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Liu J, Su G, Chen X, Chen Q, Duan C, Xiao S, Zhou Y, Fang L. PRRSV infection facilitates the shedding of soluble CD163 to induce inflammatory responses. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110189. [PMID: 39047452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which poses substantial threats to the global pig industry, is primarily characterized by interstitial pneumonia. Cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) is the essential receptor for PRRSV infection. Metalloproteinase-mediated cleavage of CD163 leads to the shedding of soluble CD163 (sCD163), thereby inhibiting PRRSV proliferation. However, the exact cleavage site in CD163 and the potential role of sCD163 in inflammatory responses during PRRSV infection remain unclear. Herein, we found that PRRSV infection increased sCD163 levels, as demonstrated in primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), immortalized PAM (IPAM) cell lines, and sera from PRRSV-infected piglets. With LC-MS/MS, Arg-1041/Ser-1042 was identified as the cleavage site in porcine CD163, and an IPAM cell line with precise mutation at the cleavage site was constructed. Using the precisely mutated IPAM cells, we found that exogenous addition of sCD163 protein promoted inflammatory responses, while mutation at the CD163 cleavage site suppressed inflammatory responses. Consistently, inhibition of sCD163 using its neutralizing antibodies reduced PRRSV infection-triggered inflammatory responses. Importantly, sCD163 promoted cell polarization from M2 to M1 phenotype, which in turn facilitated inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings identify sCD163 as a novel proinflammatory mediator and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the induction of inflammatory responses by PRRSV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Swine
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/virology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Inflammation/virology
- Cell Line
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanning Su
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quangang Chen
- Center of Animal Laboratory, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China; School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Chenrui Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Liu J, Su G, Duan C, Sun Z, Xiao S, Zhou Y, Fang L. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection activates ADAM17 to induce inflammatory responses. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110066. [PMID: 38555788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which has posed substantial threats to the swine industry worldwide, is primarily characterized by interstitial pneumonia. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) is a multifunctional sheddase involved in various inflammatory diseases. Herein, our study showed that PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection elevated ADAM17 activity, as demonstrated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), an immortalized PAM cell line (IPAM cells), and the lung tissues of PRRSV-infected piglets. We found that PRRSV infection promoted ADAM17 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi by enhancing its interaction with inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2), a newly identified ADAM17 regulator, which in turn elevated ADAM17 activity. By screening for PRRSV-encoded structural proteins, viral envelope (E) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were identified as the predominant ADAM17 activators. E and N proteins bind with both ADAM17 and iRhom2 to form ternary protein complexes, ultimately strengthening their interactions. Additionally, we demonstrated, using an ADAM17-knockout cell line, that ADAM17 augmented the shedding of soluble TNF-α, a pivotal inflammatory mediator. We also discovered that ADAM17-mediated cleavage of porcine TNF-α occurred between Arg-78 and Ser-79. By constructing a precision mutant cell line with Arg-78-Glu/Ser-79-Glu substitution mutations in TNF-α, we further revealed that the ADAM17-mediated production of soluble TNF-α contributed to the induction of inflammatory responses by PRRSV and its E and N proteins. Taken together, our results elucidate the mechanism by which PRRSV infection activates the iRhom2/ADAM17/TNF-α axis to enhance inflammatory responses, providing valuable insights into the elucidation of PRRSV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanning Su
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenrui Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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3
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Han X, Xu H, Weng Y, Chen R, Xu J, Cao T, Sun R, Shan Y, He F, Fang W, Li X. N pro of classical swine fever virus enhances HMGB1 acetylation and its degradation by lysosomes to evade from HMGB1-mediated antiviral immunity. Virus Res 2024; 339:199280. [PMID: 37995963 PMCID: PMC10709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can dampen the host innate immunity by destabilizing IRF3 upon its binding with viral Npro. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone nuclear protein, has diverse functions, including inflammation, innate immunity, etc., which are closely related to its cellular localization. We investigated potential mutual interactions between CSFV and HMGB1 and their effects on virus replication. We found that HMGB1 at the protein level, but not at mRNA level, was markedly reduced in CSFV-infected or Npro-expressing IPEC-J2 cells. HMGB1 in the nuclear compartment is anti-CSFV by promoting IFN-mediated innate immune response, as evidenced by overexpression of nuclear or cytoplasmic dominant HMGB1 mutant in IPEC-J2 cells stimulated with poly(I:C). However, CSFV Npro upregulates HMGB1 acetylation, a modification that promotes HMGB1 translocation into the cytoplasmic compartment where it is degraded by lysosomes. Ethyl pyruvate could downregulate HMGB1 acetylation and prevent Npro-mediated HMGB1 reduction. Inhibition of deacetylase HDAC1 with MS275 or by RNA silencing could promote Npro-mediated HMGB1 degradation. Taken together, our study elucidates the mechanism with which HMGB1 in the nuclei initiates antiviral innate immune response to suppress CSFV replication and elaborates the pathway by which CSFV uses its Npro to evade from HMGB1-mediated antiviral immunity through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation with subsequent translocation into cytoplasm for lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hankun Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yifan Weng
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Renjie Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention & Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311199, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fang He
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp1β Stabilizes HIF-1α to Enhance Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0317322. [PMID: 36416550 PMCID: PMC9769882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03173-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has been devastating the swine industry worldwide since the late 1980s. Severe interstitial pneumonia is the typical pathological characteristic of PRRSV-infected swine. Accumulating evidence has suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays vital roles in the development of inflammation and the viral life cycle. However, the role and the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α in PRRSV infection remain elusive. Here, we found that PRRSV infection elevated HIF-1α expression. Furthermore, overexpression of HIF-1α increased PRRSV replication, whereas knockdown of HIF-1α inhibited PRRSV infection. Our further mechanistic analysis revealed that PRRSV-encoded nonstructural protein 1β (nsp1β) promoted HIF-1α transcription via its N-terminal nuclease activity and degraded the polyubiquitin chain of HIF-1α via its C-terminal deubiquitylation (DUB) enzyme activity, collectively stabilizing HIF-1α. Meanwhile, nsp1β interacted with both HIF-1α and von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) to form a ternary complex, which may have hindered pVHL-mediated ubiquitination degradation of HIF-1α by impairing the interaction between HIF-1α and pVHL. Interestingly, pVHL also stabilized nsp1β via K63-linked ubiquitination, forming a positive feedback loop to stabilize HIF-1α. Taken together, these results indicate that PRRSV infection stabilizes HIF-1α to facilitate viral proliferation and that viral nsp1β plays a vital role in enhancing the expression and stabilization of HIF-1α. The regulation of HIF-1α may have great therapeutic potential for the development of novel drugs against PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has devastated the swine industry worldwide for over 30 years and shows no signs of slowing down. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection elevated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression. In addition, overexpressed HIF-1α contributed to PRRSV replication, whereas knockdown of HIF-1α reduced PRRSV growth. The PRRSV-encoded nonstructural protein 1β (nsp1β) exerted a stabilizing effect on HIF-1α through its nuclease protease and papain-like cysteine protease enzymatic domains. PRRSV nsp1β also interacted with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) and HIF-1α, whereby nsp1β impaired the interaction between HIF-1α and pVHL. This work deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in PRRSV infection and provides new insights for the development of HIF-1α-based anti-PRRSV therapies.
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Extracellular HMGB1 as Inflammatory Mediator in the Progression of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182817. [PMID: 36139393 PMCID: PMC9496866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a member of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is involved in the immune regulation of several infectious diseases. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is proved to cause an abnormal immune response, but the role of HMGB1 in MG-induced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) is unclear. In this study, we found that HMGB1 was released from the nucleus to the extracellular in macrophages upon infection with MG. Extracellular HMGB1 bound to TLR2 activating the NF-κB pathway triggering a severe inflammatory storm and promoting the progression of MG infection. More importantly, TLR4 could be activated by HMGB1 to trigger immune disorders after TLR2 was silenced. This disease process could be interrupted by ethyl pyruvate (EP) inhibition of HMGB1 release or glycyrrhizic acid (GA). Furthermore, treatment of MG-infected chickens with GA significantly alleviated immune organ damage. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted extracellularly to form an inflammatory environment upon MG infection, triggering a further cellular inflammatory storm in a positive feedback approach. Blocking MG-induced HMGB1 release or suppression downstream of the HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4 axis may be a promising novel strategy for the treatment of CRD. Furthermore, this study may provide a theoretical reference for understanding non-LPS-activated TLR4 events.
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PRRSV Induces HMGB1 Phosphorylation at Threonine-51 Residue to Enhance Its Secretion. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051002. [PMID: 35632744 PMCID: PMC9144045 DOI: 10.3390/v14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to mediate inflammatory response that is involved in the pulmonary injury of infected pigs. Our previous study indicates that protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) is essential for HMGB1 secretion in PRRSV-infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism in HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection is still unclear. Here, we discovered that the phosphorylation level of HMGB1 in threonine residues increased in PRRSV-infected cells. A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 was associated with HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of HMGB1 failed to precipitate PKC-delta, but interestingly, mass spectrometry analysis of the HMGB1 co-IP product showed that PRRSV infection enhanced HMGB1 binding to ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), which has various extra-ribosomal functions. The silencing of RPS3 by siRNA blocked HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Moreover, the phosphorylation of HMGB1 at threonine-51 was correlated with the interaction between HMGB1 and RPS3. In vivo, PRRSV infection also increased RPS3 levels and nuclear accumulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. These results demonstrate that PRRSV may induce HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 and increase its interaction with RPS3 to enhance HMGB1 secretion. This finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.
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Intracellular translocation of HMGB1 is important for Zika virus replication in Huh7 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1054. [PMID: 35058496 PMCID: PMC8776752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barré syndrome are severe complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The robustly induced inflammatory cytokine expressions in ZIKV-infected patients may constitute a hallmark for severe disease. In the present study, the potential role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in ZIKV infection was investigated. HMGB1 protein expression was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot assay. HMGB1's role in ZIKV infection was also explored using treatment with dexamethasone, an immunomodulatory drug, and HMGB1-knockdown (shHMGB1) Huh7 cells. Results showed that the Huh7 cells were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. The infection was found to induce HMGB1 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation, resulting in a > 99% increase in the cytosolic HMGB1 expression at 72-h post-infection (h.p.i). The extracellular HMGB1 level was elevated in a time- and multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. Treatment of the ZIKV-infected cells with dexamethasone (150 µM) reduced HMGB1 extracellular release in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum reduction of 71 ± 5.84% (P < 0.01). The treatment also reduced virus titers by over 83 ± 0.50% (P < 0.01). The antiviral effects, however, were not observed in the dexamethasone-treated shHMGB1 cells. These results suggest that translocation of HMGB1 occurred during ZIKV infection and inhibition of the translocation by dexamethasone coincided with a reduction in ZIKV replication. These findings highlight the potential of targeting the localization of HMGB1 in affecting ZIKV infection.
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Xing J, Liang J, Liu S, Huang L, Hu P, Liu L, Liao M, Qi W. Japanese encephalitis virus restricts HMGB1 expression to maintain MAPK pathway activation for viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2021; 262:109237. [PMID: 34592637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical insect-borne flavivirus and an important zoonotic pathogen that causes human viral encephalitis and reproductive failure in pigs. Various strategies were utilized by JEV to facilitate its replication. It is important to identify key molecules that mediate JEV infection, as well as to investigate their underlying mechanism. In this study, the critical role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone, DNA-binding protein, was assessed in JEV propagation. Upon JEV infection, the HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated at late infection in Huh7 cells. JEV replication was significantly enhanced with HMGB1 knock-down by siRNA and knock-out by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, whereas JEV growth was restricted in HMGB1-over-expressed Huh7 cells. Further investigation showed that HMGB1 suppressed MAPK pathway, and demonstrated that the weakening of MAPK pathway negatively regulated JEV infection. Together, these results suggested that JEV restricted HMGB1 expression to maintain MAPK pathway activation for viral replication. Our data showed that HMGB1 played a key role in JEV infection, providing the potential for the development of a novel drug to combat JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shukai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pingsheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Roy D, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Journey to a Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Connection in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: With Stops Along the Way in the Lung, Heart, Blood Vessels, and Adipose Tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:614-627. [PMID: 33327744 PMCID: PMC7837689 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide and the pandemic has yet to wane. Despite its associated significant morbidity and mortality, there are no definitive cures and no fully preventative measures to combat SARS-CoV-2. Hence, the urgency to identify the pathobiological mechanisms underlying increased risk for and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mounting. One contributing factor, the accumulation of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, is a leading trigger for the activation of nuclear factor-kB and the IRF (interferon regulatory factors), such as IRF7. Activation of these pathways, particularly in the lung and other organs, such as the heart, contributes to a burst of cytokine release, which predisposes to significant tissue damage, loss of function, and mortality. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) binds damage-associated molecular patterns is expressed in the lung and heart, and in priming organs, such as the blood vessels (in diabetes) and adipose tissue (in obesity), and transduces the pathological signals emitted by damage-associated molecular patterns. It is proposed that damage-associated molecular pattern-RAGE enrichment in these priming tissues, and in the lungs and heart during active infection, contributes to the widespread tissue damage induced by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the RAGE axis might play seminal roles in and be a target for therapeutic intervention in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Roy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (D.R., R.R., A.M.S.)
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head (D.R.)
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (D.R., R.R., A.M.S.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (D.R., R.R., A.M.S.)
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10
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Wang R, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Bai L, Wang W, Zhao S, Liu E. Upregulation of HMGB1 secretion in lungs of pigs infected by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 252:108922. [PMID: 33221069 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a major driver for substantial economic losses to the swine industry across the world. Pulmonary inflammatory injury is a common manifestation in infected pigs. Previous studies reported that PRRS virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory factor, in cultured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether HMGB1 secretion is associated with PRRSV-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses in the early stage of infection in vivo. Three-week-old piglets were inoculated with either HuN4, a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain, or CH1R, an avirulent PRRSV vaccine strain. Necropsy was performed at 7 days post-infection. The results showed that HuN4 significantly induced the secretion of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HuN4 infection induced severe interstitial pneumonia in the pigs. In contrast, pigs infected by CH1R had mild lung inflammation with minimal HMGB1 secretion. In addition, high viral load of HuN4 was detected in both pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and lung tissue, whereas viral RNA of CH1R was confined to PAMs. In consistent with the pneumonia development, HuN4 induced inflammatory cytokines in both PAMs and lung tissue, while their expression in CH1R-infected pigs confined only to PAMs. These results indicate that the HuN4-induced HMGB1 secretion into BALF may enhance the pulmonary inflammatory response and exacerbate the lung injury. This finding provides insights to the inflammatory response and pathogenesis of the HP-PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yueqiang Xiao
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Goette A, Patscheke M, Henschke F, Hammwöhner M. COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation. TH OPEN 2020; 4:e271-e279. [PMID: 32995705 PMCID: PMC7519876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). First reports have shown that elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the development of organ dysfunction in COVID-19. Here, we can present a case of cytokine release syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 causing multiorgan failure and death. Of note, we can report on pulmonary vein thromboses as potential source of cerebrovascular embolic events. Furthermore, we present a specific form of an isolated inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy encompassing atrial myocardium, perivascular matrix, as well as atrial autonomic nerve ganglia, causing atrial fibrillation, sinus node arrest, as well as atrial clot formation in the right atrial appendage. An associated acute glomerulonephritis caused acute kidney failure. Furthermore, all the described pathologies of organs and vessels were associated with increased local expression of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This report provides new evidence about fatal pathologies and summarizes the current knowledge about organ manifestations observed in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goette
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital, Paderborn, Germany
- Working Group: Molecular Electrophysiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Patscheke
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hammwöhner
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz Hospital, Paderborn, Germany
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12
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PCV2 Induces Reactive Oxygen Species To Promote Nucleocytoplasmic Translocation of the Viral DNA Binding Protein HMGB1 To Enhance Its Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00238-20. [PMID: 32321806 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00238-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the pig industry. PCV2 interacts with host cellular factors to regulate its replication. High-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, a major nonhistone protein in the nucleus, was recently discovered to participate in viral infections. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear HMGB1 negatively regulated PCV2 replication as shown by overexpression of HMGB1 or blockage of its nucleocytoplasmic translocation with ethyl pyruvate. The B box domain was essential in restricting PCV2 replication. Nuclear HMGB1 restricted PCV2 replication by sequestering the viral genome via binding to the Ori region. However, PCV2 infection induced translocation of HMGB1 from cell nuclei to the cytoplasmic compartment. Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PCV2 infection was closely associated with cytosolic translocation of nuclear HMGB1. Treatment of PCV2-infected cells with ethyl pyruvate or N-acetylcysteine downregulated PCV2-induced ROS production, suppressed nucleocytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, and decreased PCV2 replication. Collectively, these findings offer new insight into the mechanism of the PCV2 evasion strategy: PCV2 manages to escape restriction of its replication by nuclear HMGB1 by inducing ROS to trigger the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1.IMPORTANCE Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small DNA virus that depends heavily on host cells for its infection. This study reports the close relationship between subcellular localization of host high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and viral replication during PCV2 infection. Restriction of PCV2 replication by nuclear HMGB1 is the early step of host defense at the host-pathogen interface. PCV2 then upregulates host reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent sequestration of its genome by expelling nuclear HMGB1 into the cytosol. It will be interesting to study if a similar evasion strategy is employed by other circoviruses such as beak and feather disease virus, recently discovered PCV3, and geminiviruses in plants. This study also provides insight into the justification and pharmacological basis of antioxidants as an adjunct therapy in PCV2 infection or possibly other diseases caused by the viruses that deploy the ROS-HMGB1 interaction favoring their replication.
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13
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Hou X, Liu G, Zhang H, Hu X, Zhang X, Han F, Cui H, Luo J, Guo R, Li R, Li N, Wei L. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) from Cherry Valley duck mediates signaling pathways and antiviral activity. Vet Res 2020; 51:12. [PMID: 32070432 PMCID: PMC7027276 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) shows endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and is also an early warning protein that activates the body's innate immune system. Here, the full-length coding sequence of HMGB1 was cloned from the spleen of Cherry Valley duck and analyzed. We find that duck HMGB1(duHMGB1) is mostly located in the nucleus of duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells under normal conditions but released into the cytoplasm after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Knocking-down or overexpressing duHMGB1 had no effect on the baseline apoptosis rate of DEF cells. However, overexpression increased weakly apoptosis after LPS activation. In addition, overexpression strongly activated the IFN-I/IRF7 signaling pathway in DEF cells and significantly increased the transcriptional level of numerous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), IFNs and antiviral molecules (OAS, PKR, Mx) starting from 48 h post-transfection. Overexpression of duHMGB1 strongly impacted duck virus replication, either by inhibiting it from the first stage of infection for novel duck reovirus (NDRV) and at late stage for duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) or duck plague virus (DPV), or promoting replication at early stage for DTMUV and DPV infection. Importantly, data from duHMGB1 overexpression and knockdown experiments, time-dependent DEF cells transcriptional immune responses suggest that duHMGB1 and RIG-I receptor might cooperate to promote the expression of antiviral proteins after NDRV infection, as a potential mechanism of duHMGB1-mediated antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huizhen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jinjian Luo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
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14
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Li Y, Wei Y, Hao W, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Wang D, Xiao S, Fang L. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection promotes C1QBP secretion to enhance inflammatory responses. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108563. [PMID: 31928703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) is a receptor for the globular heads of C1q and modulates various biological processes including infection, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In our previous study to identify differentially expressed secretory proteins in Marc-145 cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mass spectrum data showed that C1QBP was secreted after PRRSV infection. However, the biological significance of secreted C1QBP remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that PRRSV infection promoted C1QBP secretion in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), the target cells of PRRSV in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous C1QBP decreased PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses. The purified recombinant porcine C1QBP (poC1QBP) had proinflammatory effects. The exogenous addition of poC1QBP significantly enhanced PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses and abolished the inhibitory effects mediated by poC1QBP-knockdown. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PRRSV infection promotes poC1QBP secretion that enhances inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Li R, Chen C, He J, Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhang W, Tan K, Huang J. E3 ligase ASB8 promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus proliferation by stabilizing the viral Nsp1α protein and degrading host IKKβ kinase. Virology 2019; 532:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces concurrent elevation of High Mobility Group Box-1 protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimentally infected piglets. Cytokine 2019; 113:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Wang FZ, Zhang L. Flocculating Protein Flo1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Qu Y, Zhan Y, Yang S, Ren S, Qiu X, Rehamn ZU, Tan L, Sun Y, Meng C, Song C, Yu S, Ding C. Newcastle disease virus infection triggers HMGB1 release to promote the inflammatory response. Virology 2018; 525:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Global analysis of ubiquitome in PRRSV-infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages. J Proteomics 2018; 184:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Wang R, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu L, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E, Zhang YJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces HMGB1 secretion via activating PKC-delta to trigger inflammatory response. Virology 2018. [PMID: 29522984 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes inflammatory injuries in infected pigs. PRRSV induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) that enhances inflammatory response. However, the mechanism of PRRSV-induced HMGB1 secretion is unknown. Here, we discovered PRRSV induced HMGB1 secretion via activating protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ). HMGB1 secretion was positively correlated with PKCδ activation in PRRSV-infected cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Suppression of PKCδ with inhibitor and siRNA significantly blocked PRRSV-induced HMGB1 translocation and secretion, which indicates PKCδ activation is essential for the PRRSV-mediated HMGB1 secretion. In addition, PKCδ knockdown in PRRSV-infected cells led to downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta and IL-6. Moreover, PRRSV E and pORF5a proteins were found to activate PKCδ and consequent HMGB1 secretion. These results demonstrate PRRSV activates PKCδ to induce HMGB1 secretion via E and pORF5a. This finding provides insights on the inflammatory response and pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yali Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liran Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueqiang Xiao
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan-Jin Zhang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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21
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Huan CC, Wang HX, Sheng XX, Wang R, Wang X, Liao Y, Liu QF, Tong GZ, Ding C, Fan HJ, Wu JQ, Mao X. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleoprotein contributes to HMGB1 transcription and release by interacting with C/EBP-β. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75064-75080. [PMID: 27634894 PMCID: PMC5342723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea is a devastating swine enteric disease, which is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection. Our studies demonstrated that PEDV infection resulted in the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, PEDV infection and overexpression of viral nucleoprotein resulted in the acetylation and release of high mobility group box 1 proteins in vitro, an important proinflammatory response mediator, which contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Our studies also showed that SIRT1, histone acetyltransferase, and NF-κB regulated the acetylation and release of HMGB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments illustrated that PEDV-N could induce HMGB1 transcription by interacting with C/EBP-β, which could bind to C/EBP motif in HMGB1 promotor region. Collectively, our data indicate PEDV-N contributes to HMGB1 transcription and the subsequent release/acetylation of HMGB1 during PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chao Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Xiang-Xiang Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Qin-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China, 250100
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
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22
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Jing H, Zhou Y, Fang L, Ding Z, Wang D, Ke W, Chen H, Xiao S. DExD/H-Box Helicase 36 Signaling via Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Gene 88 Contributes to NF-κB Activation to Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1365. [PMID: 29123520 PMCID: PMC5662876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DExD/H-box helicase 36 (DHX36) is known to be an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the guanine-quadruplexes DNA or RNA, but emerging data suggest that it also functions as pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has been devastating the swine industry worldwide. Interstitial pneumonia is considered to be one of the most obvious clinical signs of PRRSV infection, suggesting that the inflammatory response plays an important role in PRRSV pathogenesis. However, whether DHX36 is involved in PRRSV-induced inflammatory cytokine expression remains unclear. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection increased the expression of DHX36. Knockdown of DHX36 and its adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) by small-interfering RNA in MARC-145 cells significantly reduced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after PRRSV infection. Further investigation revealed that PRRSV nucleocapsid protein interacted with the N-terminal quadruplex binding domain of DHX36, which in turn augmented nucleocapsid protein-induced NF-κB activation. Taken together, our results suggest that DHX36-MyD88 has a relevant role in the recognition of PRRSV nucleocapsid protein and in the subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenting Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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23
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Chicken HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:194-195. [PMID: 28806152 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Qu Y, Zhan Y, Yang S, Qiu X, Tan L, Sun Y, Meng C, Song C, Yu S, Ding C. Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing the Endogenous Chicken High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:163-168. [PMID: 28570826 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key member of the "danger associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), which can localize in various compartments of the cell, and plays important roles in systemic inflammation. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specifically against chicken HMGB1 were generated. The open reading frame of chicken HMGB1 was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a to construct a recombinant plasmid pET-chHMGB1. The recombinant chicken HMGB1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta under IPTG induction and then purified by Ni-NTA Purification System. BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant HMGB1 protein, and three strains of hybridoma cells named 1F10, 8C11, and 4D8 secreting MAbs of chicken HMGB1 were obtained by hybridoma technique. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that the endogenous HMGB1 in various cell lines and glycosylated HMGB1 could both be specifically recognized by the prepared MAbs. This work indicated that the MAbs against chicken HMGB1 would be a valuable tool for further studies of HMGB1-mediated signaling in virus-infected cells and investigates the role of HMGB1 in avian virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Qu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhou Y, Fang L, Wang D, Cai K, Chen H, Xiao S. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Induces Stress Granule Formation Depending on Protein Kinase R-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) in MARC-145 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:111. [PMID: 28421170 PMCID: PMC5378712 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are sites of mRNA storage that are formed in response to various conditions of stress, including viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has been devastating the swine industry worldwide since the late 1980s. In this study, we found that infection of PRRSV strain WUH3 (genotype 2 PRRSV) induced stable formation of robust SGs in MARC-145 cells, as demonstrated by the recruitment of marker proteins of SGs, including TIA1, G3BP1, and eIF3η. Treatment with specific inhibitors or siRNAs against the stress kinases that are involved in SG formation revealed that PRRSV induced SG formation through a PERK (protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)-dependent mechanism. Impairment of SG assembly by concomitant knockdown of the SG marker proteins (TIA1, G3BP1, and TIAR) did not affect PRRSV growth, while significantly enhanced PRRSV-induced NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PRRSV induces SG formation via a PERK-dependent pathway and that SGs are involved in the signaling pathway of the PRRSV-induced inflammatory response in MARC-145 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kaimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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26
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Han J, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H. Pathogenesis and control of the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:30-47. [PMID: 28292547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has remained a major threat to the worldwide swine industry ever since its first discovery in the early 1990s. Under the selective pressures in the field, this positive-stranded RNA virus undergoes rapid genetic evolution that eventually leads to emergence in 2006 of the devastating Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). The atypical nature of HP-PRRSV has caused colossal economic losses to the swine producers in China and the surrounding countries. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, evolution and ongoing field practices on the control of this troubling virus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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27
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp1α Inhibits NF-κB Activation by Targeting the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01911-16. [PMID: 27881655 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01911-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination, a newly discovered posttranslational modification, is catalyzed by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which is composed of three subunits: one catalytic subunit HOIP and two accessory molecules, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN. Accumulating evidence suggests that linear ubiquitination plays a crucial role in innate immune signaling and especially in the activation of the NF-κB pathway by conjugating linear polyubiquitin chains to NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO, also called IKKγ), the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an Arterivirus that has devastated the swine industry worldwide, is an ideal model to study the host's disordered inflammatory responses after viral infection. Here, we found that LUBAC-induced NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokine expression can be inhibited in the early phase of PRRSV infection. Screening the PRRSV-encoded proteins showed that nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) suppresses LUBAC-mediated NF-κB activation and its CTE domain is required for the inhibition. Mechanistically, nsp1α binds to HOIP/HOIL-1L and impairs the interaction between HOIP and SHARPIN, thus reducing the LUBAC-dependent linear ubiquitination of NEMO. Moreover, PRRSV infection also blocks LUBAC complex formation and NEMO linear-ubiquitination, the important step for transducing NF-κB signaling. This unexpected finding demonstrates a previously unrecognized role of PRRSV nsp1α in modulating LUBAC signaling and explains an additional mechanism of immune modulation by PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important veterinary infectious diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection usually suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in the early stage of infection, whereas it induces an inflammatory storm in the late stage. However, precisely how the virus is capable of doing so remains obscure. In this study, we found that by blocking the interaction of its catalytic subunit HOIP and accessory molecule SHARPIN, PRRSV can suppress NF-κB signal transduction in the early stage of infection. Our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism evolved by PRRSV to regulate inflammatory responses but also highlight the important role of linear ubiquitination modification during virus infection.
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28
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Zhao F, Fang L, Wang D, Song T, Wang T, Xin Y, Chen H, Xiao S. SILAC-based quantitative proteomic analysis of secretome of Marc-145 cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Proteomics 2016; 16:2678-2687. [PMID: 27493009 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of PRRS, which causes severe reproductive failure in sows, respiratory disease in young and growing pigs, and enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. In this study, SILAC combined with MS/MS was used to quantitatively identify the secretory proteins differentially expressed in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells compared with mock-infected controls. In total, we identified 204 secretory proteins showing significant differences in infected cells (163 upregulated, 41 downregulated). Intensive bioinformatic analysis of secretome data revealed that PRRSV infection strongly activated nonclassical protein secretion, especially vesicle-mediated release of exosomal proteins, including different danger-associated molecular pattern molecules and the majority of secreted proteins involved in protein binding and transport, regulation of response to stimulus, metabolic processes, and immune responses. According to the functional proteins analysis, we speculate that proteins functioning in binding, transport, and the immune response are exploited by PRRSV to facilitate virus replication and immune evasion. Our study for the first time analyzes the secretory protein profile of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells and provides valuable insight into the host response to PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.
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29
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Du T, Cai K, Han H, Fang L, Liang J, Xiao S. Probing the interactions of CdTe quantum dots with pseudorabies virus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16403. [PMID: 26552937 PMCID: PMC4639764 DOI: 10.1038/srep16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the most promising luminescent materials for tracking viral infection in living cells. However, several issues regarding how QDs interact with the virus remain unresolved. Herein, the effects of Glutathione (GSH) capped CdTe QDs on virus were investigated by using pseudorabies virus (PRV) as a model. One-step growth curve and fluorescence colocalization analyses indicate that CdTe QDs inhibit PRV multiplication in the early stage of virus replication cycle by suppressing the invasion, but have no significant effect on the PRV penetration. Fluorescence spectrum analysis indicates that the size of QDs is reduced gradually after the addition of PRV within 30 min. Release of Cd2+ was detected during the interaction of QDs and PRV, resulting in a decreased number of viruses which can infect cells. Further Raman spectra and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy analyses reveal that the structure of viral surface proteins is altered by CdTe QDs adsorbed on the virus surface, leading to the inhibition of virus replication. This study facilitates an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of viruses and provides a basis for QDs-labeled virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Kaimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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30
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Zhu X, Sun L, Wang Y. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is upregulated by the Epstein-Barr virus infection and promotes the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:87-94. [PMID: 26382001 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION The current study confirmed the significant high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was promoted in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, in association with the malignant status of NPC, and promoted the proliferation NPC cells RAGE-dependently. OBJECTIVES The present study was to examine the association of HMGB1 over-expression in human NPC with the EBV-positivity and to determine the regulatory role of HMGB1 on the proliferation of NPC cells in vitro. METHODS Real-time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to examine the HMGB1 expression. EBV infection in CNE-2 cells was performed to investigate the HMGB1 promotion by EBV infection. RNA interference technology was utilized for the RAGE knockout. RESULTS It was demonstrated that HMGB1 was significantly higher in both mRNA and protein levels in the EBV-positive NPC tissues, in marked association with the malignant status of NPC, and with the LMP1 DNA level in EBV-positive NPC samples. In addition, the MTT assay, growth curve, and the colony forming assay confirmed the promotion by HMGB1 to the proliferation of CNE-2 cells, depending on RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- a Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery , China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , PR China and
| | - Le Sun
- b Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery , First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- b Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery , First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , PR China
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31
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Leonard CA, Schoborg RV, Borel N. Damage/Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) Modulate Chlamydia pecorum and C. trachomatis Serovar E Inclusion Development In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134943. [PMID: 26248286 PMCID: PMC4527707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence, more recently termed the chlamydial stress response, is a viable but non-infectious state constituting a divergence from the characteristic chlamydial biphasic developmental cycle. Damage/danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are normal intracellular components or metabolites that, when released from cells, signal cellular damage/lysis. Purine metabolite DAMPs, including extracellular ATP and adenosine, inhibit chlamydial development in a species-specific manner. Viral co-infection has been shown to reversibly abrogate Chlamydia inclusion development, suggesting persistence/chlamydial stress. Because viral infection can cause host cell DAMP release, we hypothesized DAMPs may influence chlamydial development. Therefore, we examined the effect of extracellular ATP, adenosine, and cyclic AMP exposure, at 0 and 14 hours post infection, on C. pecorum and C. trachomatis serovar E development. In the absence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post or at 14 hours post infection reduced inclusion size; however, the effect was less robust upon 14 hours post infection exposure. Additionally, upon exposure to DAMPs immediately post infection, bacteria per inclusion and subsequent infectivity were reduced in both Chlamydia species. These effects were reversible, and C. pecorum exhibited more pronounced recovery from DAMP exposure. Aberrant bodies, typical in virus-induced chlamydial persistence, were absent upon DAMP exposure. In the presence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post infection reduced inclusion size, but only variably modulated chlamydial infectivity. Because chlamydial infection and other infections may increase local DAMP concentrations, DAMPs may influence Chlamydia infection in vivo, particularly in the context of poly-microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Ann Leonard
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert V. Schoborg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole Borel
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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