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Lenoir P, Guillet J, Desmarets M, Baraquin A, Ramanah R, Rousse J, Mougin C, Lepiller Q, Prétet JL. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among high-grade cervical lesions in French women born between 1972 and 1993. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2025; 54:102945. [PMID: 40122237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2025.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation of HPV vaccination programmes may induce significant changes in the distribution of HPV genotypes detected in cervical (pre-)cancers. METHODS In a multicentre study in France, we investigated the distribution of HPV genotypes using a sensitive molecular technique in 611 histological specimens diagnosed with high-grade lesions (CIN2/3) in a large cohort of women born between 1972 and 1993. Women born after 1983 were potentially vaccinated because of their young age. RESULTS High-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 93.4 % of women and 24.4 % had a multiple infections. HPV16/18 genotypes were more frequently associated with CIN3 than with CIN2 lesions (66 % vs. 57 %, p = 0.045). The prevalence of HPV16 and HV18 genotypes did not change according to the year of birth. CONCLUSION Contrary to previous descriptions in countries with a high HPV vaccination coverage, we did not observe difference in the prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 genotypes in CIN2/3 lesions after the introduction of HPV vaccination in France, in a context of low national vaccination coverage. CLINICALTRIALS GOV ID NCT04167501.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Guillet
- Département de Chirurgie Orale, Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Maxime Desmarets
- CHU Besançon, Unité de méthodologie en recherche clinique épidémiologique et santé publique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Alice Baraquin
- CHU Besançon, Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Rajeev Ramanah
- CHU Besançon, Service de Gynécologie, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Justine Rousse
- CHU Besançon, Unité de méthodologie en recherche clinique épidémiologique et santé publique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- CHU Besançon, Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, UMR U1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Quentin Lepiller
- CHU Besançon, Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249), F-25000 Besançon, France; CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de virologie, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- CHU Besançon, Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CHU Besançon, CNRS, Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249), F-25000 Besançon, France; CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Salman L, Gien LT, Vicus D, Shier M, Kupets R, Gibbons S, Ashfaq S, Severini A, Covens A. What Are the Current HPV Types Contributing to Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Adenocarcinoma In Situ, and Early Cervical Cancer? JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2025; 47:102783. [PMID: 39894352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2025.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types by genotyping high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and early-stage invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in patients who have been exposed or are naïve to the HPV vaccine. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. All patients over the age of 18 years who presented to the colposcopy clinic with HSIL, AIS, or ICC who were expected to undergo a cervical biopsy, loop electrosurgical excisional procedure, or cone biopsy were eligible and approached for informed consent. HPV typing was performed to identify the causative HPV types. RESULTS Between November 2016 and May 2023, 113 patients (34 vaccinated with at least 1 dose, and 79 non-vaccinated) consented to this study. The median ages at coitarche and study entry were 18 (range 14-37) and 34 (range 24-66) years, respectively. Only 3 patients were vaccinated prior to coitarche. Histology was as follows: HSIL = 97, AIS = 9, HSIL and AIS = 2, squamous cell carcinoma = 4, and 1 patient with adenocarcinoma. The causative HPV type was 16 or 18 in 59% of the vaccinated group and in 66% of the non-vaccinated group. Most vaccinated patients (74%) reported receiving 2-3 doses of HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, the distribution of causative HPV 16 and 18 in patients presenting with HSIL/AIS/ICC was similar between vaccine-naïve and vaccinated patients. This data suggests cervical screening guidelines should not differentiate between "vaccinated" and "non-vaccinated" women without further details of their vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Salman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - Lilian T Gien
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Danielle Vicus
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Michael Shier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Rachel Kupets
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Suzanne Gibbons
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Samar Ashfaq
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Alberto Severini
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Allan Covens
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
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Haqshenas G, Molano M, Phillips S, Balgovind P, Garland SM, Hawkes D, Brotherton JM, Machalek DA, Murray G. Evaluation of Seegene Anyplex II Performance for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cervical Cancer Specimens. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:353-358. [PMID: 37226838 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0317-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues may identify the cause of lesions and has value for the development of new diagnostic assays and epidemiologic studies. Seegene Anyplex II assays are widely used for HPV screening, but their performance using FFPE samples has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE.— To validate Anyplex II HPV HR Detection (Anyplex II, Seegene) using FFPE samples. DESIGN.— We used 248 stored DNA extracts from cervical cancer FFPE samples collected during 2005-2015 that tested HPV positive using the RHA kit HPV SPF10-LiPA25, v1 (SPF10, Labo Biomedical Products) HPV genotyping assay, manufacturer-validated for FFPE samples. RESULTS.— Of the selected 248 samples, 243 were used in our analysis. Consistent with SPF10 genotyping results, Anyplex II detected all 12 oncogenic types and had an overall HPV detection rate of 86.4% (210 of 243 samples). Anyplex II and SPF10 showed very high agreement for the detection of the 2 most important oncogenic genotypes: HPV 16 (219 of 226; 96.9%; 95% CI, 93.7-98.75) and HPV 18 (221 of 226; 97.8%; 95% CI, 94.9-99.3). CONCLUSIONS.— Overall results showed that both platforms produced comparable HPV genotyping results, indicating the suitability of Anyplex II for FFPE samples. The Anyplex II assay has the added convenience of being an efficient, single-well semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Further optimization of Anyplex II may enhance its performance using FFPE samples by improving the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Haqshenas
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
| | - Monica Molano
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
| | - Samuel Phillips
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
| | - Prisha Balgovind
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
| | - David Hawkes
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Hawkes)
- the Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, Australia (Hawkes, Brotherton)
- the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Hawkes)
| | - Julia Ml Brotherton
- the School of Population and Global Health (Brotherton), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorothy A Machalek
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Machalek)
| | - Gerald Murray
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
- the Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Molano, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Machalek, Murray)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (Haqshenas, Phillips, Balgovind, Garland, Murray)
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4
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Haqshenas G, Garland SM, Balgovind P, Cornall A, Danielewski J, Molano M, Machalek DA, Murray G. Development of a touchdown droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 from self-collected anal samples. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0183623. [PMID: 37962350 PMCID: PMC10714734 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01836-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The quantity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with disease outcome. We designed an accurate and precise digital PCR assay for quantitating HPV in anal samples, a sample type that is typically problematic due to the presence of PCR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Haqshenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prisha Balgovind
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyssa Cornall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Danielewski
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Molano
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorothy A. Machalek
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Murray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gargano JW, McClung N, Lewis RM, Park IU, Whitney E, Castilho JL, Pemmaraju M, Niccolai LM, Brackney M, Debess E, Ehlers S, Bennett NM, Scahill M, Cleveland AA, Querec TD, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. HPV type-specific trends in cervical precancers in the United States, 2008-2016. Int J Cancer 2022; 152:137-150. [PMID: 35904861 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Declines in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) observed among young women suggest impact from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. To further evaluate vaccine impact including cross-protection and type replacement, we described high-risk (HR)-HPV type-specific cervical precancer incidence rates among women aged 20-39 years, 2008-2016. We analyzed cross-sectional population-based data on 18,344 cases of CIN2+ from a 5-site surveillance system. Diagnostic specimens were tested for individual HPV types, including 14 HR-HPV types (HPV16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68). We estimated age-specific annual HR-HPV type-specific CIN2+ incidence per 100,000 screened women for individual types, vaccine HR-HPV types (HPV16/18) and non-vaccine HR-HPV types (non-HPV16/18). We evaluated trends using average annual percent changes (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and estimated total declines by comparing 2015-2016 to 2008-2009 using incidence rate ratios. Among 20-24-year-olds, HPV16/18-CIN2+ declined from 2008 through 2016 (AAPC: -21.3%, 95% CI: -28.1%, -13.8%), whereas no trend was observed for non-HPV16/18-CIN2+ (AAPC: -1.8%, 95% CI: -8.1%, 4.9%). After 2010, CIN2+ among 20-24-year-olds was more often caused by non-vaccine versus vaccine HR-HPV types. No significant declining trends were observed in older age groups. In 2015-2016 compared to 2008-2009, HPV16-CIN2+ declined 78%, HPV18-CIN2+ 72%, and HPV31-CIN2+ 51% among 20-24-year-olds; no increases were observed in type-specific CIN2+ incidence. Among 25-29-year-olds, HPV16-CIN2+ declined 18%; CIN2+ attributed to seven nonvaccine types increased significantly. No significant declines were observed in older groups. Significant declines in HPV16/18-CIN2+ in 20-24-year-olds and HPV16-CIN2+ in 25-29-year-olds corroborate impact of HPV vaccination. A declining trend in HPV31-CIN2+ is consistent with cross-protection from vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Gargano
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nancy McClung
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rayleen M Lewis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Synergy America, Inc., Duluth, Georgia, United States
| | - Ina U Park
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Erin Whitney
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California
| | - Jessica L Castilho
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - Linda M Niccolai
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Monica Brackney
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Emilio Debess
- Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sara Ehlers
- Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Mary Scahill
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Angela A Cleveland
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Troy D Querec
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Day T, Scurry J, Haqshenas G, Murray G, Tran H, Dennerstein G, Garland SM. The Clinicopathologic Challenge of Nonneoplastic Vulvar Acanthosis. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:265-270. [PMID: 35543596 PMCID: PMC9232284 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate clinicopathologic features of cases demonstrating an acanthotic tissue reaction not clearly consistent with psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, mycosis, or condyloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective pathologic case series of biopsies reported as "benign acanthotic lesion" and "acanthotic tissue reaction" that lacked a clear diagnosis on expert review. Cases with nuclear atypia were excluded. Clinical and histopathologic data were collected, immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 were obtained, and molecular testing for 28 common anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes was undertaken. RESULTS There were 17 cases with a median age of 47 years. Unilaterality and medial location were clinical reasons for diagnostic difficulty. Histopathologic uncertainty often related to lack of papillary dermal fibrosis to support lichen simplex chronicus or psoriasiform lesions without parakeratosis, subcorneal pustules, and/or mycotic elements. Firm pathologic diagnoses were not possible, but 3 groups emerged: favoring chronic dermatitis, favoring psoriasis, and unusual morphologies. p16 results were negative or nonblock positive while p53 was normal or basal overexpressed. Human papillomavirus testing was negative in 12, low positive for HPV 16 in 1, unassessable in 3, and not requested in 1. CONCLUSIONS There is a group of acanthotic tissue reactions that cannot be classified with standard histopathologic assessment. Further clinicopathologic research into unilateral acanthotic lesions may provide insight into separation of psoriasis and mycosis when organisms are absent. Once nuclear atypia is excluded, immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 and HPV molecular testing do not assist in diagnostic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Day
- Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Lambton Heights, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - James Scurry
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Gholamreza Haqshenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerald Murray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Tran
- Vulvar Disorders and Dermatology Clinic, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Giannella L, Delli Carpini G, Di Giuseppe J, Bogani G, Gardella B, Monti E, Liverani CA, Ghelardi A, Insinga S, Montanari M, Raspagliesi F, Spinillo A, Vercellini P, Roncella E, Ciavattini A. Trend of HPV 16/18 Genotypes in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3: Data for 2007-2018. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3763-3771. [PMID: 34557001 PMCID: PMC8453441 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim In the post-vaccination era, the starting age and time intervals of cervical screening could change (older age and longer screening intervals). This scenario may be achieved by significantly reducing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 prevalence (genotypes included in the current vaccines). In this regard, assessing the trend over time of these HPV infections in high-grade cervical lesions can provide information on the objective. The present study aimed to evaluate the trend of HPV 16/18 over the years 2007–2018 in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3. Methods This is a retrospective multi-institutional study including HPV genotyped and unvaccinated women under 30 with CIN3. The sample was divided into the following periods: 2007–2010, 2011–2014, 2015–2018. HPV genotypes were grouped in genotypes 16/18, genotypes 31/33/35/52/58/67 (genetically related to HPV16), genotypes 39/45/59/68/70 (genetically related to HPV18), genotypes 31/33/45/52/58 (high-risk types included in the nonavalent vaccine), possibly carcinogenic HPV (genotypes 26/30/53/67/70/73/82/85), low-risk HPV (genotypes 6/11/40/42/43/44/54/55/61). The trend between periods and HPV genotypes was measured using the Cochran–Armitage test for trend. Results The final analysis included 474 participants. HPV 16/18 prevalence decreased significantly over the years (77.8% vs 68.9% vs 66.0%, respectively, Ptrend=0.027). Possibly carcinogenic HPV (genotypes 26/30/53/67/70/73/82/85) showed a significant negative prevalence trend over time (4.9% vs 1.1% vs 1.3%, respectively, Ptrend=0.046). Finally, there was a significant positive trend over the years for high-risk HPV genotypes 31/33/45/52/58 in women under 25 (9.9% vs 17.0% vs 24.0%, respectively, Ptrend=0.048). Conclusion The prevalence of CIN3 lesions related to HPV 16/18 genotypes decreased over time from 2007 to 2018. These data highlight a herd effect of the HPV vaccine. However, fifteen years after HPV vaccine introduction, we are still a long way from herd immunity. The increase in high-risk types 31/33/45/52/58 will need to be reassessed when the nonavalent vaccine impact will be more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannella
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delli Carpini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Di Giuseppe
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Gardella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Monti
- Gynaecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Antonio Liverani
- Gynaecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghelardi
- Azienda Usl Toscana Nord-Ovest, UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale Apuane, Massa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Insinga
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Montanari
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vercellini
- Gynaecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Roncella
- Gynaecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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8
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Toh ZQ, Quang C, Tooma JA, Garland SM, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Australia's Role in Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Evaluation in Asia-Pacific. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080921. [PMID: 34452046 PMCID: PMC8402478 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian researchers have made substantial contributions to the field of vaccinology over many decades. Two examples of this contribution relate to pneumococcal vaccines and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, with a focus on improving access to these vaccines in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). Many LLMICs considering introducing one or both of these vaccines into their National Immunisation Programs face significant barriers such as cost, logistics associated with vaccine delivery. These countries also often lack the resources and expertise to undertake the necessary studies to evaluate vaccine performance. This review summarizes the role of Australia in the development and/or evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines and the HPV vaccine, including the use of alternative vaccine strategies among countries situated in the Asia-Pacific region. The outcomes of these research programs have had significant global health impacts, highlighting the importance of these vaccines in preventing pneumococcal disease as well as HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chau Quang
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Tooma
- Australia Cervical Cancer Foundation, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Regional WHO HPV Reference Laboratory, Centre Women’s Infectious Diseases Research, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (Z.Q.T.); (C.Q.); (S.M.G.); (K.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Brotherton JML, Wheeler C, Clifford GM, Elfström M, Saville M, Kaldor J, Machalek DA. Surveillance systems for monitoring cervical cancer elimination efforts: Focus on HPV infection, cervical dysplasia, cervical screening and treatment. Prev Med 2021; 144:106293. [PMID: 33075352 PMCID: PMC8403014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, close surveillance of progress in public health and clinical activities and outcomes across the three pillars of vaccination, screening and treatment will be required. Surveillance should ideally occur within an integrated system that is planned, funded, and regularly evaluated to ensure it is providing timely, accurate and relevant feedback for action. In this paper, we conceptualise the main public health surveillance objectives as process and outcome measures in each of the three pillars. Process measures include coverage/participation measures for vaccination, screening and treatment alongside the ongoing assessment of the quality and reach of these programs and activities. Outcome measures related to the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection include HPV infection prevalence, precursor cervical lesions and cervical cancers (including stage at diagnosis, cancer incidence and mortality). These outcome measures can be used for monitoring the effectiveness of the three core activities in the short, medium and long term to assess whether these interventions are effectively reducing their occurrence. We discuss possible methods for the surveillance of these measures in the context of country capacity, drawing from examples in Australia, the USA and in low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M L Brotherton
- VCS Population Health, VCS Foundation, Level 6, 176 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3053, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cosette Wheeler
- Department of Pathology and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Gary M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - Miriam Elfström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 8th floor, 141 52 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Saville
- VCS Population Health, VCS Foundation, Level 6, 176 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Grattan St & Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorothy A Machalek
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton 3053, Victoria, Australia; Kirby Institute, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Grattan St & Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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10
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Donken R, van Niekerk D, Hamm J, Spinelli JJ, Smith L, Sadarangani M, Albert A, Money D, Dobson S, Miller D, Lee M, Mitchell-Foster S, Krajden M, Naus M, Ogilvie G. Declining rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in British Columbia, Canada: An ecological analysis on the effects of the school-based human papillomavirus vaccination program. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:191-199. [PMID: 33586169 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since 2008, girls in British Columbia (BC), Canada, have been offered HPV vaccination through a school-based, publicly funded immunization program. The oldest birth cohort eligible for the vaccination program was born in 1994 and uptake is on average 63%. To evaluate the impact of the HPV vaccine in BC, ecological trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) rates were assessed in young women before and after the implementation of the HPV vaccination program. Information on all Pap smears and histopathological abnormalities, in calendar years 2004-2017 in women 16-28 years of age in BC were obtained from the population-based BC Cancer Cervix Screening Program database. Rates of CIN 2 and 3 were calculated as the number of cases divided by the number of cytology specimens for that period. Rate ratios (RR) were calculated by negative binomial piecewise regression. Age-centered incidence rates of CIN 2 and 3 in BC declined significantly among women 16-23 years of age after HPV vaccine introduction compared to before vaccine introduction. The overall reduction postvaccination for CIN2 and 3 in women 16-23 years was respectively 62% (95% CI 54-68%) and 65% (95% CI 58-71%). Age-specific rates for CIN2 significantly declined for those 18-22 years of age and for those 19, 20 and 23 years of age for CIN3. Among women 24-28 years of age no decline in CIN2 and 3 rate over time was observed. The observed reduction in CIN 2 and 3 rates since the introduction of the school-based HPV vaccine program might illustrate the population impact of the BC provincial school-based HPV vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine Donken
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dirk van Niekerk
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Hamm
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurie Smith
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deborah Money
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Dianne Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marette Lee
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sheona Mitchell-Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monika Naus
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Service, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Dasgupta P, Aitken JF, Condon J, Garvey G, Whop LJ, DeBats C, Baade PD. Temporal and area-level variation in prevalence of high-grade histologically confirmed cervical abnormalities among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, Queensland, Australia, 2008-2017. J Med Screen 2021; 28:341-348. [PMID: 33476212 DOI: 10.1177/0969141320984199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite Australia's National Cervical Screening Program, Indigenous women have a disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer. We describe temporal and area-level patterns in prevalence of histologically conformed high-grade cervical abnormalities (hHGA) among cytologically screened women by Indigenous status. METHODS This was a population-based study of 2,132,925 women, aged 20-69, who underwent cervical screening between 2008 and 2017, in Queensland, Australia. Of these, 47,136 were identified as Indigenous from linked hospital records. Overall patterns in hHGA prevalence by Indigenous status were quantified using prevalence rate ratios (PrRR) from negative binomial models. Bayesian spatial models were used to obtain smoothed prevalence estimates of hHGA across 528 small areas compared to the state average. Results are presented as maps and graphs showing the associated uncertainty of the estimates. RESULTS Overall, screened Indigenous women had significantly higher hHGA prevalence than non-Indigenous women. However, the magnitude of the difference reduced over time (p < 0.001). Adjusted for age and area-level variables, Indigenous women had 36% higher hHGA prevalence (PrRR 1.36, 95% confidence interval [1.21-1.52]) than non-Indigenous women between 2013 and 2017. The overall effect of age decreased over time (p = 0.021). Although there was evidence of moderate spatial variation in 10-year prevalence estimates for both groups of women, the high levels of uncertainty for many estimates, particularly for Indigenous women, limited our ability to draw definitive conclusions about the spatial patterns. CONCLUSIONS While the temporal reduction in Indigenous: non-Indigenous differential in hHGA prevalence is encouraging, further research into the key drivers of the continuing higher risk among Indigenous women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - John Condon
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Lisa J Whop
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Claire DeBats
- Cancer Screening Unit, Prevention Division, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD, Australia
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