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Jeffery-Smith A, Burton AR, Lens S, Rees-Spear C, Davies J, Patel M, Gopal R, Muir L, Aiano F, Doores KJ, Chow JY, Ladhani SN, Zambon M, McCoy LE, Maini MK. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells can persist in the elderly who have lost detectable neutralizing antibodies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e152042. [PMID: 34843448 PMCID: PMC8759779 DOI: 10.1172/jci152042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) can provide a recall response able to supplement waning antibodies (Abs) with an affinity-matured response better able to neutralize variant viruses. We studied a cohort of elderly care home residents and younger staff (median age of 87 years and 56 years, respectively), who had survived COVID-19 outbreaks with only mild or asymptomatic infection. The cohort was selected because of its high proportion of individuals who had lost neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), thus allowing us to specifically investigate the reserve immunity from SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs in this setting. Class-switched spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) tetramer-binding MBCs persisted 5 months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of age. The majority of spike- and RBD-specific MBCs had a classical phenotype, but we found that activated MBCs, indicating possible ongoing antigenic stimulation or inflammation, were expanded in the elderly group. Spike- and RBD-specific MBCs remained detectable in the majority of individuals who had lost nAbs, although at lower frequencies and with a reduced IgG/IgA isotype ratio. Functional spike-, S1 subunit of the spike protein- (S1-), and RBD-specific recall was also detectable by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay in some individuals who had lost nAbs, but was significantly impaired in the elderly. Our findings demonstrate that a reserve of SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs persists beyond the loss of nAbs but highlight the need for careful monitoring of functional defects in spike- and RBD-specific B cell immunity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jeffery-Smith
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England (now called UK Health Security Agency [UKHSA]), London, United Kingdom
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice R. Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabela Lens
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Patel
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England (now called UK Health Security Agency [UKHSA]), London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Gopal
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England (now called UK Health Security Agency [UKHSA]), London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Muir
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Aiano
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England (now called UKHSA), London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Yimmy Chow
- London Coronavirus Response Cell, Public Health England (now called UKHSA), London, United Kingdom
| | - Shamez N. Ladhani
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England (now called UKHSA), London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Zambon
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England (now called UK Health Security Agency [UKHSA]), London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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2
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Cotugno N, Zicari S, Morrocchi E, de Armas LR, Pallikkuth S, Rinaldi S, Ruggiero A, Manno EC, Zangari P, Chiriaco M, Bernardi S, Andrews SF, Cagigi A, Rossi P, McDermott AB, Pahwa S, Palma P. Higher PIK3C2B gene expression of H1N1+ specific B-cells is associated with lower H1N1 immunogenicity after trivalent influenza vaccination in HIV infected children. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108440. [PMID: 32330555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Perinatally HIV-infected children (PHIV), despite successful antiretroviral therapy, present suboptimal responses to vaccinations compared to healthy-controls (HC). Here we investigated phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of H1N1-specific B-cells (H1N1-Sp) in PHIV, differentially responding to trivalent-influenza-vaccine (TIV), and HC. Patients were categorized in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) according to hemagglutination-inhibition-assay at baseline and 21 days after TIV. No differences in H1N1-Sp frequencies were found between groups. H1N1-Sp transcriptional analysis revealed a distinct signature between PHIV and HC. NR presented higher PIK3C2B and NOD2 expression compared to R, confirmed by downregulation of PIK3C2B in resting-memory of R after H1N1 in-vitro stimulation. In conclusion this study confirms that qualitative rather than quantitative analyses are needed to characterize immune responses in PHIV. These results further suggest that higher PIK3C2B in H1N1-Sp of NR is associated with lower H1N1 immunogenicity and may be targeted by future modulating strategies to improve TIV responses in PHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley R de Armas
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiriaco
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bernardi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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3
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Amodio D, Santilli V, Zangari P, Cotugno N, Manno EC, Rocca S, Rossi P, Cancrini C, Finocchi A, Chassiakos A, Petrovas C, Palma P. How to dissect the plasticity of antigen-specific immune response: a tissue perspective. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 199:119-130. [PMID: 31626717 PMCID: PMC6954674 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of antigen-specific humoral responses following vaccination or infection requires the maturation and function of highly specialized immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), such as lymph nodes or tonsils. Factors that orchestrate the dynamics of these cells are still poorly understood. Currently, experimental approaches that enable a detailed description of the function of the immune system in SLO have been mainly developed and optimized in animal models. Conversely, methodological approaches in humans are mainly based on the use of blood-associated material because of the challenging access to tissues. Indeed, only few studies in humans were able to provide a discrete description of the complex network of cytokines, chemokines and lymphocytes acting in tissues after antigenic challenge. Furthermore, even fewer data are currently available on the interaction occurring within the complex micro-architecture of the SLO. This information is crucial in order to design particular vaccination strategies, especially for patients affected by chronic and immune compromising medical conditions who are under-vaccinated or who respond poorly to immunizations. Analysis of immune cells in different human tissues by high-throughput technologies, able to obtain data ranging from gene signature to protein expression and cell phenotypes, is needed to dissect the peculiarity of each immune cell in a definite human tissue. The main aim of this review is to provide an in-depth description of the current available methodologies, proven evidence and future perspectives in the analysis of immune mechanisms following immunization or infections in SLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Amodio
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - V. Santilli
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - P. Zangari
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - N. Cotugno
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - E. C. Manno
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - S. Rocca
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - P. Rossi
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - C. Cancrini
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - A. Finocchi
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - A. Chassiakos
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - C. Petrovas
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - P. Palma
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal InfectionsImmune and Infectious Diseases DivisionAcademic Department of PediatricsOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
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4
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Abstract
Immunology and philosophy have a rich history of dialogue. Immunologists have long been influenced by ideas from philosophy, notably the concept of 'self', and many philosophers have explored the conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations of immunology. Here, I discuss two aspects of this dialogue: biological individuality and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pradeu
- ImmunoConcept CNRSUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Institut d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniquesUniversité Paris 1 Panthéon SorbonneParisFrance
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5
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Laplane L, Mantovani P, Adolphs R, Chang H, Mantovani A, McFall-Ngai M, Rovelli C, Sober E, Pradeu T. Opinion: Why science needs philosophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3948-3952. [PMCID: PMC6410828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900357116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Laplane
- Institut d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques (UMR8590), CNRS & Panthéon-Sorbonne University, 75006 Paris, France
- Normal and Pathological Hematopoiesis (UMR1170), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Paolo Mantovani
- Department of Humanities, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 5PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hasok Chang
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University and Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20090 Milan, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Carlo Rovelli
- Centre de Physique Theorique de Luminy (UMR 7332), CNRS, Aix-Marseille-University, University of Toulon, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Elliott Sober
- Philosophy Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- Institut d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques (UMR8590), CNRS & Panthéon-Sorbonne University, 75006 Paris, France
- ImmunoConcept (UMR5164), CNRS & University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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6
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Amodio D, Cotugno N, Macchiarulo G, Rocca S, Dimopoulos Y, Castrucci MR, De Vito R, Tucci FM, McDermott AB, Narpala S, Rossi P, Koup RA, Palma P, Petrovas C. Quantitative Multiplexed Imaging Analysis Reveals a Strong Association between Immunogen-Specific B Cell Responses and Tonsillar Germinal Center Immune Dynamics in Children after Influenza Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:538-550. [PMID: 29237774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Generation of Ag-specific humoral responses requires the orchestrated development and function of highly specialized immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs. We used a multiparametric approach combining flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and histocytometry to analyze, for the first time to our knowledge in children, tonsils from seasonal influenza-vaccinated children. We used these novel imaging assays to address the mucosal immune dynamics in tonsils investigating the spatial positioning, frequency, and phenotype of immune cells after vaccination. Vaccination was associated with a significantly higher frequency of follicular helper CD4 T cells compared with the unvaccinated control group. The imaging analysis revealed that potential suppressor (FOXP3hi) CD4 T cells are mainly located in extrafollicular areas. Furthermore, a significantly reduced frequency of both follicular and extrafollicular FOXP3hi CD4 T cells was found in the vaccine group compared with the control group. Levels of circulating CXCL13 were higher in those vaccinated compared with controls, mirroring an increased germinal center reactivity in the tonsils. Notably, a strong correlation was found between the frequency of tonsillar T follicular helper cells and tonsillar Ag-specific Ab-secreting cells. These data demonstrate that influenza vaccination promotes the prevalence of relevant immune cells in tonsillar follicles and support the use of tonsils as lymphoid sites for the study of germinal center reactions after vaccination in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Amodio
- Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Macchiarulo
- Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rocca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Maria Rita Castrucci
- National Influenza Centre, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Histopathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo M Tucci
- Unit of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Immunogenicity Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Immunogenicity Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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7
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Abstract
Annual administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine is strongly recommended to reduce the burden of disease, particularly for persons at the highest risk for the viral infection. Even during years when there is a good match between the vaccine and circulating strains, host-related factors such as age, preexisting immunity, genetic polymorphisms, and the presence of chronic underlying conditions may compromise influenza vaccine responsiveness. The application of new methodologies and large-scale profiling technologies are improving the ability to measure vaccine immunogenicity and our understanding of the immune mechanisms by which vaccines induce protective immunity. This review attempts to summarize the general concepts of how host factors can contribute to the heterogeneity of immune responses induced by influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Castrucci
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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8
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Haugh M, Gresset-Bourgeois V, Macabeo B, Woods A, Samson SI. A trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip®): summary of almost 50 years of experience and more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in over 120 countries. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:545-564. [PMID: 28460594 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1324302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaxigrip, a trivalent split-virion, inactivated vaccine available since 1968 has been in use longer than any other influenza vaccine. It is the most widely-used influenza vaccine, with more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in more than 120 countries. Areas covered: The significant body of evidence that confirms the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of Vaxigrip in healthy individuals of all ages and at-risk populations is summarized. The results from at least 15 randomized efficacy trials and 15 other studies have demonstrated that vaccination with Vaxigrip is efficacious against various clinical endpoints. It was estimated that more than 37 million laboratory-confirmed influenza episodes, 476,000 influenza-related hospitalizations, and 67,000 influenza-related deaths have been avoided by the more than 1.8 billion doses of Vaxigrip that have been distributed, emphasizing its important public health impact. Expert commentary: This strong evidence base in favor of Vaxigrip provides a robust foundation to support the implementation of the quadrivalent formulation. This quadrivalent formulation of Vaxigrip contains two A and two B influenza strains (VaxigripTetra), and has a similar immunogenicity and safety profile to the trivalent formulation while offering broader protection due to the addition of the second influenza B strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Gresset-Bourgeois
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Bérengère Macabeo
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Anne Woods
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Sandrine I Samson
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
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9
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Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, George VK, de Armas LR, Pahwa R, Sanchez CM, Pallin MF, Pan L, Cotugno N, Dickinson G, Rodriguez A, Fischl M, Alcaide M, Gonzalez L, Palma P, Pahwa S. Paradoxical aging in HIV: immune senescence of B Cells is most prominent in young age. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1307-1325. [PMID: 28448963 PMCID: PMC5425129 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapies (cART)can lead to normal life expectancy in HIV-infected persons, and people aged >50 yrs represent the fastest growing HIV group. Although HIV and aging are independently associated with impaired humoral immunity, immune status in people aging with HIV is relatively unexplored. In this study influenza vaccination was used to probe age associated perturbations in the B cell compartment of HIV-negative "healthy controls" (HC) and virologically controlled HIV-infected participants on cART (HIV) (n=124), grouped by age as young (<40 yrs), middle-aged (40-59yrs) or old (>60 yrs). H1N1 antibody response at d21 post-vaccination correlated inversely with age in both HC and HIV. Immunophenotyping of cryopreserved PBMC demonstrated increased frequencies of double negative B cells and decreased plasmablasts in old compared to young HC. Remarkably, young HIV were different from young HC but similar to old HC in B cell phenotype, influenza specific spontaneous (d7) or memory (d21) antibody secreting cells. We conclude that B cell immune senescence is a prominent phenomenon in young HIV in comparison to young HC, but distinctions between old HIV and old HC are less evident though both groups manifest age-associated B cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rinaldi
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Varghese K. George
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lesley R. de Armas
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Celeste M. Sanchez
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Pallin
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Li Pan
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO) Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gordon Dickinson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Allan Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Margaret Fischl
- AIDS Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maria Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Louis Gonzalez
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO) Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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10
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de Armas LR, Cotugno N, Pallikkuth S, Pan L, Rinaldi S, Sanchez MC, Gonzalez L, Cagigi A, Rossi P, Palma P, Pahwa S. Induction of IL21 in Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Is an Indicator of Influenza Vaccine Response in a Previously Vaccinated HIV-Infected Pediatric Cohort. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1995-2005. [PMID: 28130496 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected patients of all ages frequently underperform in response to seasonal influenza vaccination, despite virologic control of HIV. The molecular mechanisms governing this impairment, as well as predictive biomarkers for responsiveness, remain unknown. This study was performed in samples obtained prevaccination (T0) from HIV-infected children who received the 2012-2013 seasonal influenza vaccine. Response status was determined based on established criterion for hemagglutination inhibition titer; participants with a hemagglutination titer ≥1:40 plus a ≥4-fold increase over T0 at 3 wk postvaccination were designated as responders. All children had a history of prior influenza vaccinations. At T0, the frequencies of CD4 T cell subsets, including peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cells, which provide help to B cells for developing into Ab-secreting cells, were similar between responders and nonresponders. However, in response to in vitro stimulation with influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) Ag, differential gene expression related to pTfh cell function was observed by Fluidigm high-density RT-PCR between responders and nonresponders. In responders, H1N1 stimulation at T0 also resulted in CXCR5 induction (mRNA and protein) in CD4 T cells and IL21 gene induction in pTfh cells that were strongly associated with H1N1-specific B cell responses postvaccination. In contrast, CD4 T cells of nonresponders exhibited increased expression of IL2 and STAT5 genes, which are known to antagonize peripheral Tfh cell function. These results suggest that the quality of pTfh cells at the time of immunization is important for influenza vaccine responses and provide a rationale for targeted, ex vivo Ag-driven molecular profiling of purified immune cells to detect predictive biomarkers of the vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley R de Armas
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Li Pan
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - M Celeste Sanchez
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Louis Gonzalez
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
| | - Alberto Cagigi
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infection, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136; and
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11
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Bamford A, Manno EC, Mellado MJ, Spoulou V, Marques L, Scherpbier HJ, Niehues T, Oldakowska A, Rossi P, Palma P. Immunisation practices in centres caring for children with perinatally acquired HIV: A call for harmonisation. Vaccine 2016; 34:5587-5594. [PMID: 27727030 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current national immunisation schedules differ between countries in terms of vaccine formulation, timing of vaccinations and immunisation programme funding and co-ordination. As a result, some HIV infected paediatric population may be left susceptible to vaccine preventable infections. Vaccines used in healthy population should be subjected to high quality ethical research and be explicitly validated for use in children with special vaccination needs such as those infected with HIV. This survey was completed to assess current vaccination practices and attitudes toward vaccination among pediatricians who care for vertically HIV infected children. METHODS An online questionnaire was completed by 46 experts in paediatric HIV-infection from the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA). Data were collected between November 2013 and March 2014. RESULTS 46units looking after 2465 patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of units (67%) reported that common childhood immunisation were administered by the family doctor or local health services rather than in the HIV specialist centre. Vaccination histories were mostly incomplete and difficult to obtain for 40% of the studied population. Concerns were reported regarding the use of live attenuated vaccines, such as varicella and rotavirus, and these were less frequently recommended (61% and 28% of the units respectively). Monitoring of vaccine responses was employed in a minority of centres (41%). A range of different assays were used resulting in diverse units of measurement and proposed correlates of protection. CONCLUSION Vaccination practices for perinatally HIV-infected children vary a great deal between countries. Efforts should be made to improve communication and documentation of vaccinations in healthcare settings and to harmonise recommendations relating to additional vaccines for HIV infected children and the use of laboratory assays to guide immunisation. This will ultimately improve coverage and vaccine induced immunity in this vulnerable patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Bamford
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma C Manno
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital "Bambino Gesu", Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Pediatric, "University of Rome Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Jose Mellado
- Servicio de Pediatría y Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vana Spoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Marques
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henriette J Scherpbier
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Niehues
- Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Oldakowska
- Pediatric Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital "Bambino Gesu", Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Pediatric, "University of Rome Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital "Bambino Gesu", Rome, Italy; Research Unit in Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immune and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy.
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12
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Wheatley AK, Kristensen AB, Lay WN, Kent SJ. HIV-dependent depletion of influenza-specific memory B cells impacts B cell responsiveness to seasonal influenza immunisation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26478. [PMID: 27220898 PMCID: PMC4879526 DOI: 10.1038/srep26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with HIV drives significant alterations in B cell phenotype and function that can markedly influence antibody responses to immunisation. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can partially reverse many aspects of B cell dysregulation, however complete normalisation of vaccine responsiveness is not always observed. Here we examine the effects of underlying HIV infection upon humoral immunity to seasonal influenza vaccines. Serological and memory B cell responses were assessed in 26 HIV+ subjects receiving ART and 30 healthy controls immunised with the 2015 Southern Hemisphere trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). Frequencies and phenotypes of influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cells were assessed by flow cytometry using recombinant HA probes. Serum antibody was measured using hemagglutination inhibition assays. Serological responses to IIV3 were comparable between HIV+ and HIV− subjects. Likewise, the activation and expansion of memory B cell populations specific for vaccine-component influenza strains was observed in both cohorts, however peak frequencies were diminished in HIV+ subjects compared to uninfected controls. Lower circulating frequencies of memory B cells recognising vaccine-component and historical influenza strains were observed in HIV+ subjects at baseline, that were generally restored to levels comparable with HIV− controls post-vaccination. HIV infection is therefore associated with depletion of selected HA-specific memory B cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne B Kristensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William N Lay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Héquet D, Pascual M, Lartey S, Pathirana RD, Bredholt G, Hoschler K, Hullin R, Meylan P, Cox RJ, Manuel O. Humoral, T-cell and B-cell immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients receiving anti-T cell therapies. Vaccine 2016; 34:3576-83. [PMID: 27219339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the impact of the anti-T-cell agents basiliximab and antithymocyte globulins (ATG) on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses after influenza vaccination in solid-organ transplant recipients. METHODS 71 kidney and heart transplant recipients (basiliximab [n=43] and ATG [n=28]) received the trivalent influenza vaccine. Antibody responses were measured at baseline and 6 weeks post-vaccination by hemagglutination inhibition assay; T-cell responses were measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assays and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS); and influenza-specific memory B-cell (MBC) responses were evaluated using ELISpot. RESULTS Median time of vaccination from transplantation was 29 months (IQR 8-73). Post-vaccination seroconversion rates were 26.8% for H1N1, 34.1% for H3N2 and 4.9% for influenza B in the basiliximab group and 35.7% for H1N1, 42.9% for H3N2 and 14.3% for influenza B in the ATG group (p=0.44, p=0.61, and p=0.21, respectively). The number of influenza-specific IFN-γ-producing cells increased significantly after vaccination (from 35 to 67.5 SFC/10(6) PBMC, p=0.0007), but no differences between treatment groups were observed (p=0.88). Median number of IgG-MBC did not increase after vaccination (H1N1, p=0.94; H3N2 p=0.34; B, p=0.79), irrespective of the type of anti-T-cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS After influenza vaccination, a significant increase in antibody and T-cell immune responses but not in MBC responses was observed in transplant recipients. Immune responses were not significantly different between groups that received basiliximab or ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Héquet
- Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lartey
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Rishi D Pathirana
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Bredholt
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Katja Hoschler
- Public Health England, Microbiology Services Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hullin
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Meylan
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca J Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Kling HM, Norris KA. Vaccine-Induced Immunogenicity and Protection Against Pneumocystis Pneumonia in a Nonhuman Primate Model of HIV and Pneumocystis Coinfection. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1586-95. [PMID: 26823337 PMCID: PMC4837913 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, and pulmonary colonization with P. jirovecii is believed to be a cofactor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is no vaccine for P. jirovecii; however, most adults are seropositive, indicating natural immune priming to this pathogen. We have shown that humoral response to a recombinant subunit of the P. jirovecii protease kexin (KEX1) correlates with protection from P. jirovecii colonization and pneumonia. METHODS Here we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the recombinant KEX1 peptide vaccine in a preclinical, nonhuman primate model of HIV-induced immunosuppression and Pneumocystis coinfection. RESULTS Immunization with KEX1 induced a robust humoral response remained at protective levels despite chronic simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV-induced immunosuppression. KEX1-immunized macaques were protected from Pneumocystis pneumonia, compared with mock-immunized animals (P= .047), following immunosuppression and subsequent natural, airborne exposure to Pneumocystis CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that stimulation of preexisting immunological memory to Pneumocystis with a recombinant KEX1 vaccine prior to immunosuppression induces durable memory responses and protection in the context of chronic, complex immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Kling
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Norris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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The generation of memory B cells is maintained, but the antibody response is not, in the elderly after repeated influenza immunizations. Vaccine 2016; 34:2834-40. [PMID: 27108193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The success of a vaccine in inducing a protective antibody response depends on the longevity of both long-lived plasma cells (PC) and memory B cells. We have previously shown that the in vivo antibody response to a new influenza vaccine, the ex vivo plasmablast response, the in vitro B cell function, measured by AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase), and the transcription factor E47, are significantly associated and decreased in elderly individuals. We hypothesized that because AID is decreased in the elderly, the ability to generate memory B cells would also be decreased, but our findings here show that memory B cells are maintained in the elderly probably due to further amplification in response to repeated vaccination. We recruited young and elderly individuals immunized in at least two consecutive influenza vaccine seasons in which the influenza A viral strains H1N1 and H3N2 in the vaccine were the same as in the previous year. PBMC were cultured with CpG/IL2 to measure the frequency of IgG vaccine-specific memory B cells. Serum antibody response was measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Blood plasmablasts were measured by flow cytometry. Surprisingly, the frequencies of influenza vaccine-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts were similar in young and elderly individuals, but the fold-increase in serum titers after vaccination was lower in the elderly although most of the elderly were seroprotected. We then measured the transcription factor Blimp-1, considered the master regulator of PC differentiation, and found it significantly reduced in cultures of B cells from elderly versus young individuals, as well as E47/AID and IgG secretion. Taken together, these results suggest an impaired memory B cell to PC differentiation in the elderly.
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16
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Cagigi A, Cotugno N, Rinaldi S, Santilli V, Rossi P, Palma P. Downfall of the current antibody correlates of influenza vaccine response in yearly vaccinated subjects: Toward qualitative rather than quantitative assays. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:22-7. [PMID: 26480951 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Response to seasonal influenza vaccination is currently evaluated by antibody correlates that estimate vaccine seroconversion as well as immune protection. These correlates rely on the general dogmas surrounding seasonal influenza vaccination; that is, that vaccine-induced antibodies would exclusively generate immunity to influenza vaccine strains and that protective immunity would wane before the next season. Here, we summarize recently reported data on immunity to seasonal influenza in healthy individuals and rediscuss results on yearly vaccinated pediatric immunocompromised patients that together highlight the need for revision of the current correlates of vaccine response to shift from quantitative to qualitative measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Santilli
- University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Chair of Pediatrics, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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17
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. B Cell-Specific Biomarkers for Optimal Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination and Molecular Pathways That Reduce B Cell Function with Aging. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:523-537. [PMID: 28845758 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent findings on the effects of aging on influenza vaccine responses, with major emphasis on T and B cells, which are significantly impaired by aging. We discuss changes in T cell production and thymic output; T cell subsets; and TCR repertoire, function, and response to latent persistent infection. We also discuss changes in B cell subsets, repertoire, and function, and how function is impaired by increased intrinsic B cell inflammation and reduced signal transduction. This review presents age-related effects on antigen-presenting cells, summarizes recent studies, including our own, aimed at the identification of biomarkers of protective vaccine responses, and provides examples of recent technical advances and insights into human vaccine responses that are helping to define the features associated with successful vaccination and that may enable a more predictive vaccinology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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18
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Hu Z, Luo Z, Wan Z, Wu H, Li W, Zhang T, Jiang W. HIV-associated memory B cell perturbations. Vaccine 2015; 33:2524-9. [PMID: 25887082 PMCID: PMC4420662 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Memory B-cell depletion, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, and impaired vaccine responses are the hallmark of B cell perturbations inhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Although B cells are not the targets for HIV infection, there is evidence for B cell, especially memory B cell dysfunction in HIV disease mediated by other cells or HIV itself. This review will focus on HIV-associated phenotypic and functional alterations in memory B cells. Additionally, we will discuss the mechanism underlying these perturbations and the effect of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on these perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhuang Wan
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Xitoutiao, You'an men wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Xitoutiao, You'an men wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Xitoutiao, You'an men wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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