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Geng C, Chen Q, Li Z, Liu M, Chen Z, Tao H, Yang Q, Zhu B, Feng L. Degradation of enrofloxacin by a novel Fe-N-C@ZnO material in freshwater and seawater: Performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116960. [PMID: 37619630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the doping of Fe-N-C with ZnO (Fe-N-C@ZnO) to enhance its performance in the reduction of biological toxicity and degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) in seawater. The steady-state/transient fluorescence analysis and free radical quenching test indicated an extremely low electron-hole recombination rate and the generation of reactive oxygen species in Fe-N-C@ZnO, leading to an improvement in the energy efficiency. We compared the ENR degradation efficiencies of Fe-N-C@ZnO and ZnO using both freshwater and seawater. In freshwater, Fe-N-C@ZnO exhibited a slightly higher degradation efficiency (95.00%) than ZnO (90.30%). However, the performance of Fe-N-C@ZnO was significantly improved in seawater compared to that of ZnO. The ENR degradation efficiency of Fe-N-C@ZnO (58.87%) in seawater was 68.39% higher than that of ZnO (34.96%). Furthermore, the reaction rate constant for ENR degradation by Fe-N-C@ZnO in seawater (7.31 × 10-3 min-1) was more than twice that of ZnO (3.58 × 10-3 min-1). Response surface analysis showed that the optimal reaction conditions were a pH of 7.42, a photocatalyst amount of 1.26 g L-1, and an initial ENR concentration of 6.56 mg L-1. Fe-N-C@ZnO prepared at a hydrothermal temperature of 128 °C and heating temperature of 300 °C exhibited the optimal performance for the photocatalytic degradation of ENR. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the degradation processes of ENR were proposed as three pathways: two piperazine routes and one quinolone route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Geng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China; School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Qingguo Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Computer Sciences, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G1M8, Canada
| | - Hengcong Tao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Baikang Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
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Wu Z, Zhang X, Fan H, Han X, Wen Y, Li G, Li H. Allyl halide induced electrochemical degradation of lignin into double-bonded phenolic monomers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124947. [PMID: 37211078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the major macromolecule in nature that contains an aromatic ring structure, and also a potential source of high-value products such as biofuels and chemicals. However, Lignin is a kind of complex heterogeneous polymer which can produce many degradation products during processing or treatment. These degradation products are difficult to separate, making it challenging to use lignin directly for high-value applications. This study proposes an electrocatalytic method to degrade lignin by using allyl halides to induce double-bonded phenolic monomers, while avoiding separation. In an alkaline solution, the three basic structural units (G, S, and H) of lignin were transformed into phenolic monomers by introducing allyl halide, which could effectively expand lignin application space. This reaction was achieved using a Pb/PbO2 electrode as the anode and copper as the cathode. It was further confirmed that double-bonded phenolic monomers were obtained by degradation. 3-allylbromide has more active allyl radicals and significantly higher product yields than 3-allylchloride. The yields of 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 2-allylphenol could reach 17.21 g/kg-lignin, 7.75 g/kg-lignin, and 0.67 g/kg-lignin respectively. These mixed double-bond monomers can be used as monomer materials for in-situ polymerization without further separation, which lays the foundation for high value-added applications of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Wu
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hongxian Fan
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yeqian Wen
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Gang Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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Jiang P, Zhou T, Bai J, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou C, Zhou B. Nitrogen-containing wastewater fuel cells for total nitrogen removal and energy recovery based on Cl•/ClO• oxidation of ammonia nitrogen. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119914. [PMID: 37028212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The excess nitrogen discharge into water bodies has resulted in extensive water pollution and human health risks, which has become a critical global issue. Moreover, nitrogenous wastewater contains considerable chemical energy contributed by organic pollutants and nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, the treatment of various kinds of nitrogen-containing wastewater for nitrogen removal and energy recovery is of significance. Biological methode and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the main methods for nitrogen removal. However, biological treatment is easily inhibited by high-salinity, high ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/NH4+-N), nitrite and toxic organics in wastewater, which limits its application. AOPs mainly induce in situ generation of highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radical (HO•), sulfate radical (SO4•-) and chlorine radicals (Cl•, ClO•, Cl2•-), for nitrogen removal. Nevertheless, HO• shows low reactivity and N2 selectivity towards NH3-N/NH4+-N oxidation, and SO4•- also demonstrates unsatisfactory NH3-N/NH4+-N removal. It has been shown that Cl•/ClO• can efficiently remove NH3-N/NH4+-N with high N2 selectivity. The generation of Cl•/ClO• can be triggered by various techniques, among which the PEC technique shows great potential due to its higher efficiency for Cl•/ClO• generation and eco-friendly approach for pollutants degradation and energy recovery by utilizing solar energy. Cl•/ClO• oxidation of NH3-N/NH4+-N and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) reduction can be strengthened through the design of photoanode and cathode materials, respectively. Coupling with this two pathways, an exhaustive total nitrogen (TN) removal system is designed for complete TN removal. When introducing the mechanism into photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs), the concept of nitrogen-containing wastewater fuel cells (NFCs) is proposed to treat several typical types of nitrogen-containing wastewater, achieving high-efficiency TN removal, organics degradation, toxic chlorate control, and energy recovery simultaneously. Recent research progress in this field is reviewed, summarized and discussed, and in-depth perspectives are proposed, providing new ideas for the resource treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Tingsheng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Efficient Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen by an Electrochemical Process for Spent Caustic Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent caustic wastewater produced in a soda plant has a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). As excessive NH4+-N discharging into water bodies would cause eutrophication as well as destruction to the ecology balance, developing an efficient technology for NH4+-N removal from the spent caustic wastewater is imperative in the current society. In this study, an electrochemical process with graphene electrodes was designed for the NH4+-N removal in the spent caustic wastewater. The removal efficiency of the NH4+-N during the electrochemical process could reach 98.7% at 4 A in a short treatment time (within 120 s) with an acceptable energy consumption (6.1 kWh/m3-order). NO3− and NO2− were not detected during the electrochemical process. An insignificant amount of NH2Cl, NHCl2, and NCl3 produced in the treatment suggested that little of the NH4+-N reacted with chlorine, that is, chlorination played a negligible role in the NH4+-N removal. By electron equilibrium and nitrogen conversion analysis, we think that NH4+-N was primarily converted to NH2(ads) on the surface of a graphene electrode by one-electron transfer during the direct oxidation of the electrochemical process. Due to the high calcium ion (Ca2+) in the spent caustic wastewater, the electrode scale significantly increased to 1.4 g after treatment of 240 s at 4 A. By X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the composition of the electrode scale is portlandite Ca(OH)2. Although the electrode scale was obvious during the electrochemical treatment, it could be alleviated by alternating the electrode polarity. As a result, the life and efficiency of the graphene electrode for NH4+-N removal could remain stable for a long time. These results suggest that the electrochemical process with a graphene electrode may provide a competitive technology for NH4+-N removal in spent caustic wastewater treatment.
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Ma J, Wei W, Qin G, Jiang L, Hing Wong N, Sunarso J, Liu S. Integrated electrocatalytic packed-bed membrane reactor for nitrate removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hong M, Wang Q, Sun J, Wu C. A highly active copper-nanoparticle-based nitrate reduction electrocatalyst prepared by in situ electrodeposition and annealing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154349. [PMID: 35257778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, copper-based electrodes have attracted intense attention for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3-), the so-called ECRN. However, these electrodes suffer from low activity and selectivity. Herein, we report a novel Cu-based electrode (IE-Cu-400) for the ECRN fabricated by loading Cu-based nanoparticles onto graphite felt using in situ electrodeposition followed by annealing. Compared with traditional Cu-based electrodes, the IE-Cu-400 is comprised of smaller particles and the copper is present in a high oxidation state (Cu2+ in CuO). During operation, the CuO is converted to Cu, which is the active ECRN species. In addition, an increased surface area and high density of grain boundaries resulting from the reduction of CuO were observed for IE-Cu-400. This resulted in a 3.38-fold increase in the NO3- removal rate and a 1.36-fold increase in NH4+ selectivity. Further analyses revealed that the enhanced ECRN performance of IE-Cu-400 is linked to its increased number of active sites, as well as its improved adsorption and reduction ability for NO2-. Moreover, IE-Cu-400 displays high stability for the ECRN. Finally, the produced NH4+ was effectively oxidised to N2 with approximately 100% selectivity via chlorination. Hence, the two-stage treatment strategy (i.e. ECRN by IE-Cu-400 + chlorination treatment) presented here shows great potential for the complete electrocatalytic denitrification of water. Further, this work highlights the beneficial effect of decreasing the particle size and controlling the surface oxidation of Cu-based catalysts simultaneously for enhancing the ECRN and offers new suggestions for the design of high-performance electrode materials for the ECRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qinian Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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7
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Xu H, Ma Y, Chen J, Zhang WX, Yang J. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate - a step towards a sustainable nitrogen cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2710-2758. [PMID: 35274646 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate enrichment, which is mainly caused by the over-utilization of fertilisers and industrial sewage discharge, is a major global engineering challenge because of its negative influence on the environment and human health. To solve this serious problem, many technologies, such as the activated sludge method, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, adsorption, and electrodialysis, have been developed to reduce the nitrate levels in water bodies. However, the applications of these traditional techniques are limited by several drawbacks, such as a long sludge retention time, slow kinetics, and undesirable by-products. From an environmental perspective, the most promising nitrate reduction technology is enabled to convert nitrate into benign N2, and features low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Recently, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction has been proven by satisfactory research achievements to be one of the most promising methods among these technologies. This review provides a comprehensive account of nitrate reduction using electrocatalysis methods. The fundamentals of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, including the reaction mechanisms, reactor design principles, product detection methods, and performance evaluation methods, have been systematically summarised. A detailed introduction to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on transition metals, especially noble metals and alloys, Cu-based electrocatalysts, and Fe-based electrocatalysts is provided, as they are essential for the accurate reporting of experimental results. The current challenges and potential opportunities in this field, including the innovation of material design systems, value-added product yields, and challenges for products beyond N2 and large-scale sewage treatment, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Removal of Ammonia Using Persulfate during the Nitrate Electro-Reduction Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063270. [PMID: 35328958 PMCID: PMC8950833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NH4+ is often produced during the electro-reduction of NO3−, which results in inadequate total nitrogen (TN) removal during advanced sewage treatment. In this study, the electro-reduction byproduct NH4+ was oxidized and removed using sulfate radical (SO4•−)-based advanced oxidation. Persulfate (PS) was activated by electrocatalysis, using Co/AC0.9-AB0.1 particle electrodes to produce SO4•−. Results showed that when the influent concentration of NO3−-N was 20 mg/L, a PS dosage of 5.0 mM could completely oxidize NH4+ at 0.1 A (nondetectable in effluent) reducing the TN concentration from 9.22 to 0.55 mg/L. The presence of coexisting PO43−, CO32− and humic acid suppressed the oxidation and removal of NH4+. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra and quenching experiments revealed SO4•− as the dominant radical in the process of indirect NH4+ oxidation, while •OH radicals only had an assisting role, and the surface accumulated free radicals were responsible for the indirect oxidation of NH4+. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves indicated that NO3− was primarily reduced via atomic H*-mediated indirect reduction. Therefore, the activation of PS using Co/AC0.9-AB0.1 particle electrodes might be a promising alternative method for oxidizing byproduct NH4+ in the electro-reduction of NO3− and reduce TN concentration in advanced sewage treatment.
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Atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on S and N-codoped carbon for efficient electrochemical denitrification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105628118. [PMID: 34385320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105628118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate, a widespread contaminant in natural water, is a threat to ecological safety and human health. Although direct nitrate removal by electrochemical methods is efficient, the development of low-cost electrocatalysts with high reactivity remains challenging. Herein, bifunctional single-atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared with Cu or Fe active centers on an N-doped or S, N-codoped carbon basal plane for N2 or NH4 + production. The maximum nitrate removal capacity was 7,822 mg N ⋅ g-1 Fe, which was the highest among previous studies. A high ammonia Faradic efficiency (78.4%) was achieved at a low potential (-0.57 versus reversible hydrogen electrode), and the nitrogen selectivity was 100% on S-modified Fe SACs. Theoretical and experimental investigations of the S-doping charge-transfer effect revealed that strong metal-support interactions were beneficial for anchoring single atoms and enhancing cyclability. S-doping altered the coordination environment of single-atom centers and created numerous defects with higher conductivity, which played a key role in improving the catalyst activity. Moreover, interactions between defects and single-atom sites improved the catalytic performance. Thus, these findings offer an avenue for high active SAC design.
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Wang Q, Wang W, Zhu C, Wu C, Yu H. A novel strategy to achieve simultaneous efficient formate production and p-nitrophenol removal in a co-electrolysis system of CO2 and p-nitrophenol. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mehboob A, Gilani SR, Anwar A, Sadiqa A, Akbar S, Patujo J. Nanoscale cobalt-oxide electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolyte. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Electrochemical removal of nitrate from wastewater with a Ti cathode and Pt anode for high efficiency and N2 selectivity. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Richards D, Young SD, Goldsmith BR, Singh N. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on rhodium sulfide compared to Pt and Rh in the presence of chloride. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chloride poisoning is a serious problem for the electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate (NO3−) and improved electrocatalysts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Richards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Samuel D. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Bryan R. Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
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Medeiros MC, dos Santos EV, Martínez-Huitle CA, Fajardo AS, Castro SS. Obtaining high-added value products from the technical cashew-nut shell liquid using electrochemical oxidation with BDD anodes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Hai H, Xing X, Li S, Xia S, Xia J. Electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in BDD anode system: Degradation kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139909. [PMID: 32531605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with Boron-doped Diamond (BDD) anode and Stainless Steel (SS) cathode was investigated systematically. The effects of current density, initial pH, supporting electrolyte and natural organic matter (NOM) on SMX degradation were explored. Under the conditions of current density 30 mA cm-2, 0.1 M Na2SO4 used as supporting electrolyte, pH of 7 and without NOM affect, SMX was completely removed after 3 h electrolysis. COD removal efficiency, current efficiency and energy consumption were 65.6%, 40.1%, 72 kWh kg COD-1, respectively. Degradation mechanism was analyzed based on the active sites of SMX identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and intermediates analysis by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Three possible degradation pathways were proposed, with the replacement of -NH2 at aromatic ring by -OH, the oxidation of -NH2 to -NO2 and the addition of -OH on isoxazole ring observed. The active sites detected in reaction matched the DFT calculation results exactly. The toxicity of intermediates produced during electrolysis process was evaluated by Escherichia coli experiment. Results showed that, after 2 h electrolysis, the inhibition ratio was decreased from the initial value of 22.8% to 10%, which has already achieved the safety boundary. After 4 h electrolysis, the toxicity was almost zero even with still 60% COD remained in the solution. This phenomenon demonstrated that the toxicity of SMX and its intermediate products was reduced significantly during electrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hai
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Xing
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Si Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Xia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianxin Xia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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16
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New progress of ammonia recovery during ammonia nitrogen removal from various wastewaters. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:144. [PMID: 32856187 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of ammonia-nitrogen during wastewater treatment and water purification is increasingly critical in energy and economic development. The concentration of ammonia-nitrogen in wastewater is different depending on the type of wastewater, making it challenging to select ammonia-nitrogen recovery technology. Meanwhile, the conventional nitrogen removal method wastes ammonia-nitrogen resources. Based on the circular economy, this review comprehensively introduces the characteristics of several main ammonia-nitrogen source wastewater plants and their respective challenges in treatment, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock and poultry wastewater and landfill leachate. Furthermore, we introduce the main methods currently adopted in the ammonia-nitrogen removal process of wastewater from physical (air stripping, ion exchange and adsorption, membrane and capacitive deionization), chemical (chlorination, struvite precipitation, electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis) and biological (classical and typical activated sludge, novel methods based on activated sludge, microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria) classification based on the ammonia recovery concept. We discuss the applicable methods of recovering ammonia nitrogen in several main wastewater plants. Finally, we prospect the research direction of ammonia removal and recovery in wastewater based on sustainable development.
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Li J, Li M, Song Q, Wang S, Cui X, Liu F, Liu X. Efficient recovery of Cu(II) by LTA-zeolites with hierarchical pores and their resource utilization in electrochemical denitrification: Environmentally friendly design and reutilization of waste in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122554. [PMID: 32240901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution seriously endangers human health and the environment. Here we prepared and tested mesoporous LTA zeolites for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous media and the captured copper was further used for electrochemical nitrate reduction. The prepared hierarchically porous LTA exhibited a high capacity (341.5 mg g-1) for Cu(II) adsorption, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models well. The Cu-LTA sample was characterised by various analytical methods, and Cu(I) species were identified as the active sites for nitrate electrochemical reduction. Based on the spectral characterization and reducibility, strong metal-support interaction was found between copper and LTA, which is beneficial to the dispersion of active sites and their contacts with nitrates. In total, 10.1 g-N-NO3 g-1-Cu was reduced over the Cu-LTA-modified cathode in a three-electrode system with high N2 selectivity (92.1 %). Compared to purely microporous zeolites, mesoporous LTA has a higher capacity for Cu(II) removal and nitrate reduction. The mesoporous structure allows easy access to the inner active sites with low diffusion resistance. The low Tafel slope and high current density confirm the high activity of the mesoporous Cu-LTA, making it a promising and efficient material for the removal and reuse of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Li
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Miao Li
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China.
| | - Qinan Song
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
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Ma X, Li M, Feng C, He Z. Electrochemical nitrate removal with simultaneous magnesium recovery from a mimicked RO brine assisted by in situ chloride ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122085. [PMID: 31958611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction is effective to remove nitrate but byproducts such as ammonia and nitrite would need chloride addition for indirect oxidation to nitrogen gas. Herein, electrochemical nitrate reduction was investigated to remove nitrate from a mimicked reverse osmosis (RO) brine containing chloride that eliminates the need for external chloride addition. Both Cu/Zn and Ti nano cathodes exhibited the best performance of nitrate removal with >97 % removal in either Na2SO4 or NaCl electrolyte, although with different products. Complete nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas was realized in the RO brine whose complex composition decreased the electrode efficiency, for example from 71.4 ± 0.2%-49.4 ± 0.3 % with the Cu/Zn cathode after 5 cycles of operation. Magnesium was recovered at the same time of nitrate removal and the purity of Mg(II) could reach 96.8 ± 2.0 % after proper pH pre-treatment. In a preliminary adsorption study, a key byproduct - chlorate was reduced by 49.8 ± 2.7 % after 3-h adsorption by 100 g L-1 activated carbon. These results have demonstrated the simultaneous electrochemical nitrate removal and resource recovery from a complex water like a RO brine and provided new information such as byproduct management and electrode deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA 24060, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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19
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Sanjuán I, García-Cruz L, Solla-Gullón J, Expósito E, Montiel V. Bi–Sn nanoparticles for electrochemical denitrification: activity and selectivity towards N2 formation. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Medel A, Treviño-Reséndez J, Brillas E, Meas Y, Sirés I. Contribution of cathodic hydroxyl radical generation to the enhancement of electro-oxidation process for water decontamination. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Beltrame TF, Zoppas FM, Marder L, Marchesini FA, Miró E, Bernardes AM. Use of a two-step process to denitrification of synthetic brines: electroreduction in a dual-chamber cell and catalytic reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1956-1968. [PMID: 31768960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation processes are being currently applied to produce drinking water from water contaminated with nitrate. The overall process generates a brine with high nitrate/nitrite concentration that is usually send back to a conventional wastewater treatment plant. Catalytic processes to nitrate reduction are being studied, but the main goal of achieving a high selectivity to nitrogen production is still a matter of research. In this work, a two-step process was evaluated, aiming to verify the best combination of operational parameters to efficiently reduce nitrate to nitrogen. In the first step, the nitrate was reduced to nitrite by electroreduction, applying a copper electrode and different cell potentials. A second step of the process was carried out by reducing the generated nitrite with a catalytic process by hydrogenation. The results showed that the highest nitrate reduction (89%) occurred when a cell potential of 11 V was applied. In this condition, the nitrite ion was generated with all experimental conditions evaluated. Then, to reduce the nitrite ion formed by catalytic reduction, activated carbon fibers (ACF) and powder γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) were tested as supports for palladium (Pd). With both catalysts, the total nitrite conversion was obtained, being the selectivity to gaseous compounds 94% and 97% for Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/ACF, respectively. Considering the results obtained, a two-stage treatment setup to brine denitrification may be proposed. With electrochemistry, an operating condition was achieved in which ammonium production can be controlled to very low values, but the reduction is predominant to nitrite. With the second step, all nitrite is converted to nitrogen gas and just 3% of ammonium is produced with the most selective catalyst. The main novelty of this work is associated to the use of a two-stage process enabling 89% of nitrate reduction and 100% of nitrite reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Favarini Beltrame
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Miranda Zoppas
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Luciano Marder
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Albana Marchesini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Miró
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Moura Bernardes
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
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22
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Zhou C, Wang Y, Chen J, Niu J. Porous Ti/SnO 2-Sb anode as reactive electrochemical membrane for removing trace antiretroviral drug stavudine from wastewater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105157. [PMID: 31520959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical degradation of trace antiretroviral drug stavudine was investigated by using a reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. From the results it was evident that the stavudine degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the values of the degradation rate constant and half-life being 0.24 min-1 and 2.9 min, respectively, at a current density of 8 mA cm-2. The degradation rate was obviously decreased under alkaline condition (pH = 11.0) and the degradation was also inhibited in the presence of NO3- and Cl-. Five intermediates were identified in the electrochemical degradation of stavudine, and the degradation pathways were proposed. Density functional theory calculation revealed that the double bond carbon atom nearby hydroxymethyl group was the site attacked by OH and the cleavage of CN bond was the rate-determining step in the electrochemical degradation of stavudine. The nitrogen in stavudine was mainly converted to nitrate and ammonium. Quantitative structure-activity relationship model indicated that the toxicity of some intermediates was higher than the parent compound stavudine. The electric energy consumption for 90% stavudine degradation ranged from 0.87 to 2.29 Wh L-1 at the experimental conditions, indicating that stavudine can be degraded efficiently by the REM with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhou
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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23
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Ziouvelou A, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV. A hybrid system for groundwater denitrification using electrocoagulation and adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109355. [PMID: 31499372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater was studied using a hybrid system comprising an electrocoagulation unit and a zeolite adsorption reactor. In the electrocoagulation (EC) process, aluminum alloy electrodes were used in an undivided cell. Experiments in the laboratory-scale reactor were carried out in unregulated temperature conditions to treat synthetic groundwater solutions containing initial nitrate concentrations of 10-100 mg NO3--N·L-1 in batch mode and without using additional pH buffers. Various operating variables, such as applied current density (about 20 mA cm-2 to 80 mA cm-2), concentration of NaCl electrolyte (0.0-1.0 g L-1) and treatment time (up to 120 min), were tested for their effects on nitrate removal. Results showed that initial NO3--N concentration, current density and electrolyte concentration, play important roles in EC. For all initial NO3--N concentrations and current densities tested, the highest NO3--N removal rates (up to 2.374 g L-1·d-1) were achieved without additional electrolyte and/or with the lowest electrolyte concentration of 0.1 g L-1. In these experiments, EC reduced NO3--N to below the standard limit of 10 mg L-1 after 10-60 min of electrolysis. A significant quantity of by-products, ammonium and dissolved aluminum, formed during the process, however these were successfully removed by zeolite adsorption in the post-treatment step. The electrochemical reactor using the specific anode/cathode combination and an environmentally-friendly post-treatment step such as zeolite adsorption, can be used to efficiently remove nitrate from groundwaters because of its high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Ziouvelou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology, PO Box 1414, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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24
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Yao J, Pan B, Shen R, Yuan T, Wang J. Differential control of anode/cathode potentials of paired electrolysis for simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:198-205. [PMID: 31207510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paired electrolysis can take advantage of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, and thus improve current efficiency for electrochemical wastewater treatment. In this work, differential control of anode/cathode potentials of paired electrolysis for simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN, including ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite) was studied. We first determined the optimal potentials for anodic oxidation of COD/NH4+ or cathodic reduction of NO3-/NO2- (minimization of over-oxidation or over-reduction) by preliminary cyclic voltammetry and constant-potential electrolysis experiments, i.e., 1.6 V for anodic oxidation and -1.26 V for cathodic reduction in this case. The optimal working potential of the cathode was achieved at appropriate current density in the paired electrolysis system, the working potential of the anode was independently controlled by adjusting the ratio of its surface area to that of the cathode. In this way, both the cathode and anode could work under optimal potentials. At an optimized cathodic current density of 5.0 mA cm-2 and cathode/anode surface area ratio of 2:1, the removal efficiencies of COD and TN from simulated wastewater reached 91.9% and 86.2%, respectively. Additionally, the developed paired electrolysis system was validated by treating an actual pharmaceutical wastewater, results for which showed that a total current efficiency of 84.8% was achieved, which was at least twice as high as that of traditional electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Yao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruxue Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongbin Yuan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Chen J, Fu Z, Niu J. Bicarbonate enhancing electrochemical degradation of antiviral drug lamivudine in aqueous solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Jia R, Zhang C, Zhang B. Electrochemical synthesis of nitric acid from air and ammonia through waste utilization. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:730-738. [PMID: 34691928 PMCID: PMC8291439 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3) are mostly produced through the Ostwald process and the Haber-Bosch process, respectively. However, high energy demand and enormous greenhouse gas accompy these processes. The development of economical and green ways to synthesize HNO3 and NH3 is highly desirable for solving the global energy and environmental crisis. Here, we present two energy-efficient and environmentally friendly strategies to synthesize HNO3 and NH3 at distributed sources, including the electrocatalytic oxidation of N2 in air to HNO3 and the electrocatalytic reduction of residual [Formula: see text] contamination in water to NH3. The isotope-labeling studies combined with theoretical calculation reveal the reaction path of the two proposed strategies, confirming the origin of the electrochemical products. Importantly, the electrooxidation-generated [Formula: see text] ions may also serve as reactants for the electroreduction synthesis of NH3 in the future. Our work may open avenues for energy-efficient and green production of HNO3 and NH3 at distributed sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ranran Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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27
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Rao X, Shao X, Xu J, Yi J, Qiao J, Li Q, Wang H, Chien M, Inoue C, Liu Y, Zhang J. Efficient nitrate removal from water using selected cathodes and Ti/PbO2 anode: Experimental study and mechanism verification. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Jin Z, Chen L, Wang J. SrFe xNi 1-xO 3-δ Perovskites Coated on Ti Anodes and Their Electrocatalytic Properties for Cleaning Nitrogenous Wastewater. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E511. [PMID: 30744028 PMCID: PMC6384844 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perovskites (ABO₃), regarded as the antioxidative anode materials in electrocatalysis to clean nitrogenous wastewater, show limited oxygen vacancies and conductivity due to their traditional semiconductor characteristic. To further improve the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity, the ferrum (Fe) element was first doped into the SrNiO₃ to fabricate the SrFexNi1-xO3-δ perovskites, and their optimum fabrication conditions were determined. SrFexNi1-xO3-δ perovskites were coated on a titanium (Ti) plate to prepare the SrFexNi1-xO3-δ/Ti electrodes. Afterward, one SrFexNi1-xO3-δ/Ti anode and two stainless steel cathodes were combined to assemble the electrocatalytic reactor (ECR) for cleaning simulated nitrogenous wastewater ((NH₄)₂SO₄ solution, initial total nitrogen (TN) concentration of 150 mg L⁻¹). Additionally, SrFexNi1-xO3-δ materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel curves, respectively. The results indicate that SrFexNi1-xO3-δ materials are featured with the perovskite crystal structure and Fe is appreciably doped into SrNiO₃. Moreover, the optimum conditions for fabricating SrFexNi1-xO3-δ were the reaction time of 120 min for citrate sol-gel, a calcination temperature of 700 °C, and Fe doping content of x = 0.3. SrFe0.3Ni0.7O2.85, and perovskite performs attractive electrocatalytic activity (TN removal ratio of 91.33%) and ECR conductivity of 3.62 mS cm-¹ under an electrocatalytic time of 150 min. Therefore, SrFexNi1-xO3-δ perovskites are desirable for cleaning nitrogenous wastewater in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zilu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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30
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Song Q, Li M, Wang L, Ma X, Liu F, Liu X. Mechanism and optimization of electrochemical system for simultaneous removal of nitrate and ammonia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:119-126. [PMID: 30308350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical system was established for simultaneous harmless removal of nitrate and ammonia multiple contamination in an undivided single cell. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical cathode and anode coupling redox mechanism and concurring evolution of nitrate and ammonia. The cyclic voltammograms showed the cathodic reduction of nitrate to ammonia and nitrite, the chloride ion conversion to hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid, and the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen gas and nitrate. A circular transformation process was formed in the electrochemical system and the final product was harmless nitrogen gas. The multiple nitrogen pollutants in the original contaminated system were gradually removed with the reaction predominantly produced harmless nitrogen gas. Response surface methodology was used to build mathematical models for optimizing the operating conditions. The optimum time, NaCl concentration, and current density were 85.38 min, 0.24 g/L, and 45.13 mA/cm2, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the treated solution were 9.17 and 0.00 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Song
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lele Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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31
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Xu H, Xu H, Chen Z, Ran X, Fan J, Luo W, Bian Z, Zhang WX, Yang J. Bimetallic PdCu Nanocrystals Immobilized by Nitrogen-Containing Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Electrocatalytic Denitrification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3861-3868. [PMID: 30605308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Issues of uniform incorporation of catalytic functional species with controllable sizes, shapes, compositions, and functions into porous carbon scaffolds remain significant challenges toward enriching and boosting performance. Here, we develop a straightforward approach that introduces dicyandiamide as a nitrogen source to chelate with metal species and combines with the surfactant-templating self-assembly method for the fabrication of highly dispersed catalysts anchored in nitrogen-containing ordered mesoporous carbon (NOMC). As a result, these functional catalyst (such as PdCu nanocrystals)-embedded NOMC composites manifest a synergistic catalytic capability for the electroreduction of nitrate in neutral electrolyte, with more than 90% nitrate removed under an ultra-low concentration of 100 ppm and a high nitrogen selectivity of 60% after 10 repeated tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (GROUP) CO. LTD , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Zehan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Ran
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Bian
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
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Kuang P, Natsui K, Einaga Y. Comparison of performance between boron-doped diamond and copper electrodes for selective nitrogen gas formation by the electrochemical reduction of nitrate. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:524-530. [PMID: 30029144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrate reduction by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and copper (Cu) electrodes was investigated at various potentials. Product selectivity of nitrate reduction was strongly dependent on the applied potential for both electrodes. The highest selectivity of nitrogen gas production was obtained at -2.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) by using a BDD electrode with a faradaic efficiency as high as 45.2%. Compared with Cu electrode, nitrate reduction on BDD electrode occurred at more positive potential, and the production of nitrogen gas was larger. The transformation of surface-adsorbed nitrate into molecular nitrogen would be accelerated on BDD electrode with hindering nitrite production. In addition, low concentration of surface-adsorbed hydrogen on the BDD would also retard the ammonia generation, leading to increase in the selectivity of nitrogen gas formation. Meanwhile, BDD electrode could hinder the hydrogen evolution reaction, which enhanced the efficiency for nitrate reduction and decreased energy consumption. BDD electrode has excellent stability to remain better performance for reducing nitrate during electrolysis without any variation of surface morphology or chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijing Kuang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keisuke Natsui
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; JST-ACCEL, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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33
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Zhu W, Zhang X, Yin Y, Qin Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. In-situ electrochemical activation of carbon fiber paper for the highly efficient electroreduction of concentrated nitric acid. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beltrame TF, Coelho V, Marder L, Ferreira JZ, Marchesini FA, Bernardes AM. Effect of operational parameters and Pd/In catalyst in the reduction of nitrate using copper electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2835-2847. [PMID: 28818018 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1367422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water with high concentration of nitrate may cause damage to health and to the environment. This study investigated how concentration, current density, flow, pH, the use of Pd/In catalyst and operating mode (constant current density and constant cell potential) have an influence in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate and in the formation of gaseous compounds using copper electrode. Experiments were performed in two-compartment electrolytic cells separated by a cationic membrane with nitrate model solutions prepared as a surrogate of concentrated brines from membrane desalination plants. The results show that the electroreduction process has potential for reduction of nitrate and that it is influenced by the operational conditions. The best conditions found for the treatment - with satisfactory reduction of nitrate, formation of gaseous compounds and reproducibility - were at nitrate concentrations of 600 and 1000 mg L-1, current density of 1.1 mA cm-2 and without pH control, since in these conditions the production of gaseous compounds is higher than the production of nitrite. When Pd/In catalyst was used, the nitrate reduction was 50% after 6 h of experiment and the predominant product were gaseous compounds. When compared to the experiment without the catalyst, the arrangement with Pd/In was the most efficient one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Coelho
- a UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Luciano Marder
- a UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Jane Zoppas Ferreira
- a UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Albana Marchesini
- b Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ-UNL, INCAPE-CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
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35
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu P, Wang F. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate via Cu/Ni composite cathode paired with Ir-Ru/Ti anode: High efficiency and N2 selectivity. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Ding J, Wei L, Huang H, Zhao Q, Hou W, Kabutey FT, Yuan Y, Dionysiou DD. Tertiary treatment of landfill leachate by an integrated Electro-Oxidation/Electro-Coagulation/Electro-Reduction process: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 351:90-97. [PMID: 29522929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an integrated Electro-Oxidation/Electro-Coagulation/Electro-Reduction (EO/EC/ER) process for tertiary landfill leachate treatment. The influence of variables including leachate characteristics and operation conditions on the performance of EO/EC/ER process was evaluated. The removal mechanisms were explored by comparing results of anode, cathode, and bipolar electrode substitution experiments. The performance of the process in a scaled-up reactor was investigated to assure the feasibility of the process. Results showed that simultaneous removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutants was achieved under optimal conditions. Ammonia removal was due to the free chlorine generation of EO while organic matter degradation was achieved by both EO and EC processes. Nitrate removal was attributed to both ER and EC processes, with the higher removal achieved by ER process. In a scaled-up reactor, the EO/EC/ER process was able to remove 50-60% organic matter and 100% ammonia at charge of 1.5 Ah/L with energy consumption of 15 kW h/m3. Considering energy cost, the process is more efficient to meet the requirement of organic removal efficiency less than 70%. These results show the feasibility and potential of the EO/EC/ER process as an alternative tertiary treatment to achieve the simultaneous removal of organic matter, ammonia, nitrate, and color of leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Weizhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Felix Tetteh Kabutey
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
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37
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Hou M, Pu Y, Qi WK, Tang Y, Wan P, Yang XJ, Song P, Fisher A. Enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate by modified copper catalyst through electrochemical deposition and annealing treatment. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1413357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-kang Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyu Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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38
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Saravanakumar D, Song J, Lee S, Hur NH, Shin W. Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrate Ions to Urea by a Titania-Nafion Composite Electrode. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3999-4003. [PMID: 28834605 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CO2 and nitrate ions were successfully converted to urea by a TiO2 -Nafion nanocomposite electrode under ambient conditions. The composite electrode was constructed by dropcasting the mixture of P25 titania and Nafion solution on an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode. When the electrode was electrolyzed in CO2 -saturated 0.1 m KNO3 (pH 4.5) solution at -0.98 V versus Ag/AgCl, urea was formed with a Faradaic efficiency of 40 %. The other reduced products obtained were NH3 , CO, and H2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
- Department of Chemistry and Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- Department of Chemistry and Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Sunhye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Nam Hwi Hur
- Department of Chemistry and Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Woonsup Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
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39
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Su L, Li K, Zhang H, Fan M, Ying D, Sun T, Wang Y, Jia J. Electrochemical nitrate reduction by using a novel Co 3O 4/Ti cathode. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:1-11. [PMID: 28478288 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Co3O4 film coated on Ti substrate is prepared using sol-gel method and applied as cathode material for electrochemical denitrification in this research. Preparation conditions including precursor coating times and calcination temperature are optimized based on NO3--N removal, NO2--N generation, NH4+-N generation and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies. The influences of electrolysis parameters such as current density and NO3--N initial concentration are also investigated. In comparison with other common researched cathodes (Ti, Cu and Fe2O3/Ti), Co3O4/Ti exhibits better NO3--N removal and NH4+-N generation efficiencies. In order to remove NO3--N completely from water, Cl- is added to help further oxidize NH4+-N to N2. TN removal after 3 h treatment increases from 65% to 80%, 90% and 96% with the increase of Cl- from 0 mg L-1 to 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1, respectively. The mechanisms of NO3--N reduction on cathode and NH4+-N oxidation on anode in the absence and presence of Cl- are investigated in a double-cell reactor. Actual textile wastewater containing both NO3- and Cl- is also treated and the Co3O4/Ti cathode exhibits excellent stability and reliability. It is interesting to find out that FeCl2-H2O2 Fenton pretreatment is needed to remove extra COD and provide more Cl- to help oxidize NH4+-N to N2 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Maohong Fan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA; School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Diwen Ying
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Tonghua Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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40
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Rajic L, Berroa D, Gregor S, Elbakri S, MacNeil M, Alshawabkeh AN. Electrochemically-induced reduction of nitrate in aqueous solution. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2017; 12:5998-6009. [PMID: 29657554 DOI: 10.20964/2017.07.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the removal of nitrate from synthetic groundwater by a cathode followed by an anode electrode sequence in the electrochemical flow-through reactor. We also tested the feasibility of the used electrode sequence to minimize the production of ammonia during the nitrate reduction. The performance of monometallic Fe, Cu, Ni and carbon foam cathodes was tested under different current intensities, flow rates/regimes and the presence of Pd and Ag catalyst coating. With the use of monometallic Fe and an increase in current intensity from 60 mA to 120 mA, the nitrate removal rate increased from 7.6% to 25.0%, but values above 120 mA caused a decrease in removal due to excessive gas formation at the electrodes. Among tested materials, monometallic Fe foam cathode showed the highest nitrates removal rate and increased significantly in the presence of Pd catalyst: from 25.0% to 39.8%. Further, the circulation under 3 mL min-1 elevated the nitrate removal by 33% and the final nitrate concentration fell below the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg L-1 nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). During the treatment, the yield of ammonia production after the cathode was 92±4% while after the anode (Ti/IrO2/Ta2O5), the amount of ammonia significantly declined to 50%. The results proved that flow-through, undivided electrochemical systems can be used to remove nitrate from groundwater with the possibility of simultaneously controlling the generation of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lj Rajic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - D Berroa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - S Gregor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - S Elbakri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - M MacNeil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - A N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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41
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Kim WY, Son DJ, Yun CY, Kim DG, Chang D, Sunwoo Y, Hong KH. Performance Assessment of Electrolysis Using Copper and Catalyzed Electrodes for Enhanced Nutrient Removal from Wastewater. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2017. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2017.8.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Fan J, Xu H, Lv M, Wang J, Teng W, Ran X, Gou X, Wang X, Sun Y, Yang J. Mesoporous carbon confined palladium–copper alloy composites for high performance nitrogen selective nitrate reduction electrocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A mesoporous carbon confined PdCu bimetallic electrocatalyst is fabricated, which delivers a superior nitrate conversion yield and nitrogen selectivity.
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43
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Gao Y, Xie YW, Zhang Q, Wang AL, Yu YX, Yang LY. Intensified nitrate and phosphorus removal in an electrolysis -integrated horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:39-45. [PMID: 27863737 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrolysis-integrated horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland system (E-HFCWs) was developed for intensified removal of nitrogen and phosphorus contaminated water. The dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and that of main water qualities of inflow and outflow were also evaluated. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) greatly enhanced nitrate removal when the electrolysis current intensity was stabilized at 0.07 mA/cm2. When the HRT ranged from 2 h to 12 h, the removal rate of nitrate increased from 20% to 84%. Phosphorus (P) removal was also greatly enhanced-exceeding 90% when the HRT was longer than 4 h in the electrolysis-integrated HFCWs. This improved P removal is due to the in-situ formation of ferric ions by anodizing of sacrificial iron anodes, causing chemical precipitation, physical adsorption and flocculation of phosphorus. Thus, electrolysis plays an important role in nitrate and phosphorus removal. The diversity and communities of bacteria in the biofilm of substrate was established by the analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences, and the biofilm was abundant with Comamonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae bacteria in E-HFCWs. Test results illustrated that the electrolysis integrated with horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland is a feasible and effective technology for intensified nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Y W Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - A L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Y X Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - L Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
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44
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Li X, Xu H, Yan W. Electrochemical oxidation of aniline by a novel Ti/TiOxHy/Sb-SnO2 electrode. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Li W, Xiao C, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Fan R, Xue J. Electrochemical Reduction of High-Concentrated Nitrate Using Ti/TiO2 Nanotube Array Anode and Fe Cathode in Dual-Chamber Cell. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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DFT calculations of ammonia oxidation reactions on bimetallic clusters of platinum and iridium. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Hu Q, Chen N, Feng C, Hu W, Liu H. Kinetic and isotherm studies of nitrate adsorption on granular Fe–Zr–chitosan complex and electrochemical reduction of nitrate from the spent regenerant solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a granular Fe–Zr–chitosan complex was prepared to remove nitrate from aqueous solution and an undivided cylindrical electrochemical cell was constructed to treat the spent regenerant solution, thus achieving separation and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution
| | - Weiwu Hu
- The Journal Center
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hengyuan Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Cycle and Environment Evolution
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48
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Activity of Pt/MnO2 electrode in the electrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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49
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Yao Y, Jiao L, Yu N, Guo F, Chen X. Comparison of electrocatalytic characterization of Ti/Sb-SnO2 and Ti/F-PbO2 electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-3053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Kan M, Yue D, Jia J, Zhao Y. Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrates with visible light by nanoporous Si photoelectrode. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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