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Monson MS, Gurung M, Bearson BL, Whelan SJ, Trachsel JM, Looft T, Sylte MJ, Bearson SM. Evaluating two live-attenuated vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovar Reading in turkeys: reduced tissue colonization and cecal tonsil transcriptome responses. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1502303. [PMID: 39748866 PMCID: PMC11694450 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1502303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that cross-protect across serovars of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella) would be a beneficial intervention against emerging and persistent Salmonella isolates of concern for the turkey industry. The 2017-2019 foodborne outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Reading (S. Reading) revealed the need for effective control of this serovar in turkey production. This study evaluated two live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines, an internally developed cross-protective vaccine and a commercially available vaccine, against an outbreak-associated strain of S. Reading in turkeys. At 1 day and 3 weeks of age, male turkey poults were either mock-vaccinated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or given one of the vaccines by oral gavage (primary and booster) or aerosol spray (primary) then drinking water (booster). At 7 weeks of age, poults were challenged with 109 colony forming units (CFU) of S. Reading; a mock-vaccinated group was mock-challenged with PBS. Colonization of the cecal contents and cecal tonsil was 1.5-3 log10 CFU/g lower in vaccinated birds than mock-vaccinated birds at 7 and/or 14 days post-inoculation (DPI). Salmonella dissemination to the spleen was significantly reduced by both vaccines. Gene expression of intestinal transporters (such as SCNN1B and SLC10A2) and tight junction proteins was significantly decreased in the turkey cecal tonsil transcriptome at 2 DPI with S. Reading. Vaccination with either vaccine mitigated most cecal tonsil gene expression responses to S. Reading challenge. Therefore, both the internally developed vaccine and commercial vaccine were cross-protective against colonization and dissemination, and both were able to limit transcriptional changes from challenge in intestinal health-related genes in the cecal tonsil, thereby providing vaccination efficacy and impact data against S. Reading in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Monson
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Bradley L. Bearson
- Agroecosystems Management Research Unit, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Samuel J. Whelan
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Julian M. Trachsel
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Torey Looft
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Sylte
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shawn M.D. Bearson
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States
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Bansal G, Ghanem M, Sears KT, Galen JE, Tennant SM. Genetic engineering of Salmonella spp. for novel vaccine strategies and therapeutics. EcoSal Plus 2024; 12:eesp00042023. [PMID: 39023252 PMCID: PMC11636237 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0004-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a diverse species that infects both humans and animals. S. enterica subspecies enterica consists of more than 1,500 serovars. Unlike typhoidal Salmonella serovars which are human host-restricted, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are associated with foodborne illnesses worldwide and are transmitted via the food chain. Additionally, NTS serovars can cause disease in livestock animals causing significant economic losses. Salmonella is a well-studied model organism that is easy to manipulate and evaluate in animal models of infection. Advances in genetic engineering approaches in recent years have led to the development of Salmonella vaccines for both humans and animals. In this review, we focus on current progress of recombinant live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines, their use as a source of antigens for parenteral vaccines, their use as live-vector vaccines to deliver foreign antigens, and their use as therapeutic cancer vaccines in humans. We also describe development of live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines and live-vector vaccines for use in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bansal
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Khandra T. Sears
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James E. Galen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon M. Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Khaledi M, Khatami M, Hemmati J, Bakhti S, Hoseini SA, Ghahramanpour H. Role of Small Non-Coding RNA in Gram-Negative Bacteria: New Insights and Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Functions, and Potential Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01248-w. [PMID: 39153013 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are a key part of gene expression regulation in bacteria. Many physiologic activities like adaptation to environmental stresses, antibiotic resistance, quorum sensing, and modulation of the host immune response are regulated directly or indirectly by sRNAs in Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, sRNAs can be considered as potentially useful therapeutic options. They have opened promising perspectives in the field of diagnosis of pathogens and treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms. Identification of sRNAs can be executed by sequence and expression-based methods. Despite the valuable progress in the last two decades, and discovery of new sRNAs, their exact role in biological pathways especially in co-operation with other biomolecules involved in gene expression regulation such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), riboswitches, and other sRNAs needs further investigation. Although the numerous RNA databases are available, including 59 databases used by RNAcentral, there remains a significant gap in the absence of a comprehensive and professional database that categorizes experimentally validated sRNAs in Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we review the present knowledge about most recent and important sRNAs and their regulatory mechanism, strengths and weaknesses of current methods of sRNAs identification. Also, we try to demonstrate the potential applications and new insights of sRNAs for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Hemmati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahriar Bakhti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Mkangara M. Prevention and Control of Human Salmonella enterica Infections: An Implication in Food Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:8899596. [PMID: 37727836 PMCID: PMC10506869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8899596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen causing diarrhoeal disease to humans after consuming contaminated water, animal, and plant products. The bacterium is the third leading cause of human death among diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. Therefore, human salmonellosis is of public health concern demanding integrated interventions against the causative agent, Salmonella enterica. The prevention of salmonellosis in humans is intricate due to several factors, including an immune-stable individual infected with S. enterica continuing to shed live bacteria without showing any clinical signs. Similarly, the asymptomatic Salmonella animals are the source of salmonellosis in humans after consuming contaminated food products. Furthermore, the contaminated products of plant and animal origin are a menace in food industries due to Salmonella biofilms, which enhance colonization, persistence, and survival of bacteria on equipment. The contaminated food products resulting from bacteria on equipment offset the economic competition of food industries and partner institutions in international business. The most worldwide prevalent broad-range Salmonella serovars affecting humans are Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, and poultry products, among others, are the primary source of infection. The broader range of Salmonella serovars creates concern over multiple strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety for humans. Among the strategies for preventing and controlling Salmonella spread in animal and plant products include biosecurity measures, isolation and quarantine, epidemiological surveillance, farming systems, herbs and spices, and vaccination. Other measures are the application of phages, probiotics, prebiotics, and nanoparticles reduced and capped with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, Salmonella-free products, such as beef, pork, poultry meat, eggs, milk, and plant foods, such as vegetables and fruits, will prevent humans from Salmonella infection. This review explains Salmonella infection in humans caused by consuming contaminated foods and the interventions against Salmonella contamination in foods to enhance food safety and quality for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwanaisha Mkangara
- Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2958, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Costa VG, Costa SM, Saramago M, Cunha MV, Arraiano CM, Viegas SC, Matos RG. Developing New Tools to Fight Human Pathogens: A Journey through the Advances in RNA Technologies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2303. [PMID: 36422373 PMCID: PMC9697208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A long scientific journey has led to prominent technological advances in the RNA field, and several new types of molecules have been discovered, from non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to riboswitches, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and CRISPR systems. Such findings, together with the recognition of the advantages of RNA in terms of its functional performance, have attracted the attention of synthetic biologists to create potent RNA-based tools for biotechnological and medical applications. In this review, we have gathered the knowledge on the connection between RNA metabolism and pathogenesis in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We further discuss how RNA techniques have contributed to the building of this knowledge and the development of new tools in synthetic biology for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Infectious diseases are still a world-leading cause of death and morbidity, and RNA-based therapeutics have arisen as an alternative way to achieve success. There are still obstacles to overcome in its application, but much progress has been made in a fast and effective manner, paving the way for the solid establishment of RNA-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra C. Viegas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (V.G.C.); (S.M.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Rute G. Matos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (V.G.C.); (S.M.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.C.); (C.M.A.)
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Kang X, Yang Y, Meng C, Wang X, Liu B, Geng S, Jiao X, Pan Z. Safety and protective efficacy of Salmonella Pullorum spiC and rfaH deletion rough mutant as a live attenuated DIVA vaccine candidate. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101655. [PMID: 34991038 PMCID: PMC8743217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) causes pullorum disease (PD), which is an acute systemic disease, in chickens, and leads to serious economic losses in many developing countries because of its high morbidity and mortality rate in young chicks. The live-attenuated vaccine is considered to be an effective measure to control the Salmonella infection. In addition, the DIVA (differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals) feature without the interference of serological monitoring of Salmonella infection is an important consideration in the development of the Salmonella vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a S. Pullorum rough mutant S06004ΔspiCΔrfaH as a live attenuated DIVA vaccine candidate in chickens. The S06004ΔspiCΔrfaH exhibited a significant rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) phenotype which was agglutinated with the acriflavine, not with the O9 mono antibody. Compared to the wild-type, 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the rough mutant increased 100-fold confirmed its attenuation. The mutant strain also showed a decreased bacterial colonization in the spleen and liver. The immunization with the mutant strain had no effect on the body weight and no tissue lesions were observed in the liver and spleen. The high level of the S. Pullorum-specific IgG titers in the serum indicated that significant humoral immune responses were induced in the immunization group. The cellular immune responses were also elicited from the analysis of lymphocyte proliferation and expression of cytokines in the spleen. In addition, the S06004ΔspiCΔrfaH immunized group exhibited a negative response for the serological test, while the wild-type S06004 infection group was strongly positive for the serological test showing a DIVA capability. The survival rates in the vaccinated chickens were 87% after intramuscular challenge with wild-type S. Pullorum, while the survival rates were 20% in the control groups. Overall, these results have demonstrated that the rough mutant S06004ΔspiCΔrfaH strain can be developed as an efficient live attenuated DIVA vaccine candidate to control the systemic S. Pullorum infection without the interference of salmonellosis monitoring program in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Bearson SMD. Salmonella in Swine: Prevalence, Multidrug Resistance, and Vaccination Strategies. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:373-393. [PMID: 34699256 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-013120-043304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 1.3 million Salmonella infections and 420 deaths occur annually in the United States, with an estimated economic burden of $3.7 billion. More than 50% of US swine operations test positive for Salmonella according to the National Animal Health Monitoring System, and 20% of Salmonella from swine are multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) as reported by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. This review on Salmonella in swine addresses the current status of these topics by discussing antimicrobial resistance and metal tolerance in Salmonella and the contribution of horizontal gene transfer. A major challenge in controlling Salmonella is that Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen in humans but is often a commensal in food animals and thereby establishes an asymptomatic reservoir state in such animals, including swine. As food animal production systems continue to expand and antimicrobial usage becomes more limited, the need for Salmonella interventions has intensified. A promising mitigation strategy is vaccination against Salmonella in swine to limit animal, environmental, and food contamination. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M D Bearson
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA;
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A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Pre-Harvest Meat Safety Interventions in Pig Herds to Control Salmonella and Other Foodborne Pathogens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091825. [PMID: 34576721 PMCID: PMC8466550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest interventions to control the main foodborne pathogens in pork in the European Union. A total of 1180 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of Science for 15 pathogens identified as relevant in EFSA's scientific opinion on the public health hazards related to pork (2011). The study selection focused on controlled studies where a cause-effect could be attributed to the interventions tested, and their effectiveness could be inferred. Altogether, 52 studies published from 1983 to 2020 regarding Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella spp. were retained and analysed. Research was mostly focused on Salmonella (n = 43 studies). In-feed and/or water treatments, and vaccination were the most tested interventions and were, overall, successful. However, the previously agreed criteria for this systematic review excluded other effective interventions to control Salmonella and other pathogens, like Yersinia enterocolitica, which is one of the most relevant biological hazards in pork. Examples of such successful interventions are the Specific Pathogen Free herd principle, stamping out and repopulating with disease-free animals. Research on other pathogens (i.e., Hepatitis E, Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii) was scarce, with publications focusing on epidemiology, risk factors and/or observational studies. Overall, high herd health coupled with good management and biosecurity were effective to control or prevent most foodborne pathogens in pork at the pre-harvest level.
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Thibau A, Dichter AA, Vaca DJ, Linke D, Goldman A, Kempf VAJ. Immunogenicity of trimeric autotransporter adhesins and their potential as vaccine targets. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:243-263. [PMID: 31788746 PMCID: PMC7247748 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current problem of increasing antibiotic resistance and the resurgence of numerous infections indicate the need for novel vaccination strategies more than ever. In vaccine development, the search for and the selection of adequate vaccine antigens is the first important step. In recent years, bacterial outer membrane proteins have become of major interest, as they are the main proteins interacting with the extracellular environment. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are important virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacteria, are localised on the bacterial surface, and mediate the first adherence to host cells in the course of infection. One example is the Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), which is currently used as a subunit in a licensed vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis. Other TAAs that seem promising vaccine candidates are the Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter (Ata), the Haemophilus influenzae adhesin (Hia), and TAAs of the genus Bartonella. Here, we review the suitability of various TAAs as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Dichter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana J. Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Gil C, Latasa C, García-Ona E, Lázaro I, Labairu J, Echeverz M, Burgui S, García B, Lasa I, Solano C. A DIVA vaccine strain lacking RpoS and the secondary messenger c-di-GMP for protection against salmonellosis in pigs. Vet Res 2020; 51:3. [PMID: 31924274 PMCID: PMC6954585 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is the second most common food-borne zoonosis in the European Union, with pigs being a major reservoir of this pathogen. Salmonella control in pig production requires multiple measures amongst which vaccination may be used to reduce subclinical carriage and shedding of prevalent serovars, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Live attenuated vaccine strains offer advantages in terms of enhancing cell mediated immunity and allowing inoculation by the oral route. However, main failures of these vaccines are the limited cross-protection achieved against heterologous serovars and interference with serological monitoring for infection. We have recently shown that an attenuated S. Enteritidis strain (ΔXIII) is protective against S. Typhimurium in a murine infection model. ΔXIII strain harbours 13 chromosomal deletions that make it unable to produce the sigma factor RpoS and synthesize cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). In this study, our objectives were to test the protective effects of ΔXIII strain in swine and to investigate if the use of ΔXIII permits the discrimination of vaccinated from infected pigs. Results show that oral vaccination of pre-weaned piglets with ΔXIII cross-protected against a challenge with S. Typhimurium by reducing faecal shedding and ileocaecal lymph nodes colonization, both at the time of weaning and slaughter. Vaccinated pigs showed neither faecal shedding nor tissue persistence of the vaccine strain at weaning, ensuring the absence of ΔXIII strain by the time of slaughter. Moreover, lack of the SEN4316 protein in ΔXIII strain allowed the development of a serological test that enabled the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | | | - Enrique García-Ona
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Isidro Lázaro
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, 31610 Villava, Navarra Spain
| | - Javier Labairu
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, 31610 Villava, Navarra Spain
| | - Maite Echeverz
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Begoña García
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Cristina Solano
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
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11
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Cross-protective Salmonella vaccine reduces cecal and splenic colonization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg. Vaccine 2019; 37:1255-1259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Eeckhaut V, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. Oral vaccination with a live Salmonella Enteritidis/Typhimurium bivalent vaccine in layers induces cross-protection against caecal and internal organ colonization by a Salmonella Infantis strain. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:7-12. [PMID: 29685223 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is an important zoonotic agent, and poultry products remain one of the main sources of infection for humans. Salmonella Infantis is an emerging serotype in poultry worldwide, reflected by an increased prevalence in poultry flocks, on broiler meat and in human foodborne illness cases. In the current study, the efficacy of oral administration of a live monovalent Salmonella Enteritidis and a live bivalent Salmonella Enteritidis/Typhimurium vaccine, against a Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis infection, was determined. Oral administration of the live vaccines to day-old chickens caused a decrease in caecal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis, but not Infantis, at day 7, when challenged at day 2. Vaccination with the bivalent vaccine at day 1 resulted in a decreased spleen colonization by both Salmonella Infantis and Enteritidis. Twice (at day 1 and week 6) and thrice vaccination (at day 1, week 6 and 16) of laying hens with the bivalent vaccine resulted in a decreased caecal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis, and significantly lower oviduct colonization levels by Salmonella Enteritidis. These data show cross-protection against Salmonella Infantis by oral administration of live vaccine strains belonging to other serogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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13
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Smith RP, Andres V, Martelli F, Gosling B, Marco-Jimenez F, Vaughan K, Tchorzewska M, Davies R. Maternal vaccination as a Salmonella Typhimurium reduction strategy on pig farms. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:274-285. [PMID: 29024207 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The control of Salmonella in pig production is necessary for public and animal health, and vaccination was evaluated as a strategy to decrease pig prevalence. METHODS AND RESULTS The study examined the efficacy of a live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine, administered to sows on eight commercial farrow-to-finish herds experiencing clinical salmonellosis or Salmonella carriage associated with S. Typhimurium or its monophasic variants. Results of longitudinal Salmonella sampling were compared against eight similarly selected and studied control farms. At the last visit (~14 months after the start of vaccination), when all finishing stock had been born to vaccinated sows, both faecal shedding and environmental prevalence of Salmonella substantially declined on the majority of vaccinated farms in comparison to the controls. A higher proportion of vaccine farms resolved clinical salmonellosis than controls. However, Salmonella counts in positive faeces samples were similar between nonvaccinated and vaccinated herds. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that maternal vaccination is a suitable option for a Salmonella Typhimurium reduction strategy in farrow-to-finish pig herds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Salmonella vaccines have the potential to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs and result in a reduction of human cases attributed to pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Smith
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - V Andres
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Martelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - B Gosling
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Marco-Jimenez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - M Tchorzewska
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R Davies
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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14
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Bearson BL, Bearson SMD, Looft T, Cai G, Shippy DC. Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Outbreak Strain in Commercial Turkeys: Colonization, Transmission, and Host Transcriptional Response. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:156. [PMID: 28993809 PMCID: PMC5622158 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) has been associated with numerous human foodborne illness outbreaks due to consumption of poultry. For example, in 2011, an MDR S. Heidelberg outbreak associated with ground turkey sickened 136 individuals and resulted in 1 death. In response to this outbreak, 36 million pounds of ground turkey were recalled, one of the largest meat recalls in U.S. history. To investigate colonization of turkeys with an MDR S. Heidelberg strain isolated from the ground turkey outbreak, two turkey trials were performed. In experiment 1, 3-week-old turkeys were inoculated with 108 or 1010 CFU of the MDR S. Heidelberg isolate, and fecal shedding and tissue colonization were detected following colonization for up to 14 days. Turkey gene expression in response to S. Heidelberg exposure revealed 18 genes that were differentially expressed at 2 days following inoculation compared to pre-inoculation. In a second trial, 1-day-old poults were inoculated with 104 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg to monitor transmission of Salmonella from inoculated poults (index group) to naive penmates (sentinel group). The transmission of MDR S. Heidelberg from index to sentinel poults was efficient with cecum colonization increasing 2 Log10 CFU above the inoculum dose at 9 days post-inoculation. This differed from the 3-week-old poults inoculated with 1010 CFU of MDR S. Heidelberg in experiment 1 as Salmonella fecal shedding and tissue colonization decreased over the 14-day period compared to the inoculum dose. These data suggest that young poults are susceptible to colonization by MDR S. Heidelberg, and interventions must target turkeys when they are most vulnerable to prevent Salmonella colonization and transmission in the flock. Together, the data support the growing body of literature indicating that Salmonella establishes a commensal-like condition in livestock and poultry, contributing to the asymptomatic carrier status of the human foodborne pathogen in our animal food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Bearson
- National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shawn M D Bearson
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Torey Looft
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Daniel C Shippy
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Ames, IA, United States
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15
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Bearson BL, Bearson SMD, Brunelle BW, Bayles DO, Lee IS, Kich JD. Salmonella DIVA vaccine reduces disease, colonization and shedding due to virulent S. Typhimurium infection in swine. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:651-661. [PMID: 28516860 PMCID: PMC5817229 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-host-adapted Salmonella serovars, including the common human food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), are opportunistic pathogens that can colonize food-producing animals without causing overt disease. Interventions against Salmonella are needed to enhance food safety, protect animal health and allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). METHODOLOGY An attenuated S. Typhimurium DIVA vaccine (BBS 866) was characterized for the protection of pigs following challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium. The porcine transcriptional response to BBS 866 vaccination was evaluated. RNA-Seq analysis was used to compare gene expression between BBS 866 and its parent; phenotypic assays were performed to confirm transcriptional differences observed between the strains. RESULTS Vaccination significantly reduced fever and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) levels in swine challenged with virulent S. Typhimurium compared to mock-vaccinated pigs. Salmonella faecal shedding and gastrointestinal tissue colonization were significantly lower in vaccinated swine. RNA-Seq analysis comparing BBS 866 to its parental S. Typhimurium strain demonstrated reduced expression of the genes involved in cellular invasion and bacterial motility; decreased invasion of porcine-derived IPEC-J2 cells and swimming motility for the vaccine strain was consistent with the RNA-Seq analysis. Numerous membrane proteins were differentially expressed, which was an anticipated gene expression pattern due to the targeted deletion of several regulatory genes in the vaccine strain. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that genes involved in the porcine immune and inflammatory response were differentially regulated at 2 days post-vaccination compared to pre-vaccination. CONCLUSION Evaluation of the S. Typhimurium DIVA vaccine indicates that vaccination will provide both swine health and food safety benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Bearson
- USDA/ARS/National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | - In Soo Lee
- Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Guo R, Jiao Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Fei X, Geng S, Pan Z, Chen X, Li Q, Jiao X. Safety, Protective Immunity, and DIVA Capability of a Rough Mutant Salmonella Pullorum Vaccine Candidate in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28424675 PMCID: PMC5380749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (Salmonella Pullorum) is highly adapted to chickens causing an acute systemic disease that results in high mortality. Vaccination represents one approach for promoting animal health, food safety and reducing environmental persistence in Salmonella control. An important consideration is that Salmonella vaccination in poultry should not interfere with the salmonellosis monitoring program. This is the basis of the DIVA (Differentiation of Infected and Vaccinated Animals) program. In order to achieve this goal, waaL mutant was developed on a spiC mutant that was developed previously. The safety, efficacy, and DIVA features of this vaccine candidate (Salmonella Pullorum ΔspiCΔwaaL) were evaluated in broilers. Our results show that the truncated LPS in the vaccine strain has a differentiating use as both a bacteriological marker (rough phenotype) and also as a serological marker facilitating the differentiation between infected and vaccinated chickens. The rough mutant showed adequate safety being avirulent in the host chicks and showed increased sensitivity to environmental stresses. Single intramuscular immunization of day-old broiler chicks with the mutant confers ideal protection against lethal wild type challenge by significantly stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses as well as reducing the colonization of the challenge strain. Significantly lower mean pathology scores were observed in the vaccination group compared to the control group. Additionally, the mutant strain generated cross-protection against challenge with the wild type Salmonella Gallinarum thereby improving survival and with the wild type Salmonella Enteritidis thereby reducing colonization. These results suggest that the double-mutant strain may be a safe, effective, and cross-protective vaccine against Salmonella infection in chicks while conforming to the requirements of the DIVA program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou, China
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17
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Jiao Y, Guo R, Tang P, Kang X, Yin J, Wu K, Geng S, Li Q, Sun J, Xu X, Zhou X, Gan J, Jiao X, Liu X, Pan Z. Signature-tagged mutagenesis screening revealed a novel smooth-to-rough transition determinant of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:48. [PMID: 28253852 PMCID: PMC5335844 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens for humans. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a component of the outer membrane, is responsible for the virulence and smooth-to-rough transition in S. Enteritidis. In this study, we screened S. Enteritidis signature-tagged transposon mutant library using monoclonal antibody against somatic O9 antigen (O9 MAb) and O9 factor rabbit antiserum to identify novel genes that are involved in smooth-to-rough transition. Results A total of 480 mutants were screened and one mutant with transposon insertion in rfbG gene had smooth-to-rough transition phenotype. In order to verify the role of rfbG gene, an rfbG insertion or deletion mutant was constructed using λ-Red recombination system. Phenotypic and biological analysis revealed that rfbG insertion or deletion mutants were similar to the wild-type strain in growth rate and biochemical properties, but the swimming motility was reduced. SE Slide Agglutination test and ELISA test showed that rfbG mutants do not stimulate animals to produce agglutinating antibody. In addition, the half-lethal dose (LD50) of the rfbG deletion mutant strain was 106.6 -fold higher than that of the parent strain in a mouse model when injected intraperitoneally. Conclusions These data indicate that the rfbG gene is involved in smooth-to-rough transition, swimming motility and virulence of S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, somatic O-antigen antibody-based approach to screen signature-tagged transposon mutants is feasible to clarify LPS biosynthesis and to find suitable markers in DIVA-vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Rongxian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Junlei Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Junji Gan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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18
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Arya G, Holtslander R, Robertson J, Yoshida C, Harris J, Parmley J, Nichani A, Johnson R, Poppe C. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Genoserotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Prevention and Control of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Garrett SB, Garrison-Schilling KL, Cooke JT, Pettis GS. Capsular polysaccharide production and serum survival of Vibrio vulnificus are dependent on antitermination control by RfaH. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4564-4572. [PMID: 27859050 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus undergoes phase variation among colonial morphotypes, including a virulent opaque form which produces capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and a translucent phenotype that produces little or no CPS and is attenuated. Here, we found that a V. vulnificus mutant defective for RfaH antitermination control showed a diminished capacity to undergo phase variation and displayed significantly reduced distal gene expression within the Group I CPS operon. Moreover, the rfaH mutant produced negligible CPS and was highly sensitive to killing by normal human serum, results which indicate that RfaH is likely essential for virulence in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana B Garrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Gregg S Pettis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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20
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Gebauer J, Kudlackova H, Kosina M, Kovarcik K, Tesarik R, Osvaldova A, Faldyna M, Matiasovic J. A proteomic approach to the development of DIVA ELISA distinguishing pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and pigs vaccinated with a Salmonella Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:252. [PMID: 27835998 PMCID: PMC5106837 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common enteropathogenic bacteria found in pigs in Europe. In our previous work, we demonstrated the protective effects in suckling piglets when their dams had been vaccinated with an S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine. This study is focused on a procedure leading to serological discrimination between vaccinated and infected pigs. As we supposed, distinct environment during natural infection and in bacterial cultures used for vaccine preparation led to a slightly different spectrum of expressed S. Typhimurium proteins. The examination of porcine antibodies produced after the experimental infection with S. Typhimurium or after vaccination with S. Typhimurium-based inactivated vaccine by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed differences in antibody response applicable for serological differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. RESULTS Antibodies against Salmonella SipB, SipD and SseB proteins were detected at much higher levels in post-infection sera in comparison with control and post-vaccination sera. On the other hand, proteins BamB, OppA and a fragment of FliC interacted with antibodies from post-vaccination sera with a much higher intensity than from control and post-infection sera. In addition, we constructed ELISA assays using post-infection antigen - SipB protein and post-vaccination antigen - FliC-fragment and evaluated them on a panel of individual porcine sera. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of antibody response of infected and vaccinated pigs by proteomic tools enabled to identify S. Typhimurium antigens useful for distinguishing infected from vaccinated animals. This approach can be utilized in other challenges where DIVA vaccine and a subsequent serological assay are required, especially when genetic modification of a vaccine strain is not desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gebauer
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Kudlackova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Kosina
- Bioveta a. s., Komenskeho212/12, 683 23, Ivanovice na Hane, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kovarcik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Tesarik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Osvaldova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
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