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Li F, Gallego J, Tirko NN, Greaser J, Bashe D, Patel R, Shaker E, Van Valkenburg GE, Alsubhi AS, Wellman S, Singh V, Padilla CG, Gheres KW, Broussard JI, Bagwell R, Mulvihill M, Kozai TDY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5512. [PMID: 38951525 PMCID: PMC11217463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, produces an inflammatory cascade, triggers the foreign body response, and opens the blood-brain barrier. These changes can impede intracortical brain-computer interfaces performance. Using two-photon imaging of implanted microelectrodes, we test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation can reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following the implantation of microelectrodes. In the first week of treatment, we found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased microglia migration speed by 128%, enhanced microglia expansion area by 109%, and a reduction in microglial activation by 17%, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% and astrocytic scarring by 36% resulting in an increase in recording performance at chronic time. The data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation helps reduce the foreign body response around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Computational Modeling and Simulation PhD Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jazlyn Gallego
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha N Tirko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Derek Bashe
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rudra Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric Shaker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vanshika Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Camila Garcia Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Li B, Zhao A, Tian T, Yang X. Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14809. [PMID: 38923822 PMCID: PMC11197048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide-distributed, high-expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders. AIMS To systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases. METHOD We summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place-occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues. RESULTS The MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the "transportation hubs" to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Recent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - An‐ran Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Prieto ML, Maduke M. Towards an ion-channel-centric approach to ultrasound neuromodulation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2024; 56:101355. [PMID: 38505510 PMCID: PMC10947167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising technology that could revolutionize study and treatment of brain conditions ranging from mood disorders to Alzheimer's disease and stroke. An understanding of how ultrasound directly modulates specific ion channels could provide a roadmap for targeting specific neurological circuits and achieving desired neurophysiological outcomes. Although experimental challenges make it difficult to unambiguously identify which ion channels are sensitive to ultrasound in vivo, recent progress indicates that there are likely several different ion channels involved, including members of the K2P, Piezo, and TRP channel families. A recent result linking TRPM2 channels in the hypothalamus to induction of torpor by ultrasound in rodents demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a specific ion channel in a specific population of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loynaz Prieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West, B151 Beckman Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Merritt Maduke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West, B155 Beckman Center, Stanford, CA 94305
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Rabiet L, Arakelian L, Jeger-Madiot N, García DR, Larghero J, Aider JL. Acoustic levitation as a tool for cell-driven self-organization of human cell spheroids during long-term 3D culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1422-1434. [PMID: 38225905 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic levitation, which allows contactless manipulation of micro-objects with ultrasounds, is a promising technique for spheroids formation and culture. This acoustofluidic technique favors cell-cell interactions, away from the walls of the chip, which leads to the spontaneous self-organization of cells. Using this approach, we generated spheroids of mesenchymal stromal cells, hepatic and endothelial cells, and showed that long-term culture of cells in acoustic levitation is feasible. We also demonstrated that this self-organization and its dynamics depended weakly on the acoustic parameters but were strongly dependent on the levitated cell type. Moreover, spheroid organization was modified by actin cytoskeleton inhibitors or calcium-mediated interaction inhibitors. Our results confirmed that acoustic levitation is a rising technique for fundamental research and biotechnological industrial application in the rapidly growing field of microphysiological systems. It allowed easily obtaining spheroids of specific and predictable shape and size, which could be cultivated over several days, without requiring hydrogels or extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Rabiet
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lousineh Arakelian
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Jeger-Madiot
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Duván Rojas García
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Inserm U976, CIC-BT CBT501, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Aider
- Laboratoire Physique et mécanique des milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI, Paris, France
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Hahmann J, Ishaqat A, Lammers T, Herrmann A. Sonogenetics for Monitoring and Modulating Biomolecular Function by Ultrasound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317112. [PMID: 38197549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology, synergistically harnessed with genetic engineering and chemistry concepts, has started to open the gateway to the remarkable realm of sonogenetics-a pioneering paradigm for remotely orchestrating cellular functions at the molecular level. This fusion not only enables precisely targeted imaging and therapeutic interventions, but also advances our comprehension of mechanobiology to unparalleled depths. Sonogenetic tools harness mechanical force within small tissue volumes while preserving the integrity of the surrounding physiological environment, reaching depths of up to tens of centimeters with high spatiotemporal precision. These capabilities circumvent the inherent physical limitations of alternative in vivo control methods such as optogenetics and magnetogenetics. In this review, we first discuss mechanosensitive ion channels, the most commonly utilized sonogenetic mediators, in both mammalian and non-mammalian systems. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sonogenetic approaches that leverage thermal or mechanical features of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, we explore strategies centered around the design of mechanochemically reactive macromolecular systems. Furthermore, we delve into the realm of ultrasound imaging of biomolecular function, encompassing the utilization of gas vesicles and acoustic reporter genes. Finally, we shed light on limitations and challenges of sonogenetics and present a perspective on the future of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hahmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aman Ishaqat
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bao S, Kim H, Shettigar NB, Li Y, Lei Y. Personalized depth-specific neuromodulation of the human primary motor cortex via ultrasound. J Physiol 2024; 602:933-948. [PMID: 38358314 DOI: 10.1113/jp285613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation has the potential to boost neuronal plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1), but it remains unclear whether the stimulation of both superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex can effectively promote M1 plasticity. Here, we leveraged transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to precisely target M1 circuits at depths of approximately 5 mm and 16 mm from the cortical surface. Initially, we generated computed tomography images from each participant's individual anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI), which allowed for the generation of accurate acoustic simulations. This process ensured that personalized TUS was administered exactly to the targeted depths within M1 for each participant. Using long-term depression and long-term potentiation (LTD/LTP) theta-burst stimulation paradigms, we examined whether TUS over distinct depths of M1 could induce LTD/LTP plasticity. Our findings indicated that continuous theta-burst TUS-induced LTD-like plasticity with both superficial and deep M1 stimulation, persisting for at least 30 min. In comparison, sham TUS did not significantly alter M1 excitability. Moreover, intermittent theta-burst TUS did not result in the induction of LTP- or LTD-like plasticity with either superficial or deep M1 stimulation. These findings suggest that the induction of M1 plasticity can be achieved with ultrasound stimulation targeting distinct depths of M1, which is contingent on the characteristics of TUS. KEY POINTS: The study integrated personalized transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) with electrophysiology to determine whether TUS targeting superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex (M1) could elicit long-term depression (LTD) or long-term potentiation (LTP) plastic changes. Utilizing acoustic simulations derived from individualized pseudo-computed tomography scans, we ensured the precision of TUS delivery to the intended M1 depths for each participant. Continuous theta-burst TUS targeting both the superficial and deep layers of M1 resulted in the emergence of LTD-like plasticity, lasting for at least 30 min. Administering intermittent theta-burst TUS to both the superficial and deep layers of M1 did not lead to the induction of LTP- or LTD-like plastic changes. We suggest that theta-burst TUS targeting distinct depths of M1 can induce plasticity, but this effect is dependent on specific TUS parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shancheng Bao
- Program of Motor Neuroscience, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hakjoo Kim
- Program of Motor Neuroscience, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nandan B Shettigar
- Program of Motor Neuroscience, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yuming Lei
- Program of Motor Neuroscience, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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7
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Wang HC, Phan TN, Kao CL, Yeh CK, Lin YC. Genetically encoded mediators for sonogenetics and their applications in neuromodulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1326279. [PMID: 38188668 PMCID: PMC10766825 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1326279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonogenetics is an emerging approach that harnesses ultrasound for the manipulation of genetically modified cells. The great penetrability of ultrasound waves enables the non-invasive application of external stimuli to deep tissues, particularly advantageous for brain stimulation. Genetically encoded ultrasound mediators, a set of proteins that respond to ultrasound-induced bio-effects, play a critical role in determining the effectiveness and applications of sonogenetics. In this context, we will provide an overview of these ultrasound-responsive mediators, delve into the molecular mechanisms governing their response to ultrasound stimulation, and summarize their applications in neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nhan Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Kao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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8
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Kim H, Choi Y, Kim SY, Pahk KJ. Increased intracellular diffusivity of macromolecules within a mammalian cell by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106644. [PMID: 37844347 PMCID: PMC10587770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Whilst a number of studies have demonstrated that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapeutic ultrasound technique that can be used for delivering mild mechanical stimuli to target tissue non-invasively, the underlying biophysical mechanisms still remain unclear. Most mechanism studies have focused explicitly on the effects of LIPUS on the cell membrane and mechanosensitive receptors. In the present study, we propose an additional mechanism by which LIPUS propagation through living cells may directly impact intracellular dynamics, particularly the diffusion transport of biomolecules. To support our hypothesis, human epithelial-like cells (SaOS-2 and HeLa) seeded on a confocal dish placed on a microscope stage were exposed to LIPUS with various exposure conditions (ultrasound frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 3 MHz, peak acoustic pressure of 200 and 400 kPa, a pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz and a 20 % duty cycle), and the diffusivities of various sizes of biomolecules in the cytoplasm area were measured using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Furthermore, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) filled with macromolecules were used to examine the physical causal relationship between LIPUS and molecular diffusion changes. Nucleocytoplasmic transport coefficients were also measured by modified FRAP that bleaches the whole cell nuclear region. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activity (the phosphorylation dynamics) was monitored using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. All the measurements were taken during, before and after the LIPUS exposure. Our experimental results clearly showed that the diffusion coefficients of macromolecules within the cell increased with acoustic pressure by 12.1 to 33.5 % during the sonication, and the increments were proportional to their molecular sizes regardless of the ultrasound frequency used. This observation in living cells was consistent with the GUVs exposed to the LIPUS, which indicated that the diffusivity increase was a passive physical response to the acoustic energy of LIPUS. Under the 1 MHz LIPUS exposure with 400 kPa, the passive nucleocytoplasmic transport of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was accelerated by 21.4 %. With the same LIPUS exposure condition, both the diffusivity and phosphorylation of ERK induced by EGF treatment were significantly elevated simultaneously, which implied that LIPUS could also modify the kinase kinetics in the signal transduction process. Taken together, this study is the first attempt to uncover the physical link between LIPUS and the dynamics of intracellular macromolecules and related biological processes that LIPUS can possibly increase the diffusivity of intracellular macromolecules, leading to the changes in the basic cellular processes: passive nucleocytoplasmic transport and ERK. Our findings can provide a novel perspective that the mechanotransduction process that the intracellular region, in addition to the cell membrane, can convert the acoustic stimuli of LIPUS to biochemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojun Kim
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Joo Pahk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Shi Y, Wu W. Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress. BMC Med 2023; 21:372. [PMID: 37775758 PMCID: PMC10542257 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain conditions impose significant burdens worldwide. Pharmacological treatments like opioids have limitations. Non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies (NINPT) encompass diverse interventions including physical, psychological, complementary and alternative approaches, and other innovative techniques that provide analgesic options for chronic pain without medications. MAIN BODY This review elucidates the mechanisms of major NINPT modalities and synthesizes evidence for their clinical potential across chronic pain populations. NINPT leverages peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms to restore normal pain processing and limit central sensitization. However, heterogeneity in treatment protocols and individual responses warrants optimization through precision medicine approaches. CONCLUSION Future adoption of NINPT requires addressing limitations in standardization and accessibility as well as synergistic combination with emerging therapies. Overall, this review highlights the promise of NINPT as a valuable complementary option ready for integration into contemporary pain medicine paradigms to improve patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Yaakub SN, White TA, Roberts J, Martin E, Verhagen L, Stagg CJ, Hall S, Fouragnan EF. Transcranial focused ultrasound-mediated neurochemical and functional connectivity changes in deep cortical regions in humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5318. [PMID: 37658076 PMCID: PMC10474159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive technique for focally modulating human brain function. The mechanisms and neurochemical substrates underlying TUS neuromodulation in humans and how these relate to excitation and inhibition are still poorly understood. In 24 healthy controls, we separately stimulated two deep cortical regions and investigated the effects of theta-burst TUS, a protocol shown to increase corticospinal excitability, on the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functional connectivity. We show that theta-burst TUS in humans selectively reduces GABA levels in the posterior cingulate, but not the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Functional connectivity increased following TUS in both regions. Our findings suggest that TUS changes overall excitability by reducing GABAergic inhibition and that changes in TUS-mediated neuroplasticity last at least 50 mins after stimulation. The difference in TUS effects on the posterior and anterior cingulate could suggest state- or location-dependency of the TUS effect-both mechanisms increasingly recognized to influence the brain's response to neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Yaakub
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tristan A White
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jamie Roberts
- Department of Clinical Measurement and Innovation, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Eleanor Martin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Hall
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Elsa F Fouragnan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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Han DS, Lee CH, Shieh YD, Chang KV, Lin SH, Chu YC, Wang JL, Chen CC. Involvement of ASIC3 and Substance P in Therapeutic Ultrasound-Mediated Analgesia in Mouse Models of Fibromyalgia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1493-1505. [PMID: 37054767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound (tUS) is widely used in chronic muscle pain control. However, its analgesic molecular mechanism is still not known. Our objective is to reveal the mechanism of the tUS-induced analgesia in mouse models of fibromyalgia. We applied tUS in mice that have developed chronic hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular acidification and determined the tUS frequency at 3 MHz, dosage at 1 W/cm2 (measured output as 6.3 mW/cm2) and 100% duty cycle for 3 minutes having the best analgesic effect. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to probe the molecular determinants involved in tUS-mediated analgesia. A second mouse model of fibromyalgia induced by intermittent cold stress was further used to validate the mechanism underlying the tUS-mediated analgesia. The tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished by a pretreatment of NK1 receptor antagonist-RP-67580 or knockout of substance P (Tac1-/-). Besides, the tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished by ASIC3-selective antagonist APETx2 but not TRPV1-selective antagonist capsazepine, suggesting a role for ASIC3. Moreover, the tUS-mediated analgesia was attenuated by ASIC3-selective nonsteroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs)-aspirin and diclofenac but not by ASIC1a-selective ibuprofen. We next validated the antinociceptive role of substance P signaling in the model induced by intermittent cold stress, in which tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished in mice lacking substance P, NK1R, Asic1a, Asic2b, or Asic3 gene. tUS treatment could activate ASIC3-containing channels in muscle afferents to release substance P intramuscularly and exert an analgesic effect in mouse models of fibromyalgia. NSAIDs should be cautiously used or avoided in the tUS treatment. PERSPECTIVE: Therapeutic ultrasound showed analgesic effects against chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in the mouse model of fibromyalgia through the signaling pathways involving substance P and ASIC3-containing ion channels in muscle afferents. NSAIDs should be cautiously used during tUS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Health Science and Wellness Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Dar Shieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Cherng Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Ambattu LA, Yeo LY. Sonomechanobiology: Vibrational stimulation of cells and its therapeutic implications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021301. [PMID: 38504927 PMCID: PMC10903386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
All cells possess an innate ability to respond to a range of mechanical stimuli through their complex internal machinery. This comprises various mechanosensory elements that detect these mechanical cues and diverse cytoskeletal structures that transmit the force to different parts of the cell, where they are transcribed into complex transcriptomic and signaling events that determine their response and fate. In contrast to static (or steady) mechanostimuli primarily involving constant-force loading such as compression, tension, and shear (or forces applied at very low oscillatory frequencies (≤ 1 Hz) that essentially render their effects quasi-static), dynamic mechanostimuli comprising more complex vibrational forms (e.g., time-dependent, i.e., periodic, forcing) at higher frequencies are less well understood in comparison. We review the mechanotransductive processes associated with such acoustic forcing, typically at ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz), and discuss the various applications that arise from the cellular responses that are generated, particularly for regenerative therapeutics, such as exosome biogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial barrier modulation. Finally, we offer perspectives on the possible existence of a universal mechanism that is common across all forms of acoustically driven mechanostimuli that underscores the central role of the cell membrane as the key effector, and calcium as the dominant second messenger, in the mechanotransduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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13
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Zanos S, Ntiloudi D, Pellerito J, Ramdeo R, Graf J, Wallace K, Cotero V, Ashe J, Moon J, Addorisio M, Shoudy D, Coleman TR, Brines M, Puleo C, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the spleen activates an anti-inflammatory response in humans. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:703-711. [PMID: 37055009 PMCID: PMC10330863 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) activates mechanosensitive ion channels and is emerging as a method of noninvasive neuromodulation. In preclinical studies, FUS of the spleen (sFUS) activates an anti-inflammatory neural pathway which suppresses acute and chronic inflammation. However, the relevance of sFUS for regulating inflammatory responses in humans is unknown. Here, we used a modified diagnostic ultrasound imaging system to target the spleen of healthy human subjects with 3 min of continuously swept or stationary focused pulsed ultrasound, delivered at three different energy levels within allowable safety exposure limits. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of sFUS were assessed by measuring sFUS-elicited changes in endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in whole blood samples from insonified subjects. We found that stimulation with either continuously swept or focused pulsed ultrasound has an anti-inflammatory effect: sFUS lowers TNF production for >2 h, with TNF returning to baseline by 24 h following sFUS. This response is independent of anatomical target (i.e., spleen hilum or parenchyma) or ultrasound energy level. No clinical, biochemical, or hematological parameters are adversely impacted. This is the first demonstration that sFUS suppresses the normal inflammatory response in humans, with potential implications for noninvasive bioelectronic therapy of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Zanos
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Despoina Ntiloudi
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - John Pellerito
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Richard Ramdeo
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - John Graf
- General Electric (GE) Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA, 12309
| | - Kirk Wallace
- General Electric (GE) Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA, 12309
| | | | - Jeff Ashe
- General Electric (GE) Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA, 12309
| | - Jessica Moon
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Addorisio
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - David Shoudy
- General Electric (GE) Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA, 12309
| | - Thomas R Coleman
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Chris Puleo
- General Electric (GE) Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA, 12309
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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14
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Ingber DE. From tensegrity to human organs-on-chips: implications for mechanobiology and mechanotherapeutics. Biochem J 2023; 480:243-257. [PMID: 36821520 PMCID: PMC9987949 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The field of mechanobiology, which focuses on the key role that physical forces play in control of biological systems, has grown enormously over the past few decades. Here, I provide a brief personal perspective on the development of the tensegrity theory that contributed to the emergence of the mechanobiology field, the key role that crossing disciplines has played in its development, and how it has matured over time. I also describe how pursuing questions relating to mechanochemical transduction and mechanoregulation can lead to the creation of novel technologies and open paths for development of new therapeutic strategies for a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
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15
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Chu YC, Ho CY, Chuo Y, Wu HH, Wang JL. On minimal focal distance of a focused ultrasound probe for neuromodulation. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2023; 3:024002. [PMID: 36858995 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Focal distance is a key parameter for a focused ultrasound probe, especially in mouse brain stimulation where targets are right below the skull. A closed-form solution for the minimal focal distance with a given transducer size was derived in this study to facilitate precise focal spot alignment with targets in the mouse brain. The spherical profile corresponding to the minimal focal distance does not produce accurate focusing. An iterative algorithm based on Snell's law was introduced for lens profile calculation. With a suitable step size, an accurate lens profile can be obtained for the minimal focal distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Cherng Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan , , , ,
| | - Chien-Ying Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan , , , ,
| | - Yue Chuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan , , , ,
| | - Hao-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan , , , ,
| | - Jaw-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan , , , ,
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16
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Weak Ultrasound Contributes to Neuromodulatory Effects in the Rat Motor Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032578. [PMID: 36768901 PMCID: PMC9917173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a novel neuromodulating technique. It has been demonstrated that the neuromodulatory effects can be induced by weak ultrasound exposure levels (spatial-peak temporal average intensity, ISPTA < 10 mW/cm2) in vitro. However, fewer studies have examined the use of weak tFUS to potentially induce long-lasting neuromodulatory responses in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the lower-bound threshold of tFUS stimulation for inducing neuromodulation in the motor cortex of rats. A total of 94 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The sonication region aimed at the motor cortex under weak tFUS exposure (ISPTA of 0.338-12.15 mW/cm2). The neuromodulatory effects of tFUS on the motor cortex were evaluated by the changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In addition to histology analysis, the in vitro cell culture was used to confirm the neuromodulatory mechanisms following tFUS stimulation. In the results, the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of tFUS were found, showing increased intensities of tFUS suppressed MEPs and lasted for 30 min. Weak tFUS significantly decreased the expression of excitatory neurons and increased the expression of inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The PIEZO-1 proteins of GABAergic neurons were found to involve in the inhibitory neuromodulation. In conclusion, we show the use of weak ultrasound to induce long-lasting neuromodulatory effects and explore the potential use of weak ultrasound for future clinical neuromodulatory applications.
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