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Yao M, Cao H, Li W, Hu Z, Rong Z, Yin M, Tian L, Hu D, Li X, Qian P. African swine fever virus MGF505-6R attenuates type I interferon production by targeting STING for degradation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380220. [PMID: 38799458 PMCID: PMC11116646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic and devastating infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. It is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is characterized by genetic diversity and sophisticated immune evasion strategies. To facilitate infection, ASFV encodes multiple proteins to antagonize host innate immune responses, thereby contributing to viral virulence and pathogenicity. The molecular mechanisms employed by ASFV-encoded proteins to modulate host antiviral responses have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, it was observed that the ASFV MGF505-6R protein, a member of the multigene family 505 (MGF505), effectively suppressed the activation of the interferon-beta (IFN-β) promoter, leading to reduced mRNA levels of antiviral genes. Additional evidence has revealed that MGF505-6R antagonizes the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by interacting with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) for degradation in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. The domain mapping revealed that the N-terminal region (1-260aa) of MGF505-6R is the primary domain responsible for interacting with STING, while the CTT domain of STING is crucial for its interaction with MGF505-6R. Furthermore, MGF505-6R also inhibits the activation of STING by reducing the K63-linked polyubiquitination of STING, leading to the disruption of STING oligomerization and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) recruitment, thereby impairing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Collectively, our study elucidates a novel strategy developed by ASFV MGF505-6R to counteract host innate immune responses. This discovery may offer valuable insights for further exploration of ASFV immune evasion mechanisms and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxiang Rong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linxing Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dayue Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Orosco FL. African swine fever virus proteins against host antiviral innate immunity and their implications for vaccine development. Open Vet J 2024; 14:941-951. [PMID: 38808296 PMCID: PMC11128636 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to global swine populations, necessitating a profound understanding of viral strategies against host antiviral innate immunity. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding ASFV proteins and their intricate interactions with host defenses. Noteworthy findings encompass the modulation of interferon signaling, manipulation of inflammatory pathways, and the impact on cellular apoptosis. The implications of these findings provide a foundation for advancing vaccine strategies against ASFV. In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge, emphasizing the adaptability of ASFV in subverting host immunity. Identified research gaps underscore the need for continued exploration, presenting opportunities for developing targeted vaccines. This synthesis provides a roadmap for future investigations, aiming to enhance our preparedness against the devastating impact of ASFV on global swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Institute of the Philippines Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
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3
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Liu X, Chen H, Ye G, Liu H, Feng C, Chen W, Hu L, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang X, He X, Guan Y, Wu Z, Zhao D, Bu Z, Weng C, Huang L. African swine fever virus pB318L, a trans-geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, negatively regulates cGAS-STING and IFNAR-JAK-STAT signaling pathways. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012136. [PMID: 38620034 PMCID: PMC11018288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and severe infectious disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). ASFV has evolved multiple strategies to escape host antiviral immune responses. Here, we reported that ASFV pB318L, a trans-geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, reduced the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mechanically, pB318L not only interacted with STING to reduce the translocation of STING from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus but also interacted with IFN receptors to reduce the interaction of IFNAR1/TYK2 and IFNAR2/JAK1. Of note, ASFV with interruption of B318L gene (ASFV-intB318L) infected PAMs produces more IFN-I and ISGs than that in PAMs infected with its parental ASFV HLJ/18 at the late stage of infection. Consistently, the pathogenicity of ASFV-intB318L is attenuated in piglets compared with its parental virus. Taken together, our data reveal that B318L gene may partially affect ASFV pathogenicity by reducing the production of IFN-I and ISGs. This study provides a clue to design antiviral agents or live attenuated vaccines to prevent and control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangqiang Ye
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunying Feng
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Hu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun He
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengshuang Wu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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Ye G, Zhang Z, Liu X, Liu H, Chen W, Feng C, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhao D, Zhang S, Chen H, Bu Z, Huang L, Weng C. African swine fever virus pH240R enhances viral replication via inhibition of the type I IFN signaling pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0183423. [PMID: 38353534 PMCID: PMC10949494 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01834-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and severe infectious disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection. At present, there are still no safe and effective drugs and vaccines to prevent ASF. Mining the important proteins encoded by ASFV that affect the virulence and replication of ASFV is the key to developing effective vaccines and drugs. In this study, ASFV pH240R, a capsid protein of ASFV, was found to inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, pH240R interacted with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 to disrupt the interaction of IFNAR1-TYK2 and IFNAR2-JAK1. Additionally, pH240R inhibited the phosphorylation of IFNAR1, TYK2, and JAK1 induced by IFN-α, resulting in the suppression of the nuclear import of STAT1 and STAT2 and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Consistent with these results, H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-∆H240R) infection induced more ISGs in porcine alveolar macrophages compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R enhanced viral replication via inhibition of ISGs expression. Taken together, our results clarify that pH240R enhances ASFV replication by inhibiting the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which highlights the possibility of pH240R as a potential drug target.IMPORTANCEThe innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against pathogen infection, which has been reported to affect the replication and virulence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates. Identification of ASFV-encoded proteins that affect the virulence and replication of ASFV is the key step in developing more effective vaccines and drugs. In this study, we found that pH240R interacted with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 by disrupting the interaction of IFNAR1-TYK2 and IFNAR2-JAK1, resulting in the suppression of the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). Consistent with these results, H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-∆H240R) infection induces more ISGs' expression compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R enhanced viral replication via inhibition of ISGs' expression. Taken together, our findings showed that pH240R enhances ASFV replication by inhibiting the IFN-JAK-STAT axis, which highlights the possibility of pH240R as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Ye
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunying Feng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hefeng Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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Dupré J, Le Dimna M, Hutet E, Dujardin P, Fablet A, Leroy A, Fleurot I, Karadjian G, Roesch F, Caballero I, Bourry O, Vitour D, Le Potier MF, Caignard G. Exploring type I interferon pathway: virulent vs. attenuated strain of African swine fever virus revealing a novel function carried by MGF505-4R. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358219. [PMID: 38529285 PMCID: PMC10961335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus represents a significant reemerging threat to livestock populations, as its incidence and geographic distribution have surged over the past decade in Europe, Asia, and Caribbean, resulting in substantial socio-economic burdens and adverse effects on animal health and welfare. In a previous report, we described the protective properties of our newly thermo-attenuated strain (ASFV-989) in pigs against an experimental infection of its parental Georgia 2007/1 virulent strain. In this new study, our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ASFV-989. We first compared the activation of type I interferon pathway in response to ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 infections, employing both in vivo and in vitro models. Expression of IFN-α was significantly increased in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with ASFV-989 while pigs infected with Georgia 2007/1 showed higher IFN-α than those infected by ASFV-989. We also used a medium-throughput transcriptomic approach to study the expression of viral genes by both strains, and identified several patterns of gene expression. Subsequently, we investigated whether proteins encoded by the eight genes deleted in ASFV-989 contribute to the modulation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. Using different strategies, we showed that MGF505-4R interfered with the induction of IFN-α/β pathway, likely through interaction with TRAF3. Altogether, our data reveal key differences between ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 in their ability to control IFN-α/β signaling and provide molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MGF505-4R as a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Dupré
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) VIROLOGIE, Institut National Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Mireille Le Dimna
- Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Evelyne Hutet
- Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascal Dujardin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) VIROLOGIE, Institut National Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurore Fablet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) VIROLOGIE, Institut National Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélien Leroy
- UMR 1282 Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Fleurot
- UMR 1282 Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Grégory Karadjian
- UMR Biologie moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires (BIPAR), ENVA-INRAE-ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ferdinand Roesch
- UMR 1282 Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ignacio Caballero
- UMR 1282 Infectiologie et santé publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Damien Vitour
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) VIROLOGIE, Institut National Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Grégory Caignard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) VIROLOGIE, Institut National Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Li Y, Huang L, Li H, Zhu Y, Yu Z, Zheng X, Weng C, Feng WH. ASFV pA151R negatively regulates type I IFN production via degrading E3 ligase TRAF6. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339510. [PMID: 38449860 PMCID: PMC10914938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly mortal and hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. Previous studies have indicated that ASFV modulates interferon (IFN) production. In this study, we demonstrated that ASFV pA151R negatively regulated type I IFN production. Ectopic expression of pA151R dramatically inhibited K63-linked polyubiquitination and Ser172 phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Mechanically, we demonstrated that E3 ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) participated in the ubiquitination of TBK1 in cGAS-STING signaling pathway. We showed that pA151R interacted with TRAF6 and degraded it through apoptosis pathway, leading to the disruption of TBK1 and TRAF6 interaction. Moreover, we clarified that the amino acids H102, C109, C132, and C135 in pA151R were crucial for pA151R to inhibit type I interferon production. In addition, we verified that overexpression of pA151R facilitated DNA virus Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication by inhibiting IFN-β production. Importantly, knockdown of pA151R inhibited ASFV replication and enhanced IFN-β production in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Our findings will help understand how ASFV escapes host antiviral immune responses and develop effective ASFV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang K, Huang Q, Li X, Zhao Z, Hong C, Sun Z, Deng B, Li C, Zhang J, Wang S. The cGAS-STING pathway in viral infections: a promising link between inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352479. [PMID: 38426093 PMCID: PMC10902852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The host defence responses play vital roles in viral infection and are regulated by complex interactive networks. The host immune system recognizes viral pathogens through the interaction of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a PRR mainly in the cytoplasm, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses and binds virus DNA and subsequently activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to trigger a series of intracellular signalling cascades to defend against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Integrated omic and functional analyses identify the cGAS-STING pathway regulating various host cellular responses and controlling viral infections. Aside from its most common function in regulating inflammation and type I interferon, a growing body of evidence suggests that the cGAS-STING signalling axis is closely associated with a series of cellular responses, such as oxidative stress, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which have major impacts on physiological homeostasis. Interestingly, these host cellular responses play dual roles in the regulation of the cGAS-STING signalling axis and the clearance of viruses. Here, we outline recent insights into cGAS-STING in regulating type I interferon, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress and discuss their interactions with viral infections. A detailed understanding of the cGAS-STING-mediated potential antiviral effects contributes to revealing the pathogenesis of certain viruses and sheds light on effective solutions for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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8
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Yang X, Li X, Bao Q, Wang Z, He S, Qu X, Tang Y, Song B, Huang J, Yi G. Uncovering Evolutionary Adaptations in Common Warthogs through Genomic Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38397156 PMCID: PMC10888464 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Suidae family, warthogs show significant survival adaptability and trait specificity. This study offers a comparative genomic analysis between the warthog and other Suidae species, including the Luchuan pig, Duroc pig, and Red River hog. By integrating the four genomes with sequences from the other four species, we identified 8868 single-copy orthologous genes. Based on 8868 orthologous protein sequences, phylogenetic assessments highlighted divergence timelines and unique evolutionary branches within suid species. Warthogs exist on different evolutionary branches compared to DRCs and LCs, with a divergence time preceding that of DRC and LC. Contraction and expansion analyses of warthog gene families have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of their evolutionary adaptations. Using GO, KEGG, and MGI databases, warthogs showed a preference for expansion in sensory genes and contraction in metabolic genes, underscoring phenotypic diversity and adaptive evolution direction. Associating genes with the QTLdb-pigSS11 database revealed links between gene families and immunity traits. The overlap of olfactory genes in immune-related QTL regions highlighted their importance in evolutionary adaptations. This work highlights the unique evolutionary strategies and adaptive mechanisms of warthogs, guiding future research into the distinct adaptability and disease resistance in pigs, particularly focusing on traits such as resistance to African Swine Fever Virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
| | - Xingzheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Qi Bao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Sang He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Yueting Tang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bangmin Song
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jieping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.B.); (Z.W.); (S.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.T.); (B.S.)
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China
- Bama Yao Autonomous County Rural Revitalization Research Institute, Bama 547500, China
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Wei J, Liu C, He X, Abbas B, Chen Q, Li Z, Feng Z. Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Delivering African Swine Fever Virus CD2v and p54. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:335. [PMID: 38203508 PMCID: PMC10779401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boar, and it is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, no commercially available vaccine exists for its prevention in China. In this study, we engineered a pseudorabies recombinant virus (PRV) expressing ASFV CD2v and p54 proteins (PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54)) using CRISPR/Cas9 and homologous recombination technology. PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) effectively delivers CD2v and p54, and it exhibits reduced virulence. Immunization with PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) neither induces pruritus nor causes systemic infection and inflammation. Furthermore, a double knockout of the TK and gE genes eliminates the depletion of T, B, and monocytes/macrophages in the blood caused by wild-type viral infection, decreases the proliferation of granulocytes to eliminate T-cell immunosuppression from granulocytes, and enhances the ability of the immune system against PRV infection. An overexpression of CD2v and p54 proteins does not alter the characteristics of PRV-∆TK/∆gE. Moreover, PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) successfully induces antibody production via intramuscular (IM) vaccination and confers effective protection for vaccinated mice upon challenge. Thus, PRV-∆TK-(CD2v)-∆gE-(p54) demonstrates good immunogenicity and safety, providing highly effective protection against PRV and ASFV. It potentially represents a suitable candidate for the development of a bivalent vaccine against both PRV and ASFV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Chuancheng Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xinyan He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Bilal Abbas
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (B.A.); (Q.C.)
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10
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Ranathunga L, Dodantenna N, Cha JW, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Weerawardhana A, Subasinghe A, Haluwana DK, Gamage N, Lee JS. African swine fever virus B175L inhibits the type I interferon pathway by targeting STING and 2'3'-cGAMP. J Virol 2023; 97:e0079523. [PMID: 37902401 PMCID: PMC10688321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00795-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV), the only known DNA arbovirus, is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), an acutely contagious disease in pigs. ASF has recently become a crisis in the pig industry in recent years, but there are no commercially available vaccines. Studying the immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV proteins is important for the understanding the pathogenesis of ASFV and essential information for the development of an effective live-attenuated ASFV vaccines. Here, we identified ASFV B175L, previously uncharacterized proteins that inhibit type I interferon signaling by targeting STING and 2'3'-cGAMP. The conserved B175L-zf-FCS motif specifically interacted with both cGAMP and the R238 and Y240 amino acids of STING. Consequently, this interaction interferes with the interaction of cGAMP and STING, thereby inhibiting downstream signaling of IFN-mediated antiviral responses. This novel mechanism of B175L opens a new avenue as one of the ASFV virulent genes that can contribute to the advancement of ASFV live-attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmal Ranathunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ashan Subasinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - D. K. Haluwana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nuwan Gamage
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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11
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Wang H, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Chen S, Sun W, Zhang Z, Guo J, Yang C, Li Z, Chen L. Unamplified system for sensitive and typing detection of ASFV by the cascade platform that CRISPR-Cas12a combined with graphene field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115637. [PMID: 37669587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, the 100% case fatality and the cross-infection of virus strains make the ASFV 's harm to society continue to expand. The absence of an effective commercial vaccine poses early detection remains the most effective means of curbing ASFV infection. Here, we report a cascaded detection platform based on the CRISPR-Cas12a system combined with graphene field-effect transistor sensors. The cascade platform could detect ASFV as low as 0.5 aM within 30 min and achieve typing of wild and vaccine strains of ASFV in a single detection system. The evaluation of 16 clinical samples proved that, compared with the gold standard Real-time PCR method, this platform has outstanding advantages in sensitivity, specificity and typing. Combining CRISPR-Cas12a's high specificity with the bipolar electric field effect of graphene field-effect transistor, the cascade platform is expected to achieve clinical application in the field of DNA disease detection, and provides a new direction for multi-strain disease typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Shandong University, No. 17923 Jing Shi Road, Jinan, 250061, PR China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450099, PR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China.
| | - Zhengping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China.
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Zheng W, Xi J, Zi Y, Wang J, Chi Y, Chen M, Zou Q, Tang C, Zhou X. Stability of African swine fever virus genome under different environmental conditions. Vet World 2023; 16:2374-2381. [PMID: 38152254 PMCID: PMC10750735 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2374-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim African swine fever (ASF), a globally transmitted viral disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV), can severely damage the global trade economy. Laboratory diagnostic methods, including pathogen and serological detection techniques, are currently used to monitor and control ASF. Because the large double-stranded DNA genome of the mature virus particle is wrapped in a membrane, the stability of ASFV and its genome is maintained in most natural environments. This study aimed to investigate the stability of ASFV under different environmental conditions from both genomic and antibody perspectives, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and elimination of ASFV. Materials and Methods In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological assays to examine the stability of the ASFV genome and antibody, respectively, under different environmental conditions. Results The stability of the ASFV genome and antibody under high-temperature conditions depended on the treatment time. In the pH test, the ASFV genome and antibody remained stable in both acidic and alkaline environments. Disinfection tests revealed that the ASFV genome and antibody were susceptible to standard disinfection methods. Conclusion Collectively, the results demonstrated that the ASFV genome is highly stable in favorable environments but are also susceptible to standard disinfection methods. This study focuses on the stability of the ASFV genome under different conditions and provides various standard disinfection methods for the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Jiahui Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yin Zi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Qingjian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Chengcheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
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Chen Q, Li L, Liu L, Liu Z, Guo S, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. African Swine Fever Virus pF778R Attenuates Type I Interferon Response by Impeding STAT1 Nuclear Translocation. Virus Res 2023; 335:199190. [PMID: 37536381 PMCID: PMC10424126 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an extensive and intricate double-stranded DNA virus with approximately 100% lethality in domestic swine. There is no effective vaccine to combat this virus, and this has led to substantial economic losses in the swine industry. ASFV encodes various proteins that impede interferon-based immune defenses in the host by employing diverse mechanisms. However, the roles of most of these proteins remain unknown. Therefore, understanding the immune evasion mechanisms employed by ASFV may facilitate the development of effective measures against the virus. In this study, we discovered a negative regulation of the type I interferon (IFN) response by the ASFV ribonuclease reductase large subunit pF778R. This novel type Ⅰ IFN response antagonist significantly inhibits IFN-α-induced interferon-stimulated response element promoter activation, precludes the upregulation of various interferon-stimulated genes, and prevents STAT1 nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, pF778R did not affect the protein levels of crucial molecules in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway or engage in direct interactions. However, pF778R expression impedes type I IFN responses mediated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Further investigations revealed that pF778R did not interfere with STAT1 phosphorylation or dimerization, but it inhibited IFN signaling by weakening the nuclear accumulation of activated STAT1. The critical role of the ASFV protein pF778R in evading IFN-I-mediated innate immunity highlights a unique mode of ASFV evasion and provides insights into the pathogenic mechanism of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Gong W, Du H, Wang T, Sun H, Peng P, Qin S, Geng H, Zeng Z, Liang W, Ling H, Tu C, Tu Z. Epizootiological surveillance of porcine circoviruses in free-ranging wild boars in China. Virol Sin 2023; 38:663-670. [PMID: 37660950 PMCID: PMC10590700 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Four species of porcine circoviruses (PCV1-4) have been reported to circulate in Chinese domestic pigs, while the epizootiology of these viruses in free-ranging wild boars in China remains unknown. In this study, tissue and serum samples collected from diseased or apparently healthy wild boars between 2018 and 2020 in 19 regions of China were tested for the prevalence of PCV1-4 infections. Positive rates of PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 DNA in the tissue samples of Chinese wild boars were 1.6% (4/247), 58.3% (144/247), and 10.9% (27/247) respectively, with none positive for PCV4. Sequence analysis of viral genome showed that the four PCV1 strains distributed in Hunan and Inner Mongolia shared 97.5%-99.6% sequence identity with global distributed reference strains. Comparison of the ORF2 gene sequences showed that 80 PCV2 strains widely distributed in 18 regions shared 79.5%-100% sequence identity with reference strains from domestic pigs and wild boars, and were grouped into PCV2a (7), PCV2b (31) and PCV2d (42). For PCV3, 17 sequenced strains shared 97.2%-100% nucleotide identity at the genomic level and could be divided into PCV3a (3), PCV3b (2) and PCV3c (12) based on the phylogeny of ORF2 gene sequences. Serological data revealed antibody positive rates against PCV1 and PCV2 of 11.4% (19/167) and 53.9% (90/167) respectively. The data obtained in this study improved our understanding about the epidemiological situations of PCVs infection in free-ranging wild boars in China and will be valuable for the prevention and control of diseases caused by PCVs infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Haiying Du
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Heting Sun
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Haidong Geng
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Wangwang Liang
- Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Hongquan Ling
- Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhongzhong Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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15
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Ye G, Liu H, Liu X, Chen W, Li J, Zhao D, Wang G, Feng C, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Zheng J, Bu Z, Weng C, Huang L. African Swine Fever Virus H240R Protein Inhibits the Production of Type I Interferon through Disrupting the Oligomerization of STING. J Virol 2023; 97:e0057723. [PMID: 37199611 PMCID: PMC10537660 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs and wild boars. Domestic pigs infected with virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates have a high mortality, approaching 100%. Identification of ASFV genes related to virulence/pathogenicity and deletion of them are considered to be key steps in the development of live attenuated vaccines, because the ability of ASFV to escape host innate immune responses is related to viral pathogenicity. However, the relationship between the host antiviral innate immune responses and the pathogenic genes of ASFV has not been fully understood. In this study, the ASFV H240R protein (pH240R), a capsid protein of ASFV, was found to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production. Mechanistically, pH240R interacted with the N-terminal transmembrane domain of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and inhibited its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Additionally, pH240R inhibited the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to reduced production of type I IFN. Consistent with these results, infection with H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-ΔH240R) induced more type I IFN than infection with its parental strain, ASFV HLJ/18. We also found that pH240R may enhance viral replication via inhibition of type I IFN production and the antiviral effect of interferon alpha (IFN-α). Taken together, our findings provide a new explanation for the reduction of ASFV's replication ability by knockout of the H240R gene and a clue for the development of live attenuated ASFV vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality, approaching 100% in domestic pigs. However, the relationship between viral pathogenicity and immune evasion of ASFV is not fully understood, which limits the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines, specifically, live attenuated vaccines. In this study, we found that pH240R, as a potent antagonist, inhibited type I IFN production by targeting STING and inhibiting its oligomerization and translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we also found that deletion of the H240R gene reduced viral pathogenicity by enhancing type I IFN production, which decreases ASFV replication. Taken together, our findings provide a clue for the development of an ASFV live attenuated vaccine via deleting the H240R gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Ye
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chunying Feng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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16
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Wu Z, Lu H, Zhu D, Xie J, Sun F, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, Xia W, Zhu S. Developing an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies Using a Tag-Free p15 Protein Antigen. Viruses 2023; 15:1939. [PMID: 37766344 PMCID: PMC10534517 DOI: 10.3390/v15091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most severe diseases caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), causing massive economic losses to the global pig industry. Serological tests are important in ASF epidemiological surveillance, and more antigen targets are needed to meet market demand for ASFV antibody detection. In the present study, ASFV p15 protein was fusion-expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) with elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), and the ELP-p15 protein was purified using a simple inverse transition cycling (ITC) process. The ELP tag was cleaved off using tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp), resulting in a tag-free p15 protein. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the p15 protein reacted strongly with ASFV-positive serum. The p15 protein was used as a coating antigen in an indirect ELISA (iELISA) for detecting ASFV antibodies. The p15-iELISA method demonstrated high specificity to ASFV-positive sera, with a maximum detection dilution of 1:1600. Moreover, the method exhibited good reproducibility, with less intra-assay and inter-assay CV values than 10%. Therefore, p15-iELISA offers a novel approach for accurately detecting ASFV antibodies with significant clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Huipeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dewei Zhu
- Yancheng Engineering Research Center of Animal Biologics, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China;
| | - Jun Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Tumor Targeted Nano Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China; (H.Z.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Tumor Targeted Nano Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Wenlong Xia
- Yancheng Engineering Research Center of Animal Biologics, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China;
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (J.X.); (F.S.); (Y.X.)
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17
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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18
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Yang X, Bie X, Liu H, Shi X, Zhang D, Zhao D, Hao Y, Yang J, Yan W, Chen G, Chen L, Zhu Z, Yang F, Ma X, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang K. Metabolomic analysis of pig spleen reveals African swine fever virus infection increased acylcarnitine levels to facilitate viral replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0058623. [PMID: 37582206 PMCID: PMC10506482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00586-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) that adversely affects the pig industry. The spleen is the main target organ of ASFV; however, the function of metabolites in the spleen during ASFV infection is yet to be investigated. To define the metabolic changes in the spleen after ASFV infection, untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses of spleens from ASFV-infected pigs were conducted. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 540 metabolites with significant differential levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Moreover, 134 of 540 metabolites quantified by targeted metabolomics analysis had differential levels and were enriched in metabolic pathways such as the biosynthesis of cofactors, ABC transporters, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Furthermore, coalition analysis of untargeted and targeted metabolomics data revealed that the levels of acylcarnitines, which are intermediates of fatty acid β-oxidation, were significantly increased in ASFV-infected spleens compared with those in the uninfected spleens. Moreover, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation significantly reduced ASFV replication, indicating that fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for this process. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting the metabolite profiles of ASFV-infected pigs. This study revealed a new mechanism of ASFV-mediated regulation of host metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of ASFV, which will benefit the development of target drugs for ASFV replication. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfarviridae family, relies on hijacking host metabolism to meet the demand for self-replication. However, the change in host metabolism after African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the metabolic changes in the pig spleen after ASFV infection for the first time. ASFV infection increased the levels of acylcarnitines. Inhibition of the production and metabolism of acylcarnitines inhibited ASFV replication. Acylcarnitines are the vital intermediates of fatty acid β-oxidation. This study highlights the critical role of fatty acid β-oxidation in ASFV infection, which may help identify target drugs to control African swine fever disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xintian Bie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - DengShuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Lu P, Zhou J, Wei S, Takada K, Masutani H, Okuda S, Okamoto K, Suzuki M, Kitamura T, Masujin K, Kokuho T, Itoh H, Nagata K. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of African swine fever virus strains. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4322-4335. [PMID: 37711186 PMCID: PMC10497913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is the most devastating disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), impacting the pig industry worldwide and threatening food security and biodiversity. Although two vaccines have been approved in Vietnam to combat ASFV, the complexity of the virus, with its numerous open reading frames (ORFs), necessitates a more diverse vaccine strategy. Therefore, we focused on identifying and investigating the potential vaccine targets for developing a broad-spectrum defense against the virus. This study collected the genomic and/or transcriptomic data of different ASFV strains, specifically from in vitro studies, focusing on comparisons between genotypes I, II, and X, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The comprehensive analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic differences between high- and low-virulence strains revealed six early genes, 13 late genes, and six short genes as potentially essential ORFs associated with high-virulence. In addition, many other ORFs (e.g., 14 multigene family members) are worth investigating. The results of this study provided candidate ORFs for developing ASF vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jiaqiao Zhou
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sibo Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Konosuke Takada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hayato Masutani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kokuho
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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20
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Afe AE, Shen ZJ, Guo X, Zhou R, Li K. African Swine Fever Virus Interaction with Host Innate Immune Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:1220. [PMID: 37376520 DOI: 10.3390/v15061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) adversely affects pig farming owing to its 100% mortality rate. The condition is marked by elevated body temperature, bleeding, and ataxia in domestic pigs, whereas warthogs and ticks remain asymptomatic despite being natural reservoirs for the virus. Breeding ASFV-resistant pigs is a promising solution for eradicating this disease. ASFV employs several mechanisms to deplete the host antiviral response. This review explores the interaction of ASFV proteins with innate host immunity and the various types of machinery encompassed by viral proteins that inhibit and induce different signaling pathways, such as cGAS-STING, NF-κB, Tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β), ubiquitination, viral inhibition of apoptosis, and resistance to ASFV infection. Prospects for developing a domestic pig that is resistant to ASFV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Ebenezer Afe
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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21
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Hao S, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Yao Y, Li S, Xu Y, Feng WH. African swine fever virus QP383R dampens type I interferon production by promoting cGAS palmitoylation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186916. [PMID: 37228597 PMCID: PMC10203406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes viral DNA and synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING/MITA) and downstream mediators to elicit an innate immune response. African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins can antagonize host immune responses to promote its infection. Here, we identified ASFV protein QP383R as an inhibitor of cGAS. Specifically, we found that overexpression of QP383R suppressed type I interferons (IFNs) activation stimulated by dsDNA and cGAS/STING, resulting in decreased transcription of IFNβ and downstream proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we showed that QP383R interacted directly with cGAS and promoted cGAS palmitoylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that QP383R suppressed DNA binding and cGAS dimerization, thus inhibiting cGAS enzymatic functions and reducing cGAMP production. Finally, the truncation mutation analysis indicated that the 284-383aa of QP383R inhibited IFNβ production. Considering these results collectively, we conclude that QP383R can antagonize host innate immune response to ASFV by targeting the core component cGAS in cGAS-STING signaling pathways, an important viral strategy to evade this innate immune sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Gao Q, Yang Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Gong T, Wu D, Feng Y, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhang G, Lu G, Gong L. African Swine Fever Virus Envelope Glycoprotein CD2v Interacts with Host CSF2RA to Regulate the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway and Inhibit Apoptosis to Facilitate Virus Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0188922. [PMID: 37022174 PMCID: PMC10134862 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01889-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in swine. It is characterized by the death of cells in infected tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of ASFV-induced cell death in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) remains largely unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of ASFV-infected PAMs found that ASFV activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in the early stages and apoptosis in the late stages of infection. Meanwhile, the JAK2-STAT3 pathway was confirmed to be essential for ASFV replication. AG490 and andrographolide (AND) inhibited the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, promoted ASFV-induced apoptosis, and exerted antiviral effects. Additionally, CD2v promoted STAT3 transcription and phosphorylation as well as translocation into the nucleus. CD2v is the main envelope glycoprotein of the ASFV, and further investigations showed that CD2v deletion downregulates the JAK2-STAT3 pathway and promotes apoptosis to inhibit ASFV replication. Furthermore, we discovered that CD2v interacts with CSF2RA, which is a hematopoietic receptor superfamily member in myeloid cells and a key receptor protein that activates receptor-associated JAK and STAT proteins. In this study, CSF2RA small interfering RNA (siRNA) downregulated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway and promoted apoptosis to inhibit ASFV replication. Taken together, ASFV replication requires the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, while CD2v interacts with CSF2RA to regulate the JAK2-STAT3 pathway and inhibit apoptosis to facilitate virus replication. These results provide a theoretical basis for the escape mechanism and pathogenesis of ASFV. IMPORTANCE African swine fever is a hemorrhagic disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which infects pigs of different breeds and ages, with a fatality rate of up to 100%. It is one of the key diseases affecting the global livestock industry. Currently, no commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Here, we show that ASFV replicates via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. More specifically, ASFV CD2v interacts with CSF2RA to activate the JAK2-STAT3 pathway and inhibit apoptosis, thereby maintaining the survival of infected cells and promoting viral replication. This study revealed an important implication of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in ASFV infection and identified a novel mechanism by which CD2v has evolved to interact with CSF2RA and maintain JAK2-STAT3 pathway activation to inhibit apoptosis, thus elucidating new information regarding the signal reprogramming of host cells by ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongnan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) H240R Gene Attenuates the Virulence of ASFV by Enhancing NLRP3-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0122722. [PMID: 36656014 PMCID: PMC9972963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01227-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate of up to 100%. In order to replicate efficiently in macrophages and monocytes, ASFV has evolved multiple strategies to evade host antiviral responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ASFV-encoded proteins execute immune evasion are not fully understood. In this study, we found that ASFV pH240R strongly inhibits transcription, maturation, and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Importantly, pH240R not only targeted NF-κB signaling but also impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this mechanism, pH240R interacted with NF-kappa-B essential modulator (NEMO), a component of inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK) complex and subsequently reduced phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. In addition, pH240R bonded to NLRP3 to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in reduced IL-1β production. As expected, infection with H240R-deficient ASFV (ASFV-ΔH240R) induced more inflammatory cytokine expression both in vitro and in vivo than its parental ASFV HLJ/18 strain. Consistently, H240R deficiency reduced the viral pathogenicity in pigs compared with its parental strain. These findings reveal that the H240R gene is an essential virulence factor, and deletion of the H240R gene affects the pathogenicity of ASFV HLJ/18 by enhancing antiviral inflammatory responses, which provides insights for ASFV immune evasion mechanisms and development of attenuated live vaccines and drugs for prevention and control of ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs, with a high mortality approaching 100%. ASFV has spread rapidly worldwide and caused huge economic losses and ecological consequences. However, the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV are not fully understood, which limits the development of safe and effective ASF attenuated live vaccines. Therefore, investigations are urgently needed to identify virulence factors that are responsible for escaping the host antiviral innate immune responses and provide a new target for development of ASFV live-attenuated vaccine. In this study, we determined that the H240R gene is an essential virulence factor, and its depletion affects the pathogenicity of ASFV by enhancing NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses, which provides theoretical support for the development of an ASFV attenuated live vaccine.
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24
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Cheng M, Kanyema MM, Sun Y, Zhao W, Lu Y, Wang J, Li X, Shi C, Wang J, Wang N, Yang W, Jiang Y, Huang H, Yang G, Zeng Y, Wang C, Cao X. African Swine Fever Virus L83L Negatively Regulates the cGAS-STING-Mediated IFN-I Pathway by Recruiting Tollip To Promote STING Autophagic Degradation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0192322. [PMID: 36779759 PMCID: PMC9973008 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01923-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which poses a great danger to the global pig industry. Many viral proteins can suppress with interferon signaling to evade the host's innate immune responses. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against ASFV has been dampened. Recent studies have suggested that the L83L gene may be integrated into the host genome, weakening the host immune system, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Our study found that L83L negatively regulates the cGAS-STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway. Overexpression of L83L inhibited IFN-β promoter and ISRE activity, and knockdown of L83L induced higher transcriptional levels of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and phosphorylation levels of IRF3 in primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Mechanistically, L83L interacted with cGAS and STING to promote autophagy-lysosomal degradation of STING by recruiting Tollip, thereby blocking the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules TBK1, IRF3, and IκBα and reducing IFN-I production. Altogether, our study reveals a negative regulatory mechanism involving the L83L-cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis and provides insights into an evasion strategy involving autophagy and innate signaling pathways employed by ASFV. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects porcine macrophages. The ASFV genome encodes a large number of immunosuppressive proteins. Current options for the prevention and control of this pathogen remain pretty limited. Our study showed that overexpression of L83L inhibited the cGAS-STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway. In contrast, the knockdown of L83L during ASFV infection enhanced IFN-I production in porcine alveolar macrophages. Additional analysis revealed that L83L protein downregulated IFN-I signaling by recruiting Tollip to promote STING autophagic degradation. Although L83L deletion has been reported to have little effect on viral replication, its immune evade mechanism has not been elucidated. The present study extends our understanding of the functions of ASFV-encoded pL83L and its immune evasion strategy, which may provide a new basis for developing a live attenuated vaccine for ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Makoye Mhozya Kanyema
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Yu L, Zhu Z, Deng J, Tian K, Li X. Antagonisms of ASFV towards Host Defense Mechanisms: Knowledge Gaps in Viral Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:574. [PMID: 36851786 PMCID: PMC9963191 DOI: 10.3390/v15020574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) causes high morbidity and mortality of both domestic pigs and wild boars and severely impacts the swine industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV), the etiologic agent of ASF epidemics, mainly infects myeloid cells in swine mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), including blood-circulating monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Since their significant roles in bridging host innate and adaptive immunity, these cells provide ASFV with favorable targets to manipulate and block their antiviral activities, leading to immune escape and immunosuppression. To date, vaccines are still being regarded as the most promising measure to prevent and control ASF outbreaks. However, ASF vaccine development is delayed and limited by existing knowledge gaps in viral immune evasion, pathogenesis, etc. Recent studies have revealed that ASFV can employ diverse strategies to interrupt the host defense mechanisms via abundant self-encoded proteins. Thus, this review mainly focuses on the antagonisms of ASFV-encoded proteins towards IFN-I production, IFN-induced antiviral response, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, we also make a brief discussion concerning the potential challenges in future development of ASF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzheng Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junhua Deng
- Luoyang Putai Biotech Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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26
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Chen Q, Li L, Guo S, Liu Z, Liu L, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. African swine fever virus pA104R protein acts as a suppressor of type I interferon signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169699. [PMID: 37089552 PMCID: PMC10119599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the role of the late viral protein, pA104R, in African swine fever virus immunosuppression. ASFV-encoded pA104R is a putative histone-like protein that is highly conserved throughout different virulent and non-virulent isolates. Previous studies have demonstrated that pA104R plays a vital role in the ASFV replication cycle and is a potential target for antiviral therapy. Here, we demonstrated that pA104R is a potent antagonist of type I interferon signaling. IFN-stimulated response element activity and subsequent transcription of co-transfected and endogenous interferon-stimulated genes were attenuated by pA104R treatment in HEK-293 T cells. Immunoprecipitation assay and reciprocal pull-down showed that pA104R does not interact directly with STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9. However, pA104R could inhibit IFN signaling by attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation, and we identified the critical amino acid residues (R/H69,72 and K/R92,94,97) involved through the targeted mutation functional assays. Although pA104R is a histone-like protein localized to the nucleus, it did not inhibit IFN signaling through its DNA-binding capacity. In addition, activation of the ISRE promoter by IRF9-Stat2(TA), a STAT1-independent pathway, was inhibited by pA104R. Further results revealed that both the transcriptional activation and recruitment of transcriptional stimulators by interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 were not impaired. Although we failed to determine a mechanism for pA104R-mediated IFN signaling inhibition other than attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT1, these results might imply a possible involvement of epigenetic modification by ASFV pA104R. Taken together, these findings support that pA104R is an antagonist of type I interferon signaling, which may interfere with multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangru Wang,
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A Naturally Occurring Microhomology-Mediated Deletion of Three Genes in African Swine Fever Virus Isolated from Two Sardinian Wild Boars. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112524. [PMID: 36423133 PMCID: PMC9693351 DOI: 10.3390/v14112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a lethal disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF threatens the pig industry worldwide due to the lack of a licensed vaccine or treatment. The disease has been endemic for more than 40 years in Sardinia (Italy), but an intense campaign pushed it close to eradication; virus circulation was last detected in wild boars in 2019. In this study, we present a genomic analysis of two ASFV strains isolated in Sardinia from two wild boars during the 2019 hunting season. Both isolates presented a deletion of 4342 base pairs near the 5' end of the genome, encompassing the genes MGF 360-6L, X69R, and MGF 300-1L. The phylogenetic evidence suggests that the deletion recently originated within the Sardinia ecosystem and that it is most likely the result of a non-allelic homologous recombination driven by a microhomology present in most Sardinian ASFV genomes. These results represent a striking example of a genomic feature promoting the rapid evolution of structural variations and plasticity in the ASFV genome. They also raise interesting questions about the functions of the deleted genes and the potential link between the evolutionary timing of the deletion appearance and the eradication campaign.
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28
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Abstract
Alphaviruses contain many human and animal pathogens, such as CHIKV, SINV, and VEEV. Accumulating evidence indicates that innate immunity plays an important role in response to alphaviruses infection. In parallel, alphaviruses have evolved many strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity. In the current review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by alphaviruses to evade cGAS-STING, IFN, transcriptional host shutoff, translational host shutoff, and RNAi. Dissecting the detailed antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by alphaviruses will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of alphaviruses and may provide more effective strategies to control alphaviruses infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
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29
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African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Inhibits Type I Interferon Signaling by Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 9 for Autophagic Degradation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0094422. [PMID: 35972295 PMCID: PMC9472647 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00944-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars that has significant economic consequences for the pig industry. The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway is a pivotal component of the innate antiviral response, and ASFV has evolved multiple mechanisms to antagonize this pathway and facilitate infection. Here, we reported a novel function of ASFV pI215L in inhibiting type I IFN signaling. Our results showed that ASFV pI215L inhibited IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter activity and subsequent transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) by triggering interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) degradation. Additionally, we found that catalytically inactive pI215L mutations retained the ability to block type I IFN signaling, indicating that this only known viral E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mediates IFR9 degradation in a ubiquitin-conjugating activity-independent manner. By coimmunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, and subcellular fractionation approaches, we demonstrated that pI215L interacted with IRF9 and impaired the formation and nuclear translocation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). Moreover, further mechanism studies supported that pI215L induced IRF9 degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway in both pI215L-overexpressed and ASFV-infected cells. These findings reveal a new immune evasion strategy evolved by ASFV in which pI215L acts to degrade host IRF9 via the autophagic pathway, thus inhibiting the type I IFN signaling and counteracting the host innate immune response. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and lethal disease in pigs and wild boars that is currently present in many countries, severely affecting the global pig industry. Despite extensive research, effective vaccines and antiviral strategies are still lacking, and many fundamental questions regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying host innate immunity escape remain unclear. In this study, we identified ASFV pI215L, the only known viral E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, which is involved in antagonizing the type I interferon signaling. Mechanistically, pI215L interacted with interferon regulatory factor 9 for autophagic degradation, and this degradation was independent of its ubiquitin-conjugating activity. These results increase the current knowledge regarding ASFV evasion of innate immunity, which may instruct future research on antiviral strategies and dissection of ASFV pathogenesis.
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30
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Zheng W, Xia N, Zhang J, Cao Q, Jiang S, Luo J, Wang H, Chen N, Zhang Q, Meurens F, Zhu J. African Swine Fever Virus Structural Protein p17 Inhibits cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway Through Interacting With STING. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941579. [PMID: 35844609 PMCID: PMC9283692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 proteins, which establish complex interactions with the host for the benefit of the virus in order to evade the host’s defenses. However, currently, there is still a lack of information regarding the roles of the viral proteins in host cells. Here, our data demonstrated that ASFV structural protein p17 exerts a negative regulatory effect on cGAS-STING signaling pathway and the STING signaling dependent anti-HSV1 and anti-VSV functions. Further, the results indicated that ASFV p17 was located in ER and Golgi apparatus, and interacted with STING. ASFV p17 could interfere the STING to recruit TBK1 and IKKϵ through its interaction with STING. It was also suggested that the transmembrane domain (amino acids 39–59) of p17 is required for interacting with STING and inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway. Additionally, with the p17 specific siRNA, the ASFV induced IFN-β, ISG15, ISG56, IL-6 and IL-8 gene transcriptions were upregulated in ASFV infected primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Taken together, ASFV p17 can inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway through its interaction with STING and interference of the recruitment of TBK1 and IKKϵ. Our work establishes the role of p17 in the immune evasion and thus provides insights on ASFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zheng
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nengwen Xia
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Cao
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, Nantes, France
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Zhu,
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