1
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Liu K, Lv L, Li W, Wang X, Han M, Ren Z, Gao W, Wang P, Liu X, Sun L, Zhang G. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation for the acceleration of landfill stabilization: Enhanced hydrolytic acidification by facultative bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129615. [PMID: 37544542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The long duration of landfill stabilization is one of the challenges faced by municipalities. In this paper, a combination of micro-aeration and leachate recirculation is used to achieve rapid degradation of organic matter in landfill waste. The results showed that the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the hydrolysis phase increased significantly and could enter the methanogenic phase quickly. Until the end of the landfill, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by micro-aeration and leachate recirculation reached 80.17 %, 48.30 % and 48.56 %, respectively, and the organic matter degradation rate reached 50 %. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation enhanced the abundance of facultative hydrolytic bacteria such as Rummeliibacillus and Bacillus and the oxygen tolerance of Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation improved the organic matter degradation efficiency of landfill waste by promoting the growth of functional microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Muda Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
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Zhang G, Liu K, Lv L, Gao W, Li W, Ren Z, Yan W, Wang P, Liu X, Sun L. Enhanced landfill process based on leachate recirculation and micro-aeration: A comprehensive technical, environmental, and economic assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159535. [PMID: 36270376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The landfill is still the primary waste treatment method in developing countries. Due to the long stability time and long-term occupation of a large amount of land, the landfill poses a significant threat to the ecological environment and affects the process of urbanization. This study conducted a landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment to achieve rapid landfill stabilization through micro-aeration and leachate recirculation. More than 60 % of the degradable organic carbon in the enhanced process (LSR-IV contains 24 % of the retained carbon) can be relatively quickly converted to a gaseous state, which is nearly half higher than the degradation efficiency of the traditional process (LSR-I contains 59.3 % of the retained carbon). A comprehensive environmental assessment is developed for the enhanced process, and better environmental benefits are obtained from the whole landfill process. Compared with conventional treatment process, the enhanced process is applied to the actual landfill to analyze the economic cost. In terms of the total cost, the enhanced process cost (60.1 CNY) is about 44 % lower than the conventional landfill process cost (107.6 CNY). The enhanced process saves nearly half of the time cost and reduces the cost of land acquisition. This study can provide a reference for governmental and municipal administrations to carry out the technological transformation of traditional landfills from the aspects of technology, economy and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Wenyi Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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Xiao DK, Chen YM, Xu WJ, Zhan LT, Ke H, Li K. Biochemical-thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling model for aerobic degradation of landfilled municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:144-152. [PMID: 35364520 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ventilating solid waste landfills with an oxygen supply can effectively accelerate the degradation of waste, achieve rapid stabilization, and realize the sustainable utilization of landfills. Aiming to understand and verify the aerobic degradation process in landfills, this paper proposed a biochemical-thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling model. The model considers aerobic biochemical reactions, dissolved solute migration, heat transport, two-phase flow, and skeleton deformation. The model was verified by comparison with an in-situ experiment at Jinkou landfill. The results showed the model could accurately represent the observed degradation phenomena during the experiment. The modelling results indicated that the rate of temperature increase and peak temperature of the upper layer, which were lower than those of the middle layer, were affected by heat exchange at the landfill surface. The lowest temperatures occurred near the bottom because of high water content and low oxygen concentrations. The high temperature zone migrated out from the injection well during degradation, reflecting the degradation of degradable organic matter associated with oxygen diffusion rates and aerobic degradation reactions. The initial accumulated settlement value was fast, but slowed and finally stabilized. The surface subsidence also developed from the center around the injection well to the surrounding area, and 70% of the total subsidence occurred within 150 days. This newly developed model provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the multi-field coupling of aerobic degradation of landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW).
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y M Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - W J Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - L T Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Brandstaetter C, Fricko N, Rahimi MJ, Fellner J, Ecker-Lala W, Druzhinina IS. The microbial metabolic activity on carbohydrates and polymers impact the biodegradability of landfilled solid waste. Biodegradation 2021; 33:71-85. [PMID: 34812990 PMCID: PMC8803693 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological waste degradation is the main driving factor for landfill emissions. In a 2-year laboratory experiment simulating different landfill in-situ aeration scenarios, the microbial degradation of solid waste under different oxygen conditions (treatments) was investigated. Nine landfill simulation reactors were operated in triplicates under three distinct treatments. Three were kept anaerobic, three were aerated for 706 days after an initial anaerobic phase and three were aerated for 244 days in between two anaerobic phases. In total, 36 solid and 36 leachate samples were taken. Biolog® EcoPlates™ were used to assess the functional diversity of the microbial community. It was possible to directly relate the functional diversity to the biodegradability of MSW (municipal solid waste), measured as RI4 (respiration index after 4 days). The differences between the treatments in RI4 as well as in carbon and polymer degradation potential were small. Initially, a RI4 of about 6.5 to 8 mg O2 kg-1 DW was reduced to less than 1 mg O2 kg-1 DW within 114 days of treatment. After the termination of aeration, an increase 3 mg O2 kg-1 DW was observed. By calculating the integral of the Gompertz equation based on spline interpolation of the Biolog® EcoPlates™ results after 96 h two substrate groups mainly contributing to the biodegradability were identified: carbohydrates and polymers. The microbial activity of the respective microbial consortium could thus be related to the biodegradability with a multilinear regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandstaetter
- Research Unit Waste and Resource Management, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226.2, 1040, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Johannes-Gutenberg-Straße 3, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Nora Fricko
- Research Unit Waste and Resource Management, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226.2, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad J Rahimi
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Fellner
- Research Unit Waste and Resource Management, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226.2, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Ecker-Lala
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Johannes-Gutenberg-Straße 3, 2700, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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5
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Sughosh P, Sivakumar Babu GL. The Role of Bioreactor Landfill Concept in Waste Management in India. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Sohoo I, Ritzkowski M, Kuchta K. Influence of moisture content and leachate recirculation on oxygen consumption and waste stabilization in post aeration phase of landfill operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145584. [PMID: 33582327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable completion of municipal solid waste landfills requires post-closure care after a time when utilization of landfill gas produced from biodecomposition of organic waste be not possible/or economically feasible. Research proved that in-situ aeration is a promising approach employed for landfill aftercare. The application of post aeration operation is targeted to achieve accelerated waste stabilization to avoid long term environmental and public health impacts from landfills. In in-situ aeration operation, consumption of supplied oxygen has significant influence on biological stabilization of solid waste placed in the landfills. The consumption of oxygen is regulated by operation parameters of landfill - one of the important is presence of moisture in landfill ecosystem. This research aims to assess the influence of moisture content and leachate recirculation on the oxygen consumption during post aeration phase of landfill operation. The effect of oxygen consumption on the extent of waste stabilization achieved after experiment was also assessed. Three lab-scale landfill simulation reactors (LSRs) were used - in two of three reactors (LSR-1 and LSR-3) operation was carried out in two phases: Anaerobic and post-aeration. One reactor (LSR-2) was operated under anaerobic condition throughout the experiment and used as control. To compare the oxygen consumption, conventional landfill (CLF) conditions without excess water addition and leachate recirculation were simulated in LSR-1 and the bioreactor landfill conditions (BRLF) with excess water injection and leachate recirculation were simulated in LSR-3. In CLF 46.4% of supplied oxygen was consumed during post aeration phase while in BRLF only 0.96% of oxygen consumption was noticed. In result of higher oxygen consumption, biostabilization rate of waste in CLF was 7% higher than BRLF at the end of experiment. This study demonstrated that, in presence of low moisture in landfill ecosystem optimal air distribution can be realized which results in enhanced waste oxidization and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsanullah Sohoo
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Energy and Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Technology, New M.A Jinnah Road, 74800 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Marco Ritzkowski
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Ma J, Liu L, Xue Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Fei X. A systematic assessment of aeration rate effect on aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste based on leachate chemical oxygen demand removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128218. [PMID: 33297175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aeration is one mainstream technique to accelerate municipal solid waste (MSW) degradation in landfills. The determination of an appropriate aeration rate is critical to the design and operation of a landfill aeration system. In this study, we analyze 132 waste degradation tests reported in forty one studies in the literature. We use L min-1 kg-1 dry organic matter (L min-1 kg-1 DOM) as the uniform unit to quantify the aeration rates in all tests. The first order rate coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in leachate (kCOD) is selected as the parameter to characterize MSW degradation process. We further divide aerobic tests into five aerobic groups base on the respective aeration rates, i.e., <0.02, 0.02-0.1, 0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, and >1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM. With an increase in the aeration rate, the kCOD increases first and then decreases. The aeration rate between 0.1 and 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM has the best enhancement on the kCOD. The kCOD values are not much higher than the anaerobic and semi-aerobic tests when the aeration rates are <0.1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM, because such aeration rates may be lower than the actual oxygen consumption rates. An aeration rate >0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM reduces the kCOD likely due to excess water evaporation and ventilation cooling. Among the analyzed results, the aeration rate is the most related to the kCOD in principal component analysis than the other factors, including liquid recirculation and addition, waste total density, waste degradation level, and waste initial temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore.
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8
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Brandstätter C, Prantl R, Fellner J. Performance assessment of landfill in-situ aeration - A case study. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 101:231-240. [PMID: 31629167 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of landfill in-situ aeration eludes standardization as its application highly depends on varying local conditions. The prevailing work tries to assess the procedure performance by using typically available data. In the here presented case study the aeration pipes were applied horizontally. To evaluate the air-distribution and its effect on the landfill solid body, two monitoring fields with 10 × 10 m were created. From there in total 60 solid and 336 gaseous samples were taken over five years. As the material from the landfill was rather old and characterized by comparatively low reactivity, "new" material from a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) plant was introduced in the landfill. Additionally online gas data from eight technically separated landfill sections were analyzed during in-situ aeration. In total, about 46 Mm3 (0.27 m3/kg waste) air was introduced into the landfill body. The eight sections showed differences in reactivity (overall C-discharge was 8 g C kg-1 dry weight, ranging from 4.5 to 11). With solid sampling we could not show a significant decrease in landfill TOC but for the introduced MBT-material. Ammonium in solid samples was significantly reduced (to 14.7% initial) and NO3 significantly increased (2.1% initial). The reduction of the initial TOC (4.58%) was on average 11%. The application of horizontal landfill aeration led to a widespread air-distribution in a rather shallow landfill. Monitoring fields allowed for a screening of the impact of the measures on the solid body with reduced sampling costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandstätter
- Institute for Water Quality, and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roman Prantl
- blp GeoServices gmbh, Felberstraße 24/1, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality, and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Bolyard SC, Reinhart DR, Richardson D. Conventional and fourier transform infrared characterization of waste and leachate during municipal solid waste stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:34-42. [PMID: 30981968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste and leachate samples from bench-scale anaerobic bioreactors and flushing bioreactors (FBs), containing mature waste were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to provide a better understanding of the changes in waste characteristics when waste transitions from mature to stabilized. Humic acid (HA) extracted from mature waste and waste removed from the FBs were characterized using FTIR and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. FBs were operated under three different treatment scenarios (flushing with clean water, recirculation of leachate treated by chemical oxidation, and recirculation of leachate treated by chemical oxidation with waste aeration. FTIR spectra of FB waste and leachate supported the stabilization of waste that occurred after the additional treatment. There was a shift in the dominance of organic to inorganic functional groups when compared to changes in conventional parameters that aligned with published values on waste stability. HA extracted from the mature waste were dominated by aliphatic carbon and aromatic carbon was less intense. Treatment by flushing resulted in a decrease in aliphatic carbon and an increase in aromatic carbon. HA extracted from reactors with oxidized leachate recirculation and aeration decreased in aliphatic carbon content, with minimal change in aromatic carbon. Therefore, the additional treatment did not result in an increase in the reactivity potential of the HA which aligns with FTIR and principal component analysis. Results suggest that spectroscopic techniques could be used to assess the stability of waste samples as opposed to more time-consuming analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Bolyard
- Environmental Research & Education Foundation, 3301 Benson Drive, Suite 101, Raleigh, NC, 27609, USA.
| | - Debra R Reinhart
- University of Central Florida, Office of Research, 4365 Andromeda Loop N., MH 243, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
| | - David Richardson
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry, 4111 Libra Drive, Physical Sciences 236, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Mönkäre T, Palmroth MRT, Sormunen K, Rintala J. Scaling up the treatment of the fine fraction from landfill mining: Mass balance and cost structure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:464-471. [PMID: 31109547 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the fine fraction (FF) obtained from landfill mining is necessary in order to reduce the amount of organic matter and biological activity in FF, thus increasing its potential to be utilized after landfill mining. This paper suggests the scaled up anaerobic and aerobic treatment of FF, with or without continuous irrigation, and presents the mass balance and cost structure of such treatment based on two hypothetical landfills. The physical treatment structure for the treatment of FF should prevent emissions, and in this paper, it includes suitable bottom and top liners as well as the collection and treatment of the gaseous and leachate emissions formed during the treatment. Methane produced in anaerobic treatments could either be utilized for energy recovery or be flared. The cost of the anaerobic and aerobic treatment of FF, including investments and operation costs, are 20-65 €/t FF, depending on size of the landfill. The costs of anaerobic treatment and passive aeration are similar, and active aeration is slightly more expensive, but the cost of the continuous irrigation is the most significant, as it multiplies the leachate treatment costs. The overall cost of treatment could be lowered by reducing the treatment time and utilizing existing landfill structures. The results of this paper can be used in planning and estimating the cost of the biological treatment of FF when evaluating landfill mining projects, as the fate of FF may have a major impact on the economics of landfill mining projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Mönkäre
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Marja R T Palmroth
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Kai Sormunen
- Mustankorkea Ltd. Waste Management Company, Ronsuntaipaleentie 204, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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11
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Hrad M, Huber-Humer M. Performance and completion assessment of an in-situ aerated municipal solid waste landfill - Final scientific documentation of an Austrian case study. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 63:397-409. [PMID: 27567132 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By converting anaerobic landfills into a biologically stabilized state through accelerating aerobic organic matter degradation, the effort and duration necessary for post-closure procedures can be shortened. In Austria, the first full-scale application of in-situ landfill aeration by means of low pressure air injection with simultaneous off-gas collection and treatment was implemented on an old MSW-landfill and operated between 2007 and 2013. Besides complementary laboratory investigations, which included waste sampling from the landfill site prior to aeration start, a comprehensive field monitoring program was conducted to assess the influence of the aeration measure on the emission behavior of the landfilled waste during the aeration period as well as after aeration completion. Although the initial waste material was described as rather stable, the lab-scale aeration tests indicated a significant improvement of the leachate quality and even the biological solid waste stability. However, the aeration success was less pronounced for the application at the landfill site, mainly due to technical limitations in the full-scale operation. In this paper main performance data of the field investigation are compared to four other scientifically documented case studies along with stability indicators for solid waste and leachate characteristics in order to evaluate the success of aeration as well as the progress of a landfill towards completion and end of post-closure care. A number of quantitative benchmarks and relevant context information for the performance assessment of the five hitherto conducted international aeration projects are proposed aiming to support the systematization and harmonization of available results from diverse field studies and full-scale applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Hrad
- Institute of Waste Management, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marion Huber-Humer
- Institute of Waste Management, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Wu C, Shimaoka T, Nakayama H, Komiya T, Chai X. Stimulation of waste decomposition in an old landfill by air injection. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:66-74. [PMID: 27710908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three pilot-scale lysimeters were operated for 4.5years to quantify the change in the carbon and nitrogen pool in an old landfill under various air injection conditions. The results indicate that air injection at the bottom layer facilitated homogeneous distribution of oxygen in the waste matrix. Substantial total organic carbon (TOC) decomposition and methane generation reduction were achieved. Considerable amount of nitrogen was removed, suggesting that in situ nitrogen removal via the effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification mechanism is viable. Moreover, material mass change measurements revealed a slight mass reduction of aged MSW (by approximately 4.0%) after 4.5years of aeration. Additionally, experiments revealed that intensive aeration during the final stage of the experiment did not further stimulate the degradation of the aged MSW. Therefore, elimination of the labile fraction of aged MSW should be considered the objective of in situ aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakayama
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Ko JH, Ma Z, Jin X, Xu Q. Effects of aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste in simulated hybrid bioreactor landfills. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:1245-1256. [PMID: 27629922 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1209596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research has been conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement in simulated hybrid landfill bioreactors. Four laboratory-scale reactors were constructed and operated for about 10 months to simulate different bioreactor operations, including one anaerobic bioreactor and three hybrid bioreactors with different aeration frequencies (one, two, and four times per day). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) reduced more than 96% of the initial concentrations in all aerated bioreactors. The differences of COD and BOD5 reductions among tested aeration frequencies were relatively small. For ammonia nitrogen, the higher aeration frequency (two or four times per day) resulted in the quicker reduction. Overall, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) decreased over time except Cd and Pb. The reduction of redox-sensitive metal concentrations (Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) was greater in aerated bioreactors than in anaerobic bioreactor. Settlement of municipal solid waste (MSW) was enhanced with higher frequency of aeration events (four times per day). IMPLICATIONS In recent years, hybird bioreactor landfill technology has gained a lot of attention. Appropriate aeration rate is crucial for hybrid bioreactor operation, but few studies have been done and different results were obtained. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement. Results indicated that aeration can effectively accelerate waste stabilization and remove organic carbon concentration and total nitrogen in the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hac Ko
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Ma
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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14
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Nag M, Shimaoka T, Komiya T. Nitrous oxide production during nitrification from organic solid waste under temperature and oxygen conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2890-2897. [PMID: 27028330 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1168485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Landfill aeration can accelerate the biological degradation of organic waste and reduce methane production; however, it induces nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Nitrification is one of the pathways of N2O generation as a by-product during aerobic condition. This study was initiated to demonstrate the features of N2O production rate from organic solid waste during nitrification under three different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C) and three oxygen concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%) with high moisture content and high substrates' concentration. The experiment was carried out by batch experiment using Erlenmeyer flasks incubated in a shaking water bath for 72 h. A duplicate experiment was carried out in parallel, with addition of 100 Pa of acetylene as a nitrification inhibitor, to investigate nitrifiers' contribution to N2O production. The production rate of N2O ranged between 0.40 × 10(-3) and 1.14 × 10(-3) mg N/g-DM/h under the experimental conditions of this study. The rate of N2O production at 40°C was higher than at 20°C and 30°C. Nitrification was found to be the dominant pathway of N2O production. It was evaluated that optimization of O2 content is one of the crucial parameters in N2O production that may help to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and N turnover during aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Nag
- a Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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15
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Bolyard SC, Reinhart DR. Application of landfill treatment approaches for stabilization of municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:22-30. [PMID: 26838608 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research sought to compare the effectiveness of three landfill enhanced treatment approaches aimed at removing releasable carbon and nitrogen after anaerobic landfilling including flushing with clean water (FB 1), leachate recirculation with ex-situ treatment (FB 2), and leachate recirculation with ex-situ treatment and in-situ aeration (FB 3). After extensive treatment of the waste in the FB scenarios, the overall solids and biodegradable fraction were reduced relative to the mature anaerobically treated waste. In terms of the overall degradation, aeration did not provide any advantage over flushing and anaerobic treatment. Flushing was the most effective approach at removing biodegradable components (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose). Leachate quality improved for all FBs but through different mechanisms. A significant reduction in ammonia-nitrogen occurred in FB 1 and 3 due to flushing and aeration, respectively. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in FB 1 was primarily due to flushing. Conversely, the reduction in COD in FBs 2 and 3 was due to oxidation and precipitation during Fenton's Reagent treatment. A mass balance on carbon and nitrogen revealed that a significant fraction still remained in the waste despite the additional treatment provided. Carbon was primarily converted biologically to CH4 and CO2 in the FBs or removed during treatment using Fenton's Reagent. The nitrogen removal occurred through leaching or biological conversion. These results show that under extensive treatment the waste and leachate characteristics did meet published stability values. The minimum stability values achieved were through flushing although FB 2 and 3 were able to improve leachate quality and solid waste characteristics but not to the same extent as FB 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Bolyard
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, 12800 Pegasus Drive, ENG I Room 340, Orlando, FL 32816, United States.
| | - Debra R Reinhart
- University of Central Florida, Office of Research and Commercialization, 4365 Andromeda Loop N., MH 243, Orlando, FL 32816, United States
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16
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17
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Yin K, Tong H, Giannis A, Chang VWC, Wang JY. Insights for transformation of contaminants in leachate at a tropical landfill dominated by natural attenuation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 53:105-115. [PMID: 27165543 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to track the long-term trends of contaminants distribution in the old landfill of Singapore through monitored natural attenuation and to explore the main parameters that rule such transition. Contaminants distribution, including dissolved organic matter (DOM), inorganic species, heavy metals, and organic compounds, was investigated via monitoring wells in the years 1997, 2004 and 2011. The data revealed that the distribution of contaminants possessed selective attention of spots associated with leachate movement. The hydrogeology of the landfill governed the fate and transportation of contaminants. More specifically, strong statistical correlations were identified between DOM and certain constituents in the leachate, suggesting enhanced mobilization potential. However, the leachate composition exhibited limited correspondence to the nearby solid waste, indicating the minor effect induced by the partitioning coefficient. The presence of sulphate unveiled air intrusion, suggesting increased stability of the landfill, where enhanced biodegradation occurred at earlier period responsible for higher BOD removal. Afterwards other parameters continued to facilitate the compounds removal resulting in overall low concentrations of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yin
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Huanhuan Tong
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Victor Wei-Chung Chang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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18
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Nag M, Shimaoka T, Nakayama H, Komiya T, Xiaoli C. Field study of nitrous oxide production with in situ aeration in a closed landfill site. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:280-287. [PMID: 26651851 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) has gained considerable attention as a contributor to global warming and depilation of stratospheric ozone layer. Landfill is one of the high emitters of greenhouse gas such as methane and N(2)O during the biodegradation of solid waste. Landfill aeration has been attracted increasing attention worldwide for fast, controlled and sustainable conversion of landfills into a biological stabilized condition, however landfill aeration impel N(2)O emission with ammonia removal. N(2)O originates from the biodegradation, or the combustion of nitrogen-containing solid waste during the microbial process of nitrification and denitrification. During these two processes, formation of N(2)O as a by-product from nitrification, or as an intermediate product of denitrification. In this study, air was injected into a closed landfill site and investigated the major N(2)O production factors and correlations established between them. The in-situ aeration experiment was carried out by three sets of gas collection pipes along with temperature probes were installed at three different distances of one, two and three meter away from the aeration point; named points A-C, respectively. Each set of pipes consisted of three different pipes at three different depths of 0.0, 0.75 and 1.5 m from the bottom of the cover soil. Landfill gases composition was monitored weekly and gas samples were collected for analysis of nitrous oxide concentrations. It was evaluated that temperatures within the range of 30-40°C with high oxygen content led to higher generation of nitrous oxide with high aeration rate. Lower O(2) content can infuse N(2)O production during nitrification and high O(2) inhibit denitrification which would affect N(2)O production. The findings provide insights concerning the production potentials of N(2)O in an aerated landfill that may help to minimize with appropriate control of the operational parameters and biological reactions of N turnover. IMPLICATIONS Investigation of nitrous oxide production potential during in situ aeration in an old landfill site revealed that increased temperatures and oxygen content inside the landfill site are potential factors for nitrous oxide production. Temperatures within the range of optimum nitrification process (30-40°C) induce nitrous oxide formation with high oxygen concentration as a by-product of nitrogen turnover. Decrease of oxygen content during nitrification leads increase of nitrous oxide production, while temperatures above 40°C with moderate and/or low oxygen content inhibit nitrous oxide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Nag
- a Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakayama
- b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- b Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Chai Xiaoli
- c School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Slezak R, Krzystek L, Ledakowicz S. Degradation of municipal solid waste in simulated landfill bioreactors under aerobic conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:293-299. [PMID: 26119011 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study the municipal solid waste degradation processes in simulated landfill bioreactors under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is investigated. The effect of waste aeration on the dynamics of the aerobic degradation processes in lysimeters as well as during anaerobic processes after completion of aeration is presented. The results are compared with the anaerobic degradation process to determine the stabilization stage of waste in both experimental modes. The experiments in aerobic lysimeters were carried out at small aeration rate (4.41⋅10(-3)lmin(-1)kg(-1)) and for two recirculation rates (24.9 and 1.58lm(-3)d(-1)). The change of leachate and formed gases composition showed that the application of even a small aeration rate favored the degradation of organic matter. The amount of CO2 and CH4 released from anaerobic lysimeter was about 5 times lower than that from the aerobic lysimeters. Better stabilization of the waste was obtained in the aerobic lysimeter with small recirculation, from which the amount of CO2 produced was larger by about 19% in comparison with that from the aerobic lysimeter with large leachate recirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Slezak
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Liliana Krzystek
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Ledakowicz
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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20
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Tong H, Yin K, Giannis A, Ge L, Wang JY. Influence of temperature on carbon and nitrogen dynamics during in situ aeration of aged waste in simulated landfill bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:149-156. [PMID: 26026292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on carbon and nitrogen compounds during in situ aeration of aged waste was investigated in lab-scale simulated landfill bioreactors at 35, 45 and 55 °C, respectively. The bioreactor operated at 55 °C presented the highest carbon mineralization rate in the initial stage, suggesting accelerated biodegradation rates under thermophilic conditions. The nitrogen speciation study indicated that organic nitrogen was the dominant species of total N in aerobic bioreactors due to ammonia removal. Leachate organic nitrogen was further fractionated to elucidate the fate of individual constituent. Detailed investigation revealed the higher bioconversion rates of N-humic and N-fulvic compounds compared to hydrophilic compounds in thermophilic conditions. At the end, waste material in 55 °C bioreactor was richer in highly matured humic substances (HS) verifying the high bioconversion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Tong
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke Yin
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Wang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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21
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Brandstätter C, Laner D, Fellner J. Nitrogen pools and flows during lab-scale degradation of old landfilled waste under different oxygen and water regimes. Biodegradation 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-015-9742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Brandstätter C, Laner D, Fellner J. Carbon pools and flows during lab-scale degradation of old landfilled waste under different oxygen and water regimes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 40:100-111. [PMID: 25816770 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Landfill aeration has been proven to accelerate the degradation of organic matter in landfills in comparison to anaerobic decomposition. The present study aims to evaluate pools of organic matter decomposing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using landfill simulation reactors (LSR) filled with 40 year old waste from a former MSW landfill. The LSR were operated for 27 months, whereby the waste in one pair was kept under anaerobic conditions and the four other LSRs were aerated. Two of the aerated LSR were run with leachate recirculation and water addition and two without. The organic carbon in the solid waste was characterized at the beginning and at the end of the experiments and major carbon flows (e.g. TOC in leachate, gaseous CO2 and CH4) were monitored during operation. After the termination of the experiments, the waste from the anaerobic LSRs exhibited a long-term gas production potential of more than 20 NL kg(-1) dry waste, which corresponded to the mineralization of around 12% of the initial TOC (67 g kg(-1) dry waste). Compared to that, aeration led to threefold decrease in TOC (32-36% of the initial TOC were mineralized), without apparent differences in carbon discharge between the aerobic set ups with and without water addition. Based on the investigation of the carbon pools it could be demonstrated that a bit more than 10% of the initially present organic carbon was transformed into more recalcitrant forms, presumably due to the formation of humic substances. The source of anaerobic degradation could be identified mainly as cellulose which played a minor role during aerobic degradation in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandstätter
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Laner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Tong H, Yin K, Ge L, Giannis A, Chuan VWL, Wang JY. Monitoring transitory profiles of leachate humic substances in landfill aeration reactors in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:342-348. [PMID: 25682368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of humic substances (HS) in landfill leachate is of great interest because of their structural stability and potential toxicity. This study examined the effects of temperature and waste age on the transformation of HS during in situ aeration of bioreactor landfills. By establishing aerobic conditions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) rapidly accumulated in the bioreactor leachate. Fractional analysis showed that the elevated concentration of humic acids (HAs) was primarily responsible for the increment of leachate strength. Further structural characterization indicated that the molecular weight (MW) and aromacity of HS were enhanced by aeration in conjunction with thermophilic temperature. Interestingly, elevation of HAs concentration was not observed in the aeration reactor with a prolonged waste age, as the mobility of HAs was lowered by the high MW derived from extended waste age. Based on these results, aeration may be more favorable in aged landfills, since dissolution of HAs could be minimized by the evolution to larger MW compared to young landfills. Moreover, increased operation temperature during aeration likely offers benefits for the rapid maturation of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Tong
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke Yin
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Valerie W L Chuan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Wang
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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24
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Zheng W, Lü F, Bolyard SC, Shao L, Reinhart DR, He P. Evaluation of monitoring indicators for the post-closure care of a landfill for MSW characterized with low lignin content. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 36:222-229. [PMID: 25433407 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the applicability of the termination indicators for landfill municipal solid waste (MSW) with low initial lignin content, four different accelerated landfill stabilization techniques were applied to anaerobic landfilled waste, including anaerobic flushing with water, anaerobic flushing with Fenton-treated leachate, and aerobic flushing with Fenton-treated and UV/H2O2-treated leachate. Termination indicators, including total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia-N (NH4(+)-N), the ratio of UV absorbance at 254 nm to TOC concentration (SUVA254), fluorescence spectra of leachate, methane production, oxygen consumption, lignocellulose content, and humus-like content were evaluated. Results suggest that oxygen consumption related indicators used as a termination indicator for low-lignin-content MSW were more sensitive than methane consumption related indicators. Aeration increased humic acid (HA) and (HA+FA)/HyI content by 2.9 and 1.7 times compared to the anaerobically stabilized low-lignin-content MSW. On the other hand, both the fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions remained constant regardless of stabilization technique. The target value developed for low-lignin-content MSW was quite different than developed countries mainly due to low residual biodegradable organic carbon content in stabilized low-lignin-content MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Stephanie C Bolyard
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD), PR China
| | - Debra R Reinhart
- Office of Research and Commercialization, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD), PR China.
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Brandstätter C, Laner D, Prantl R, Fellner J. Using multivariate regression modeling for sampling and predicting chemical characteristics of mixed waste in old landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2537-2547. [PMID: 25218084 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed. This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables. The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills. Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brandstätter
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Laner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roman Prantl
- blp GeoServices gmbh, Felberstrasse 24/1, 1150 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Raga R, Cossu R. Landfill aeration in the framework of a reclamation project in Northern Italy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:683-691. [PMID: 24411985 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In situ aeration by means of the Airflow technology was proposed for landfill conditioning before landfill mining in the framework of a reclamation project in Northern Italy. A 1-year aeration project was carried out on part of the landfill with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of the Airflow technology for landfill aerobization, the evolution of waste biological stability during aeration and the effects on leachate and biogas quality and emissions. The main outcomes of the 1-year aeration project are presented in the paper. The beneficial effect of the aeration on waste biological stability was clear (63% reduction of the respiration index); however, the effectiveness of aeration on the lower part of the landfill is questionable, due to the limited potential for air migration into the leachate saturated layers. During the 1-year in situ aeration project approx. 275 MgC were discharged from the landfill body with the extracted gas, corresponding to 4.6 gC/kgDM. However, due to the presence of anaerobic niches in the aerated landfill, approx. 46% of this amount was extracted as CH4, which is higher than reported in other aeration projects. The O2 conversion quota was lower than reported in other similar projects, mainly due to the higher air flow rates applied. The results obtained enabled valuable recommendations to be made for the subsequent application of the Airflow technology to the whole landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Raga
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Raffaello Cossu
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 9-35131 Padova, Italy
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27
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Tran HN, Münnich K, Fricke K, Harborth P. Removal of nitrogen from MBT residues by leachate recirculation in combination with intermittent aeration. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:56-63. [PMID: 24293068 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x13512892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) techniques have been used to reduce the emission potential of waste before placement in landfills for a couple of years, especially in Europe. The main focus of MBT is on the reduction of native organic substances and not on nitrogen compounds. As a result, the concentrations of organic substances in leachate from MBT landfills are considerably reduced in comparison to leachates from municipal solid waste landfills, while the ammonia nitrogen concentrations remain at a high level. From the stabilization of old landfills it is well known that recirculation of leachate and supplementary aeration can reduce emissions to an acceptable level in a comparatively short time. In a series of laboratory-scale tests the efficiency of this technique for MBT residues was investigated under different boundary conditions. While the effect of leachate recirculation is also well known for MBT residues, the additional aeration has so far not been investigated. The results show that this technique has only a limited influence on the reduction of organic carbon compounds. In view of nitrogen compounds, only the additional aeration during recirculation shows a strong effect on the quality of leachate, in which the concentrations of ammonium and total nitrogen are reduced by more than 90%. The results indicate that by using simple techniques the long-term emission behavior of MBT residues can be quickly reduced to an acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Nam Tran
- Technical University of Braunschweig, Leichtweiss Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Wimmer B, Hrad M, Huber-Humer M, Watzinger A, Wyhlidal S, Reichenauer TG. Stable isotope signatures for characterising the biological stability of landfilled municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2083-2090. [PMID: 23540355 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopic signatures of landfill leachates are influenced by processes within municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills mainly depending on the aerobic/anaerobic phase of the landfill. We investigated the isotopic signatures of δ(13)C, δ(2)H and δ(18)O of different leachates from lab-scale experiments, lysimeter experiments and a landfill under in situ aeration. In the laboratory, columns filled with MSW of different age and reactivity were percolated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In landfill simulation reactors, waste of a 25year old landfill was kept under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The lysimeter facility was filled with mechanically shredded fresh waste. After starting of the methane production the waste in the lysimeter containments was aerated in situ. Leachate and gas composition were monitored continuously. In addition the seepage water of an old landfill was collected and analysed periodically before and during an in situ aeration. We found significant differences in the δ(13)C-value of the dissolved inorganic carbon (δ(13)C-DIC) of the leachate between aerobic and anaerobic waste material. During aerobic degradation, the signature of δ(13)C-DIC was mainly dependent on the isotopic composition of the organic matter in the waste, resulting in a δ(13)C-DIC of -20‰ to -25‰. The production of methane under anaerobic conditions caused an increase in δ(13)C-DIC up to values of +10‰ and higher depending on the actual reactivity of the MSW. During aeration of a landfill the aerobic degradation of the remaining organic matter caused a decrease to a δ(13)C-DIC of about -20‰. Therefore carbon isotope analysis in leachates and groundwater can be used for tracing the oxidation-reduction status of MSW landfills. Our results indicate that monitoring of stable isotopic signatures of landfill leachates over a longer time period (e.g. during in situ aeration) is a powerful and cost-effective tool for characterising the biodegradability and stability of the organic matter in landfilled municipal solid waste and can be used for monitoring the progress of in situ aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wimmer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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29
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Hrad M, Gamperling O, Huber-Humer M. Comparison between lab- and full-scale applications of in situ aeration of an old landfill and assessment of long-term emission development after completion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:2061-2073. [PMID: 23428564 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable landfilling has become a fundamental objective in many modern waste management concepts. In this context, the in situ aeration of landfills has been recognised for its potential to convert conventional anaerobic landfills into biological stabilised state, whereby both current and potential (long-term) emissions of the landfilled waste are mitigated. In recent years, different in situ aeration concepts have been successfully applied in Europe, North America and Asia, all pursuing different objectives and strategies. In Austria, the first full-scale application of in situ landfill aeration by means of low pressure air injection and simultaneous off-gas collection and treatment was implemented on an old, small municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill (2.6ha) in autumn 2007. Complementary laboratory investigations were conducted with waste samples taken from the landfill site in order to provide more information on the transferability of the results from lab- to full-scale aeration measures. In addition, long-term emission development of the stabilised waste after aeration completion was assessed in an ongoing laboratory experiment. Although the initial waste material was described as mostly stable in terms of the biological parameters gas generation potential over 21days (GP21) and respiration activity over 4days (RA4), the lab-scale experiments indicated that aeration, which led to a significant improvement of leachate quality, was accompanied by further measurable changes in the solid waste material under optimised conditions. Even 75weeks after aeration completion the leachate, as well as gaseous emissions from the stabilised waste material, remained low and stayed below the authorised Austrian discharge limits. However, the application of in situ aeration at the investigated landfill is a factor 10 behind the lab-based predictions after 3years of operation, mainly due to technical limitations in the full-scale operation (e.g. high air flow resistivity due to high water content of waste and temporarily high water levels within the landfill; limited efficiency of the aeration wells). In addition, material preparation (e.g. sieving, sorting and homogenisation) prior to the emplacement in Landfill Simulation Reactors (LSRs) must be considered when transferring results from lab- to full-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Hrad
- Institute of Waste Management, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Raga R, Cossu R. Bioreactor tests preliminary to landfill in situ aeration: a case study. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:871-880. [PMID: 23274082 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lab scale tests in bioreactor were carried out in the framework of the characterization studies of a landfill where in situ aeration (possibly followed by landfill mining) had been proposed as part of the novel waste management strategy in a region in northern Italy. The tests were run to monitor the effects produced by aerobic conditions at different temperatures on waste sampled at different depths in the landfill, with focus on the carbon and nitrogen conversion during aeration. Temperatures ranging from 35 to 45°C were chosen, in order to evaluate possible inhibition of biodegradation processes (namely nitrification) at 45°C in the landfill. The results obtained showed positive effects of the aeration on leachate quality and a significant reduction of waste biodegradability. Although a delay of biodegradation processes was observed in the reactor run at 45°C, biodegradation rates increased after 2 months of aeration, providing very low values of the relevant parameters (as in the other aerated reactors) by the end of the study. Mass balances were carried out for TOC and NNH4(+); the findings obtained were encouraging and provided evidence of the effectiveness of carbon and nitrogen conversion processes in the aerated landfill simulation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Raga
- ICEA Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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31
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Asakura H, Nakagawa K, Endo K, Yamada M, Ono Y, Ono Y. Influence of oxygen flow rate and compost addition on reduction of organic matter in aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration residue. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:53-58. [PMID: 23586299 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 10(2) mol-O2/(day x m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 10(1) mol-O2/(day x m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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32
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Han ZY, Liu D, Li QB, Li GZ, Yin ZY, Chen X, Chen JN. A novel technique of semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter for leachate treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:1827-1832. [PMID: 21514812 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB) for leachate treatment and examined its advantages and disadvantages compared to previous aged refuse biofilters (ARBs). To assess its treatment capability, decontamination mechanisms and optimal performance parameters, a single-period experiment and L(9)(3(4)) orthogonal array design experiments were conducted on artificial leachate. The SAARB markedly enhanced the treatment capability and removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen pollutants due to the alternating aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic zones in situ. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) and total nitrogen (TN) exceeded 98%, 94%, and 80%, respectively. After the leachate was distributed onto the SAARB surface, the effluent velocity decreased as a logarithmic function, and there was a concomitant reduction in leachate effluent volume. Based on the capacity for removal of COD, NH(4)(+)-N, and TN, the effective height of aged refuse in a SAARB was enough to be 900mm. An excellent treatment efficiency could be achieved at 20-35°C, with a leachate distribution time of 1h once every period of 2-3 days, hydraulic loading of 11-30L/(m(3)day), and COD loading of 550-1200g/(m(3)day). This new SAARB system demonstrates superior efficacy for biofilter compared to other ARB systems, especially for nitrogen removal from leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Han
- The Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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33
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He P, Yang N, Gu H, Zhang H, Shao L. N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1011-1019. [PMID: 22066225 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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34
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Hao YJ, Ji M, Chen YX, Wu WX, Hao YJ, Zhang SG, Liu HQ. The pathway of in-situ ammonium removal from aerated municipal solid waste bioreactor: nitrification/denitrification or air stripping? WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2010; 28:1057-1064. [PMID: 20022902 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x09355182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In-situ ammonium removal from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is an attractive method due to its economic advantages. In this study, two simulated MSW bioreactors with different degrees of initial bio-stabilization were utilized to investigate the effects of intermittent aeration mode and the addition of activated sludge on the removal of ammonium. The results showed that up to 90% of ammonium could be removed and the amount of NO(x)-N produced was less than 1% of NH4 (+)-N removed in both reactors. The pH values increased rapidly and finally arrived at a high level of 8.5-8.8. The efficiency of ammonium removal was improved by increasing the continuous aeration time, but it was not affected by the addition of activated sludge. A portion of liquid escaped from the reactors in the form of vapour, and as high as 195-258 mg L(-1) of NH(4) ( +)-N was detected in the vapour collector. According to calculation, nitrification was inhibited by the high level of free ammonia in the bioreactors. As a result, air stripping was enhanced and became the primary pathway of ammonium removal. Therefore, controlling free ammonia concentration was essential in ammonium removal from the aerated MSW bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Hao
- School of Environment Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
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35
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Mellendorf M, Huber-Humer M, Gamperling O, Huber P, Gerzabek MH, Watzinger A. Characterisation of microbial communities in relation to physical-chemical parameters during in situ aeration of waste material. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:2177-2184. [PMID: 20483579 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates changes in waste microbial community composition and biomass during in situ aeration in laboratory-scale columns over 32 weeks. Microbial profiles were assessed in solid and leachate samples in relation to physical-chemical parameters using phospholipid ester linked fatty acid (PLFA) and phospholipid ether lipid (PLEL) analysis and parameters such as pH, EC, TC, TOC, TN, NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+), COD and the biochemical parameter BOD(5). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the individual PLFAs and PLELs indicated a change in community composition and biomass over the operation period, which could be differentiated in the three phases (i) anaerobic, (ii) aeration start and (iii) extended aeration. PCA revealed that aeration and pH values were the most influential parameters on microbial dynamics. There was a marked decrease of ubiquitous microorganisms, some Gram negative bacterial groups and methanogenic archaea, but a consecutive increase of Gram positive microbial groups along with a rapid reduction of organics after aeration start. Those in situ aeration effects on microbial community composition and C conversion were stable throughout the laboratory set-up of 32 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Mellendorf
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Asakura H, Endo K, Yamada M, Inoue Y, Ono Y, Ono Y. Influence of oxygen flow rate on reaction rate of organic matter in leachate from aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:2185-2193. [PMID: 20591643 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is known that aeration reduces rapidly the concentration of organic matter in leachate. However, the oxygen flow rate required to attain a certain reaction rate of organic matter should be carefully estimated. In this study, using the oxygen ratio (the ratio of oxygen flow rate by aeration to oxygen consumption rate of waste layer) as a parameter, the reaction rate of organic matter in leachate from landfilled incineration ash and incombustible waste upon aeration was evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) in the leachate was reduced rapidly when the oxygen ratio was high. The decomposition rate exceeded the elution rate of TOC in the leachate from the waste layer for several days when the oxygen ratio was above 10(2). The results indicate that the oxygen ratio can be used as a parameter for the aeration operation in actual landfill sites, to rapidly stabilize organic matter in leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Fukken Co., Ltd., 2-10-11 Hikarimachi, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima 732-0052, Japan.
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37
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Nikolaou A, Giannis A, Gidarakos E. Comparative studies of aerobic and anaerobic treatment of MSW organic fraction in landfill bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1381-1389. [PMID: 21121461 DOI: 10.1080/09593331003743104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four simulated landfill bioreactors operating under different experimental conditions were evaluated in this study. The reactors were filled with the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and operated as: anaerobic, anaerobic with pH adjustment, semi-aerobic and intermittent aeration bioreactors. The parameters studied in the leachate included pH, redox potential, BOD5, COD, DOC, SO4(2-), NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N, NO2(-)-N, Cl- and electrical conductivity. Also, the MSW mass settlement was measured at certain intervals. Leachate recirculation took place in all bioreactors. The results indicated that the intermittent aerobic reactor had higher organic and ammonia removal efficiencies than the anaerobic versions. Furthermore, the necessary stabilization time was reduced under aerobic conditions and the leachate toxicity decreased more rapidly. The pH adjustment in the anaerobic bioreactor had positive results in the decomposition of the organic matter enhancing the development of microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
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38
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Fellner J, Döberl G, Allgaier G, Brunner PH. Comparing field investigations with laboratory models to predict landfill leachate emissions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:1844-1851. [PMID: 19171473 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into laboratory reactors and landfills are used for simulating and predicting emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. We examined water flow and solute transport through the same waste body for different volumetric scales (laboratory experiment: 0.08 m(3), landfill: 80,000 m(3)), and assessed the differences in water flow and leachate emissions of chloride, total organic carbon and Kjeldahl nitrogen. The results indicate that, due to preferential pathways, the flow of water in field-scale landfills is less uniform than in laboratory reactors. Based on tracer experiments, it can be discerned that in laboratory-scale experiments around 40% of pore water participates in advective solute transport, whereas this fraction amounts to less than 0.2% in the investigated full-scale landfill. Consequences of the difference in water flow and moisture distribution are: (1) leachate emissions from full-scale landfills decrease faster than predicted by laboratory experiments, and (2) the stock of materials remaining in the landfill body, and thus the long-term emission potential, is likely to be underestimated by laboratory landfill simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Fellner
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management, Karlsplatz 13/226, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
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39
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Huber-Humer M, Gebert J, Hilger H. Biotic systems to mitigate landfill methane emissions. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2008; 26:33-46. [PMID: 18338700 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x07087977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gases produced during biological degradation of buried organic wastes include methane, which when released to the atmosphere, can contribute to global climate change. Increasing use of gas collection systems has reduced the risk of escaping methane emissions entering the atmosphere, but gas capture is not 100% efficient, and further, there are still many instances when gas collection systems are not used. Biotic methane mitigation systems exploit the propensity of some naturally occurring bacteria to oxidize methane. By providing optimum conditions for microbial habitation and efficiently routing landfill gases to where they are cultivated, a number of bio-based systems, such as interim or long-term biocovers, passively or actively vented biofilters, biowindows and daily-used biotarps, have been developed that can alone, or with gas collection, mitigate landfill methane emissions. This paper reviews the science that guides bio-based designs; summarizes experiences with the diverse natural or engineered substrates used in such systems; describes some of the studies and field trials being used to evaluate them; and discusses how they can be used for better landfill operation, capping, and aftercare.
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Rich C, Gronow J, Voulvoulis N. The potential for aeration of MSW landfills to accelerate completion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 28:1039-48. [PMID: 17531464 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is a popular waste disposal method, but, as it is practised currently, it is fundamentally unsustainable. The low short-term financial costs belie the potential long-term environmental costs, and traditional landfill sites require long-term management in order to mitigate any possible environmental damage. Old landfill sites might require aftercare for decades or even centuries, and in some cases remediation may be necessary. Biological stabilisation of a landfill is the key issue; completion criteria provide a yardstick by which the success of any new technology may be measured. In order for a site to achieve completion it must pose no risk to human health or the environment, meaning that attenuation of any emissions from the site must occur within the local environment without causing harm. Remediation of old landfill sites by aerating the waste has been undertaken in Germany, the United States, Italy and The Netherlands, with considerable success. At a pilot scale, aeration has also been used in newly emplaced waste to accelerate stabilisation. This paper reviews the use of aerobic landfill worldwide, and assesses the ways in which the use of aerobic landfill techniques can decrease the risks associated with current landfill practices, making landfill a more sustainable waste disposal option. It focuses on assessing ways to utilise aeration to enhance stabilisation. The results demonstrated that aeration of old landfill sites may be an efficient and cost-effective method of remediation and allow the date of completion to be brought forward by decades. Similarly, aeration of newly emplaced waste can be effective in enhancing degradation, assisting with completion and reducing environmental risks. However, further research is required to establish what procedure for adding air to a landfill would be most suitable for the UK and to investigate new risks that may arise, such as the possible emission of non-methane organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rich
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
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