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Arcas-Pilz V, Gabarrell X, Orsini F, Villalba G. Literature review on the potential of urban waste for the fertilization of urban agriculture: A closer look at the metropolitan area of Barcelona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167193. [PMID: 37741375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture (UA) activities are increasing in popularity and importance due to greater food demands and reductions in agricultural land, also advocating for greater local food supply and security as well as the social and community cohesion perspective. This activity also has the potential to enhance the circularity of urban flows, repurposing nutrients from waste sources, increasing their self-sufficiency, reducing nutrient loss into the environment, and avoiding environmental cost of nutrient extraction and synthetization. The present work is aimed at defining recovery technologies outlined in the literature to obtain relevant nutrients such as N and P from waste sources in urban areas. Through literature research tools, the waste sources were defined, differentiating two main groups: (1) food, organic, biowaste and (2) wastewater. Up to 7 recovery strategies were identified for food, organic, and biowaste sources, while 11 strategies were defined for wastewater, mainly focusing on the recovery of N and P, which are applicable in UA in different forms. The potential of the recovered nutrients to cover existing and prospective UA sites was further assessed for the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Nutrient recovery from current composting and anaerobic digestion of urban sourced organic matter obtained each year in the area as well as the composting of wastewater sludge, struvite precipitation and ion exchange in wastewater effluent generated yearly in existing WWTPs were assessed. The results show that the requirements for the current and prospective UA in the area can be met 2.7 to 380.2 times for P and 1.7 to 117.5 times for N depending on the recovery strategy. While the present results are promising, current perceptions, legislation and the implementation and production costs compared to existing markets do not facilitate the application of nutrient recovery strategies, although a change is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang P, Luan J, Luo L. Removal of estrogens from primary settled sewage by repeated culture of Selenastrum capricornutum. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2837-2848. [PMID: 38096072 PMCID: wst_2023_390 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation and biodegradation of estrogenic compounds by bacteria and even fungi have been reported widely, but the role of microalgae in the elimination of estrogens from municipal wastewater treatment plants and their interaction with other microorganisms in wastewater are not clear. This study reported the feasibility of repeatedly removing a mixture of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), each was 100 μg L-1, from primary settled municipal sewage by Selenastrum capricornutum (SC), a ubiquitous microalga, in four exposure cycles, each lasted 7 days, and how they interacted with the microbial consortium in sewage. Mixed estrogen in sewage stimulated the growth of SC, and the indigenous microorganisms in sewage also affected the microalgal growth. The indigenous microorganisms, particularly bacteria, could easily remove E2 (with 99.5% removal), so the role of SC was insignificant. On the contrary, EE2 was difficult to remove by indigenous microorganisms but the removal was significantly enhanced by SC, with almost all spiked EE2 being removed, even at the end of the fourth cycle (with 99.0% removal). These results indicated that SC, together with the indigenous microorganisms in wastewater, could be repeatedly used for simultaneous removal of E2 and EE2 from municipal sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- National Testing & Certification International Group Jingcheng Testing Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 511494, China E-mail:
| | - Jianwen Luan
- National Testing & Certification International Group Jingcheng Testing Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 511494, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200, China
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3
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Sharma S, Show PL, Aminabhavi TM, Sevda S, Garlapati VK. Valorization of environmental-burden waste towards microalgal metabolites production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115320. [PMID: 36706904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study develops a novel concept of using waste media as an algal nutrient resource compared to the usual growth media with the aid of growth kinetics study and metabolite production abilities. Food- and agri-compost wastes are compact structures with elemental compounds for microbial media. As a part of the study, environ-burden wastes (3:1) as a food source for photosynthetic algae as a substitute for the costly nutrient media were proposed. The environment-burden waste was also envisaged for macromolecule production, i.e., 99200 μg/ml lipid, 112.5 μg/ml protein, and 8.75 μg/ml carbohydrate with different dilutions of agri-waste, bold basal media (BBM), and Food waste, respectively. The fabricated growth kinetics and dynamics showcased the unstructured models of different photosynthetic algal growth phases and the depiction of productivity and kinetic parameters. The theoretical maximum biomass concentration (Xp) was found to be more (0.871) with diluted agricompost media than the usual BBM (0.697). The XLim values were found to be 0.362, 0.323 and 0.209 for BBM, diluted agri-compost media and diluted food waste media, respectively. Overall, the study proposes a cleaner approach of utilizing the wastes as growth media through a circular economy approach which eventually reduces the growth media cost with integrated macromolecule production capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information and Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580 031, India
| | - Surajbhan Sevda
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information and Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India.
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Graziani G, Vasumini I, Pandolfi A, Servadei I, Pistocchi R. Improvement of In Vivo Fluorescence Tools for Fast Monitoring of Freshwater Phytoplankton and Potentially Harmful Cyanobacteria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14075. [PMID: 36360953 PMCID: PMC9658348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of multi-wavelength spectrofluorometers for the fast detection of algal taxa, based on chlorophyll a (Chl-a) emission spectra, has become a common practice in freshwater water management, although concerns about their accuracy have been raised. Here, inter-laboratory comparisons using monoalgal cultures have been performed to assess the reliability of different spectrofluorometer models, alongside Chl-a extraction methods. Higher Chl-a concentrations were obtained when using the spectrofluorometers than extraction methods, likely due to the poor extraction efficiencies of solvents, highlighting that traditional extraction methods could underestimate algal or cyanobacterial biomass. Spectrofluorometers correctly assigned species to the respective taxonomic group, with low and constant percent attribution errors (Chlorophyta and Euglenophyceae 6-8%, Cyanobacteria 0-3%, and Bacillariophyta 10-16%), suggesting that functioning limitations can be overcome by spectrofluorometer re-calibration with fresh cultures. The monitoring of a natural phytoplankton assemblage dominated by Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria gave consistent results among spectrofluorometers and with microscopic observations, especially when cell biovolume rather than cell density was considered. In conclusion, multi-wavelength spectrofluorometers were confirmed as valid tools for freshwater monitoring, whereas a major focus on intercalibration procedures is encouraged to improve their reliability and broaden their use as fast monitoring tools to prevent environmental and public health issues related to the presence of harmful cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simonazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI-FRAME), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvana Vanucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Graziani
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Ivo Vasumini
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Andrea Pandolfi
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti S.p.a., Piazza Orsi Mangelli 10, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Irene Servadei
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, Viale A. Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI-FRAME), University of Bologna, Via S’Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Singh V, Mishra V. Evaluation of the effects of input variables on the growth of two microalgae classes during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118165. [PMID: 35183015 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment carried out by microalgae is usually affected by the type of algal strain and the combination of cultivation parameters provided during the process. Every microalga strain has a different tolerance level towards cultivation parameters, including temperature, pH, light intensity, CO2 content, initial inoculum level, pretreatment method, reactor type and nutrient concentration in wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to supply the right combination of cultivation parameters to increase the wastewater treatment efficiency and biomass productivity of different microalgae classes. In the current investigation, the decision tree was used to analyse the dataset of class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Various combinations of cultivation parameters were determined to enhance their performance in wastewater treatment. Nine combinations of cultivation parameters leading to high biomass production and eleven combinations each for high nitrogen removal efficiency and high phosphorus removal efficiency for class Trebouxiophyceae were detected by decision tree models. Similarly, eleven combinations for high biomass production, nine for high nitrogen removal efficiency, and eight for high phosphorus removal efficiency were detected for class Chlorophyceae. The results obtained through decision tree analysis can provide the optimum conditions of cultivation parameters, saving time in designing new experiments for treating wastewater at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India.
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Poorbagher H, Rafiee G, Rezaei Tavabe K, Moezzi F. Abatement of water nutrient load in a fish culture system using the aquatic trophic levels. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:3011-3022. [PMID: 34613637 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated aquatic systems are used to decrease the nutrient loads of effluents negating the negative environmental impacts of aquacultural systems. Some of these systems have a separate algae compartment requiring high maintenance. An integrated culture system was set up with different trophic levels: algae, zooplankton, and fish. The algal tank was in-line with the fish and zooplankton components to minimize the maintenance required for the algae. A control flow-through system was also set up without the algae and zooplankton compartments. The systems were run for 6 weeks, and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, NO3 , NO2 , NH4 , and PO4 concentrations were measured. A removal rate was determined for each water parameter and the densities of the algae and zooplankton species were measured in each compartment of the integrated system. The concentrations of most nutrients in the integrated system were similar to those of the control system. The density of algae increased during the first 3 weeks and remained almost stable until the end of the experiment. There was an inverse relationship between the densities of two zooplankton suggesting compensatory effects on the control of the algal bloom. The integrated system improved water quality with minimal algal culture maintenance, water exchange, and no fish mortality. PRACTITIONER POINTS: An integrated system could effectively reduce the nutrient load of water. Water replacement in the integrated system was significantly lower than that of a flow through system. The inline plankton culture tanks decreased greatly the maintenance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Poorbagher
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kamran Rezaei Tavabe
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fateh Moezzi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Dayana Priyadharshini S, Suresh Babu P, Manikandan S, Subbaiya R, Govarthanan M, Karmegam N. Phycoremediation of wastewater for pollutant removal: A green approach to environmental protection and long-term remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117989. [PMID: 34433126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface and water bodies in many parts of the world are affected due to eutrophication, contamination and depletion. The approach of wastewater treatment using algae for eliminating nutrients and other pollutants from domestic wastewater is growing interest among the researchers. However, sustainable treatment of the wastewater is considered to be important in establishing more effective nutrient and pollutant reduction using algal systems. In comparison to the conventional method of remediation, there are opportunities to commercially viable businesses interest with phycoremediation, thus by achieving cost reductions and renewable bioenergy options. Phycoremediation is an intriguing stage for treating wastewater since it provides tertiary bio-treatment while producing potentially valuable biomass that may be used for a variety of applications. Furthermore, the phycoremediation provides the ability to remove heavy metals as well as harmful organic substances, without producing secondary contamination. In this review, the role of microalgae in treating different wastewaters and the process parameters affecting the treatment and future scope of research have been discussed. Though several algae are employed for wastewater treatment, species of the genera Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Scenedesmus are extensively utilized. Interestingly, there is a vast scope for employing algal species with high flocculation capacity and adsorption mechanisms for the elimination of microplastics. In addition, the algal biomass generated during phycoremediation has been found to possess high protein and lipid contents, promising their exploitation in biofuel, food and animal feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palanisamy Suresh Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sivasubramanian Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sirohi R, Lee JS, Yu BS, Roh H, Sim SJ. Sustainable production of polyhydroxybutyrate from autotrophs using CO 2 as feedstock: Challenges and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125751. [PMID: 34416655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to industrialization and rapid increase in world population, the global energy consumption has increased dramatically. As a consequence, there is increased consumption of fossil fuels, leading to a rapid increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. This accumulated CO2 can be efficiently used by autotrophs as a carbon source to produce chemicals and biopolymers. There has been increasing attention on the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biopolymer, with focus on reducing the production cost. For this, cheaper renewable feedstocks, molecular tools, including metabolic and genetic engineering have been explored to improve microbial strains along with process engineering aspects for scale-up of PHB production. This review discusses the recent advents on the utilization of CO2 as feedstock especially by engineered autotrophs, for sustainable production of PHB. The review also discusses the innovations in cultivation technology and process monitoring while understanding the underlying mechanisms for CO2 to biopolymer conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Roh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea.
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Hu D, Zhang J, Chu R, Yin Z, Hu J, Kristianto Nugroho Y, Li Z, Zhu L. Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus co-cultivation with landfill leachate for pollutant removal and lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126003. [PMID: 34571333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, landfill leachate was pre-treated with NaClO, and then diluted to 5%, 10% and 15% for microalgae growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus in the mono- and co-culture modes to investigate the nutrient removal and growth characteristics of microalgae. The results revealed that landfill leachate with the 10% dilution rate was conducive for microalgae growth and exhibited robust biomass growth and the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The co-culture biomass in 10% landfill leachate achieved 0.266 g/L within 10 days and demonstrated the improved nutrient utilisation efficiency of microalgae. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrate and total phosphorus removal efficiencies accordingly reached 81.0%, 80.1%, 72.1% and 86.0% in 10% landfill leachate. Meanwhile, both the enzyme activity and fluorescence parameters proved that the cell activity of co-culture was higher than that of mono-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Chu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jiangjun Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | - Zhaohua Li
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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A Review on Synchronous Microalgal Lipid Enhancement and Wastewater Treatment. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14227687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes that can treat wastewater and provide us with biofuel. Microalgae cultivation utilizing wastewater is a promising approach for synchronous wastewater treatment and biofuel production. However, previous studies suggest that high microalgae biomass production reduces lipid production and vice versa. For cost-effective biofuel production from microalgae, synchronous lipid and biomass enhancement utilizing wastewater is necessary. Therefore, this study brings forth a comprehensive review of synchronous microalgal lipid and biomass enhancement strategies for biofuel production and wastewater treatment. The review emphasizes the appropriate synergy of the microalgae species, culture media, and synchronous lipid and biomass enhancement conditions as a sustainable, efficient solution.
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11
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Chavan R, Mutnuri S. Domestic wastewater treatment by constructed wetland and microalgal treatment system for the production of value-added products. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3304-3317. [PMID: 32013783 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1726471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to treat domestic wastewater in a hybrid Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW-4.2 m2) and Microalgal Treatment System (MTS-1 m2). The objective is not only to treat Domestic wastewater (DW) but also to produce value-added products from microalgal biomass. The domestic wastewater was initially treated by VFCW and the VFCW effluent was further phycoremediated by MTS. Canna indica was used for wetland vegetation and resident microalgal consortium from VFCW effluent was used in MTS. The VFCW and MTS was operated at 1 m3/day (HRT-0.25 m3/m2-day, OLR-400 g/m2-day) and 0.03 m3/day (HRT-0.03 m3/m2-day, OLR-400 g/m2-day), respectively. The integrated system was observed to remove 68.9% COD, 77.4% NH4-N, 75.8% TKN and 63.6% PO4-P. The harvested Naive Biomass (NB) was observed to contain 16.7% of lipids (W/W). The Residual Biomass after Lipid Extraction (RBLE) was used as a substrate for ethanol production. The observed yield of ethanol using RBLE as a substrate was 33.4%. NB, RBLE, and Residual Biomass after Lipid and Sugar Extraction (RBLSE) indicated net biomethane yield (mL/g VS) of 211.8, 134.6 and 107.7, respectively. The present study demonstrated an initial attempt of demonstrating a hybrid wastewater treatment system for the production of value-added products in terms of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chavan
- BITS Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, Applied Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Srikanth Mutnuri
- BITS Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, Applied Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Zuarinagar, India
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12
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Catone CM, Ripa M, Geremia E, Ulgiati S. Bio-products from algae-based biorefinery on wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112792. [PMID: 34058450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing resource demand, predicted fossil resources shortage in the near future, and environmental concerns due to the production of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have motivated the search for alternative 'circular' pathways. Among many options, microalgae have been recently 'revised' as one of the most promising due to their high growth rate (with low land use and without competing with food crops), high tolerance to nutrients and salts stresses and their variability in biochemical composition, in so allowing the supply of a plethora of possible bio-based products such as animal feeds, chemicals and biofuels. The recent raising popularity of Circular Bio-Economy (CBE) further prompted investment in microalgae, especially in combination with wastewater treatment, under the twofold aim of allowing the production of a wide range of bio-based products while bioremediating wastewater. With the aim of discussing the potential bio-products that may be gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater, this paper presents an overview on microalgae production with particular emphasis on the main microalgae species suitable for growth on wastewater and the obtainable bio-based products from them. By selecting and reviewing 76 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, a number of interesting aspects, including the selection of algal species suitable for growing on urban wastewater, wastewater pretreatment and algal-bacterial cooperation, were carefully reviewed and discussed in this work. In this review, particular emphasis is placed on understanding of the main mechanisms driving formation of microalgal products (such as biofuels, biogas, etc.) and how they are affected by different environmental factors in selected species. Lastly, the quantitative information gathered from the articles were used to estimate the potential benefits gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater in Campania Region, a region sometimes criticized for poor wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Catone
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ripa
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - E Geremia
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Ulgiati
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Yan Z, Shen T, Li W, Cheng W, Wang X, Zhu M, Yu Q, Xiao Y, Yu L. Contribution of microalgae to carbon sequestration in a natural karst wetland aquatic ecosystem: An in-situ mesocosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144387. [PMID: 33450680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate rock weathering coupled with aquatic photosynthesis in karst areas is an important part in the formation of terrestrial carbon sinks. The capacity of photosynthetic carbon sequestration by aquatic microalgae and carbonic anhydrase (CA) is integral in the estimation of carbon sink potential of karst aquatic ecosystems. To date, carbon sequestration by aquatic microalgae in karst areas has been investigated in laboratory experiments. In the present work, the capacity of carbon sequestration by microalgae and CA under natural karst aquatic conditions and the main environmental factors were investigated in field in-situ mesocosms. The Sizhitan Pond of the Huixian karst wetland in Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China, was selected as a typical karst natural water body for this study. The capacity of photosynthetic carbon sequestration varied with microalgal community composition. The microalgal communities with active extracellular CA showed high capacity of carbon sequestration. The average conversion of inorganic carbon to relatively stable organic carbon by microalgae in the Huixian karst wetland aquatic ecosystem was estimated as 4207.5 t C/a. Approximately 28.7% of the bicarbonate fed by the karst underground river was fixed into organic carbon by microalgal photosynthesis. The major environmental factors affecting the capacity of carbon sequestration by microalgae in the karst wetland aquatic ecosystem were the water CA activity, illumination, temperature, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. This study is the first to address the contribution of aquatic microalgae and CA to carbon sequestration under natural karst aquatic conditions. The findings contribute to establishing groundwork for substantiating the carbon sink potential in global karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Yan
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Taiming Shen
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiayu Wang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi / Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Treatment of Rocky Desertification, MNR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yutian Xiao
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
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Gil-Izquierdo A, Pedreño MA, Montoro-García S, Tárraga-Martínez M, Iglesias P, Ferreres F, Barceló D, Núñez-Delicado E, Gabaldón JA. A sustainable approach by using microalgae to minimize the eutrophication process of Mar Menor lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143613. [PMID: 33218814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the removal capacity of microalgae photobioreactors of environmental pollutants present in wastewater from the dry riverbed El Albujón, as a way to minimize the eutrophication process of the Mar Menor. Particularly, the capacity of four autochthonous microalgae consortia collected from different locations of the salty lagoon to remove emerging contaminants (simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, adenosine and ibuprofen), nitrates, and phosphates, was evaluated. Among the four microalgae consortia, consortium 1 was the best in terms of biomass productivity (0.11 g L-1 d-1) and specific growth rate (0.14 d-1), providing 100% removal of emerging contaminants (simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, adenosine and ibuprofen), and a maximal reduction and consumption of macronutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates, reaching levels below 28 mg L-1, that is, a decrease of 89.90 and 99.70% of nitrates and phosphates, respectively. Therefore, this consortium (Monoraphidium sp., Desmodesmus subspicatus, Nannochloris sp.) could be selected as a green filter for successful large-scale applications. This study is the first one that combines the successful removal of herbicides, ibuprofen and adenosine as emerging contaminants, and nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - M A Pedreño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Montoro-García
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - M Tárraga-Martínez
- Buggypower S.L, Miguel Hernández, 16, San Pedro del Pinatar, E-307040 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Buggypower S.L, Miguel Hernández, 16, San Pedro del Pinatar, E-307040 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Ferreres
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Núñez-Delicado
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - J A Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain.
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Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalgae Galdieria phlegrea with Wastewater: Process Yields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052291. [PMID: 33652560 PMCID: PMC7956590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Algal based wastewater treatment offers the opportunity to recover, in the form of biomass, the nutrients and internal chemical energy of wastewater. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of extremophilic microalgae, as they can easily adapt to difficult and often pollutant-rich environments. The thermo-acidophilic microalga Galdieria phlegrea is a species of recent discovery and great metabolic versatility, but it has still been poorly studied. Here, G. phlegrea was cultivated using raw municipal wastewater in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks with 700 mL working volume at 37 °C for up to nine days. During the cultivation phase, biomass growth, phycocyanin content, ammonium and phosphate removal from the wastewater, lipid fraction, total carbon and nitrogen in the biomass, and variation in δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios (a novel analytical contribution in these experiments) were monitored. Results indicated that G. phlegrea was able to grow in raw effluent, where it removed more than 50% ammonium and 20% phosphate in 24 h; total lipid content was in the range of 11–22%, while average C-N content was of 45% and 6%, respectively; isotopic analyses proved to be a useful support in identifying C and N metabolic pathways from effluent to biomass. Overall, G. phlegrea showed consistent performance with similar Cyanidiophyceae and is a potentially viable candidate for municipal wastewater valorization from a circular economy perspective.
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Mohsenpour SF, Hennige S, Willoughby N, Adeloye A, Gutierrez T. Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142168. [PMID: 33207512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving the ecological status of water sources is a growing focus for many developed and developing nations, in particular with reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater effluent. In recent years, mixotrophic micro-algae have received increased interest in implementing them as part of wastewater treatment. This is based on their ability to utilise organic and inorganic carbon, as well as inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in wastewater for their growth, with the desired results of a reduction in the concentration of these substances in the water. The aim of this review is to provide a critical account of micro-algae as an important step in wastewater treatment for enhancing the reduction of N, P and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, whilst utilising a fraction of the energy demand of conventional biological treatment systems. Here, we begin with an overview of the various steps in the treatment process, followed by a review of the cellular and metabolic mechanisms that micro-algae use to reduce N, P and COD of wastewater with identification of when the process may potentially be most effective. We also describe the various abiotic and biotic factors influencing micro-algae wastewater treatment, together with a review of bioreactor configuration and design. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the current state-of-the-art in the use of micro-algae in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohsenpour
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian Hennige
- School of Geosciences, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Adebayo Adeloye
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Sharma S, Garlapati VK. Phycoremediation of X-ray developer solution towards silver removal with concomitant lipid production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115837. [PMID: 33120334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present research is mainly focusing on the characterization of X-ray developer solution and its toxic tolerance studies with Desmodesmus armatus towards the phycoremediation studies for removal of pollutants, silver, and concomitant lipid production. The characterization results suggested the presence of 1.229 ± 0.004 g/l BOD, 27.29 ± 0.230 g/l COD with a silver content of 0.01791 ± 0.000 g/l. The tolerance and toxicity limits of with X-ray developer solution reveals the remarkable growth of microalgae in 3:1.dilution ratio of BBM in the X-ray developer solutions. The phycoremediation with 19 days period shown the noticeable results with a relative BOD (20.86%), COD (13.88%), with 57.10% corresponding total phosphorous removal. The phycoremediation also has proven better relative silver removal potential of 44.06% on the 19th day with concomitant 1.392% lipid production. Overall, the present study shows the potential phycoremediation strategy of hazardous X-ray developer solutions with possible concurrent lipid production through a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, HP, 173234, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, HP, 173234, India.
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18
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Treatment of Wastewaters by Microalgae and the Potential Applications of the Produced Biomass—A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of different types of wastewater by physicochemical or biological (non-microalgal) methods could often be either inefficient or energy-intensive. Microalgae are ubiquitous microscopic organisms, which thrive in water bodies that contain the necessary nutrients. Wastewaters are typically contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other trace elements, which microalgae require for their cell growth. In addition, most of the microalgae are photosynthetic in nature, and these organisms do not require an organic source for their proliferation, although some strains could utilize organics both in the presence and absence of light. Therefore, microalgal bioremediation could be integrated with existing treatment methods or adopted as the single biological method for efficiently treating wastewater. This review paper summarized the mechanisms of pollutants removal by microalgae, microalgal bioremediation potential of different types of wastewaters, the potential application of wastewater-grown microalgal biomass, existing challenges, and the future direction of microalgal application in wastewater treatment.
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Baldisserotto C, Demaria S, Accoto O, Marchesini R, Zanella M, Benetti L, Avolio F, Maglie M, Ferroni L, Pancaldi S. Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Thickening Effluent of an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Isolated Green Microalga. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121802. [PMID: 33353199 PMCID: PMC7766996 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms and are considered excellent candidates for a wide range of biotechnological applications, including the removal of nutrients from urban wastewaters, which they can recover and convert into biomass. Microalgae-based systems can be integrated into conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (WW-TP) to improve the water depuration process. However, microalgal strain selection represents a crucial step for effective phytoremediation. In this work, a microalga isolated from the effluent derived from the thickening stage of waste sludge of an urban WW-TP was selected and tested to highlight its potential for nutrient removal. Ammonium and phosphate abatements by microalgae were evaluated using both the effluent and a synthetic medium in a comparative approach. Parallelly, the isolate was characterized in terms of growth capability, morphology, photosynthetic pigment content and photosystem II maximum quantum yield. The isolated microalga showed surprisingly high biomass yield and removal efficiency of both ammonium and phosphate ions from the effluent but not from the synthetic medium. This suggests its clear preference to grow in the effluent, linked to the overall characteristics of this matrix. Moreover, biomass from microalgae cultivated in wastewater was enriched in photosynthetic pigments, polyphosphates, proteins and starch, but not lipids, suggesting its possible use as a biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Ornella Accoto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Roberta Marchesini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Marcello Zanella
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Linda Benetti
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Avolio
- HERA SpA—Direzione Acqua, Via C. Diana, 40, Cassana, 44044 Ferrara, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Michele Maglie
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.B.); (S.D.); (O.A.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (L.F.)
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A fluorescence-based approach to screen for productive chemically mutagenized strains of Desmodesmus armatus. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Qiao S, Hou C, Wang X, Zhou J. Minimizing greenhouse gas emission from wastewater treatment process by integrating activated sludge and microalgae processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139032. [PMID: 32454299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel integrated microalgae and activated sludge (MA/AS) system was constructed to minimize greenhouse gas emission from traditional wastewater treatment plants. Its removal properties for aqueous pollutants were assessed as well. The ratio of microalgae-to-activated sludge volatile suspended solids of 1.3 and an incident light intensity of 12 W/m2 provided the best performance: COD, NH4+, and total phosphorus (TP) removals were up to 100%, 99.6% and 100%, respectively. Even without illumination, COD, NH4+, and TP removal efficiencies were as high as 95.1%, 96.5% and 100%, respectively. In both cases, nutrient uptake by MA was proved to play an important role in nutrients removal. And no CH4 or N2O emissions were detected during the whole experimental period of the MA/AS system (mass ratio of 1.3:1). Only negligible CO2 was detected up to 45 μmol with illumination and 130 μmol without illumination in the headspace of the serum bottles, which merely accounted for 2.0% and 5.8% of the initial total carbon equivalent (glucose serving as organic carbon source). Since photosynthesis by microalgae could provide oxygen to heterotrophs or nitrifying bacteria, extra energy demand (mainly from aeration units) could be greatly cut down, which would heavily reduce the total energy demands and further indirect CO2 emission from wastewater treatment plants. Our integrated system is demonstrated to be a sustainable approach for contaminants removal from aqueous phase, restraining greenhouse gas emission and saving energy consumption contemporaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Caiyun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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22
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Neury-Ormanni J, Doose C, Majdi N, Vedrenne J, Traunspurger W, Morin S. Selective grazing behaviour of chironomids on microalgae under pesticide pressure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138673. [PMID: 32402959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide diuron and the insecticide imidacloprid are amongst the most frequently detected pesticides in French rivers, and each is known to affect many aquatic organisms. However, the question of whether and how both pesticides together might induce multi-stress conditions, which could induce indirect effects such as the modification of biological interactions within freshwater microbial communities has not received much attention. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of diuron and imidacloprid alone and in combination on the feeding behaviour of chironomid larvae. An initial experiment measured the impact of the different contamination conditions at environmental concentrations (5 μg L-1 for each pesticide) on the grazing rate of chironomids on three microalgae species, independently. Two diatom species, Gomphonema gracile (two different morphotypes: normal and teratogen) and Planothidium lanceolatum, and one green alga Desmodesmus sp. were offered as food, during 24 h. Chironomids grazing rates varied according to the pesticide and algae species. Indeed, diuron impacted algae more strongly and probably affected their palatability, leading chironomids to increase grazing pressure on less nutritionally interesting algae. Imidacloprid, by targeting insect larvae, increased or inhibited their grazing capacity depending on the food source. In a second experiment (cafeteria design), the food selectivity of chironomids on previous algae was determined under similar contamination conditions during 4 h: under diuron, larvae switched equally between the microalgae and were as mobile as in the control without pesticide. However, imidacloprid and the pesticide mixture condition altered chironomid movements and grazing behaviour. By investigating the impact of an herbicide and an insecticide, alone and in combination, on the responses of food (algae growth rate) and biological (mortality) and behavioural (mobility, food selection) responses of chironomid larvae, this study provided new insights on the direct and indirect effects of pesticide contamination on a simplified trophic web.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Doose
- INRS, centre ETE, 490 rue de la Couronne, G1K 9A9 Québec, Canada
| | - Nabil Majdi
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jacky Vedrenne
- Inrae, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Soizic Morin
- Inrae, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
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Tejido-Nuñez Y, Aymerich E, Sancho L, Refardt D. Co-cultivation of microalgae in aquaculture water: Interactions, growth and nutrient removal efficiency at laboratory- and pilot-scale. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jo SW, Do JM, Na H, Hong JW, Kim IS, Yoon HS. Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9418. [PMID: 32742771 PMCID: PMC7369025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenome studies have provided us with insights into the complex interactions of microorganisms with their environments and hosts. Few studies have focused on microalgae-associated metagenomes, and no study has addressed aquatic microalgae and their bacterial communities in open pond raceways (OPRs). This study explored the possibility of using microalgal biomasses from OPRs for biodiesel and biofertilizer production. The fatty acid profiles of the biomasses and the physical and chemical properties of derived fuels were evaluated. In addition, the phenotype-based environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants was assessed. The growth rate, biomass, and lipid productivity of microalgae were also examined during mass cultivation from April to November 2017. Metagenomics analysis using MiSeq identified ∼127 eukaryotic phylotypes following mass cultivation with (OPR 1) or without (OPR 3) a semitransparent film. Of these, ∼80 phylotypes were found in both OPRs, while 23 and 24 phylotypes were identified in OPRs 1 and 3, respectively. The phylotypes belonged to various genera, such as Desmodesmus, Pseudopediastrum, Tetradesmus, and Chlorella, of which, the dominant microalgal species was Desmodesmus sp. On average, OPRs 1 and 3 produced ∼8.6 and 9.9 g m−2 d−1 (0.307 and 0.309 DW L−1) of total biomass, respectively, of which 14.0 and 13.3 wt% respectively, was lipid content. Fatty acid profiling revealed that total saturated fatty acids (mainly C16:0) of biodiesel obtained from the microalgal biomasses in OPRs 1 and 3 were 34.93% and 32.85%, respectively; total monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) were 32.40% and 31.64%, respectively; and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including C18:3) were 32.68% and 35.50%, respectively. Fuel properties determined by empirical equations were within the limits of biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Culture solutions with or without microalgal biomasses enhanced the environmental adaptation ability of soybean plants, increasing their seed production. Therefore, microalgal biomass produced through mass cultivation is excellent feedstock for producing high-quality biodiesel and biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Jo
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Do
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Na
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Advanced Bio-resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Rahimi S, Modin O, Mijakovic I. Technologies for biological removal and recovery of nitrogen from wastewater. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107570. [PMID: 32531318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination is a growing environmental issue. Several harmful effects on human health and the environment are attributed to nitrogen contamination of water sources. Consequently, many countries have strict regulations on nitrogen compound concentrations in wastewater effluents. Wastewater treatment is carried out using energy- and cost-intensive biological processes, which convert nitrogen compounds into innocuous dinitrogen gas. On the other hand, nitrogen is also an essential nutrient. Artificial fertilizers are produced by fixing dinitrogen gas from the atmosphere, in an energy-intensive chemical process. Ideally, we should be able to spend less energy and chemicals to remove nitrogen from wastewater and instead recover a fraction of it for use in fertilizers and similar applications. In this review, we present an overview of various technologies of biological nitrogen removal including nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), as well as bioelectrochemical systems and microalgal growth for nitrogen recovery. We highlighted the nitrogen removal efficiency of these systems at different temperatures and operating conditions. The advantages, practical challenges, and potential for nitrogen recovery of different treatment methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Screening High CO 2-Tolerant Oleaginous Microalgae from Genera Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:211-229. [PMID: 32358786 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae from genus Scenedesmus sensu lato (including Desmodesmus and Scenedesmus) were reported to be particularly suitable candidates for CO2 biomitigation. In this study, 16 strains from Scenedesmus sensu lato were obtained from different climate zones of China and their phylogenetic positions were determined. Seven strains out of the 16 showed high CO2 tolerance and grew much faster under 20% CO2 than air condition. Two representatives from genera Desmodesmus (NMD46) and Scenedesmus (HBX310) respectively were selected due to their higher lipid productivity, and the maximum value of 146 mg L-1 day-1 was achieved in NMD46. Triacylglycerols increased with the rising of CO2 levels from 0.04 to 15% in NMD46, while they changed little in HBX310. High CO2 level decreased the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in NMD46 but increased it in HBX310. NMD46 is more suitable for standardized biodiesel production in view of its lipid and fatty acid composition responses to high CO2.
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Biofuel-Relevant Microalga Desmodesmus armatus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/6/e00896-19. [PMID: 32029566 PMCID: PMC7005114 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00896-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A draft genome of 906 scaffolds of 115.8 Mb was assembled for Desmodesmus armatus, a diploid, lipid- and storage carbohydrate-accumulating microalga proven relevant for large-scale, outdoor cultivation, and serves as a model alga platform for improving photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation for next-generation bioenergy production. A draft genome of 906 scaffolds of 115.8 Mb was assembled for Desmodesmus armatus, a diploid, lipid- and storage carbohydrate-accumulating microalga proven relevant for large-scale, outdoor cultivation, and serves as a model alga platform for improving photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation for next-generation bioenergy production.
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Arora N, Jaiswal KK, Kumar V, Vlaskin MS, Nanda M, Pruthi V, Chauhan PK. Small-scale phyco-mitigation of raw urban wastewater integrated with biodiesel production and its utilization for aquaculture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122489. [PMID: 31818721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost small-scale high-rate algal pond (HRAP) was constructed to investigate the synergistic potential of a novel oleaginous microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana for phyco-mitigation, and biodiesel production using raw urban wastewater. An enhanced nutrient removal (97%), total organic carbon (74%), alkalinity (70%) and hardness (75%) from the wastewater was obtained. The microalga dominated in the HRAP as ~90% increase in the dissolved oxygen with high biomass (1.13 g/L) was noted. The microalga biomass showed sufficient lipid content (~31% of dry cell weight) as compared to control (Bold's Basal media). The total lipid profiling of the microalga cultivated in wastewater showed augmentation in the levels of both storage and neutral lipids with good quality fatty acids composition. Moreover, the sucker fishes grew healthy in the treated wastewater with an increase in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 40076, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248001, India.
| | - M S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India
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Akgül F. Effects of nitrogen concentration on growth, biomass, and biochemical composition of Desmodesmus communis (E. Hegewald) E. Hegewald. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:98-105. [PMID: 31809237 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1697884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen, being one of the building blocks of biomacromolecules, is an important nutrient for microalgae growth. Nitrogen availability alters the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae. We investigated the effects of different nitrogen concentrations on specific growth rate (SGR), biomass productivity (BP), total protein and lipid content and amino acid and fatty acid composition of Desmodesmus communis. Nitrogen deficiency increased algal growth and changed the lipid amount and composition. The maximum growth and BP were detected in 75% N-medium. The highest total protein and lipid amount were detected in 50% N- and 75% N-media, respectively. Amino acid and fatty acid compositions of samples varied widely depending on the nutrient concentrations. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid (USFAs) was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and Linolenic acid percentage is higher than the limit of European standards in all media. The data reported here provide important contributions how nitrogen scarcity and abundance affect the growth and biochemical content of microalgae and this information can further be utilized in culture optimization in studies aimed at microalgae production for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Füsun Akgül
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Budhi Venkatesan R, Rajarathinam R. Screening of microalgae for treating Garcinia cambogia wash water with potential lipid production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34685-34692. [PMID: 29959730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae-based water treatment is gaining importance in recent years as it serves multiple purposes of which includes water treatment and biofuel production. Garcinia cambogia, a Malabar tamarind is a tropical fruit and the active ingredient hydroxycitric acid is popularly used as a weight-loss supplement. After extraction of the hydroxycitric acid, the wash water of G. cambogia is considered as an effluent. The potential microalgal species that can grow and treat G. cambogia wash water were isolated and identified as Dicloster acuatus BVR1 and Kalenjenia gelanitosa BVR2. Both the microalgal species adapted to G. cambogia wash water and entered exponential phase after sixth day with maximum specific growth rate of 0.310 day-1 for D. acuatus and 0.296 day-1 for K. gelanitosa during tenth day. The biomass productivity of D. acuatus was 0.03 g L-1 day-1 which is 58% higher than K. gelanitosa with 0.019 g L-1 day-1. The microalgal strains besides water treatment were subsequently subjected for lipid extraction and lipid productivity determination. The lipid productivity of D. acuatus was 2.68 mg L-1 day-1 which is lesser compared to 3.38 mg L-1 day-1 for K. gelatinosa. Both the microalgal isolates were promising for G. cambogia wash water treatment and lipid production. Hence, an environment friendly approach of water treatment with simultaneous lipid production for biofuel conversion is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, 638401, India.
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31
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Nath A, Tiwari PK, Rai AK, Sundaram S. Evaluation of carbon capture in competent microalgal consortium for enhanced biomass, lipid, and carbohydrate production. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:379. [PMID: 31588403 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrichment of carbon dioxide (CO2) in environment is a major factor for enhancement of global warming on Earth surface. Microalgal consortia play an important role in inhibiting the alarming fluxes of CO2 through sustainable mechanism of bioconversion of CO2 into biomass. In the present investigation, eight heterogeneous consortia of cyanobacteria and green algae such as MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, MC5, MC6, MC7, and MC8 for the sustainable utilization of effective CO2 sequestration and biomass production were studied. Two factorial central composite designs (% CO2 and pH) were used for optimization of cellular morphology, growth, and development of consortia. The photosynthetic quantum yield of consortium MC8 was found to be maximum (0.61) in comparison with other consortia. The morphological and physiological behavior of the above consortium was analyzed under C, 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of CO2 resource capture in 250 mL BG-11+ medium. We have identified that 10% CO2 concentrated medium maximally promoted the cellular growth in terms of cell dimension, dried biomass, carbohydrate, and lipid contents in this consortium. As such, the elemental composition of carbon and carbon capturing capability was high at 10% CO2 concentration. However, further CO2 enrichment (15%) led to decline in growth and morphology of cell size as compared to control. The results indicate that the optimum CO2 enrichment in consortia exhibits potent commercial utilization for rapid biomass production and plays a distinguished role in global carbon sequestration and mitigation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- 1Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Nehru Gram Bharati (To be Deemed University), Prayagraj, 221505 India
| | - Pravin K Tiwari
- 3Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratories, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Awadhesh K Rai
- 3Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratories, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- 1Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Complex, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 Uttar Pradesh India
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Goswami G, Makut BB, Das D. Sustainable production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of symbiotically grown biomass of microalgae-bacteria coupled with effective wastewater treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15016. [PMID: 31628372 PMCID: PMC6802377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study demonstrates a sustainable process for production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of microbial biomass generated through co-cultivation of microalgae and bacteria coupled with wastewater remediation. Biomass concentration and wastewater treatment efficiency of a tertiary consortium (two microalgae and two bacteria) was evaluated on four different wastewater samples. Total biomass concentration, total nitrogen and COD removal efficiency was found to be 3.17 g L−1, 99.95% and 95.16% respectively when consortium was grown using paper industry wastewater in a photobioreactor under batch mode. Biomass concentration was enhanced to 4.1 g L−1 through intermittent feeding of nitrogen source and phosphate. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of bio-crude oil indicates abundance of the hydrocarbon fraction and in turn, better oil quality. Maximum distillate fraction of 30.62% lies within the boiling point range of 200–300 °C depicting suitability of the bio-crude oil for conversion into diesel oil, jet fuel and fuel for stoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Goswami
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Bidhu Bhusan Makut
- Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India. .,Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Lv J, Zhao F, Feng J, Liu Q, Nan F, Liu X, Xie S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanism on the response of Chlorococcum sp. GD to glucose concentration in mixotrophic cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121568. [PMID: 31154280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of Chlorococcum sp. GD in synthetic medium with different glucose concentrations (ranging from 1 to10 g/L) was investigated. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to clarify the response of the microalga to glucose concentrations. High concentration of glucose (6-10 g/L) not only did not provide a higher yield of biomass but also inhibited photosynthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the glucose metabolism mainly depended on the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as the microalga was cultivated with 10 g/L glucose. Meanwhile the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis were significantly inhibited. The significant change on carbon metabolic flux caused by the increase in glucose concentration affected the synthesis of reducing power and ATP, which ultimately influenced the growth of the microalga. Appropriate supplement of organic carbon not only enhances the biomass accumulation but also increases the utilization efficiency of organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Hernández-García A, Velásquez-Orta SB, Novelo E, Yáñez-Noguez I, Monje-Ramírez I, Orta Ledesma MT. Wastewater-leachate treatment by microalgae: Biomass, carbohydrate and lipid production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:435-444. [PMID: 30852308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increases in wastewater discharges and the generation of municipal solid wastes have resulted in deleterious effects on the environment, causing eutrophication and pollution of water bodies. It is therefore necessary to investigate sustainable bioremediation alternatives. Wastewater treatment using consortia of microalgae-bacteria is an attractive alternative because it allows the removal and recycling of nutrients, with the additional advantage of biomass production and its subsequent conversion into valuable by-products. The present study aims to integrate wastewater and landfill leachate treatment with the production of microalgal biomass, considering not only its valorization in terms of lipid and carbohydrate content but also the effect of nutrient limitation on biomass formation. The effect of treating a mixture of raw wastewater with different leachate ratios (0%, 7%, 10% and 15%) was investigated using a microalgae-bacteria consortium. Two microalgae (Desmodesmus spp. and Scenedesmus obliquus) were used. Nutrient removal, biomass concentration, carbohydrate, lipid and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAMEs) content and morphological changes were evaluated. Removals of 82% of NH4+ and 43% of orthophosphate from a wastewater-leachate mixture (containing 167 mg/L NH4+ and 23 mg/L PO43-) were achieved. The highest final yield was obtained using Desmodesmus spp. (1.95 ± 0.3 g/L). The microalgae were observed to accumulate high lipid (20%) and carbohydrate (41%) contents under nutrient limiting conditions. The concentration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) also increased. Morphological changes including the disintegration of coenobia were observed. By using a mixture of wastewater-leachate it is possible to remove nutrients, since microalgae tolerate high ammonia concentrations, and simultaneously increase the algal biomass concentration containing precursors to allow biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hernández-García
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510 México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Sharon B Velásquez-Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eberto Novelo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510 México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Isaura Yáñez-Noguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510 México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Monje-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510 México, D.F, Mexico
| | - María T Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510 México, D.F, Mexico.
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Identification and Characterization of Janthinobacterium svalbardensis F19, a Novel Low-C/N-Tolerant Denitrifying Bacterium. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we isolated Janthinobacterium svalbardensis F19 from sludge sediment. Strain F19 can simultaneously execute heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification under aerobic conditions. The organism exhibited efficient nitrogen removal at a C/N ratio of 2:1, with an average removal rate of 0.88 mg/L/h, without nitrite accumulation. At a C/N ratio of 2, an initial pH of 10.0, a culturing temperature of 25 °C, and sodium acetate as the carbon source, the removal efficiencies of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and hydroxylamine were 96.44%, 92.32%, 97.46%, and 96.69%, respectively. The maximum removal rates for domestic wastewater treatment for ammonia and total nitrogen were 98.22% and 92.49%, respectively. Gene-specific PCR amplification further confirmed the presence of napA, hao, and nirS genes, which may contribute to the heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification capacity of strain F19. These results indicate that this bacterium has potential for efficient nitrogen removal at low C/N ratios from domestic wastewater.
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Advances in the technologies for studying consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae in wastewaters. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:709-731. [PMID: 30971144 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The excessive generation and discharge of wastewaters have been serious concerns worldwide in the recent past. From an environmental friendly perspective, bacteria, cyanobacteria and microalgae, and the consortia have been largely considered for biological treatment of wastewaters. For efficient use of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia in wastewater treatment, detailed knowledge on their structure, behavior and interaction is essential. In this direction, specific analytical tools and techniques play a significant role in studying these consortia. This review presents a critical perspective on physical, biochemical and molecular techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry with cell sorting, nanoSIMS and omics approaches used for systematic investigations of the structure and function, particularly nutrient removal potential of bacteria‒cyanobacteria/microalgae consortia. In particular, the use of specific molecular techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics metabolomics and genetic engineering to develop more stable consortia of bacteria and cyanobacteria/microalgae with their improved biotechnological capabilities in wastewater treatment has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- c Formerly Department of Microbiology , Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapuramu , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales , Australia
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Nguyen TDP, Tran TNT, Le TVA, Nguyen Phan TX, Show PL, Chia SR. Auto-flocculation through cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in seafood wastewater discharge: Influence of culture conditions on microalgae growth and nutrient removal. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:492-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kopp R, Brabec T, Mareš J, Maršálková E, Maršálek B. The Utilization of Algae with the Aim to Increase the Fatty Acid Content in Muscle of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lv J, Liu Y, Feng J, Liu Q, Nan F, Xie S. Nutrients removal from undiluted cattle farm wastewater by the two-stage process of microalgae-based wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:311-318. [PMID: 29857286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was selected from five freshwater microalgal strains of Chlorophyta, and showed a good potential in nutrients removal from undiluted cattle farm wastewater. By the end of treatment, 62.30%, 81.16% and 85.29% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were removed. Then two two-stage processes were established to enhance nutrients removal efficiency for meeting the discharge standards of China. The process A was the biological treatment via C. vulgaris followed by the biological treatment via C. vulgaris, and the process B was the biological treatment via C. vulgaris followed by the activated carbon adsorption. After 3-5 d of treatment of wastewater via the two processes, the nutrients removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N and TP were 91.24%-92.17%, 83.16%-94.27% and 90.98%-94.41%, respectively. The integrated two-stage process could strengthen nutrients removal efficiency from undiluted cattle farm wastewater with high organic substance and nitrogen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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40
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Isolation and characterization of microalgal strains for biomass production and wastewater reclamation in Northern Sweden. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Rugnini L, Costa G, Congestri R, Antonaroli S, Sanità di Toppi L, Bruno L. Phosphorus and metal removal combined with lipid production by the green microalga Desmodesmus sp.: An integrated approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:45-51. [PMID: 29413630 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the potential of Desmodesmus sp. to be employed for wastewater bioremediation and biodiesel production. The green microalga was grown in a culture medium with a phosphorus (P) content of 4.55 mg L-1 simulating an industrial effluent; it was also exposed to a bimetal solution of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) for 2 days. P removal was between 94 and 100%. After 2 days of exposure to metals, 94% of Cu and 85% of Ni were removed by Desmodesmus sp. Adsorption tests showed that the green microalga was able to remove up to 90% of Cu and 43% of Ni in less than 30 min. The presence of metals decreased the lipid yield, but biodiesel quality from the biomass obtained from metal exposed samples was higher than that grown without metals. This result revealed that this technology could offer a new alternative solution to environmental pollution and carbon-neutral fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rugnini
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Dept. Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Congestri
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Sanità di Toppi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - L Bruno
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Zhu Y, Tu X, Chai XS, Wei Q, Guo L. Biological activities and nitrogen and phosphorus removal during the anabaena flos-aquae biofilm growth using different nutrient form. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:7-12. [PMID: 29253782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the biological activities and nitrogen and phosphorus removal during the anabaena flos-aquae biofilm growth on the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) carriers, in different nutrient form mediums. The study showed that the production of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can reach 40.4 g/(h·m2) and 115 × 10-2 g/m2 in an 11-day period, respectively, indicating that the anabaena flos-aquae biofilm had high biological activities. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal reached 94.9 and 96.8%, respectively, in the ammonium form nitrogen group; while 97.7% of phosphorus were removed in the orthophosphate form phosphorous group. A comparison study was conducted and results showed that the present anabaena flos-aquae based biofilm provided a better removal of nitrogen and phosphorus than the other microalgae biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaojie Tu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qun Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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De Francisci D, Su Y, Iital A, Angelidaki I. Evaluation of microalgae production coupled with wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:581-592. [PMID: 28303757 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1308441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the feasibility of microalgae production coupled with wastewater treatment was assessed. Continuous cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana with wastewater was tested in lab-scale flat-panel photobioreactors. Nitrogen and phosphorus removals were found to be inversely proportional to the four dilution rates, while chemical oxygen demand removal was found to be 50% at all the tested conditions. The biomass obtained at the highest dilution rate was characterized for its content of lipids, proteins and pigments. The average yields of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), protein, lutein, chlorophylls and β-carotene was 62.4, 388.2, 1.03, 11.82 and 0.44 mg per gram dry biomass, respectively. Economic analysis revealed that potentially more than 70% of revenue was from the production of pigments, that is, chlorophyllin (59.6%), lutein (8.9%) and β-carotene (5.0%) while reduction in discharging costs of the treated wastewaters could account for 19.6% of the revenue. Due to the low market price of biodiesel, the revenue from the above was found to be the least profitable (1.4%). Even when combining all these different revenues, this cultivation strategy was found with the current prices to be uneconomical. Power consumption for artificial light was responsible for the 94.5% of the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Francisci
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Yixi Su
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Arvo Iital
- b Department of Environmental Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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Bioremediation by Microalgae: Current and Emerging Trends for Effluents Treatments for Value Addition of Waste Streams. BIOSYNTHETIC TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7434-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rugnini L, Costa G, Congestri R, Bruno L. Testing of two different strains of green microalgae for Cu and Ni removal from aqueous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:959-967. [PMID: 28582741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of metal ions in aqueous media is a major environmental problem due to their persistence and non-biodegradability that poses hazards to the ecosystem and human health. In this study, the effect of Cu and Ni on the growth of two green microalgal strains, Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus sp., was evaluated along with the removal capacity from single metal solutions (12days exposure; metal concentration range: 1.9-11.9mgL-1). Microalgal growth showed to decrease at increasing metal concentrations, but promising metal removal efficiencies were recorded: up to 43% and 39% for Cu by Desmodesmus sp. and C. vulgaris, respectively, with a sorption capacity of 33.4mggDW-1 for Desmodesmus sp. As for Ni, at the concentration of 5.7mgL-1, the removal efficiency reached 32% for C. vulgaris and 39% for Desmodesmus sp. In addition, Desmodesmus sp. growth and metal removal were evaluated employing bimetallic solutions. In these tests, the removal efficiency for Cu was higher than that of Ni for all the mix solutions tested with a maximum of 95%, while Ni-removal reached 90% only for the lowest concentrations tested. Results revealed that the biosorption of both metals reached maximum removal levels within the fourth day of incubation (with metal uptakes of 67mgCugDW-1 and 37mgNigDW-1). Intracellular bioaccumulation of metals in Desmodesmus sp. was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy after DAPI staining of cells exposed or not to Cu during their growth. Imaging suggested that Cu is sequestered in polyphosphate bodies within the cells, as observable also in phosphorus deprived cultures. Our results indicate the potential of employing green microalgae for bioremediation of metal-polluted waters, due to their ability to grow in the presence of high metal concentrations and to remove them efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rugnini
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - G Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Dept. Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - R Congestri
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - L Bruno
- LBA-Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Dept. of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via Cracovia 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Lee JY, Rahman A, Behrens J, Brennan C, Ham B, Kim HS, Nho CW, Yun ST, Azam H, Kwon MJ. Nutrient removal from hydroponic wastewater by a microbial consortium and a culture of Paracercomonas saepenatans. N Biotechnol 2017; 41:15-24. [PMID: 29174513 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of microbial processes for removal of major nutrients (e.g., N, P) and inorganic cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+) from hydroponic systems was investigated. Microbial consortium- and axenic culture-based experiments were conducted in a waste nutrient solution (WNS). A microbial consortium grown in the WNS and selected microalgae species of Paracercomonas saepenatans were inoculated in two different synthetic media (Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) and synthetic WNS) in batch systems, and the microbial growth characteristics and the rate and extent of nutrient removal were determined for each system. No toxicity or growth inhibition was observed during microbial growth in either media. Both the waste-nutrient-grown microbial consortium and Paracercomonas saepenatans can be grown effectively in BBM and WNS, and both remove most ions from both media (e.g.,>99% removal of NO3- and 41-100% removal of PO43-) within 16days. Significant nutrient removal was observed during the growth phase of the microbial communities (4-10days period), indicating major nutrient utilization for microbial growth as well as chemical mineral precipitation. Furthermore, MINEQL+4.6 modeling showed higher PO43- removal in WNS during microbial growth (compared to BBM) due to precipitation of phosphate minerals (e.g., hydroxyapatite, vivianite). The dominant microbial species in both systems were also identified. DNA sequencing showed that Vorticella (58%) and Scenedesmus (33%) in WNS and Scenedesmus (89%) in BBM were the predominant species. This study demonstrates the potential application of microbial consortium (predominantly algae and protozoan)-based treatment techniques for hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Lee
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Juliana Behrens
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, NY, USA
| | - Conor Brennan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, NY, USA
| | - Baknoon Ham
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossain Azam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, NY, USA
| | - Man Jae Kwon
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Sutherland DL, Turnbull MH, Craggs RJ. Environmental drivers that influence microalgal species in fullscale wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:504-512. [PMID: 28802135 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, studies have focused on identifying the most suitable microalgal species for coupled high rate algal pond (HRAP) wastewater treatment and resource recovery. However, one of the challenges facing outdoor HRAP systems is maintaining microalgal species dominance. By increasing our understanding of the environmental drivers of microalgal community composition within the HRAP environment, it may be possible to manipulate the system in such a way to favour the growth of desirable species. In this paper, we investigate the microalgal community composition in two full-scale HRAPs over a 23-month period. We compare wastewater treatment performance between dominant species and identify the environmental drivers that trigger change in community composition. A total of 33 microalgal species were identified over the 23-month period but species richness (the number of species present at any given time) was low and was not related to either productivity or nutrient removal efficiency. Species turnover of the dominant microalgae happened rapidly, typically <1 week. Changes in the influent NH4-N concentration and zooplankton grazer numbers were significantly associated with species turnover, accounting for 80% of the changes in dominant species throughout the 23-month study period. Both nutrient removal and biomass production did not differ between the two HRAPs when the dominant species was the same or differed in the two ponds. These results suggest that microalgal functional groups are more important than individual species for full-scale HRAP performance. This study has increased our understanding of some of the environmental drivers of the microalgae within the HRAP environment, which may assist with improving wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Sutherland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Rupert J Craggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 11-115, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand.
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48
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Xu J, Wang X, Sun S, Zhao Y, Hu C. Effects of influent C/N ratios and treatment technologies on integral biogas upgrading and pollutants removal from synthetic domestic sewage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10897. [PMID: 28883448 PMCID: PMC5589932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different treatment technologies, namely mono-algae culture, algal-bacterial culture, and algal-fungal culture, were applied to remove pollutants form synthetic domestic sewage and to remove CO2 from biogas in a photobioreactor. The effects of different initial influent C/N ratios on microalgal growth rates and pollutants removal efficiencies by the three microalgal cultures were investigated. The best biogas upgrading and synthetic domestic sewage pollutants removal effect was achieved in the algal-fungal system at the influent C/N ratio of 5:1. At the influent C/N ratio of 5:1, the algal-fungal system achieved the highest mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 81.92% and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 81.52%, respectively, while the algal-bacterial system demonstrated the highest mean total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 82.28%. The average CH4 concentration in upgraded biogas and the removal efficiencies of COD, TN, and TP were 93.25 ± 3.84% (v/v), 80.23 ± 3.92%, 75.85 ± 6.61%, and 78.41 ± 3.98%, respectively. These results will provide a reference for wastewater purification ad biogas upgrading with microalgae based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanghai Public Green Space Construction Affairs Center, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China.
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China.
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Dai W, Yu W, Zhang J, Zhu J, Tao Z, Xiong J. The gut eukaryotic microbiota influences the growth performance among cohabitating shrimp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6447-6457. [PMID: 28702793 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed a close interplay between the gut bacterial communities and host growth performance. However, until recently, studies generally ignored the contribution of eukaryotes, endobiotic organisms. To fill this gap, we used Illumina sequencing technology on eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene to compare the structures of gut eukaryotic communities among cohabitating retarded, overgrown, and normal shrimp obtained from identically managed ponds. Results showed that a significant difference between gut eukaryotic communities differed significantly between water and intestine and among three shrimp categories. Structural equation modeling revealed that changes in the gut eukaryotic community were positively related to digestive enzyme activities, which in turn influenced shrimp growth performance (λ = 0.97, P < 0.001). Overgrown shrimp exhibited a more complex and cooperative gut eukaryotic interspecies interaction than retarded and normal shrimp, which may facilitate their nutrient acquisition efficiency. Notably, the distribution of dominant eukaryotic genera and shifts in keystone species were closely concordant with shrimp growth performance. In summary, this study provides an integrated overview on direct roles of gut eukaryotic communities in shrimp growth performance instead of well-studied bacterial assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Weina Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zhen Tao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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50
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Bagul SY, K Bharti R, Dhar DW. Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:719-727. [PMID: 28759454 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L-1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g-1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg-1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s-1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhan Yuvraj Bagul
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, UP 275103, India
| | - Randhir K Bharti
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India E-mail:
| | - Dolly Wattal Dhar
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India E-mail:
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