Lee S, Hong SW, Lee H. NITROGEN RESPONSE DEFICIENCY 1-mediated CHL1 induction contributes to optimized growth performance during altered nitrate availability in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1382-1398. [PMID: 33048402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants cannot fix nitrogen directly; they must absorb it from the soil through their roots, or in rare cases, form associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The efficiency of nitrogen use in most domesticated crops is low, and more than half of the available nitrogen in the soil can leach into the environment. Understanding the nitrogen signaling pathways is essential for maximizing the efficiency of nitrogen use in crops. In the present study, we characterized the Myeloblastosis (Myb)-like gene NITROGEN RESPONSE DEFICIENCY 1 (NID1). We observed that the growth performance of nid1 knockout (KO) mutant Arabidopsis plants was better than that of wild-type Col-0 plants under very low-nitrate conditions, leading to improved growth performance in the nid1 KO plants. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NID1 binds to the promoter of the NITRATE TRANSPORTER (NRT)1.1 gene. Furthermore, nid1 KO plants exhibited similar growth performance to the nid1 KO/chl1-5 (nrt1.1 KO) double mutant and chl1-5 (nrt1.1 KO) plants in response to low-nitrate conditions. We suggest that NID1 plays a crucial role as a transcription factor in optimizing plant growth by modulating the transcript abundance of the nitrate transceptor CHL1, leading to enhanced ABA accumulation in low-nitrate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won J Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai A Truong
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cao S Trịnh
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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38
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Extensive signal integration by the phytohormone protein network. Nature 2020; 583:271-276. [PMID: 32612234 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant hormones coordinate responses to environmental cues with developmental programs1, and are fundamental for stress resilience and agronomic yield2. The core signalling pathways underlying the effects of phytohormones have been elucidated by genetic screens and hypothesis-driven approaches, and extended by interactome studies of select pathways3. However, fundamental questions remain about how information from different pathways is integrated. Genetically, most phenotypes seem to be regulated by several hormones, but transcriptional profiling suggests that hormones trigger largely exclusive transcriptional programs4. We hypothesized that protein-protein interactions have an important role in phytohormone signal integration. Here, we experimentally generated a systems-level map of the Arabidopsis phytohormone signalling network, consisting of more than 2,000 binary protein-protein interactions. In the highly interconnected network, we identify pathway communities and hundreds of previously unknown pathway contacts that represent potential points of crosstalk. Functional validation of candidates in seven hormone pathways reveals new functions for 74% of tested proteins in 84% of candidate interactions, and indicates that a large majority of signalling proteins function pleiotropically in several pathways. Moreover, we identify several hundred largely small-molecule-dependent interactions of hormone receptors. Comparison with previous reports suggests that noncanonical and nontranscription-mediated receptor signalling is more common than hitherto appreciated.
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Hu S, Zhang M, Yang Y, Xuan W, Zou Z, Arkorful E, Chen Y, Ma Q, Jeyaraj A, Chen X, Li X. A novel insight into nitrogen and auxin signaling in lateral root formation in tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:232. [PMID: 32448156 PMCID: PMC7247184 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. In tea, lateral roots (LRs) are the main organ responsible for the absorption of moisture and mineral nutrients from the soil. Lateral roots formation and development are regulated by the nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways. In order to understand the role of auxin and nitrogen signaling in LRs formation and development, transcriptome analysis was employed to investigate the differentially expressed genes involved in lateral roots of tea plants treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), low and high concentrations of nitrogen. RESULTS A total of 296 common differentially expressed genes were identified and annotated to four signaling pathways, including nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism and transcription factors. RNA-sequencing results revealed that majority of differentially expressed genes play important roles in nitrogen metabolism and hormonal signal transduction. Low nitrogen condition induced the biosynthesis of auxin and accumulation of transcripts, thereby, regulating lateral roots formation. Furthermore, metabolism of cytokinin and ethylene biosynthesis were also involved in lateral roots development. Transcription factors like MYB genes also contributed to lateral roots formation of tea plants through secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) results showed that the auxin concentration increased with the decreased nitrogen level in lateral roots. Thus, tea plant lateral roots formation could be induced by low nitrogen concentration via auxin biosynthesis and accumulation. CONCLUSION This study provided insights into the mechanisms associated with nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways in LRs formation and provides information on the efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea plant at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkai Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Arkorful
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingping Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Anburaj Jeyaraj
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Hurný A, Cuesta C, Cavallari N, Ötvös K, Duclercq J, Dokládal L, Montesinos JC, Gallemí M, Semerádová H, Rauter T, Stenzel I, Persiau G, Benade F, Bhalearo R, Sýkorová E, Gorzsás A, Sechet J, Mouille G, Heilmann I, De Jaeger G, Ludwig-Müller J, Benková E. SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 positively regulates growth and attenuates soil pathogen resistance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2170. [PMID: 32358503 PMCID: PMC7195429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants as non-mobile organisms constantly integrate varying environmental signals to flexibly adapt their growth and development. Local fluctuations in water and nutrient availability, sudden changes in temperature or other abiotic and biotic stresses can trigger changes in the growth of plant organs. Multiple mutually interconnected hormonal signaling cascades act as essential endogenous translators of these exogenous signals in the adaptive responses of plants. Although the molecular backbones of hormone transduction pathways have been identified, the mechanisms underlying their interactions are largely unknown. Here, using genome wide transcriptome profiling we identify an auxin and cytokinin cross-talk component; SYNERGISTIC ON AUXIN AND CYTOKININ 1 (SYAC1), whose expression in roots is strictly dependent on both of these hormonal pathways. We show that SYAC1 is a regulator of secretory pathway, whose enhanced activity interferes with deposition of cell wall components and can fine-tune organ growth and sensitivity to soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hurný
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Krisztina Ötvös
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jerome Duclercq
- Unité 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN UMR CNRS 7058 CNRS), Université du Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Ladislav Dokládal
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marçal Gallemí
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hana Semerádová
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Rauter
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freia Benade
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rishikesh Bhalearo
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Sýkorová
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - András Gorzsás
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Conesa CM, Saez A, Navarro-Neila S, de Lorenzo L, Hunt AG, Sepúlveda EB, Baigorri R, Garcia-Mina JM, Zamarreño AM, Sacristán S, del Pozo JC. Alternative Polyadenylation and Salicylic Acid Modulate Root Responses to Low Nitrogen Availability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E251. [PMID: 32079121 PMCID: PMC7076428 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is probably the most important macronutrient and its scarcity limits plant growth, development and fitness. N starvation response has been largely studied by transcriptomic analyses, but little is known about the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in such response. In this work, we show that N starvation modifies poly(A) usage in a large number of transcripts, some of them mediated by FIP1, a component of the polyadenylation machinery. Interestingly, the number of mRNAs isoforms with poly(A) tags located in protein-coding regions or 5'-UTRs significantly increases in response to N starvation. The set of genes affected by APA in response to N deficiency is enriched in N-metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes, response to stresses, and hormone responses, among others. A hormone profile analysis shows that the levels of salicylic acid (SA), a phytohormone that reduces nitrate accumulation and root growth, increase significantly upon N starvation. Meta-analyses of APA-affected and fip1-2-deregulated genes indicate a connection between the nitrogen starvation response and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Genetic analyses show that SA may be important for preventing the overgrowth of the root system in low N environments. This work provides new insights on how plants interconnect different pathways, such as defense-related hormonal signaling and the regulation of genomic information by APA, to fine-tune the response to low N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Conesa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Polictécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angela Saez
- DTD Development and Technical Department, Timac Agro Spain, 31580 Lodosa, Navarra, Spain; (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
| | - Laura de Lorenzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA; (L.d.L.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Arthur G. Hunt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA; (L.d.L.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Edgar B. Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería CINVESTAV Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Baigorri
- DTD Development and Technical Department, Timac Agro Spain, 31580 Lodosa, Navarra, Spain; (A.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Jose M. Garcia-Mina
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (J.M.G.-M.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Angel M. Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (J.M.G.-M.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Polictécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan C. del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.C.); (S.N.-N.)
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Kroll CK, Brenner WG. Cytokinin Signaling Downstream of the His-Asp Phosphorelay Network: Cytokinin-Regulated Genes and Their Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604489. [PMID: 33329676 PMCID: PMC7718014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone cytokinin, existing in several molecular forms, is perceived by membrane-localized histidine kinases. The signal is transduced to transcription factors of the type-B response regulator family localized in the nucleus by a multi-step histidine-aspartate phosphorelay network employing histidine phosphotransmitters as shuttle proteins across the nuclear envelope. The type-B response regulators activate a number of primary response genes, some of which trigger in turn further signaling events and the expression of secondary response genes. Most genes activated in both rounds of transcription were identified with high confidence using different transcriptomic toolkits and meta analyses of multiple individual published datasets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing knowledge about the primary and secondary cytokinin response genes in order to try connecting gene expression with the multitude of effects that cytokinin exerts within the plant body and throughout the lifespan of a plant.
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Yoneyama K, Xie X, Nomura T, Yoneyama K. Do Phosphate and Cytokinin Interact to Regulate Strigolactone Biosynthesis or Act Independently? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32508849 PMCID: PMC7251057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are essential host recognition signals for both root-parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the rhizosphere, and in planta SLs or their metabolites function as a novel class of plant hormones that regulate various aspects of plant growth through crosstalk with other hormones. Although nutrient availability is one of the important factors influencing SL production and exudation, and phosphate (Pi) deficiency significantly promotes SL production and exudation in host plants of AM fungi, how nutrient availability modulates SL production and exudation remains elusive. Cytokinin (CK), a canonical plant hormone, has extensively been studied as a shoot branching promoter and its biosynthesis is also influenced by mineral nutrients, especially nitrate, indicating that CK might be another key factor that affect SL production and exudation. In the present study, we show that CKs (t-zeatin, benzyladenine, kinetin, and CPPU) applied to hydroponic culture media significantly suppressed the SL levels in both the root exudates and the root tissues of rice plants grown under Pi deficiency. In a split-root system, CK suppressed SL production locally, while Pi affected SL production systemically, suggesting that Pi and CK act on SL production independently in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kaori Yoneyama, ;
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Women’s Future Development Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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Chai S, Li E, Zhang Y, Li S. NRT1.1-Mediated Nitrate Suppression of Root Coiling Relies on PIN2- and AUX1-Mediated Auxin Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:671. [PMID: 32582237 PMCID: PMC7288464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric root growth (ARG) on tilted plates, or root coiling on horizontally placed plates, is proposed to be a combination of gravitropism, mechanical sensing, and "circumnutation," a word designated by Charles Darwin to describe the helical movement that all plant organs make around the growth direction. ARG is developmentally controlled in which microtubule-regulating proteins and the phytohormone auxin participates. Nutrient deficiency influences ARG. However, it is unclear which nutrients play key roles in regulating ARG, what endogenous components are involved in responding to nutrient deficiency for ARG, and how nutrient deficiency is translated into endogenous responses. We report here that nitrate deficiency resulted in a strong ARG in Arabidopsis. Nitrate deficiency caused root coiling on horizontal plates, which is inhibited by an auxin transport inhibitor, and by mutations in PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) and AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1). We further show that suppression of ARG by nitrate is mediated by the nitrate transporter/sensor NRT1.1. In addition, PIN2- and AUX1-mediated auxin transports are epistatic to NRT1.1 in nitrate deficiency-induced ARG. This study reveals a signaling pathway in root growth by responding to exogenous nitrate and relaying it into altered auxin transport.
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Vega A, O'Brien JA, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate and hormonal signaling crosstalk for plant growth and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:155-163. [PMID: 31726384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential macronutrient for plants, a primary nitrogen source in natural and human-made ecosystems. Nitrate can also act as a signaling molecule that directs genome-wide gene expression changes with an impact on plant metabolism, physiology, growth and development. Nitrate and phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Nitrate-signaling controls plant growth and development using molecular mechanisms that involve phytohormone-signaling pathways. In contrast, many phytohormones modulate or impact nitrate signaling in interconnected pathways. In this review, we explore recent progress in our understanding of well-documented connections between nitrate and phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. We also discuss recent studies connecting nitrate to other phytohormones such as ethylene, salicylic acid, gibberellins and brassinosteroids. While many molecular details remain to be elucidated, a number of core signaling components at the intersection between nitrate and the major hormonal pathways have been described. We focus on established interactions of nitrate and different hormonal pathways to bring about cellular, growth and developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vega
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - José Antonio O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile; Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile.
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An Integrated Analysis of the Rice Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Root Growth Regulation Mechanisms in Response to Nitrogen Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235893. [PMID: 31771277 PMCID: PMC6928638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and basic metabolic processes. Root systems play an important role in the ability of plants to obtain nutrients from the soil, and are closely related to the growth and development of above-ground plants. Root morphology analysis showed that root growth was induced under low-nitrogen conditions and inhibited under high-nitrogen conditions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms and metabolic basis underlying the rice root response to nitrogen availability, an integrated analysis of the rice root transcriptome and metabolome under three environmental conditions (low-, control, and high-nitrogen conditions) was conducted. A total of 262 and 262 differentially level metabolites were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. A total of 696 and 808 differentially expressed genes were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. For both the differentially expressed genes and metabolites, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and phytohormones’ signal transduction were significantly affected by nitrogen availability. Additionally, variable levels of 65 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in rice leaves exposed to high and low nitrogen, covering 22 TF families. These results also indicate that there is a significant difference in the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of rice roots between low and high nitrogen. In summary, our study provides new information for a further understanding of the response of rice roots to low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen conditions.
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SiMYB3 in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) Confers Tolerance to Low-Nitrogen Stress by Regulating Root Growth in Transgenic Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225741. [PMID: 31731735 PMCID: PMC6888739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), which originated in China, has a strong tolerance to low nutrition stresses. However, the mechanism of foxtail millet tolerance to low-nitrogen stress is still unknown. In this study, the transcriptome of foxtail millet under low-nitrogen stress was systematically analyzed. Expression of 1891 genes was altered, including 1318 up-regulated genes and 573 down-regulated genes. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis revealed that 3% of these genes were involved in membrane transport and 5% were involved in redox processes. There were 74 total transcription factor (TF) genes in the DEGs (differentially expressed genes), and MYB-like transcription factors accounted for one-third (25) of the TF genes. We systematically analyzed the characteristics, expression patterns, chromosome locations, and protein structures of 25 MYB-like genes. The analysis of gene function showed that Arabidopsis and rice overexpressing SiMYB3 had better root development than WT under low-nitrogen stress. Moreover, EMSA results showed that SiMYB3 protein could specifically bind MYB elements in the promoter region of TAR2, an auxin synthesis related gene and MYB3-TAR2 regulate pair conserved in rice and foxtail millet. These results suggested that SiMYB3 can regulate root development by regulating plant root auxin synthesis under low-nitrogen conditions.
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Li C, Yao W, Wang J, Wang J, Ai Y, Ma H, Zhang Y. A novel effect of glycine on the growth and starch biosynthesis of storage root in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:395-403. [PMID: 31629224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) plays an indispensable role in feed, starch-based industries and ethanol biofuel production. Few studies have investigated on how external amino acids affect the growth and production of sweetpotato. In the study, we evaluated morphological, physiological and molecular effects of external glycine (Gly) on the root growth and starch metabolism of sweetpotato, Xushu16. At morphological level, the Xushu16 with Gly stimuli had larger plant biomass than that under control condition. At physiological level, the photosynthesis strength of the Xushu16 with Gly treatments showed significant differences relative to those under control condition. The relative content of plant hormone and starch in storage roots was higher under Gly conditions than that under control condition. At molecular level, a total of 4836 differentially expression genes were identified in the storage roots with different Gly treatments by RNA-Seq. Among them, as many as 1830 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which held maximum proportion among all the DEGs. Further, a few genes involved in starch biosynthesis were proved to be Gly-induced significantly by RT-qPCR. All the results indicated extrinsic Gly promotes the growth of storage roots by strengthening photosynthesis and increasing plant hormone, and enhances starch biosynthesis of storage roots by accelerating carbohydrate metabolism and regulating the expression of starch-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhe Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenjing Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/Bamboo Research Institute/College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jidong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuchun Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Zeng H, Zhang X, Ding M, Zhang X, Zhu Y. Transcriptome profiles of soybean leaves and roots in response to zinc deficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:330-351. [PMID: 30536844 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread agricultural problem in arable soils of the whole world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn-deficiency response are largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profilings of soybean leaves and roots in response to Zn deficiency through Illumina's high-throughput RNA sequencing in order to understand the molecular basis of Zn-deficiency response in the plants. A total of 614 and 1011 gene loci were found to be differentially expressed in leaves and roots, respectively, and 88 loci were commonly found in both leaves and roots. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were randomly selected for validation by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and their fold changes were similar to those of RNA-seq. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that ion transport, nicotianamine (NA) biosynthetic process and queuosine biosynthetic process were enriched in the upregulated genes, while oxidation-reduction process and defense response were enriched in the downregulated genes. Among the DEGs, 20 DEGs are potentially involved in Zn homeostasis, including seven ZRT, IRT-related protein (ZIP) transporter genes, three NA synthase genes, and seven metallothionein genes; 40 DEGs are possibly involved in diverse hormonal signals such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and gibberellin; nine DEGs are putatively involved in calcium signaling; 85 DEGs are putative transcription factor genes. Nine DEGs were found to contain zinc-deficiency-response element in their promoter regions. These results could provide comprehensive insights into the soybean response to Zn deficiency and will be helpful for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of Zn-deficiency response and Zn-deficiency tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ming Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiajun Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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50
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Gao S, Xiao Y, Xu F, Gao X, Cao S, Zhang F, Wang G, Sanders D, Chu C. Cytokinin-dependent regulatory module underlies the maintenance of zinc nutrition in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:202-215. [PMID: 31131881 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a critical problem in human nutrition. Rice is the main source of calories for nearly half the world's population but has the shortcoming, from a nutritional perspective, of being low in Zn and other essential nutrients. Here we performed analyses with cytokinin-related mutants and transgenic lines to provide unequivocal evidence that cytokinins have a key role in controlling Zn status in plants. Transporters responsible for Zn uptake and chelators for the internal transport of Zn were strictly controlled by cytokinins. Moreover, cytokinin metabolism was regulated in a highly dynamic way in response to Zn status, which allows rice to adapt to heterogeneous Zn availability. Subsequently, fine-tuning of cytokinin metabolism by root-specific expression of a cytokinin degradation enzyme was able to improve both Zn nutrient and yield traits. Importantly, X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed that the increased Zn was broadly distributed from the aleurone layer to the inner endosperm. These findings show that metabolic control of cytokinin could provide the key to breeding Zn-enriched rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dale Sanders
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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