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Wang R, Lv L, Li L. Diagnostic performance of the gallbladder reporting and data system combined with color doppler flow imaging for gallbladder cancer in the Asian population. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1367351. [PMID: 38686188 PMCID: PMC11056497 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1367351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evaluating the performance of the Gallbladder Reporting and Data System (GB-RADS) combined with Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) for the diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening disease in an Asian population. Methods In this study, the lesions were classified and the actual incidence rate of malignant tumors was calculated for each GB-RADS category, following the guidelines provided by GB-RADS. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of GB-RADS and GB-RADS combined with CDFI, we plotted Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (AC) were also calculated. Inter-observer agreement (IRA) between the two observers was assessed using Kappa values. Results The incidence of malignancy risk for GB-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 9%, 12.5%, 72.2%, and 100%. The AUC for GB-RADS was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.800-0.900), with a sensitivity of 82.5%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 83.8%. The AUC of GB-RADS combined with CDFI was 0.965 (95% CI: 0.930-0.985), with a sensitivity of 96.2%, a specificity of 94.6%, and an accuracy of 95.2%. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of GB-RADS combined with CDFI for diagnosing gallbladder malignancy were higher than those of GB-RADS alone, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The IRA was excellent between the two observers (Kappa = 0.870). Conclusions GB-RADS combined with CDFI demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy when it comes to distinguishing various diseases that caused gallbladder wall thickening in the Asian population, which has good clinical value and can improve the detection rate of malignant tumors in patients with gallbladder wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Tang C, Geng Z, Wen J, Wang L, You Q, Jin Y, Wang W, Xu H, Yu Q, Yuan H. Risk stratification model for incidentally detected gallbladder polyps: A multicentre study. Eur J Radiol 2024; 170:111244. [PMID: 38043381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to develop a 4-level risk stratification model using a scoring system based on conventional ultrasound to improve the diagnosis of gallbladder polyp. METHOD Patients with histopathologically confirmed gallbladder polyps were consecutively recruited from three medical centres. Conventional ultrasound findings and clinical characteristics were acquired prior to cholecystectomy. Risk factors for neoplastic and malignant polyps were used to build a risk stratification system via interobserver agreement and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The model was retrospectively trained using 264 pre-surgical samples and prospectively validated using 106 pre-surgical samples. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and malignant polyp rate. RESULTS In total, 370 patients (mean age, 51.68 ± 14.41 years, 156 men) were enrolled in this study. Size (≥12 mm), shape (oblate or round), single, vascularity, gallbladder stone or sludge were considered risk factors for neoplastic polyps. Size (≥14 mm), shape (oblate), single, disrupted gallbladder wall, and gallbladder stone or sludge were risk factors for malignant polyps (all p < 0.05). In the scoring system, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of score ≥ 9 in diagnosing neoplastic polyps were 0.766, 0.788, and 0.876 respectively; and the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of score ≥ 15 in diagnosing malignant polyps were 0.844, 0.926, and 0.949 respectively. In our model, the malignancy rates at the four levels were 0 % (0/24), 1.28 % (2/156), 9.26 % (5/54), and 70.37 % (38/54), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 4-level risk stratification model based on conventional ultrasound imaging showed excellent performance in classifying gallbladder polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen), Fudan University, China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Zhidan Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Jiexian Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Lifan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China; Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, China
| | - Qiqin You
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (Qingpu Branch), China
| | - Yunjie Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen), Fudan University, China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital(Minhang Meilong), Fudan University (Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center), China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China.
| | - Haixia Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (Qingpu Branch), China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital(Minhang Meilong), Fudan University (Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center), China.
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Ceci L, Han Y, Krutsinger K, Baiocchi L, Wu N, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Gaudio E, Francis H, Alpini G, Kennedy L. Gallstone and Gallbladder Disease: Biliary Tract and Cholangiopathies. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4909-4943. [PMID: 37358507 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases are named primarily due to the blockage of bile flow and buildup of bile acids in the liver. Cholestasis can occur in cholangiopathies, fatty liver diseases, and during COVID-19 infection. Most literature evaluates damage occurring to the intrahepatic biliary tree during cholestasis; however, there may be associations between liver damage and gallbladder damage. Gallbladder damage can manifest as acute or chronic inflammation, perforation, polyps, cancer, and most commonly gallstones. Considering the gallbladder is an extension of the intrahepatic biliary network, and both tissues are lined by biliary epithelial cells that share common mechanisms and properties, it is worth further evaluation to understand the association between bile duct and gallbladder damage. In this comprehensive article, we discuss background information of the biliary tree and gallbladder, from function, damage, and therapeutic approaches. We then discuss published findings that identify gallbladder disorders in various liver diseases. Lastly, we provide the clinical aspect of gallbladder disorders in liver diseases and ways to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for congruent diagnosis. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4909-4943, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuyan Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelsey Krutsinger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Cekuolis A, Schreiber-Dietrich D, Augustinienė R, Taut H, Squires J, Chaves EL, Dong Y, Dietrich CF. Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082360. [PMID: 37190288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled "Incidental imaging findings-the role of ultrasound". IFs in the liver of newborns and children are rare and much less commonly encountered than in adults; as a result, they are relatively much more frequently malignant and life-threatening, even when they are of benign histology. Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the well-established first line imaging modality for the assessment of liver pathology in pediatric patients. US technological advances, resulting in image quality improvement, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), liver elastography and quantification tools for steatosis have expanded the use of ultrasound technology in daily practice. The following overview is intended to illustrate incidentally detected liver pathology covering all pediatric ages. It aims to aid the examiner in establishing the final diagnosis. Management of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLL) needs to take into account the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality, the patient's safety issues (including ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents), the delay in diagnosis, the psychological burden on the patient and the cost for the healthcare system. Moreover, this paper should help the pediatric clinician and ultrasound practitioner to decide which pathologies need no further investigation, which ones require interval imaging and which cases require further and immediate diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Cekuolis
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rasa Augustinienė
- Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Heike Taut
- Children's Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judy Squires
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Edda L Chaves
- Radiology Department, Hospital Regional Nicolas Solano, La Chorrera 1007, Panama
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permancence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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