1
|
Starkoff BE, Nickerson BS. Emergence of imaging technology beyond the clinical setting: Utilization of mobile health tools for at-home testing. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:518-529. [PMID: 38591753 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass. Despite their effectiveness, accessibility and cost remain barriers to widespread adoption. The integration of AI-powered image analysis may help explain tissue differentiation, whereas mobile health apps offer real-time metabolic monitoring and personalized feedback. New apps such as MeThreeSixty and Made Health and Fitness offer the advantages of clinic-based imaging techniques from the comfort of home. These innovations hold the potential for individualizing strategies and interventions, optimizing clinical outcomes, and empowering informed decision-making for both healthcare professionals and patients/clients. Navigating the intricacies of these emerging tools, critically assessing their validity and reliability, and ensuring inclusivity across diverse populations and conditions will be crucial in harnessing their full potential. By integrating advancements in body composition assessment, healthcare can move beyond the limitations of traditional methods and deliver truly personalized, data-driven care to optimize well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Starkoff
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brett S Nickerson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sherman SE, Zammit AS, Heo WS, Rosen MS, Cima MJ. Single-sided magnetic resonance-based sensor for point-of-care evaluation of muscle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:440. [PMID: 38199994 PMCID: PMC10782019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a widespread clinical tool for the detection of soft tissue morphology and pathology. However, the clinical deployment of magnetic resonance imaging scanners is ultimately limited by size, cost, and space constraints. Here, we discuss the design and performance of a low-field single-sided magnetic resonance sensor intended for point-of-care evaluation of skeletal muscle in vivo. The 11 kg sensor has a penetration depth of >8 mm, which allows for an accurate analysis of muscle tissue and can avoid signal from more proximal layers, including subcutaneous adipose tissue. Low operational power and shielding requirements are achieved through the design of a permanent magnet array and surface transceiver coil. The sensor can acquire high signal-to-noise measurements in minutes, making it practical as a point-of-care tool for many quantitative diagnostic measurements, including T2 relaxometry. In this work, we present the in vitro and human in vivo performance of the device for muscle tissue evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Sherman
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexa S Zammit
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Won-Seok Heo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kado J, Salman S, Hla TK, Enkel S, Henderson R, Hand RM, Hort A, Page-Sharp M, Batty K, Moore BR, Bennett J, Anderson A, Carapetis J, Manning L. Subcutaneous infusion of high-dose benzathine penicillin G is safe, tolerable, and suitable for less-frequent dosing for rheumatic heart disease secondary prophylaxis: a phase 1 open-label population pharmacokinetic study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0096223. [PMID: 37971244 PMCID: PMC10720493 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00962-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1955, the recommended strategy for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) secondary prophylaxis has been benzathine penicillin G [BPG; 1.2 MU (900 mg)] injections administered intramuscularly every 4 weeks. Due to dosing frequency, pain, and programmatic challenges, adherence is suboptimal. It has previously been demonstrated that BPG delivered subcutaneously at a standard dose is safe and tolerable and has favorable pharmacokinetics, setting the scene for improved regimens with less frequent administration. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous infusions of high-dose BPG were assessed in 24 healthy adult volunteers assigned to receive either 3.6, 7.2, or 10.8 MU (three, six, and nine times the standard dose, respectively) as a single subcutaneous infusion. The delivery of the BPG to the subcutaneous tissue was confirmed with ultrasonography. Safety assessments, pain scores, and penicillin concentrations were measured for 16 weeks post-dose. Subcutaneous infusion of penicillin (SCIP) was generally well tolerated with all participants experiencing transient, mild infusion-site reactions. Prolonged elevated penicillin concentrations were described using a combined zero-order (44 days) and first-order (t1/2 = 12 days) absorption pharmacokinetic model. In simulations, time above the conventionally accepted target concentration of 20 ng/mL (0.02 µg/mL) was 57 days for 10.8 MU delivered by subcutaneous infusion every 13 weeks compared with 9 days of every 4-weekly dosing interval for the standard 1.2 MU intramuscular dose (i.e., 63% and 32% of the dosing interval, respectively). High-dose SCIP (BPG) is safe, has acceptable tolerability, and may be suitable for up to 3 monthly dosing intervals for secondary prophylaxis of RHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kado
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Salman
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, PathWest, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thel K. Hla
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Enkel
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Henderson
- Medical Imaging Department, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert M. Hand
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Hort
- Western Australian Country Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Madhu Page-Sharp
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Batty
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brioni R. Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Bennett
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anneka Anderson
- Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eid L, Mao X, Zhao B, Mao J, Qian S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Sun X. Fat Compartment Gliding Theory - A Novel Technique for the Repositioning of Superficial Fat Compartments for Facial Rejuvenation. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3077-3090. [PMID: 37908409 PMCID: PMC10614658 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s415467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Facial fat compartments and their role in facial aging have gained increased recognition and are playing a significant role in facial rejuvenation. The superficial fat compartments glide inferiorly during the aging process, leading to the flattening and elongation of the face and the appearance of facial bulges, folds, and grooves. Patients and Methods Ultrasound imaging of the facial soft tissues was performed on nine female volunteers to demonstrate the change in superficial facial fat compartments from an upright to supine position. The net suture jowl and medial cheek fat compartment repositioning technique was operated on 165 Asian patients between September 2020 and July 2021. Volume and projection change of malar and jowl regions, as well as change in elevation of malar protrusion were measured 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively using a three-dimensional imaging system. Results Ultrasound measurements confirmed the medial and middle cheek, nasolabial, and jowl fat compartments changed in thickness during positional changes with age-related differences. Postoperative three-dimensional imaging showed volume and projection increase in the malar region (2.23mL and 1.11mm) and decrease in the jowl region (-0.18mL and -0.52mm) by the 6-month follow-up date, and malar projection saw a superior displacement of 3.08mm. Conclusion The superficial fat glide inferiorly within their compartments under the force of gravity and naturally reposition themselves when the effect of gravity is reversed. The net suture technique offers a minimally invasive method for lifting the jowl fat, volumizing the mid-cheek and achieving facial rejuvenation by repositioning the superficial fat compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loy Eid
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binfan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutong Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cima M, Sherman S, Zammit A, Heo WS, Rosen M. Single-sided magnetic resonance-based sensor for point-of-care evaluation of muscle. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3335248. [PMID: 37790511 PMCID: PMC10543496 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3335248/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a powerful clinical tool for the detection of soft tissue morphology and pathology, which often provides actionable diagnostic information to clinicians. Its clinical use is largely limited due to size, cost, time, and space constraints. Here, we discuss the design and performance of a low-field single-sided MR sensor intended for point-of-care (POC) evaluation of skeletal muscle in vivo. The 11kg sensor has a penetration depth of > 8 mm, which allows for an accurate analysis of muscle tissue and can avoid signal from more proximal layers, including subcutaneous adipose tissue. Low operational power and minimal shielding requirements are achieved through the design of a permanent magnet array and surface transceiver coil. We present the in vitro and human in vivo performance of the device for muscle tissue evaluation. The sensor can acquire high signal-to-noise (SNR > 150) measurements in minutes, making it practical as a POC tool for many quantitative diagnostic measurements, including T2 relaxometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ong JN, Ducker KJ, Furzer BJ, Dymock M, Landers GJ. Acute exercise affects dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:345-353. [PMID: 37191158 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness-mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross-over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, p = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (p = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (-1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (-1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness-mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun N Ong
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bonnie J Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Dymock
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant J Landers
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lisón JF, García-Herreros S, Ricart B, Godoy EJ, Nozal S, Cotolí-Suarez P, Jordán-López J, Amer-Cuenca JJ, Salvador-Coloma P. Ultrasound Measurements and Physical Fitness of Elite Youth Basketball Players. Int J Sports Med 2023. [PMID: 36446604 DOI: 10.1055/a-1989-9602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The countermovement jump, the V-cut test, the muscle thickness and the adjacent subcutaneous fat thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis and rectus femoris are important physiological indicators for success in basketball. The aims of this study were to evaluate between-age-category and between-gender differences in these indicators and examine the relationships between physical tests and ultrasound measurements. The measurements were recorded in a sample of 131 elite basketball players (66 males) who played in three age-categories (U14, U16, or U18). We performed two-way analysis of covariance tests and age-adjusted partial correlation analyses. U16 and U18 males showed better performance in the countermovement jump and V-cut tests and lower adjacent subcutaneous fat thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis and rectus femoris compared to the U14 males (p≤.001) and to age-category equivalent female players (p≤.001). Comparisons between the age categories in females did not show significant differences in any of the study variables. Adjacent subcutaneous fat thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis explained 22.3% of the variation for the countermovement jump result and 12.9% of the variation for the V-cut result in males (p<.01). This study is the first to show the association and predictive role of subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasound in physical performance of male and female elite youth basketball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Lisón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.,CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, CB06/03 Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio García-Herreros
- Dawako Medtech, S.L. - Dpto. Medical Imaging (Ultrasound).,Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Ricart
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Alqueria LAB, Valencia Basket, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Jorge Godoy
- Dawako Medtech, S.L. - Dpto. Medical Imaging (Ultrasound).,Computational Multiscale Simulation Lab, Department of Computer Science, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Nozal
- Dawako Medtech, S.L. - Dpto. Medical Imaging (Ultrasound)
| | - Pedro Cotolí-Suarez
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Alqueria LAB, Valencia Basket, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Jordán-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - Juan José Amer-Cuenca
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva NF, Pinho CPS, da Silva Diniz A. Evaluation of ultrasonographic approaches aimed at determining distinct abdominal adipose tissue depots. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:162-171. [PMID: 36651712 PMCID: PMC10689032 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective To analyze different anatomical sites in the abdominal region, in order to determine the positional parameter that identifies a higher level of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and confers a greater cardiometabolic risk. Materials and methods This is a methodological study in which VAT was evaluated by ultrasonography (USG) in three anatomical sites in the abdomen, while the abdominal circumference (AC) was measured using seven different protocols. Additionally, the glycemic and lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and the presence of systemic arterial hypertension were evaluated. Results One hundred and six individuals with an average age of 42 (36.8-46.2) years were included. The evaluation of the calibration of the ultrasound procedure for the analysis of VAT by intra- and inter-evaluators showed high reproducibility. The pattern of abdominal fat distribution differed between sexes, with higher mean VAT in males (p < 0.05) and higher mean SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) in females (p < 0.005). In the abdominal scan applied to women, higher levels of VAT and lower levels of SAT were observed in the narrower waist region, between the iliac crest and the last rib (p < 0.001). In males, the profile of adipose disposition along the abdomen was uniform (p > 0.05). Correlations between VAT measured by USG and cardiometabolic parameters were relatively stronger in the upper abdomen (p < 0.05). Conclusion Women accumulate more VAT in the narrower waist region, while men accumulate VAT uniformly across the abdomen. There was relative superiority in predicting cardiometabolic risk in the upper abdomen for both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE); Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco (Procape UPE); Departamento de Nutrição, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Alcides da Silva Diniz
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC-UFPE); Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco (Procape UPE); Departamento de Nutrição, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
García-Almeida JM, García-García C, Vegas-Aguilar IM, Ballesteros Pomar MD, Cornejo-Pareja IM, Fernández Medina B, de Luis Román DA, Bellido Guerrero D, Bretón Lesmes I, Tinahones Madueño FJ. Nutritional ultrasound®: Conceptualisation, technical considerations and standardisation. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70 Suppl 1:74-84. [PMID: 36935167 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional ultrasound® is a new concept that uses ultrasound to assess body composition. It is composed of the evaluation of fat-free mass and fat mass. It is an emerging, economical, portable, non-invasive technique that evaluates the musculoskeletal area with linear, broadband, multifrequency probes, with a depth field of 20-100mm. It quantifies muscle modifications in malnutrition and provides information on functional changes (echogenicity). Although there are no validated specific cut-off points, the anterior rectum area of the quadriceps can be used as a criterion for malnutrition. The distribution of adipose tissue provides information on the energy reserve and the inflammatory pattern. It is important to integrate nutritional ultrasound® measures in clinical practice adapted to different settings and pathologies. It is necessary to establish training plans in nutritional ultrasound® for use by Endocrinology and Nutrition Specialists, with the aim of improving the diagnosis and treatment of their patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Almeida
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, CIBEROBN, Hospital Quirónsalud, University of Málaga, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-García
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, Translational Research and New Health Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel María Vegas-Aguilar
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, FIMABIS, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Isabel María Cornejo-Pareja
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, CIBEROBN, Carlos III Health Institute, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández Medina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel A de Luis Román
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Investigation, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diego Bellido Guerrero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Irene Bretón Lesmes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones Madueño
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, CIBEROBN, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), University of Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Using A-Mode Ultrasound to Assess the Body Composition of Soccer Players: A Comparative Study of Prediction Formulas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040690. [PMID: 36832176 PMCID: PMC9955205 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For elite athletes, monitoring body composition is important for maximizing performance without health risks. Amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound (AUS) has attracted increasing attention as an alternative to skinfold thickness measurements commonly used for assessing the amount of body fat in athletes. AUS accuracy and precision, however, depend on the formula used to predict body fat percentage (%BF) from subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses. Therefore, this study evaluates the accuracy of the 1-point biceps (B1), 9-sites Parrillo, 3-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP3), and 7-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP7) formulas. Relying on the previous validation of the JP3 formula in college-aged male athletes, we took AUS measurements in 54 professional soccer players (aged 22.9 ± 3.83 y, mean ± SD) and compared the results given by different formulas. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences (p < 10-6), and Conover's post hoc test revealed that the JP3 and JP7 data come from the same distribution, whereas the data given by B1 and P9 differ from all the others. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients for B1 vs. JP7, P9 vs. JP7, and JP3 vs. JP7 were 0.464, 0.341, and 0.909, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated mean differences of -0.5 %BF between JP3 and JP7, 4.7 %BF between P9 and JP7, and 3.1 %BF between B1 and JP7. This study suggests that JP7 and JP3 are equally valid, whereas P9 and B1 overestimate %BF in athletes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bulbrook BD, Chopp-Hurley JN, Wiebenga EG, Pritchard JM, Gatti AA, Keir PJ, Maly MR. Muscle Architecture and Subcutaneous Fat Measurements of Rectus Femoris and Vastus Lateralis at Optimal Length Aided by a Novel Ultrasound Transducer Attachment. Physiother Can 2023; 75:74-82. [PMID: 37250739 PMCID: PMC10211386 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: This cross-sectional study determines the sensitivity of muscle architecture and fat measurements of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles from ultrasound images acquired with varying transducer tilt, using a novel transducer attachment, in healthy adults. Secondary objectives were to estimate intrarater and interrater reliability of image measurement and acquisition, respectively. Methods: Thirty healthy adults participated (15 women and 15 men; 25 [SD 2.5] y). Ultrasound image acquisition was conducted by two raters at different transducer tilts relative to the skin: estimated perpendicular, and five measured angles (80°, 85°, 90°, 95°, 100°) using the transducer attachment. Muscle thickness (MT), subcutaneous fat thickness (FT), pennation angle (PA), and fascicle length (FL) were measured. Sensitivity and reliability were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurements (SEMs). Results: MT and FT for RF and VL were not sensitive to transducer tilt. However, PA and FL were sensitive to transducer tilt. MT and FT for both muscles showed high ICCs and low SEMs for intrarater and interrater reliability. For PA of both muscles, standardizing transducer tilt improved interrater ICCs and lowered SEMs. Conclusion: MT and FT measurements of RF and VL acquired at 60° knee flexion are robust to varying transducer tilt angles. PA measurements benefit from standardizing transducer tilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn N. Chopp-Hurley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily G. Wiebenga
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet M. Pritchard
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony A. Gatti
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Keir
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica R. Maly
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hoffmann J, Thiele J, Kwast S, Borger MA, Schröter T, Falz R, Busse M. Measurement of subcutaneous fat tissue: reliability and comparison of caliper and ultrasound via systematic body mapping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15798. [PMID: 36138057 PMCID: PMC9500055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Caliper and ultrasound (US) are used to measure subcutaneous fat tissue depth (SFT) and then to calculate total body fat. There is no evidence-based recommendation as to whether caliper or US are equally accurate. The aim of this paper was therefore to compare reliability of both methods. In this methodical study, 54 participants (BMI: 24.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2; Age: 43.2 ± 21.7 years) were included. Using systematic body mapping, the SFT of 56 areas was measured. We also analyzed 4 body sites via MRI. A comparison between caliper and US detected clear differences in mean SFT of all areas (0.83 ± 0.33 cm vs. 1.14 ± 0.54 cm; p < 0.001) showing moderate reliability (ICC 0.669, 95%CI: 0.625–0.712). US and MRI revealed in the abdominal area a SFT twice as thick as caliper (2.43 ± 1.36 cm vs. 2.26 ± 1.32 cm vs. 1.15 ± 0.66 cm; respectively). Caliper and US revealed excellent intrarater (ICC caliper: 0.944, 95%CI: 0.926–0.963; US: 0.934, 95%CI: 0.924–0.944) and good interrater reliability (ICC caliper: 0.794, 95%CI: 0.754–0.835; US: 0.825, 95%CI: 0.794–0.857). Despite the high reliability in measuring SFT that caliper and US show, our comparison of the two methods yielded clear differences in SFT, particularly in the abdominal area. In accuracy terms, US is preferable for most mapping areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hoffmann
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jens Thiele
- Department of Radiology, Helios Klinik, 04435, Schkeuditz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kwast
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Andrew Borger
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schröter
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Falz
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Prevention, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hajiasgari M, Setarehdan SK, Rangraz P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness determination using ultrasound signals processing: A phantom study. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
PINEAU JC. Prediction of percent body fat in adult men using ultrasonic and anthropometric measurements versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
García-Almeida JM, García-García C, Vegas-Aguilar IM, Ballesteros Pomar MD, Cornejo-Pareja IM, Fernández Medina B, de Luis Román DA, Bellido Guerrero D, Bretón Lesmes I, Tinahones Madueño FJ. Nutritional ultrasound®: Conceptualisation, technical considerations and standardisation. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
González-Gómez S, Paez H, Monica Yepes M, Soler C. New alternatives in body composition assessment techniques. Eur J Radiol 2022; 154:110451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Seow D, Massey A. Correlation between preseason body composition and sports injury in an English Premier League professional football team. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001193. [PMID: 35692439 PMCID: PMC9134165 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the correlation between preseason body composition and incidence coupled with injury burden throughout the season in adult male professional football players. Methods A retrospective case series was performed for linear regression analysis of preseason body composition variables and injury data. R2 >0.10 was deemed of adequate correlation. Results All 36 professional football players in the male first team of an English Premier League professional football team were recruited, with none lost to follow-up. The total and mean incidence of injuries was 83.00 and 2.31 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.89), respectively. The mean injury burden was 58.32 (95% CI 37.67 to 78.98) days missed. Simple linear regression analysis indicated no significant or adequate correlations between incidence and preseason body composition variables. Injury burden revealed non-significant adequate negative correlations to body mass (R2=0.17), body mass index (BMI) (R2=0.15), waist circumference (R2=0.17), total bone mineral density (BMD) (R2=0.11) and mean embedded structures (R2=0.10). Conclusions Players with decreased body mass, BMI, waist circumference, total BMD and mean embedded structures may be prone to greater injury burden. Further studies with a larger sample size that incorporates multiple football teams are warranted to investigate this.
Collapse
|
18
|
Stadler JT, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Meier-Allard N, Scharnagl H, Rani A, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Holasek SJ, Marsche G. Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040895. [PMID: 35453644 PMCID: PMC9030549 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting primarily female adolescents and younger adults. The energy deprivation associated with AN has been shown to alter lipoprotein metabolism, which may affect cardiovascular risk. However, the mechanisms leading to alterations in the composition, structure, and function of lipoproteins in AN patients are not well-understood yet. Here, we investigated the lipid abnormalities associated with AN, particularly changes in the distribution, composition, metabolism, and function of lipoprotein subclasses. In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum samples of 18 women diagnosed with AN (BMI < 17.5 kg/m2) and 24 normal-weight women (BMI from 18.5−24.9 kg/m2). Using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint® system, we determined low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution, including quantitative measurements of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution. We quantified the most abundant apolipoproteins of HDL and assessed lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. In addition, anti-oxidative capacity of apoB-depleted serum and functional metrics of HDL, including cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were assessed. The atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses VLDL and small LDL particles were increased in AN. Levels of VLDL correlated significantly with CETP activity (rs = 0.432, p = 0.005). AN was accompanied by changes in the content of HDL-associated apolipoproteins involved in triglyceride catabolism, such as apolipoprotein C-II (+24%) and apoA-II (−27%), whereas HDL-associated cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were not altered. Moreover, AN did not affect HDL subclass distribution, cholesterol efflux capacity, and paraoxonase activity. We observed a shift to more atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses in AN patients, whereas HDL functionality and subclass distribution were not altered. This finding underpins potential detrimental effects of AN on lipid metabolism and the cardiovascular system by increasing atherosclerotic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ingle AS, Kashyap NK, Trivedi S, Chaudhary R, Suryavanshi G, Thangaraju P, Bagale KR. Assessment of Body Fat Percentage Using B-Mode Ultrasound Technique versus Skinfold Caliper in Obese Healthy Volunteers. Cureus 2022; 14:e22993. [PMID: 35415052 PMCID: PMC8992878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The measurement of the skinfold thickness at various sites with the calipers has remained the traditional method for estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) in clinical practice. Although this technique is relatively inexpensive and easy to learn, there are more chances of errors while measuring the skinfold thickness by this method. Therefore, no single standard prediction formula for the determination of body fat could be fixed. The aim of our study was to use B-mode ultrasound (US) for measuring the subcutaneous fat thickness and the calipers for skinfold thickness, and then compare, correlate, and derive the prediction equations for estimation of %BF by both the techniques. Methods This cross-sectional, observational, monocentric study was conducted on 43 Indian male volunteers aged 18 to 40 years. After collecting anthropometric data (age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], etc.), the skinfold thickness was measured at four standard sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular region, and suprailiac region) with skinfold caliper (SFC) and then B-mode US. The data were analyzed for distribution, and independent t-test was applied to compare the difference between two means of a %BF estimated by both the methods. The prediction equations were developed from anthropometric and skinfold thickness data obtained from both the methods, i.e., SFC and US, by applying stepwise multiple linear regression. Results It was observed that mean values of all the skinfold thicknesses along with the %BF measured by SFC were far more than those measured by US. The %BF measured by US technique (%BF US) was significantly lesser, i.e., 20.69 (SD: 3.126; p < 0.0002), than that of the SFC method (%BF SFC), i.e., 30.38 (SD: 4.634), which is 0.68 % higher. The best prediction equation for the %BF by SFC method was [%BF SFC = -26.154 + 0.208 SFss + 0.374 age + 0.354 SFbi + 32.066 WHR] (R2 = 84.8), where SFss and SFbi are skin fold thicknesses at subscapular and biceps regions, respectively, measured with SFCs, and that by the US method was [%BF US = 0.713 + 0.351 USsi + 0.232 age + 0.248 USss + 0.448 USbi] (R2 = 84.6), where USsi and USss are skinfold measurements at suprailiac and subscapular regions, respectively, measured by US technique. Conclusion In our study, we arrived to the conclusion that even though the estimated %BF by both the methods were found to have a significant correlation with each other, the values were very less in case of the US method. In the prediction equations, it was found that the skinfold thickness at the suprailiac region was not found to be the significant determining factor for estimation of %BF by SFC method as that by the US method. Looking at the lesser sample size with all participants being males, we do not recommend the prediction equations to be used in clinical practice in spite of the high R2 values.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ong JN, Ducker KJ, Furzer BJ, Dymock M, Landers GJ. Food and Fluid intake and hydration status does not affect ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue in active adults. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:548-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Nösslinger H, Mair E, Toplak H, Hörmann-Wallner M. Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calipers vs. high-resolution B-scan ultrasonography in healthy volunteers: A pilot study. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sakugawa RL, Orssatto LBR, Sampaio LT, de Brito Fontana H, Diefenthaeler F. Pressure on the electrode to reduce discomfort during neuromuscular electrical stimulation in individuals with different subcutaneous-fat thickness: is the procedure effective and reliable? IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 30:1-7. [PMID: 34941513 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3138202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of manual pressure on the electrode during neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used to reduce current intensity and perceived discomfort. In this study we aimed to test i) whether this approach affect the reliability of commonly made torque output measurements and ii) whether subcutaneous-fat thickness influence the efficacy of this approach in reducing current intensity and perceived discomfort. Twenty-one men (24±3.1 years) performed knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contractions with and without manual pressure on the NMES femoral nerve electrode (superimposed and resting doublets, 2 pulses at 100 Hz) during two separate sessions. Torque output was measured in an isokinetic dynamometer and thigh subcutaneous-fat thickness assessed with ultrasonography. A scale of perceived discomfort was presented after contractions. Reductions in current intensity (p<0.001) and discomfort during superimposed doublet (p=0.002) and resting doublet (p=0.002) were confirmed for the condition in which pressure was applied to the electrode. Fat thickness was correlated to changes in current intensity (r=0.63; p=0.002) and changes in discomfort (r=0.45; p=0.04) and no differences between pressure conditions and testing sessions were observed for torque output (p>0.05; ICC 0.95). Adding manual pressure during NMES on femoral nerve reduces discomfort and the maximal NMES intensity required to reach maximum torque without affecting torque output magnitude and reliability. Greater reduction in intensity and discomfort were observed in participants with higher subcutaneous-fat thickness levels after adding pressure on the electrode.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ong JN, Ducker KJ, Furzer BJ, Dymock M, Landers GJ. Measures of body composition via Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound and skinfolds are not impacted by the menstrual cycle in active eumenorrheic females. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:115-121. [PMID: 34756512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) Compare changes in body composition estimates over the menstrual cycle in active females using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, standardised brightness-mode ultrasound and skinfolds (2) Compare the predictability of Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat mass estimate via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound versus skinfolds measurements. DESIGN Thirty active females (27 ± 5 y) with regularly occurring menstrual cycles participated in a cross sectional study. METHODS Participants completed four assessment sessions scheduled according to each individual's menstrual cycle. These sessions took place during their (1) early follicular, (2) mid-to-late follicular, (3) mid-luteal and (4) second early follicular phases. Body composition estimates were acquired using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was measured at eight sites using standardised brightness-mode ultrasound and skinfolds. RESULTS The sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured using standardised brightness-mode ultrasound and skinfolds were not different between the cycle phases (p > 0.05). Body mass and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total mass estimate as well as Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates of total and regional lean and fat mass were also not different between cycle phases (p > 0.05) and any changes were within the 95% confidence intervals of their respective least significant change values. CONCLUSIONS There were no true and meaningful changes in the sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound and skinfolds or Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total and regional tissue mass estimates across the menstrual cycle in active eumenorrheic females. Body composition may thus be assessed via these methods in this population at any cycle phase with standardised participant presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun N Ong
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Bonnie J Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Dymock
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant J Landers
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Băbțan AM, Vesa ȘC, Boșca BA, Crișan M, Mihu CM, Băciuț MF, Dinu C, Crișan B, Câmpian RS, Feurdean CN, Ionel A, Bezugly A, Bordea IR, Ilea A. High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment of Skin and Oral Mucosa in Metabolic Syndrome Patients-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194461. [PMID: 34640479 PMCID: PMC8509493 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exogenous factors (such as sun exposure, smoking habits, and diet) and endogenous (inflammatory status, general diseases) have a direct influence on skin and soft tissue characteristics. The study’s objective was to assess the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on characteristics of skin layers in sun-exposed and non-exposed maxillofacial tissues evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound (HFU), as a potential diagnosis and monitoring tool for the aging process. Material and methods: The present study included 102 subjects (24 with MS; 78 without MS). Anthropometric parameters and disease history were recorded, and blood samples were harvested in order to assess biochemical parameters of MS. Sun-exposed skin (zygomatic region) and non-exposed oral mucosa of the lower lip were assessed using HFU (DUB® cutis, Taberna Pro Medicum) with a 22 MHz probe. Results: Patients with cardiac disease had significantly lower values for epidermis density (p = 0.002). Gender was independently linked to the aged dermis depth (p < 0.001), aged dermis no. of px (pixels) (p < 0.001), dermis depth (p < 0.001), dermis no. of px (p < 0.001), and subcutaneous tissue density (p < 0.001). Patients with MS had thinner epidermis (p = 0.008) and thinner aged dermis (p = 0.037) when compared to non-MS subjects. Conclusion: Patients with MS had thinner epidermis and a lower epidermis number of pixels in sun-exposed skin. Women had lower epidermis density and thicker dermis in sun-exposed skin. Our study showed that HFU, as a non-invasive investigation approach, is useful to diagnose and monitor the aging process in skin and oral mucosa, correlated with skin phenotype pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anida Maria Băbțan
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (A.M.B.); (R.S.C.); (C.N.F.); (A.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Marinescu Street No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-740125980
| | - Bianca Adina Boșca
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur Street No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (B.A.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur Street No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (B.A.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Pasteur Street No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (B.A.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Mihaela Felicia Băciuț
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street No. 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (M.F.B.); (C.D.); (B.C.)
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street No. 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (M.F.B.); (C.D.); (B.C.)
| | - Bogdan Crișan
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cardinal Iuliu Hossu Street No. 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (M.F.B.); (C.D.); (B.C.)
| | - Radu Septimiu Câmpian
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (A.M.B.); (R.S.C.); (C.N.F.); (A.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (A.M.B.); (R.S.C.); (C.N.F.); (A.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Anca Ionel
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (A.M.B.); (R.S.C.); (C.N.F.); (A.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Artur Bezugly
- Dermatology and Cosmetology Department, Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Russian Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Oral Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania;
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Oral Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Babeș Street No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; (A.M.B.); (R.S.C.); (C.N.F.); (A.I.); (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goswami N, Fredriksen PM, Lundin KEA, Agu C, Elias SO, Motaung KS, Brix B, Cvirn G, Sourij H, Stelzl E, Kessler HH, Saloň A, Nkeh-Chungag B. COVID-19 and its effects on endothelium in HIV-positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa: Cardiometabolic risk, thrombosis and vascular function (ENDOCOVID STUDY). BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:719. [PMID: 34332551 PMCID: PMC8325201 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has affected almost every country in the world, especially in terms of health system capacity and economic burden. People from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) often face interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Role of HIV infection and anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in altered cardiovascular risk is questionable and there is still need to further carry out research in this field. However, thus far it is unclear, what impact the COVID-19 co-infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV), with or without therapy will have. The ENDOCOVID project aims to investigate whether and how HIV-infection in COVID-19 patients modulates the time course of the disease, alters cardiovascular risk, and changes vascular endothelial function and coagulation parameters/ thrombosis risk. METHODS A total of 1026 patients will be included into this study. Cardiovascular research PLHIV with (n = 114 in each of the three recruiting centers) - or without - ART (n = 114 in each of the three recruiting centers) with COVID-19 and HIV-negative with COVID-19 (n = 114 in each of the three recruiting centers) will be carried out via clinical and biochemical measurements for cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular and endothelial function will be measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) assessments, and retinal blood vessel analyses, along with vascular endothelial biomarkers and cogualation markers. The correlation between HIV-infection in COVID-19 PLHIV with or without ART and its role in enhancement of cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction will be assessed at admission, weekly, at discharge and, 4 weeks post-discharge (if possible). IMPACT OF PROJECT The ENDOCOVID project aims to evaluate in the long-term the cardiovascular risk and vascular endothelial function in PLHIV thus revealing an important transitional cardiovascular phenotype in COVID-19. The study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04709302).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandu Goswami
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/D.05, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
- Divison of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europea Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University (WSU), Mthatha, South Africa.
| | - Per Morten Fredriksen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Prinsensgate 7-9, 0152, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital- Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chidozie Agu
- Management Sciences for Health, Global Fund RSSH Project, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Simiat Olanike Elias
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Keolebogile Shirley Motaung
- Department of Technology Transfer & Innovation, Durban University of Technology, Tromso Annex, Steve Biko Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Bianca Brix
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/D.05, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Physiological Chemistry Section, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Clinical Division for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evelyn Stelzl
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald H Kessler
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adam Saloň
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/D.05, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benedicta Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University (WSU), Mthatha, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
How reliably can ultrasound help determine muscle and adipose tissue thickness in clinical settings? An assessment of intra- and inter-examiner reliability in the USVALID study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:401-409. [PMID: 34226675 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ultrasound is used to measure muscle and adipose tissue thickness at the bedside. This study was aimed at determining the intra- and inter-examiner reliability for marking points to measure adipose tissue and muscle thickness and assessing it in terms of the performance and evaluation of the corresponding ultrasound scans. SUBJECTS/METHODS Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was tested in 120 patients. Limb lengths were measured to mark three and two measuring points on both the thighs and upper arms, respectively. Ultrasound scans were performed at each measuring point to evaluate muscle and adipose tissue thickness. RESULTS Regarding the marking of the measuring points, intra- and inter-examiner reliability were high to very high, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.96. In the performance and evaluation of adipose tissue thickness, all measuring points showed a high to very high reliability, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.97. In the performance and evaluation of muscle thickness, the ventral measuring point on the thigh and the anterior measuring point on the upper arm showed the best reliability, with high to very high correlation coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.93. CONCLUSIONS In terms of intra- and inter-examiner reliability, the ventral measuring point on the thigh and the anterior measuring point on the upper arm can be strongly recommended for ultrasound measurements of muscle and adipose tissue thickness.
Collapse
|
27
|
Song E, Xie Z, Bai W, Luan H, Ji B, Ning X, Xia Y, Baek JM, Lee Y, Avila R, Chen HY, Kim JH, Madhvapathy S, Yao K, Li D, Zhou J, Han M, Won SM, Zhang X, Myers DJ, Mei Y, Guo X, Xu S, Chang JK, Yu X, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:759-771. [PMID: 34045731 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the biomechanics of soft tissues at depths well below their surface, and at high precision and in real time, would open up diagnostic opportunities. Here, we report the development and application of miniaturized electromagnetic devices, each integrating a vibratory actuator and a soft strain-sensing sheet, for dynamically measuring the Young's modulus of skin and of other soft tissues at depths of approximately 1-8 mm, depending on the particular design of the sensor. We experimentally and computationally established the operational principles of the devices and evaluated their performance with a range of synthetic and biological materials and with human skin in healthy volunteers. Arrays of devices can be used to spatially map elastic moduli and to profile the modulus depth-wise. As an example of practical medical utility, we show that the devices can be used to accurately locate lesions associated with psoriasis. Compact electronic devices for the rapid and precise mechanical characterization of living tissues could be used to monitor and diagnose a range of health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enming Song
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Wubin Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Janice Mihyun Baek
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yujin Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Huang-Yu Chen
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Surabhi Madhvapathy
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengdi Han
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel J Myers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan-Kai Chang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schmid-Zalaudek K, Brix B, Sengeis M, Jantscher A, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Müller W, Matjuda EN, Mungamba MM, Nkeh-Chungag B, Fredriksen PM, Goswami N. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Measured by B-Mode Ultrasound to Assess and Monitor Obesity and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050449. [PMID: 34065304 PMCID: PMC8161059 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity raises the need for accurate body fat assessment. Precise methods are at high technical expense, require exposure to ionizing radiation and are limited to institutional investigations, while common body indicators fail to identify excess body fat. Subcutaneous adipose tissue measured by ultrasound is an alternative approach, which was evaluated in relation to commonly applied body indicators to assess cardio–metabolic risk and its applicability in the field. Subcutaneous adipose tissue measured by ultrasound indicated a clear advantage over commonly applied body indicators and implies that severe body fat assessment errors are to be expected when BMI is used as a measure for body fatness in children. Children or adolescents with identical BMIs may have large differences (>200%) in their amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Ultrasound provides an easily applicable, reliable and safe method for accurate assessment of obesity and monitoring treatment responses in children and adolescents at cardio–metabolic risk. Abstract Monitoring of children at heightened risk of cardio–metabolic diseases raises the need for accurate assessment of obesity. A standardized approach for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) by bright-mode ultrasound was evaluated in relation to body indices and anthropometry in a cross-sectional sample of 76 South African children (7–10 years) and 86 adolescents (13–17 years) to assess cardio–metabolic risk. SAT was higher in girls as compared to boys (children: 50.0 ± 21.7 mm > 34.42 ± 15.8 mm, adolescents: 140.9 ± 59.4 mm > 79.5 ± 75.6 mm, p < 0.001) and up to four times higher in adolescents than in children. In children, measures of relative body weight showed only a poor correlation to SAT (BMI: r = 0.607, p < 0.001), while in adolescents, BMI correlated high with SAT (r = 0.906, p < 0.001) based on high rates of overweight and obesity (41.8%). Children with identical BMIs may have large differences (>2–3-fold) in their amount of SAT. The moderate association to systolic (r = 0.534, r = 0.550, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.402, r = 0.262, p < 0.001) further substantiates that SAT measured by ultrasound provides an accurate, safe and easy applicable approach for monitoring in children and adolescents at cardio–metabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schmid-Zalaudek
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Physiology Division, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.-Z.); (N.G.); Tel.: +43-316-3857-3852 (N.G.)
| | - Bianca Brix
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Physiology Division, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Marietta Sengeis
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.F.-R.); (W.M.)
| | - Andreas Jantscher
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Physiology Division, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.F.-R.); (W.M.)
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Biophysics Division, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (A.F.-R.); (W.M.)
| | - Edna N. Matjuda
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; (E.N.M.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Muhau M. Mungamba
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; (E.N.M.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Benedicta Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa;
| | - Per Morten Fredriksen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Kristiania University, 0107 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Physiology Division, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.-Z.); (N.G.); Tel.: +43-316-3857-3852 (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rodríguez J, Willmes C, Mateos A. Shivering in the Pleistocene. Human adaptations to cold exposure in Western Europe from MIS 14 to MIS 11. J Hum Evol 2021; 153:102966. [PMID: 33711721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the mid-Middle Pleistocene MIS 14 to MIS 11, humans spread through Western Europe from the Mediterranean peninsulas to the sub-Arctic region, and they did so not only during the warm periods but also during the glacial stages. In doing so, they were exposed to harsh environmental conditions, including low or extremely low temperatures. Here we review the distribution of archeological assemblages in Western Europe from MIS 14 to MIS 11 and obtain estimates of the climatic conditions at those localities. Estimates of the mean annual temperature, mean winter and summer temperatures, and the lowest temperature of the coldest month for each locality were obtained from the Oscillayers database. Our results show that hominins endured cold exposure not only during the glacial stages but also during the interglacials, with winter temperatures below 0 °C at many localities. The efficacy of the main physiological and behavioral adaptations that might have been used by the Middle Pleistocene hominins to cope with low temperatures is evaluated using a simple heat-loss model. Our results suggest that physiological and anatomical adaptations alone, such as increasing basal metabolic rate and subcutaneous adipose tissue, were not enough to tolerate the low winter temperatures of Western Europe, even during the MIS 13 and MIS 11 interglacials. In contrast, the use of a simple fur bed cover appears to have been an extremely effective response to low temperatures. We suggest that advanced fire production and control technology were not necessary for the colonization of northern Europe during MIS 14 and MIS 12. We propose that Middle Pleistocene European populations were able to endure the low temperatures of those glacial stages combining anatomical and physiological adaptations with behavioral responses, such as the use of shelter and simple fur clothes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
| | - Christian Willmes
- Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, 50923, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Mateos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pai MP. Antimicrobial Dosing in Specific Populations and Novel Clinical Methodologies: Obesity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:942-951. [PMID: 33523485 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related comorbidities can negatively influence the outcomes of certain infectious diseases. Specific dosing recommendations are often lacking in the product label for patients with obesity that leads to unclear guidance in practice. Higher rates of therapeutic failure have been reported with some fixed dose antibiotics and pragmatic approaches to dose modification are limited for orally administered agents. For i.v. antimicrobials dosed on weight, alternate body size descriptors (ABSDs) have been used to reduce the risk of overdosing. These ABSDs are mathematical transformations of height and weight that represent fat-free weight and follow the same principles as body surface area (BSA)-based dosing of cancer chemotherapy. However, ABSDs are rarely studied in pivotal phase III studies and so can risk the underdosing of antimicrobials in patients with obesity when incorrectly applied in the real-world setting. Specific case examples are presented to highlight these risks. Although general principles may be considered by clinicians, a universal approach to dose modification in obesity is unlikely. Studies that can better distinguish human body phenotypes may help reduce our reliance on height and weight to define dosing. Simple and complex technologies exist to quantify individual body composition that could improve upon our current approach. Early evidence suggests that body composition parameters repurposed from medical imaging data may improve upon height and weight as covariates of drug clearance and distribution. Clinical trials that can integrate human body phenotyping may help us identify new approaches to optimal dose selection of antimicrobials in patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath P Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stadler JT, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Trakaki A, Scharnagl H, Borenich A, Wonisch W, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Meier-Allard N, Holasek SJ, Marsche G. Obesity Affects HDL Metabolism, Composition and Subclass Distribution. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030242. [PMID: 33673728 PMCID: PMC7997277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease, partly due to its strong association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Functional impairment of HDL may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality, but the effect of obesity on composition, structure, and function of HDL is not well understood. Design and Methods: We determined HDL composition, HDL subclass distribution, parameters of HDL function, and activities of most important enzymes involved in lipoprotein remodeling, including lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in relatively young normal weight (n = 26), overweight (n = 22), and obese (n = 20) women. Results: Obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) was associated with noticeable changes in LCAT and CETP activities and altered HDL composition, such as decreased apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and phospholipid content, while pro-inflammatory HDL serum amyloid a content was increased. We observed a marked shift towards smaller HDL subclasses in obesity linked to lower anti-oxidative capacity of serum. LCAT activity, HDL subclass distribution, and HDL-cholesterol were associated with soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, and liver enzyme activities. Of note, most of these alterations were only seen in obese women but not in overweight women. Conclusions: Obesity markedly affects HDL metabolism, composition, and subclass distribution linked to changes in liver and adipose tissue. HDL dysfunction may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Athina Trakaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Andrea Borenich
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Boksem E, Schotman JM, Joosten FBM, van Borren MMGJ, de Boer H. Prediction of total body electrical resistance normal values based on limb muscle thickness assessed by ultrasound. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1267-1274. [PMID: 33462458 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a new model has been proposed to assess hydration in patients by measurement of total body electrical resistance (TBER), with results expressed in ohm rather than in liter body water. According to this approach, hydration is considered to be normal if TBER is within the normal range. As TBER is inversely related to the size of the limb muscle compartment, this relationship can be used to calculate the patient-specific TBER normal value (TBERnorm). The present study investigates whether the prediction of TBERnorm can be improved by the use of ultrasound (US) instead of anthropometrically derived parameters of limb muscularity. METHODS In total, 129 healthy subjects (60 men and 69 women) ranging in age from 18 to 75 yr, and in BMI from 17.4 to 52.0 kg/m2 were included in the study. Arm muscle cross-sectional area assessed by anthropometry (AMAcaliper) was compared with mean muscle thickness (MMT) of arm and leg assessed by B-mode US. RESULTS MMT correlated stronger with TBER than AMA, and reduced the standard error of the estimate (SEE) by 15% in men and by 26% in women. Muscularity was overestimated by AMAcaliper due to a systematic error directly proportional to subcutaneous fat layer thickness. The gender independent relation between MMT and TBERnorm is described by the equation: TBERnorm = 705-75.4⋅MMT (R2 = 0.85, SEE = 22.3 Ω/m, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS US-based measurement of limb muscularity provides a more precise prediction of TBERnorm, in particular in obese subjects, and is recommended as the method of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Boksem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - J M Schotman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - F B M Joosten
- Department of Radiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - M M G J van Borren
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - H de Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lackner S, Meier-Allard N, Mörkl S, Müller W, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Holasek S. Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa Patients May Influence Weight Balance: Results of a Clinical Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:758300. [PMID: 34992554 PMCID: PMC8725815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.758300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a clinical condition characterized by elevated β-carotene in plasma and skin tissue. Carotenoids have known anti-obesogenic effects in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play a retarding role in weight gain during the recovery of AN patients. This study evaluated the plasma carotenoid profile and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight (NW) controls. Methods: Plasma concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC analysis. SAT thicknesses were measured by a highly accurate and reliable ultrasound technique. Information on dietary intakes were collected by repeated 24-h recalls. Results: Sixty-two females (AN: n = 18, NW: n = 44) were included. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.045) and lycopene (p = 0.004) were significantly lower in AN patients. β-carotene levels were higher in AN patients (n.s.) and α-carotene did not differ significantly. SAT thickness was significantly lower in AN patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). β-carotene was significantly negative (r s = -0.471) and lycopene significantly positive (r s = 0.366) correlated with SAT. The correlation of β-carotene and SAT was even higher in the AN group alone (r s = -0.742). Also, β- cryptoxanthin and the sum of provitamin A carotenoids were correlated to SAT (r s = -0.647 and r s = -0.746, respectively) in AN patients. Fruits and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN and NW but adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed relatively higher amounts (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Higher plasma β-carotene concentrations were associated with reduced SAT levels, most probably due to a reduced ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids. Thus, the antiobesity effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. A systemic carotenoid overload may contribute to changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. Therefore, high plasma β-carotene may be a marker of delay in weight recovery in AN patients. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dermatology Ultrasound. Imaging Technique, Tips and Tricks, High-Resolution Anatomy. Ultrasound Q 2020; 36:321-327. [DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Sengeis M, Müller W, Störchle P, Fürhapter-Rieger A. Competitive Performance of Kenyan Runners Compared to their Relative Body Weight and Fat. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:323-335. [PMID: 33053598 DOI: 10.1055/a-1268-8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Body fat values obtained with various measurement methods deviate substantially in many cases. The standardised brightness-mode ultrasound method was used in 32 Kenyan elite long-distance runners to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses at an accuracy and reliability level not reached by any other method. Subcutaneous adipose tissue forms the dominating part of body fat. Additionally, body mass (m), height (h), sitting height (s), leg length, and the mass index MI1 =0.53m/(hs) were determined. MI1 considers leg length, which the body mass index ignores. MI1 values of all participants were higher than their body mass indices. Both indices for relative body weight were within narrow ranges, although thickness sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue deviated strongly (women: 20-82 mm; men: 3-36 mm). Men had 2.1 times more embedded fasciae in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the subgroup with personal best times below world record time plus 10%, no correlation between performance and body mass index was found, and there was also no correlation with sums of subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses. Within the data ranges found here, extremely low relative body weight or low body fat were no criteria for the level of performance, therefore, pressure towards too low values may be disadvantageous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Sengeis
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz.,Sport Science, Anthropometry, Leistungssport Austria, High Performance Center, Brunn am Gebirge
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Paul Störchle
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Muscle temperature kinetics and thermoregulatory responses to 42 °C hot-water immersion in healthy males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2611-2624. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
37
|
Radwan ES, Scribante A, Sfondrini MF, Montasser MA. Imaging Software Programs for Reliable Mathematical Measurements in Orthodontics. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E81. [PMID: 32756303 PMCID: PMC7558395 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the reliability of linear and angular measurements taken using different software programs in orthodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of four software programs from different manufacturers, namely MicroDicom viewer, Photoshop® CS3, AutoCAD®, and Image-Pro®, were used for measuring the geometric features of four types of miniscrews from different manufacturers. Each miniscrew type presented a group: Group I, Tomas® (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany); Group II, HUBIT® (HUBIT, Gyeonggi-do, Korea); Group III, AbsoAnchor® (Dentos, Daegu, Korea); and Group IV, Creative (Creative, Zhejiang, China). Measurements of apical face angle, thread angle, lead angle, flank, pitch depth, and width were taken on 45 × magnification scanning electron microscope images of the shafts of the miniscrews. One assessor measured the seven geometric features for the four types of miniscrews using the four software programs twice in two sessions separated by a three week interval. RESULTS Pairwise comparisons, for each of the four miniscrew groups, showed that the only common result observed was the significant difference (p < 0.001) between measurements of flank taken by the four software programs. When measurements of the four types of miniscrews were pooled into one group, a high degree of intra-rater reliability (ICC range from 0.9 to 1.0) for all the seven geometric features was found with all the four software programs. The paired t-test showed insignificant difference (at p ≤ 0.05) between the first and second measurements, except for a few measurements including pitch width measured by Image-Pro® (p = 0.012), MicroDicom (p = 0.023), and Photoshop® (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results did not give absolute superiority to one software program over the others and suggested an assessor effect. Assessor estimates could have been affected, among other factors, by the design of the miniscrews and the technical features of the software programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Saad Radwan
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry–Section of Dentistry–Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Francesca Sfondrini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry–Section of Dentistry–Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mona A Montasser
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ponti F, De Cinque A, Fazio N, Napoli A, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Ultrasound imaging, a stethoscope for body composition assessment. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1699-1722. [PMID: 32742962 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the human's energy balance, mediated by non-performing endocrine organs (liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, above all), can be related to human metabolic disorders characterized by an impaired body composition (BC), such as obesity and sarcopenia. While it is possible to monitor the BC and its variations at different levels, the tissue-organ composition studies have been proven to provide the most clinically applicable information. Ultrasonography (US), a fast, non-invasive, low-cost and widely available technique, holds great potential in the study of BC, as it can directly measure muscles, organs, visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue in different sections of the abdomen and body, overcoming some limits of anthropometric evaluation and other imaging techniques. Purpose of this review article is to explore the technical aspects and the applied methods of US examination to assess the potential clinical role of this technique in the context of BC characterization, investigating four pivotal topics [abdominal fat compartments, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle, liver].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Cinque
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Technology Transfer Office, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Napoli
- Department of Radiologic, Oncologic and Pathologic Science, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Djaghloul M, Abdouni A, Thieulin C, Pailler-Mattei C. Surface wave investigation and phenomenological analysis: Application on in vivo human cutaneous tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103779. [PMID: 32543388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The wave phenomenon in free surface media stems from the propagation of mode grouping. Due to the nature of propagation in a given medium, this phenomenon expresses different types of dependence on the medium's properties and represents its mechanical admittance. In contrast with body wave propagation, dependencies related to surface propagation in a medium can be described by spatial-temporal characteristics. These characteristics can be obtained by performing appropriate experiments and do not require prior knowledge of the physical properties of the medium. In this study, we propose an original surface wave investigation and a phenomenological analysis approach adapted to the mechano-bio-structural states evaluation of in vivo human skin. Two objectives are sought with the method proposed: the first concerns the development of a non-invasive device for generating and tracking surface waves in human skin called Free-Skin-Surface-Wave (FSSW); the second concerns the adaptation of the Multi-Chanel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method to evaluate the mechano-bio-structural states of human cutaneous tissue in vivo on the basis of the propagating phenomena observed. As an illustration of the proposed method application, we have done an in vivo evaluation, on intern-forearm of female volunteers population. In addition, we proposed a study of the aging effect and a comparison with ultrasound B-Mode technique, to validate the method sensitivity to follow the mechano-morphological properties of the in vivo human skin. In this study, our medium of application was human skin in vivo, but it is conceivable to extend this application to other soft biological media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Djaghloul
- University of Lyon, Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamic of Systems, UMR-CNRS 5513, ENISE - ECL, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134, Ecully, France.
| | - A Abdouni
- Ultrahaptics, The West Wing, Glass Wharf, Bristol, BS2 0EL, United Kingdom
| | - C Thieulin
- ECE Lyon/Paris, Ecole d'ingnieur, 37 quai de grenelle, 75015, Paris, France
| | - C Pailler-Mattei
- University of Lyon, Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamic of Systems, UMR-CNRS 5513, ENISE - ECL, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134, Ecully, France; University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Battaglia Y, Ullo I, Massarenti S, Esposito P, Prencipe M, Ciancio G, Provenzano M, Fiorini F, Andreucci M, Storari A, Sabatino A, Fiaccadori E, Granata A. Ultrasonography of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Tissue and Body Composition by BIVA in Chronic Dialysis Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051388. [PMID: 32408709 PMCID: PMC7285004 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is a multifactorial condition due to specific pathology-related pathogenetic mechanisms, leading to loss of skeletal muscle mass in HD patients. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging still represent the gold standard techniques for body composition assessment. However, their widespread application in clinical practice is difficult and body composition evaluation in HD patients is mainly based on conventional anthropometric nutritional indexes and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Little data is currently available on ultrasound (US)-based measurements of muscle mass and fat tissue in this clinical setting. The purpose of our study is to ascertain: (1) if there are differences between quadriceps rectus femoris muscle (QRFM) thickness and abdominal/thigh subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) measured by US between HD patients and healthy subjects; (2) if there is any correlation between QRFM and abdominal/thigh SFT thickness by US, and BIVA/conventional nutritional indexes in HD patients. We enrolled 65 consecutive HD patients and 33 healthy subjects. Demographic and laboratory were collected. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was calculated. Using B-mode US system, the QRFM and SFT thicknesses were measured at the level of three landmarks in both thighs (superior anterior iliac spine, upper pole of the patella, the midpoint of the tract included between the previous points). SFT was also measured at the level of the periumbilical point. The mono frequency (50 KHz) BIVA was conducted using bioelectrical measurements (Rz, resistance; Xc, reactance; adjusted for height, Rz/H and Xc/H; PA, phase angle). 58.5% were men and the mean age was 69 (SD 13.7) years. QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Similarly, also BIVA parameters, expression of lean body mass, were lower (p < 0.001), except for Rz and Rz/H in HD patients. The average QRFM thickness of both thighs at top, mid, lower landmarks were positively correlated with PA and body cell mass (BCM) by BIVA, while negatively correlated with Rz/H (p < 0.05). Abdominal SFT was positively correlated with PA, BCM and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p < 0.05). Our study shows that ultrasound QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients and that muscle ultrasound measurements were significantly correlated with BIVA parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Battaglia
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-393-432-0061
| | - Ines Ullo
- Division of Nephrology, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Sara Massarenti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michele Prencipe
- Division of Nephrology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ciancio
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Fulvio Fiorini
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Alda Storari
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, St. Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alice Sabatino
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Hospital, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Hospital, 43121 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Granata
- Division of Nephrology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 92100 Agrigento, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Longo S, Coratella G, Rampichini S, Borrelli M, Scurati R, Limonta E, Cè E, Esposito F. Local fat content and muscle quality measured by a new electrical impedance myography device: correlations with ultrasound variables. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:388-399. [PMID: 32237960 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1751306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between local fat percentage (SKfat) and muscle quality (MQ) estimated by a new hand-held electrical impedance myography (hEIM) device or derived from ultrasound and strength assessments. The right anterior thigh of 90 healthy participants (mean ± SD; age=22.9 ± 2.9 years; 45 men: BMI = 23.9 ± 2.4 kgm-2; 45 women: BMI = 21.1 ± 1.9 kgm-2) was scanned by hEIM and ultrasound. Correlations between SKfat, local subcutaneous fat (SUBfat), and echo intensity (EIus) were explored. Correlations between MQ, EIus, quadriceps femoris anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSAQF), knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric torque (T), T/ACSAQF, EIus/SUBfat, and ACSAQF/SUBfat were also assessed. SKfat correlated with SUBfat (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and EIus (r = 0.64; p < 0.001). MQ correlated with EIus (r = -0.66; p < 0.001), ACSAQF (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), EIus/SUBfat (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), and ACSAQF/SUBfat (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that SUBfat, EIus, and sex explained 86% of SKfat variance, whereas ACSAQF/SUBfat, sex and EIus explained 75% of MQ variance. In conclusion, high hEIM local fat percentage relates to greater subcutaneous fat and intramuscular non-contractile tissue content. High hEIM muscle quality relates to greater muscle-size:subcutaneous-fat ratio and contractile tissue content. Sex influences the prediction of both parameters. This hEIM device seems to be useful to estimate local thigh composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Body composition assessment in athletes: Comparison of a novel ultrasound technique to traditional skinfold measures and criterion DXA measure. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1006-1010. [PMID: 32576495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation compared ultrasound and skinfolds as measures of body fat for athletes, relative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DESIGN Fifty-six well-trained athletes from various sports participated in a cross-sectional study. METHODS The participants attended one testing session, where total body fat mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and subcutaneous adipose tissue was measured using brightness-mode ultrasound and skinfolds with callipers. The ultrasound and skinfold measures were correlated independently against standardised fat mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The correlation between standardised fat mass and sum-of-eight (Σ8) sites ultrasound (r=0.959, p<0.001), and with sum-of-seven (Σ7) sites skinfolds (r=0.911, p<0.001), were both high positive correlations. In the lowest quartile by fat proportion, the correlation between standardised fat mass and Σ8 ultrasound (r=0.811, p<0.001) was a high positive correlation, whilst the correlation with Σ7 skinfolds (r=0.652, p=0.011) was a moderate positive correlation. In the highest quartile by fat proportion, the correlation between standardised fat mass and Σ8 ultrasound (r=0.847, p<0.001) was a high positive correlation, whilst the correlation with Σ7 skinfolds (r=0.591, p=0.026) was a moderate positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound and skinfolds are both very good methods to accurately assess body composition in athletes, relative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, ultrasound delivered consistently more accurate results, throughout a broad athletic spectrum.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kelso A, Müller W, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Sengeis M, Ahammer H, Steinacker JM. High inter-observer reliability in standardized ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue in children aged three to six years. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:145. [PMID: 32241257 PMCID: PMC7114789 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A procedure to measure subcutaneous adipose (SAT) using brightness-mode ultrasound has recently been standardized and applied to various groups of adults including underweight, overweight and obese adults. High reliability of this procedure was found in each of the examined groups. The purpose of this study was to determine inter-observer reliability of the standardized brightness-mode ultrasound measurement of uncompressed SAT in three to six-year-old children. METHODS Three experienced observers independently captured the ultrasound images at the eight standardized measurement sites in each of the 20 children and evaluated their images using an interactive software that detects the SAT contour and automatically measures multiple thicknesses in each image; the mean of these represents SAT thickness at a given site. The children were aged 4.9 ± 1.0 years; their body mass index ranged from 13.6-17.7 kgm- 2. Sound speed was set to 1450 ms- 1 for SAT. RESULTS SAT thickness sums with fibrous structures included (DI) ranged from 25.7-86.4 mm, mean DI was 48.1 ± 15.5 mm. For DI, resulting from 160 measurements by each observer, the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.998 (95% confidence interval 0.980-0.999), standard error of the estimate was 1.1 mm, and 95% limits of agreement were within ±2.1 mm. The median difference in DI was 0.8 mm, i.e. about 1.9% of mean DI. CONCLUSIONS Inter-observer results in children are comparable to previously described high reliability in adults. This method, which provides a technical thickness measurement accuracy of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm, enables monitoring of subcutaneous adipose tissue in children with a similarly high reliability as was obtained in adults previously. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) ID: DRKS00010089; Date 24/02/2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kelso
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 6, Haus 58/33, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - W. Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Fürhapter-Rieger
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Sengeis
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H. Ahammer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 6, Haus 58/33, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Saif Elnasr I, Ammar H. Ultrasound markers for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy in Egyptian women: observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 34:3120-3126. [PMID: 32138572 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1678132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with insulin resistance in early pregnancy and VAT measurement better explains the association between obesity and insulin resistance than the body mass index. First trimester homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or the insulin sensitivity index proved to have positive correlation with late development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in late pregnancy. Greater VAT depth in the first trimester of pregnancy will be associated with hyperglycemia at 24-28 weeks' gestation. OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between abdominal visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in early pregnancy as a predictor for development of GDM in late pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study included 83 pregnant women at 11-14-week gestation subjected to abdominal adiposity measurement through VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, then at 16-22 completed a two-hour 75 g OGTT and fasting one-hour and two-hour serum insulin concentration. The HOMA-IR and insulin resistance index (IRI) were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups: group I: pregnant women who did not developed GDM; group 2: pregnant women who developed GDM. RESULTS Significant statistical difference in both groups as regarding VAT (p = .001). With mean ± S.D. of VAT increase in Group 2. Mean ± S.D. of HOMA-IR increase in group 2 with significant statistical difference in both groups (p =.001). Also mean ± S.D. of ISI increase in group 2 with significant statistical difference in both groups (p = .001). There was positive relationship between visceral adiposity and HOMA-IR and negative relationship between visceral adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Also, in this study, there was no significant relation between SAT and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS From our study, we concluded that measurement of VAT during a routine 11-14 weeks' gestation ultrasound might improve the performance of screening for GDM and correlates with metabolic risk factors even better than BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Saif Elnasr
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Hesham Ammar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Müller W, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Ahammer H, Lohman TG, Meyer NL, Sardinha LB, Stewart AD, Maughan RJ, Sundgot-Borgen J, Müller T, Harris M, Kirihennedige N, Magalhaes JP, Melo X, Pirstinger W, Reguant-Closa A, Risoul-Salas V, Ackland TR. Relative Body Weight and Standardised Brightness-Mode Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat in Athletes: An International Multicentre Reliability Study, Under the Auspices of the IOC Medical Commission. Sports Med 2020; 50:597-614. [PMID: 31571156 PMCID: PMC7018793 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fat is a metabolic fuel, but excess body fat is ballast mass, and therefore, many elite athletes reduce body fat to dangerously low levels. Uncompressed subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness measured by brightness-mode ultrasound (US) provides an estimate of body fat content. METHODS The accuracy for determining tissue borders is about 0.1-0.2 mm and reliability (experienced measurers) was within ± 1.4 mm (95% limit of agreement, LOA). We present here inter- and intra-measurer scores of three experienced US measurers from each of the centres C1 and C2, and of three novice measurers from each of the centres C3-C5. Each of the five centres measured 16 competitive adult athletes of national or international level, except for one centre where the number was 12. The following sports were included: artistic gymnastics, judo, pentathlon, power lifting, rowing, kayak, soccer, tennis, rugby, basketball, field hockey, water polo, volleyball, American football, triathlon, swimming, cycling, long-distance running, mid-distance running, hurdles, cross-country skiing, snowboarding, and ice hockey. SAT contour was detected semi-automatically: typically, 100 thicknesses of SAT at a given site (i.e., in a given image), with and without fibrous structures, were measured. RESULTS At SAT thickness sums DI (of eight standardised sites) between 6.0 and 70.0 mm, the LOA of experienced measurers was 1.2 mm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC was 0.998; novice measurers: 3.1 mm and 0.988. Intra-measurer differences were similar. The median DI value of all 39 female participants was 51 mm (11% fibrous structures) compared to 17 mm (18%) in the 37 male participants. DISCUSSION DI measurement accuracy and precision enables detection of fat mass changes of approximately 0.2 kg. Such reliability has not been reached with any other method. Although females' median body mass index and mass index were lower than those of males, females' median DI was three times higher, and their percentage of fibrous structures was lower. The standardised US method provides a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring SAT and thus changes in body fat, but training of measurers is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Müller
- Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Helmut Ahammer
- Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nanna L Meyer
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Faculdade Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Tom Müller
- Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Margaret Harris
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | - Joao P Magalhaes
- Faculdade Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Melo
- Faculdade Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wolfram Pirstinger
- Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Deneris ZA, Pe'a DE, Furse CM. A Layered Pork Model for Subdermal Antenna Tests at 433 MHz. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/jerm.2019.2905357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Krauze A, Nowak J, Słoboda K, Mlosek RK, Dobruch-Sobczak K, Woźniak W, Ciostek P. Sex and body mass index implications on gluteofemoral subcutaneous tissue morphology visualized by ultrasonography - preliminary study. J Ultrason 2019; 19:105-112. [PMID: 31355581 PMCID: PMC6750335 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2019.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the protective value of gluteofemoral subcutaneous adipose tissue against cardiovascular risk factors has already been described in scientific reports, it is important to pay more attention to its evaluation. Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex and body mass index implications on gluteofemoral subcutaneous tissue morphology visualized by ultrasonography. Material and method A population of 40 participants between 20–50 years of age was examined. All individuals underwent the ultrasound examination of subcutaneous adipose tissue in three locations: anterior, posterior and lateral side of a thigh in the 1/3 distal part. All examinations were collected, and the following parameters were evaluated: thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue in general, thickness of superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results The study revealed significant differences in the architecture of subcutaneous adipose tissue between male and female subgroups. In the group of males, a significantly thinner layer of not only subcutaneous adipose tissue in general (0.65 vs. 1.67 cm, p <0.0001), but also in its main compartments was observed. Moreover, we observed strong positive correlation between body mass index and all subcutaneous adipose tissue layers in the female subgroup. Interestingly, there was no relation between the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layers between subgroups with a decreased and normal body mass index and an increased body mass index. Conclusions The presented data indicates that sex is an important factor in the determination of subcutaneous adipose tissue architecture of a thigh. The ultrasound examination of this structure can be a useful prognostic tool in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krauze
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Justyna Nowak
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, II Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Słoboda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Robert Krzysztof Mlosek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dobruch-Sobczak
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Witold Woźniak
- First Department of General and Vascular Surgery , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Ciostek
- First Department of General and Vascular Surgery , II Medical Faculty , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sengeis M, Müller W, Störchle P, Führhapter-Rieger A. Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1774-1788. [PMID: 31265152 PMCID: PMC6851779 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Body weight and fat are major performance variables in many sports. Extreme weight reduction can lead to severe medical problems. Accurate body composition measurements are fundamental for both medical and performance optimization. Relative body weight in terms of mass index (MI1 = 0.53 M/(hs)), and in terms of body mass index (BMI = M/h2) were determined (h:stature, s:sitting height, M:body mass). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was measured using a recently standardized ultrasound (US) method. US thickness sums from eight body sites were measured in 26 female and 35 male judokas of various weight classes. Comparisons of US and skinfold results indicate that the latter can be severely misleading in competitive judokas. Mean MI1 of females was 22.8 kg m−2 (BMI:22.9 kg m−2), males: 26.7 kg m−2 (BMI:26.5 kg m−2), but individual differences MI1‐BMI were larger than 0.5 kg m−2 in 13 and larger than 1.0 kg m−2 in three cases. Medians of SAT thickness sums DI were three‐times higher in females (66.1 mm) than in males (21.8 mm), and the fat patterning differed significantly. Females had 8.6% (median) fibrous structures embedded in SAT, and males 20.2%. Both MI and BMI were not correlated with SAT. Mean pre‐competition weight loss was 4.3% (ie, 3.0 kg), and maximum was 9.2% (7.4 kg), indicating that modifications of weigh‐in procedures are urgently needed. DI‐values mirror the athletes' potential to reduce ballast fat instead of short‐term weight reduction by dehydration; however, weight loss and SAT measured some weeks before the competitions were not correlated. Further, US measurements and medical longitudinal observations are required for discussing the large individual variations and possible fat minimum demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Sengeis
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute for Sports Medicine and Science, High Performance Centre Austria, Maria Enzersdorf, Austria
| | - Wolfram Müller
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Störchle
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Validity of Ultrasound Imaging Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Measuring Anterior Thigh Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Fascia Thickness. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2030058. [PMID: 31295936 PMCID: PMC6789827 DOI: 10.3390/mps2030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the validity of ultrasound (US) imaging versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring anterior thigh muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and fascia thickness. Twenty healthy, moderately active participants (aged 49.1 ± 9.74 (36–64) years), underwent imaging of the anterior thigh, using ultrasound and MRI modalities on the same day. Images were analyzed offline to assess the level of agreement between US and MRI measurements. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed an excellent relationship between US imaging and MRI for measuring muscle (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), SAT (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and non-contractile tissue (SAT combined with perimuscular fascia) thickness (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). Perimuscular fascia thickness measurement showed a poor correlation between modalities (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) also showed excellent correlation of the measurements with ICC = 0.99 for muscle thickness, SAT, and non-contractile tissue, but not for perimuscular fascia, which showed poor agreement ICC = 0.36. Bland and Altman plots demonstrated excellent agreement between US imaging and MRI measurements. Criterion validity was demonstrated for US imaging against MRI, for measuring thickness of muscle and SAT, but not perimuscular fascia alone on the anterior thigh. The US imaging technique is therefore applicable for research and clinical purposes for muscle and SAT.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mendez-Rebolledo G, Guzman-Muñoz E, Ramírez-Campillo R, Valdés-Badilla P, Cruz-Montecinos C, Morales-Verdugo J, Berral de la Rosa FJ. Influence of adiposity and fatigue on the scapular muscle recruitment order. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7175. [PMID: 31275760 PMCID: PMC6598653 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several authors have indicated that excess body weight can modify the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude due to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat. This accumulation of adipose tissue around the muscle would affect the metabolic capacity during functional activities. On the other hand, some authors have not observed differences in the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue between normal weight and obese people. Furthermore, these manifestations have not been investigated regarding EMG onset latency, which indicates a pattern of muscle activation between different muscles. The objective of this study was to determine whether an increase in body weight, skinfolds, and muscle fatigue modify the trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) onset latencies and to determine the scapular muscle recruitment order in fatigue and excess body weight conditions. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in a university laboratory. The participants were randomly assigned to the no-fatigue group (17 participants) or the fatigue (17 participants) group. The body mass index, skinfold thickness (axillary, pectoral, and subscapular), and percentage of body fat were measured. In addition, the onset latency of the scapular muscles [lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT), upper trapezius (UT), and SA] was assessed by surface EMG during the performance of a voluntary arm raise task. A multiple linear regression model was adjusted and analyzed for the additive combination of the variables, percentage body fat, skinfold thickness, and fatigue. The differences in onset latency between the scapular muscles were analyzed using a three-way repeated measure analysis of variance. In all the tests, an alpha level <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results For the MT, LT, and SA onset latencies, the body mass index was associated with a delayed onset latency when it was adjusted for the additive combination of percentage of body fat, skinfold thickness, and fatigue. Of these adjustment factors, the subscapular skinfold thickness (R 2 = 0.51; β = 10.7; p = 0.001) and fatigue (R 2 = 0.86; β = 95.4; p = 0.001) primarily contributed to the increase in SA onset latency. A significant muscle ×body mass index ×fatigue interaction (F = 4.182; p = 0.008) was observed. In the fatigue/excess body weight condition, the UT was activated significantly earlier than the other three scapular muscles (p < 0.001) and SA activation was significantly delayed compared to LT (p < 0.001). Discussion Excess body weight, adjusted for skinfold thickness (axillary and subscapular) and fatigue, increases the onset latency of the MT, LT, and SA muscles and modifies the recruitment order of scapular muscles. In fact, the scapular stabilizing muscles (MT, LT, and SA) increase their onset latency in comparison to the UT muscle. These results were not observed when excess body weight was considered as an individual variable or when adjusted by the percentage body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile.,Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Institute of Physical Activity and Health, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | |
Collapse
|