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Maia AR, Cezard A, Fouquenet D, Vasseur V, Briard B, Sirard JC, Si-Tahar M, Hervé V. Preventive nasal administration of flagellin restores antimicrobial effect of gentamicin and protects against a multidrug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0136123. [PMID: 38526073 PMCID: PMC11064517 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01361-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a significant concern for chronic respiratory disease exacerbations. Host-directed drugs, such as flagellin, an agonist of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), have emerged as a promising solution. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic intranasal administration of flagellin against a multidrug-resistant strain of PA (PAMDR) in mice and assessed the possible synergy with the antibiotic gentamicin (GNT). The results indicated that flagellin treatment before infection decreased bacterial load in the lungs, likely due to an increase in neutrophil recruitment, and reduced signs of inflammation, including proinflammatory cytokines. The combination of flagellin and GNT showed a synergistic effect, decreasing even more the bacterial load and increasing mice survival rates, in comparison to mice pre-treated only with flagellin. These findings suggest that preventive nasal administration of flagellin could restore the effect of GNT against MDR strains of PA, paving the way for the use of flagellin in vulnerable patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Maia
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Adeline Cezard
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Delphine Fouquenet
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Benoit Briard
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR8204 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Virginie Hervé
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
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2
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Self-assembled flagella protein nanofibers induce enhanced mucosal immunity. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121733. [PMID: 36038418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibers are potential vaccines or adjuvants for vaccination at the mucosal interface. However, how their lengths affect the mucosal immunity is not well understood. Using length-tunable flagella (self-assembled from a protein termed flagellin) as model protein nanofibers, we studied the mechanisms of their interaction with mucosal interface to induce immune responses length-dependently. Briefly, through tuning flagellin assembly, length-controlled protein nanofibers were prepared. The shorter nanofibers exhibited more pronounced toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and inflammasomes activation accompanied by pyroptosis, as a result of cellular uptake, lysosomal damage, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Accordingly, the shorter nanofibers elevated the IgA level in mucosal secretions and enhanced the serum IgG level in ovalbumin-based intranasal vaccinations. These mucosal and systematic antibody responses were correlated with the mucus penetration capacity of the nanofibers. Intranasal administration of vaccines (human papillomavirus type 16 peptides) adjuvanted with shorter nanofibers significantly elicited cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, strongly inhibiting tumor growth and improving survival rates in a TC-1 cervical cancer model. This work suggests that length-dependent immune responses of nanofibers can be elucidated for designing nanofibrous vaccines and adjuvants for both infectious diseases and cancer.
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Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Qaradakhi T, Ali B, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V. Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:992. [PMID: 33498183 PMCID: PMC7863934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19), represents a catastrophic threat to global health. Protruding from the viral surface is a densely glycosylated spike (S) protein, which engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to mediate host cell entry. However, studies have reported viral susceptibility in intra- and extrapulmonary immune and non-immune cells lacking ACE2, suggesting that the S protein may exploit additional receptors for infection. Studies have demonstrated interactions between S protein and innate immune system, including C-lectin type receptors (CLR), toll-like receptors (TLR) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and the non-immune receptor glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Recognition of carbohydrate moieties clustered on the surface of the S protein may drive receptor-dependent internalization, accentuate severe immunopathological inflammation, and allow for systemic spread of infection, independent of ACE2. Furthermore, targeting TLRs, CLRs, and other receptors (Ezrin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4) that do not directly engage SARS-CoV-2 S protein, but may contribute to augmented anti-viral immunity and viral clearance, may represent therapeutic targets against COVID-19.
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Vijayan A, Van Maele L, Fougeron D, Cayet D, Sirard JC. The GM-CSF Released by Airway Epithelial Cells Orchestrates the Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of Flagellin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2873-2882. [PMID: 33008952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The TLR5 agonist flagellin is a potent adjuvant and is currently being developed for use in vaccines. The mechanisms that drive flagellin's activity are influenced by its administration route. Previous studies showed that lung structural cells (especially epithelial cells lining the conducting airways) are pivotal for the efficacy of intranasally administered flagellin-containing vaccines. In this study, we looked at how the airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the flagellin-dependent stimulation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells and the Ab response in mice. Our results demonstrate that after sensing flagellin, AECs trigger the release of GM-CSF in a TLR5-dependent fashion and the doubling of the number of activated type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, the neutralization of GM-CSF reduced cDC2s activation. This resulted in lower of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell count and Ab titers in mice. Our data indicate that during pulmonary immunization, the GM-CSF released by AECs orchestrates the cross-talk between cDC2s and CD4+ T cells and thus drives flagellin's adjuvant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Vijayan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fougeron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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5
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Koné B, Pérez‐Cruz M, Porte R, Hennegrave F, Carnoy C, Gosset P, Trottein F, Sirard J, Pichavant M, Gosset P. Boosting the IL-22 response using flagellin prevents bacterial infection in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:171-186. [PMID: 32324274 PMCID: PMC7366752 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung inflammatory disease being the fourth cause of death worldwide, is marked by acute exacerbations. These episodes are mainly caused by bacterial infections, frequently due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. This susceptibility to infection involves a defect in interleukin (IL)-22, which plays a pivotal role in mucosal defense mechanism. Administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) agonist, can protect mice and primates against respiratory infections in a non-pathological background. We hypothesized that TLR-5-mediated stimulation of innate immunity might improve the development of bacteria-induced exacerbations in a COPD context. Mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), mimicking COPD symptoms, are infected with S. pneumoniae, and treated in a preventive and a delayed manner with flagellin. Both treatments induced a lower bacterial load in the lungs and blood, and strongly reduced the inflammation and lung lesions associated with the infection. This protection implicated an enhanced production of IL-22 and involved the recirculation of soluble factors secreted by spleen cells. This is also associated with higher levels of the S100A8 anti-microbial peptide in the lung. Furthermore, human mononuclear cells from non-smokers were able to respond to recombinant flagellin by increasing IL-22 production while active smoker cells do not, a defect associated with an altered IL-23 production. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR-5 ligand reduces CS-induced susceptibility to bacterial infection in mice, and should be considered in therapeutic strategies against COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Koné
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - M. Pérez‐Cruz
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - R. Porte
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - F. Hennegrave
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Carnoy
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - P. Gosset
- Service d’Anatomo‐pathologieHôpital Saint Vincent de PaulLilleFrance
| | - F. Trottein
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - J.‐C. Sirard
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - M. Pichavant
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - P. Gosset
- Université de LilleCNRSInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
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6
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Golonka RM, Saha P, Yeoh BS, Chattopadhyay S, Gewirtz AT, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Harnessing innate immunity to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and ameliorate COVID-19 disease. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:217-221. [PMID: 32275178 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Piu Saha
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bina Joe
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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7
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Gestal MC, Howard LK, Dewan K, Johnson HM, Barbier M, Bryant C, Soumana IH, Rivera I, Linz B, Blas-Machado U, Harvill ET. Enhancement of immune response against Bordetella spp. by disrupting immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20261. [PMID: 31889098 PMCID: PMC6937331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens must evade clearance by the host immune system and the study of how they do this has revealed myriad complex strategies and mechanisms. Classical bordetellae are very closely related subspecies that are known to modulate adaptive immunity in a variety of ways, permitting them to either persist for life or repeatedly infect the same host. Exploring the hypothesis that exposure to immune cells would cause bordetellae to induce expression of important immunomodulatory mechanisms, we identified a putative regulator of an immunomodulatory pathway. The deletion of btrS in B. bronchiseptica did not affect colonization or initial growth in the respiratory tract of mice, its natural host, but did increase activation of the inflammasome pathway, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The mutant lacking btrS recruited many more B and T cells into the lungs, where they rapidly formed highly organized and distinctive Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) not induced by any wild type Bordetella species, and a much more rapid and strong antibody response than observed with any of these species. Immunity induced by the mutant was measurably more robust in all respiratory organs, providing completely sterilizing immunity that protected against challenge infections for many months. Moreover, the mutant induced sterilizing immunity against infection with other classical bordetellae, including B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, something the current vaccines do not provide. These findings reveal profound immunomodulation by bordetellae and demonstrate that by disrupting it much more robust protective immunity can be generated, providing a pathway to greatly improve vaccines and preventive treatments against these important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Laura K Howard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kalyan Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Clare Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Illiassou Hamidou Soumana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Israel Rivera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
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8
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Georgel AF, Cayet D, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Paget C, Sencio V, Dubuisson J, Trottein F, Sirard JC, Carnoy C. Toll-like receptor 5 agonist flagellin reduces influenza A virus replication independently of type I interferon and interleukin 22 and improves antiviral efficacy of oseltamivir. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:28-35. [PMID: 31078648 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza infections remain a burden on health care systems despite vaccination programs and marketed antiviral drugs. Immunomodulation through activation of innate sensors could represent innovative approaches to fight the flu. This study evaluated the ability of flagellin, agonist of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), to control the replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. First, we showed that systemic or intranasal administration of flagellin activated transcription of anti-viral genes in lung tissue. Prophylactic and therapeutic flagellin administration resulted in decreased levels of viral RNA and infectious virus in the lungs of H3N2 IAV-infected mice. The effect of the flagellin on viral replication was also observed in Ifnar-/- and Il22-/- IAV-infected mice, suggesting a mechanism independent of type I interferon and interleukin 22 signaling. In addition, a combination therapy associating the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and flagellin was more effective than standalone treatments in reducing pulmonary viral replication. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of the flagellin to control the replication of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-France Georgel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- Laboratoire Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Laboratoire Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Université de Tours, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
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9
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Matarazzo L, Casilag F, Porte R, Wallet F, Cayet D, Faveeuw C, Carnoy C, Sirard JC. Therapeutic Synergy Between Antibiotics and Pulmonary Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation in Antibiotic-Sensitive or -Resistant Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:723. [PMID: 31024555 PMCID: PMC6465676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract constitute a major cause of death worldwide. Given the constant rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, treatment failure is increasingly frequent. In this context, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Stimulation of innate immune cells in the respiratory tract [via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)] is an attractive approach for rapidly activating the body's immune defenses against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Previous studies of the TLR5 agonist flagellin in animal models showed that standalone TLR stimulation does not result in the effective treatment of pneumococcal respiratory infection but does significantly improve the therapeutic outcome of concomitant antibiotic treatment. Here, we investigated the antibacterial interaction between antibiotic and intranasal flagellin in a mouse model of pneumococcal respiratory infection. Using various doses of orally administered amoxicillin or systemically administered cotrimoxazole, we found that the intranasal instillation of flagellin (a dose that promotes maximal lung pro-inflammatory responses) induces synergistic rather than additive antibacterial effects against antibiotic–susceptible pneumococcus. We next set up a model of infection with pneumococcus that is resistant to multiple antibiotics in the context of influenza superinfection. Remarkably, the combination of amoxicillin and flagellin effectively treated superinfection with the amoxicillin-resistant pneumococcus since the bacterial clearance was increased by more than 100-fold compared to standalone treatments. Our results also showed that, in response to flagellin, the lung tissue generated an innate immune response even though it had been damaged by the influenza virus and pneumococcal infections. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the selective boosting of lung innate immunity is a conceptually advantageous approach for improving the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment and fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Matarazzo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fiordiligie Casilag
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Porte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frederic Wallet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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10
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Recombinant flagellins with deletions in domains D1, D2, and D3: Characterization as novel immunoadjuvants. Vaccine 2018; 37:652-663. [PMID: 30583910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin activates the innate immune system and ultimately the adaptive immune system through a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-dependent signaling mechanism. Given that TLR5 is widely distributed in epithelia, flagellin is currently being developed as a mucosal adjuvant. Flagellin FliC from Salmonella enterica has four domains: the conserved D0 and D1 domains and the hypervariable D2 and D3 domains. The deletion of D3 and partial deletion of D2 in the recombinant FliCΔ174-400 strongly impairs flagellin's intrinsic antigenicity but does not affect the TLR5-dependent immunostimulation activity, i.e., the capacity to promote innate responses and adaptive responses to co-administered antigens. Here, we describe the development of novel recombinant flagellins with various deletions encompassing all of D2 and D3, and part of D1. Most of the recombinant molecules conserved an α-helical secondary structure that was as resistant to heat denaturation as the native protein. Whereas the recombinant flagellins' ability to trigger TLR5 varied markedly in vitro, most gave equivalent in vivo TLR5-dependent innate immune responses following intranasal administration of 2 μg of flagellin to mice. Concordantly, the recombinant flagellins were also valuable respiratory adjuvants for eliciting antibody responses to the foreign antigen ovalbumin, although their intrinsic antigenicity was decreased compared to the native flagellin and not increased compared to FliCΔ174-400. Our results show that the additional deletions of D2 and the distal part of D1 of FliCΔ174-400 does not impact on antigenicity and does not significantly modify the immunostimulatory adjuvant activity. Altogether, this study generated a novel set of recombinant flagellin that constitutes a portfolio of TLR5-dependent candidate adjuvants for vaccination.
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11
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Laiño J, Villena J, Suvorov A, Zelaya H, Ortiz Moyano R, Salva S, Alvarez S. Nasal immunization with recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein and cell wall from immunobiotic bacteria improve resistance of infant mice to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206661. [PMID: 30395582 PMCID: PMC6218053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections and invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in high-risk groups are a major global health problem. Available human vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and low immunological memory in these populations, as well as high cost as a public health strategy in poor communities. In addition, no single pneumococcal protein antigen has been able to elicit protection comparable to that achieved using protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. In this context, chimeric pneumococcal proteins raise as potential good vaccine candidates because of their simplicity of production and reduced cost. The aim of this work was to study whether the nasal immunization of infant mice with the recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein (PSFP) was able to improve resistance to S. pneumoniae, and whether the immunomodulatory strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or its cell wall (CW1505) could be used as effective mucosal adjuvants. Our results showed that the nasal immunization with PSPF improved pneumococcal-specific IgA and IgG levels in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), reduced lung bacterial counts, and avoided dissemination of pneumococci into the blood. Of interest, immunization with PSPF elicited cross-protective immunity against different pneumococcal serotypes. It was also observed that the nasal immunization of infant mice with PSPF+CW1505 significantly increased the production of pneumococcal-specific IgA and IgG in BAL, as well as IgM and IgG in serum when compared with PSPF alone. PSPF+CW1505 immunization also improved the reduction of pneumococcal lung colonization and its dissemination in to the bloodstream when compared to PSPF alone. Our results suggest that immunization with PSPF together with the cell wall of the immunomodulatory strain L. rhamnosus CRL1505 as a mucosal adjuvant could be an interesting alternative to improve protection against pneumococcal infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Laiño
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
| | - Hortensia Zelaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Ortiz Moyano
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
- * E-mail: (JV); (AS); (SA)
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12
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van Aalst S, Jansen MAA, Ludwig IS, van der Zee R, van Eden W, Broere F. Routing dependent immune responses after experimental R848-adjuvated vaccination. Vaccine 2018; 36:1405-1413. [PMID: 29409680 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most traditional vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. Other routes of administration however, can induce equal or improved protective memory responses and might provide practical advantages such as needle-free immunization, dose sparing and induction of tissue-specific (mucosal) immunity. Here we explored the differences in immunological outcome after immunization with model antigens via two promising immunization routes (intradermal and intranasal) with or without the experimental adjuvant and TLR7/8-agonist R848. Because the adaptive immune response is largely determined by the local innate cells at the site of immunization, the effect of R848-adjuvation on local cellular recruitment, antigenic uptake by antigen-presenting cells and the initiation of the adaptive response were analyzed for the two routes of administration. We show a general immune-stimulating effect of R848 irrespective of the route of administration. This includes influx of neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells to the respective draining lymph nodes and an increase in antigen-positive antigen-presenting cells which leads for both intradermal and intranasal immunization to a mainly TH1 response. Furthermore, both intranasal and intradermal R848-adjuvated immunization induces a local shift in DC subsets; frequencies of CD11b+DC increase whereas CD103+DC decrease in relative abundance in the draining lymph node. In spite of these similarities, the outcome of immune responses differs for the respective immunization routes in both magnitude and cytokine profile. Via the intradermal route, the induced T-cell response is higher compared to that after intranasal immunization, which corresponds with the local higher uptake of antigen by antigen-presenting cells after intradermal immunization. Furthermore, R848-adjuvation enhances ex vivo IL-10 and IL-17 production after intranasal, but not intradermal, T-cell activation. Quite the opposite, intradermal immunization leads to a decrease in IL-10 production by the vaccine induced T-cells. This knowledge may lead to a more rational development of novel adjuvanted vaccines administered via non-traditional routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan van Aalst
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manon A A Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene S Ludwig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruurd van der Zee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Vijayan A, Rumbo M, Carnoy C, Sirard JC. Compartmentalized Antimicrobial Defenses in Response to Flagellin. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:423-435. [PMID: 29173868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Motility is often a pathogenicity determinant of bacteria targeting mucosal tissues. Flagella constitute the machinery that propels bacteria into appropriate niches. Besides motility, the structural component, flagellin, which forms the flagella, targets Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to activate innate immunity. The compartmentalization of flagellin-mediated immunity and the contribution of epithelial cells and dendritic cells in detecting flagellin within luminal and basal sides are highlighted here, respectively. While a direct stimulation of the epithelium mainly results in recruitment of immune cells and production of antimicrobial molecules, TLR5 engagement on parenchymal dendritic cells can contribute to the stimulation of innate lymphocytes such as type 3 innate lymphoid cells, as well as T helper cells. This review, therefore, illustrates how the innate and adaptive immunity to flagellin are differentially regulated by the epithelium and the dendritic cells in response to pathogens that either colonize or invade mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Vijayan
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - CONICET - National Universtity of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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14
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Bruxelle JF, Mizrahi A, Hoÿs S, Collignon A, Janoir C, Péchiné S. Clostridium difficile flagellin FliC: Evaluation as adjuvant and use in a mucosal vaccine against Clostridium difficile. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187212. [PMID: 29176760 PMCID: PMC5703446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of bacterial flagellin has been reported in different studies. By its close interaction with the immune system, the flagellin represents an interesting adjuvant and vaccine candidate. Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin has already been tested as adjuvant to stimulate mucosal immunity. Here, we assessed the ability of Clostridium difficile flagellin FliC to act as a mucosal adjuvant, first combined with ovalbumin as antigen and second with a C. difficile surface protein, the precursor of the S-layer proteins SlpA. Using ovalbumin as antigen, we compared the gut mucosal adjuvanticity of FliC to Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin and cholera toxin. Two routes of immunization were tested in a mouse model: intra-rectal and intra-peritoneal, following which, gut mucosal and systemic antibody responses against ovalbumin (Immunoglobulins G and Immunoglobulins A) were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay in intestinal contents and in sera. In addition, ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin producing cells were detected in the intestinal lamina propria by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot. Results showed that FliC as adjuvant for immunization targeting ovalbumin was able to stimulate a gut mucosal and systemic antibody response independently of the immunization route. In order to develop a mucosal vaccine to prevent C. difficile intestinal colonization, we assessed in a mouse model the efficacy of FliC as adjuvant compared with cholera toxin co-administrated with the C. difficile S-layer precursor SlpA as antigen. After challenge, a significant decrease of C. difficile intestinal colonization was observed in immunized groups compared to the control group. Our results showed that C. difficile FliC could be used as adjuvant in mucosal vaccination strategy against C. difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Assaf Mizrahi
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Hoÿs
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Anne Collignon
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Claire Janoir
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Péchiné
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé (UBaPS), Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Yang J, Sun Y, Bao R, Zhou D, Yang Y, Cao Y, Yu J, Zhao B, Li Y, Yan H, Zhong M. Second-generation Flagellin-rPAc Fusion Protein, KFD2-rPAc, Shows High Protective Efficacy against Dental Caries with Low Potential Side Effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11191. [PMID: 28894188 PMCID: PMC5593867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common global chronic diseases affecting all ages of the population; thus a vaccine against caries is urgently needed. Our previous studies demonstrated that a fusion protein, KF-rPAc, in which rPAc of S. mutans is directly fused to the C-terminal of E. coli-derived flagellin (KF), could confer high prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency against caries. However, possible side effects, including the high antigenicity of flagellin and possible inflammatory injury induced by flagellin, may restrict its clinical usage. Here, we produced a second-generation flagellin-rPAc fusion protein, KFD2-rPAc, by replacing the main antigenicity region domains D2 and D3 of KF with rPAc. Compared with KF-rPAc, KFD2-rPAc has lower TLR5 agonist efficacy and induces fewer systemic inflammatory responses in mice. After intranasal immunization, KFD2-rPAc induces significantly lower flagellin-specific antibody responses but a comparable level of rPAc-specific antibody responses in mice. More importantly, in rat challenge models, KFD2-rPAc induces a robust rPAc-specific IgA response, and confers efficient prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency against caries as does KF-rPAc, while the flagellin-specific antibody responses are highly reduced. In conclusion, low side effects and high protective efficiency against caries makes the second-generation flagellin-rPAc fusion protein, KFD2-rPAc, a promising vaccine candidate against caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Rong Bao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.,Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Bali Zhao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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16
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Cao Y, Zhang E, Yang J, Yang Y, Yu J, Xiao Y, Li W, Zhou D, Li Y, Zhao B, Yan H, Lu M, Zhong M, Yan H. Frontline Science: Nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway dendritic cells and subsequent IgA response. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:575-587. [PMID: 28522600 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0816-368rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin, as a TLR5 agonist, is an established mucosal adjuvant for enhancing mucosal IgA responses by i.n. immunization. Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are the first sentinel cells to be exposed to antigen and adjuvant in i.n. immunization, and it is suggested that they play an important role in the mucosal adjuvant activity of flagellin. However, the molecular mechanism leading to modulation and the response by flagellin-activated NECs remain unknown. We aimed to identify the soluble mediator(s) from flagellin-activated NECs that modulate the functions of airway dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance subsequent IgA response. In vitro studies showed that compared with the TLR4 agonist LPS, flagellin directly triggered slight up-regulation of CD80 on airway DCs but was insufficient to affect CD86 expression and DC-mediated IgA response. With the use of an in vitro system for culturing mouse primary NECs (mNECs), we demonstrated that flagellin-activated mNECs could functionally modulate airway DCs, which manifested as significant up-regulation of CD80/CD86 and enhancement of IgA production. The functional modulation of airway DCs was dependent on TLR5 activation of mNECs rather than direct TLR5 activation of airway DCs. With the use of cytokine array and antibody-blocking assays, we further identified that GM-CSF, a cytokine secreted from TLR5-activated mNECs, contributes to the activation of mNECs to airway DCs and subsequent IgA enhancement. In vivo blocking experiments confirmed that GM-CSF is an important factor in recombinant flagellin derived from Salmonella typhi (FliC)-induced airway DC activation and antigen-specific IgA enhancement. Our data directly demonstrate that nasal epithelial GM-CSF contributes to TLR5-mediated modulation of airway DCs and a subsequent IgA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Jie Yu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yang Xiao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Wei Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yaoming Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Bali Zhao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
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Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants induce innate immune responses and the addition of adjuvants to the vaccine helps to induce protective immunity in the host. Vaccines utilizing live attenuated or killed whole pathogens usually contain endogenous adjuvants, such as bacterial cell wall products and their genomic nucleic acids, which act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are sufficient to induce adaptive immune responses. However, purified protein- or antigen-based vaccines, including component or recombinant vaccines, usually lose these endogenous innate immune stimulators, so the addition of an exogenous adjuvant is essential for the success of these vaccine types. Although this adjuvant requirement is mostly the same for parental and mucosal vaccines, the development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants requires the specialized consideration of adapting the adjuvants to characteristic mucosal conditions. This review provides a brief overview of mucosa-associated immune response induction processes, such as antigen uptake and dendritic cell subset-dependent antigen presentation. It also highlights several mucosal vaccine adjuvants from recent reports, particularly focusing on their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Aoshi
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
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18
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Qian F, Yin J, Li M, Guo A, Li T, Zhou L, Wu X, Xu H. Intranasal immunization with a peptide conjugated to Salmonella flagellin induces both systemic and mucosal peptide-specific antibody responses in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:497-500. [PMID: 27301339 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mucosal adjuvant activity of Salmonella flagellin as a carrier in a conjugate of EXP153-rFliC was investigated. EXP153-rFliC was made by conjugation of a synthetic B-cell epitope peptide derived from Plasmodium falciparum exported protein-1(EXP153) to recombinant phase 1 flagellin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressed in Escherichia coli (rFliC), and used to immunize BALB/c mice via intranasal instillation. It was found that robust EXP153-specific serum IgG antibodies were induced without additional adjuvant. EXP153-specific sIgA antibodies were also induced, these being detected in bronchoalveolar, nasal, vaginal and intestinal washes. These observations demonstrate that Salmonella flagellin as a carrier is an effective mucosal adjuvant in that its conjugated peptide induces antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Aihua Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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Determinants of Divergent Adaptive Immune Responses after Airway Sensitization with Ligands of Toll-Like Receptor 5 or Toll-Like Receptor 9. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167693. [PMID: 27977701 PMCID: PMC5157987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive type 2 helper T cell responses to environmental antigens can cause immunopathology such as asthma and allergy, but how such immune responses are induced remains unclear. We studied this process in the airways by immunizing mice intranasally with the antigen ovalbumin together with either of two Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We found the TLR5 ligand flagellin promoted a type 2 helper T cell response, whereas, a TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) promoted a type 1 helper T cell response. CpG ODN induced mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)-12 p40, whereas, flagellin caused IL-33 secretion and induced mRNAs encoding IL-1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). By using mice deficient in the TLR and IL-1R signaling molecule, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs), and by cell sorting different lung populations after 2 hours of in vivo stimulation, we characterized the cell types that rapidly produced inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR stimulation. CpG ODN was likely recognized by TLR9 on cDCs and AMs, which made mRNA encoding IL-12. IL-12 was necessary for the subsequent innate and adaptive interferon-γ production. In contrast, flagellin stimulated multiple cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin, including AMs, DCs, monocytes, and lung epithelial cells. AMs were largely responsible for IL-1α, whereas lung epithelial cells made TSLP. Multiple hematopoietic cells, including AMs, DCs, and monocytes contributed to other cytokines, including IL-1β and TNFα. MyD88-dependent signals, likely through IL-1R and IL-33R, and MyD88-independent signals, likely from TSLP, were necessary in cDCs for promotion of the early IL-4 response by CD4 T cells in the draining lymph node. Thus, the cell types that responded to TLR ligands were a critical determinant of the innate cytokines produced and the character of the resulting adaptive immune response in the airways.
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Verma V, Tan W, Puth S, Cho KO, Lee SE, Rhee JH. Norovirus (NoV) specific protective immune responses induced by recombinant P dimer vaccine are enhanced by the mucosal adjuvant FlaB. J Transl Med 2016; 14:135. [PMID: 27184355 PMCID: PMC4869196 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of childhood gastroenteritis and foodborne diseases worldwide. Lack of appropriate animal models or cell-based culture systems makes the development and evaluation of NoV-specific vaccines a daunting task. VP1 is the major capsid protein of the NoVs that acts as a binding motif to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) through its protruding 2 (P2) domain and can serve as a protective antigen candidate for vaccine development. Methods Recombinantly produced NoV specific P domain (Pd) vaccine was inoculated into groups of mice either alone or in conjugation with mucosal adjuvant FlaB, the flagellar protein from Vibrio vulnificus. Antigen specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). A comparative analysis of various routes of vaccination viz. intranasal, sublingual and subcutaneous, was also done. Results In this study, we show that a recombinant Pd-vaccine administered through intranasal route induced a robust TH2-dependent humoral immune response and that the combination of vaccine with FlaB significantly enhanced the antibody response. Interestingly, FlaB induced a mixed TH1/TH2 type of immune response with a significant induction of IgG1 as well as IgG2a antibodies. FlaB also induced strong IgA responses in serum and feces. FlaB mediated antibody responses were toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) dependent, since the FlaB adjuvanticity was lost in TLR5−/− mice. Further, though the Pd-vaccine by itself failed to induce a cell mediated immune response, the Pd-FlaB combination stimulated a robust CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ T cell response in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. We also compared the adjuvant effects of FlaB with that of alum and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). We found that subcutaneously inoculated FlaB induced more significant levels of IgG and IgA in both serum and feces compared to alum or CFA in respective samples. Conclusion We validate the use of TLR5 agonist as a strong mucosal adjuvant that would facilitate the development of NoV specific vaccines for humans and veterinary use. This study also highlights the importance of route of immunization in inducing the appropriate immune responses in mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sao Puth
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
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